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Author |
Denecke, M.A.; Janssens, K.; Brendebach, B.; de Nolf, W.; Falkenberg, G.; Rothe, J.; Simon, R.; Somogyi, A.; Vekemans, B.; Noseck, U. |
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Title |
Confocal mu-XRF, mu-XAFS, and mu-XRD studies of sediment from a nuclear waste disposal natural analogue site and fractured granite following a radiotracer migration experiment |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
AIP conference proceedings |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
882 |
Issue |
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Pages |
187-189 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Combined mu-XRF, mu-XAFS, and mu-XRD investigations of a uranium-rich tertiary sediment, from a nuclear repository natural analogue site, and a fractured granite bore core section after a column tracer experiment using a Np(V) containing cocktail have been performed. Most mu-XRF/mu-XAFS measurements are recorded in a confocal geometry to provide added depth information. The U-rich sediment results show uranium to be present as a tetravalent phosphate and that U(IV) is associated with As(V). Arsenic present is either As(V) or As(0). The As(0) form thin coatings on the surface of pyrite nodules. A hypothesis for the mechanism of uranium immobilization is proposed, where arsenopyrite acted as reductant of ground water dissolved U(VI) leading to precipitation of less soluble U(IV) and thereby forming As(V). Results for the granite sample show the immobilized Np to be tetravalent and associated with facture material. |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0094-243x |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:103614 |
Serial |
5556 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
De Vis, K.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K.; Jacobs, P. |
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Title |
The consolidation of cracks and fissures in dalle de verre : assessment of selected adhesives |
Type |
H2 Book chapter |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
43-52 |
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Keywords |
H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
Dalle de verre windows, created from 19301940 onwards, consist of glass pieces with a thickness of approximately 2 to 5 cm, set in a matrix of (reinforced) concrete. Besides the degradation of the concrete, the windows suffer mainly from a complex three-dimensional form of cracking of the glass elements. The cracks need to be consolidated in order to ensure stability and improve transparency. A selection of possible adhesives was evaluated: Araldite® 2020, Hxtal NYL-1, Fynebond, Paraloid® B-72, LV740, A18 and OR-G®. An attempt has been made to objectively compare these adhesives using a bench-marking system. None of the adhesives appears to be suitable for in situ application; sufficient penetration of the adhesives can only be realised with the help of vacuum techniques. |
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ISBN |
978-90-8932-113-8 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:114606 |
Serial |
5557 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Anaf, W.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Formation of metallic mercury during photodegradation/photodarkening of \alpha-HgS : electrochemical evidence |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Chem Int Edit |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
48 |
Pages |
12568-12571 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Das rote Pigment α-HgS neigt in Gegenwart von Licht und Chloridionen zur Schwärzung. Als Grund für die Zersetzung und Entfärbung werden die Bildung von (schwarzem) β-HgS oder Quecksilbermetall vermutet, doch diese Substanzen wurden noch nicht auf natürlich oder künstlich zersetzter HgS-Farbe nachgewiesen. Elektrochemische Experimente belegen nun die Bildung von Quecksilbermetall in Gegenwart von Licht und Chloridionen. |
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Wos |
000327582900015 |
Publication Date |
2013-10-04 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1433-7851; 0570-0833 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
11.994 |
Times cited |
19 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors acknowledge L. Klaassen for valuable discussions and providing samples. We acknowledge financial support from the SDD programme (S2-ART project) of the Belgian Federal Goverment. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 11.994; 2013 IF: 11.336 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:111265 |
Serial |
5626 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Vincze, L.; Janssens, K.; Adams, F. |
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Title |
X-ray optics for synchrotron-radiation-induced X-ray micro fluorescence at the european synchrotron-radiation facility, Grenoble |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Institute of physics conference series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
130 |
Pages |
613-616 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Different optical designs for generating synchrotron x-ray micro beams suitable for use in an X-ray fluorescence microscope using an ESRF bending magnet X-ray source are compared. Attention is devoted to the spatial and energy distribution of the photons in the micro beam and to the minimum detection limits that are achievable with each alternative optical system. |
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A1993LW34000126 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0305-2346 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:104541 |
Serial |
5917 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Terzano, R.; Santoro, A.; Spagnuolo, M.; Vekemans, B.; Medici, L.; Janssens, K.; Göttlicher, J.; Denecke, M.A.; Mangold, S.; Ruggiero, P. |
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Title |
Solving mercury (Hg) speciation in soil samples by synchrotron X-ray microspectroscopic techniques |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Environmental pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Pollut |
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Volume |
158 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2702-2709 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Direct mercury (Hg) speciation was assessed for soil samples with a Hg concentration ranging from 7 up to 240 mg kg1. Hg chemical forms were identified and quantified by sequential extractions and bulkand micro-analytical techniques exploiting synchrotron generated X-rays. In particular, microspectroscopic techniques such as m-XRF, m-XRD and m-XANES were necessary to solve bulk Hg speciation, in both soil fractions <2 mm and <2 mm. The main Hg-species found in the soil samples were metacinnabar (b-HgS), cinnabar (a-HgS), corderoite (Hg3S2Cl2), and an amorphous phase containing Hg bound to chlorine and sulfur. The amount of metacinnabar and amorphous phases increased in the fraction <2 mm. No interaction among Hg-species and soil components was observed. All the observed Hgspecies originated from the slow weathering of an inert Hg-containing waste material (K106, U.S. EPA) dumped in the area several years ago, which is changing into a relatively more dangerous source of pollution. |
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Wos |
000280571500026 |
Publication Date |
2010-06-08 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0269-7491 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
5.099 |
Times cited |
30 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was partially financed by the MIUR (COFIN 2005) project “Innovative chemical, physical, and biological methods to characterize and remediate soils polluted by heavy metals (MICROS)”. Synchrotron experiments at HASYLAB were financially supported by the European Community-Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 “Structuring the European Research Area” Program I(Integrating Activity on Synchrotron and Free Electron Laser Science; project: contract RII3-CT-2004-506008). This research was also performed as part of the “Interuniversity Attraction Poles” (IAP6) Program financed by the Belgian government. We thank Gerald Falkenberg and Karen Rickers-Appel for their scientific and technical support in obtaining the experimental data at Beam line L (HASYLAB, DESY, Hamburg, Germany). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 5.099; 2010 IF: 3.395 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:84050 |
Serial |
5835 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Klaassen, L.; van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Higgitt, C.; Spring, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Rosi, F.; Brunetti, B.G.; Postec, M.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Characterization and removal of a disfiguring oxalate crust on a large altarpiece by Hans Memling |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
263-282
T2 - Metal soaps in art / Casadio, F. [edi |
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Keywords |
H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
During the conservation treatment of Memling’s Christ with Singing and Music-making Angels, three panel paintings that are among the most monumental works in early Netherlandish art, the conservators came across insoluble surface layers containing calcium oxalates. A very thin and irregular layer of this type, hardly visible to the naked eye, was spread across the surface of all three panels. A much thicker layer forming an opaque and highly disfiguring crust that obscured the composition (Figs. 15.1 and 15.7) was locally present on areas of dark copper-containing paint, where multiple layers of old discolored coatings and accretions remained in place before the most recent cleaning. This article describes the application of a wide range of analytical techniques in order to fully understand the stratigraphy and composition of the crusts on the Memling paintings. FTIR spectroscopy in transmission and reflection mode, micro-ATR-FTIR imaging and macro-rFTIR scanning, SEM-EDX, mobile XRD, and SR-μXRD showed that the crusts contained two related Ca-based oxalate salts, whewellite and weddellite, and were separated from the original paint surface by varnish, indicating that they did not originate from degradation of the original paint but from a combination of microbial action and a thick accumulation of dirt. Supported by the results from these different analytical techniques, which when used together proved to be very effective in providing complementary information that addressed this specific conservation problem, and aided by the presence of the intermediate varnish layer(s), the conservators were able to remove most of the crusts with spectacular results. |
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Publication Date |
2019-03-23 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
978-3-319-90616-4 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:190778 |
Serial |
7609 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Schalm, O.; Proost, K.; De Vis, K.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; Mees, F.; Jacobs, P.; Caen, J. |
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Title |
Manganese staining of archaeological glass : the characterization of Mn-rich inclusions in leached layers and a hypothesis of its formation |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Archaeometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Archaeometry |
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Volume |
53 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
103-122 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
During the study of a large number of archaeological glass fragments, manganese-rich inclusions in leached layers were observed in a limited number of cases. This phenomenon occurs only in black-coloured leached layers. Since the formation mechanism of such manganese-rich inclusions is still unclear, a combination of several analytical techniques was used in order to investigate this phenomenon and, more specifically, to obtain more information on (a) the composition and morphology of the inclusions, (b) the chemical state of Mn and (c) the 3D morphology of the inclusions. A mechanism that might explain the formation of these inclusions is proposed. |
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Wos |
000285418100006 |
Publication Date |
2010-07-22 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-813x; 1475-4754 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.47 |
Times cited |
24 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.47; 2011 IF: 1.183 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:88754 |
Serial |
5704 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Brenker, F.E.; Vollmer, C.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Szymanski, A.; Janssens, K.; Szaloki, I.; Nasdala, L.; Joswig, W.; Kaminsky, F. |
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Title |
Carbonates from the lower part of transition zone or even the lower mantle |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Earth and planetary science letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Earth Planet Sc Lett |
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Volume |
260 |
Issue |
1/2 |
Pages |
1-9 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Effective CO2-storage in the shallow solid Earth mainly occurs by the formation of carbonates. Although the possibility of transport and storage of carbonates to great depth is demonstrated experimentally, ultra-deep mantle carbonates have not been found before. Applying several in situ analytical techniques on inclusions in diamonds from Juina (Brazil) originating from the lower part of the transition zone (> 580 km) or even the lower mantle (> 670 km), reveal the existence of deep Earth carbonates. These finding unquestionably show that at least locally carbonates exist within the deep Earth and may indicate that the Earth's global CO2-cycle has an ultra-deep extension. |
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Wos |
000248883300001 |
Publication Date |
2007-03-04 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0012-821x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.409 |
Times cited |
156 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.409; 2007 IF: 3.873 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:71387 |
Serial |
5496 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jochum, K.P.; Dingwell, D.B.; Rocholl, A.; Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; et al. |
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Title |
The preparation and preliminary characterisation of eight geological MPI-DING reference glasses for in-site microanalysis |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Geostandards newsletter |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
87-133 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Eight silicate glasses were prepared by directly fusing and stirring 50-100 g each of basalt, andesite, komatiite, peridotite, rhyolite, and quartz-diorite. These are referred to as MPI-DING glasses and were made for the purpose of providing reference materials for geochemical, in-situ microanalytical work. Results from various analytical techniques indicate that individual glass fragments are well homogenised with respect to major and trace elements at the mu m to mm scale. Heterogeneities due to quench crystallisation of olivine have been observed in small and limited areas of the two komatiitic glasses. In order to obtain concentration values for as many elements as possible, the glasses were analysed by a variety of bulk and microanalytical methods in a number of laboratories. From the analytical data, preliminary reference values for more than sixty elements were calculated. The analytical uncertainties of most elements are estimated to be between 1% and 10%. |
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Wos |
000088900000010 |
Publication Date |
2007-05-23 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0150-5505 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:104244 |
Serial |
5787 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; de Nolf, W.; van der Snickt, G. |
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Title |
Optimization of mobile scanning macro-XRF systems for the in situ investigation of historical paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
899-909 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Elemental distribution maps are of great interest in the study of historical paintings, as they allow to investigate the pigment use of the artist, to image changes made in the painting during or after its creation and in some cases to reveal discarded paintings that were later over painted. Yet a method that allows to record such maps of a broad range of elements in a fast, non-destructive and in situ manner is not yet commonly available; a dedicated mobile scanning XRF instrument might fill this gap. In this paper we present three self-built scanning macro-XRF instruments, each based on the experience gained with its precursor. These instruments are compared in terms of sensitivity and limits of detection, which includes a discussion of the use of polycapillary optics and pinhole collimators as beam defining devices. Furthermore, the imaging capabilities of the instruments are demonstrated in three exemplary cases: (parts of) historical paintings from the 15th to the 19th century are examined. These cases illustrate the value of element specific distribution maps in the study of historical paintings and allow in the case of Vincent van Gogh's Patch of Grass a direct comparison between in situ and synchrotron based scanning macro-XRF. |
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Wos |
000289731900004 |
Publication Date |
2011-03-21 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
107 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The investigation of the “Triptych of the Seven Sacraments'' was done in collaboration with Griet Steyaert, independent restorer, and Lizet Klaassen, Royal Museum of Fine Arts (Antwerp, Belgium). The investigation of ”Patch of Grass'' was realized in collaboration with Luuk van der Loeff, Kroller-Muller-Museum (Otterlo, The Netherlands). M. Alfeld is a PhD fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16) NACHO. The text also presents results of GOA "XANES meets ELNES'' (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0103.04, G.0689.06 and G.0704.08. Further, the work presented was sponsored by the Innovational Research Incentives Scheme of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO (proj. no. 016.118.303). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:89919 |
Serial |
5758 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Vanmeert, F.; Van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Velázquez? A portrait of Pope Innocent X : an X-ray imaging investigation (II) |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
132-141
T2 - Velázquez : Anregungen, Vorschläge, L |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Encompassing a broad spectrum of methodological approaches and aims, the scholars contributing to this volume offer renewed perspectives on the multifaceted oeuvre of Diego Velázquez. The seventeenth-century artist’s exceptional religious works as well as his numerous portraits are examined within the social and historical context of Velázquez’s milieu which included both the Spanish court as well as circles comprising important intellectual figures of his time. Following a close investigation of his works, which also includes the results of recent technological examinations on his paintings, the contributors to this volume offer new, exciting findings and discussions on the inspirations, sources and possible intentions of Velázquez. |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
978-3-99020-155-8 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:190783 |
Serial |
8736 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Cabal, A.; Legrand, S.; Van den Bril, B.; Tote, K.; Janssens, K.; van Espen, P. |
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Title |
Study of the uniformity of aerosol filters by scanning MA-XRF |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
X-ray spectrometry
T2 – 17th European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS), JUN 19-24, 2016, Univ Gothenburg, Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SWEDEN |
Abbreviated Journal |
X-Ray Spectrom |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
461-466 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is an attractive analytical method to determine the level of air pollution by heavy metals. The concentration of the filter in ng/cm(2) is obtained by direct comparison of the net characteristic line intensity of an element with that of a thin film standard. As the sampled area on the filter and the area of the standard are larger than the area analysed by the instrument, the distribution of the elements on the surface of both samples and standards have to be sufficiently uniform. If this is not the case, biased concentration estimates are obtained. Two scanning macro-XRF setups with a beam diameter of similar to 0.5 mm were used to investigate the distribution of elements in (1) commercially available (Micromatter) standards, (2) in-house quartz filter standards obtained with an aerosol generator and (3) particulatematter (PM10) collected on quartz filters by a Leckel SEQ 47/50 sampler. The uniformity of the Micromatter standards was better than 2%. At least some in-house standards showed a concave distribution with less material at the edges. The maximum bias introduced by this is less than 5%. Because of the limited sensitivity of scanning XRF compared with conventional XRF, the distribution of only a few common elements like Ca and Fe could be determined reliably in aerosol filters. The distribution of some heavy elements could only be measured in filters sampled in polluted regions. In general, the loading of particulate matter over the filters was uniform. Copyright (C) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000409246400026 |
Publication Date |
2017-03-21 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0049-8246 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.298 |
Times cited |
4 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.298 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:145644 |
Serial |
5852 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Cotte, M.; Sorace, L.; Vanmeert, F.; Brunetti, B.G.; Miliani, C. |
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Title |
Chromium speciation methods and infrared spectroscopy for studying the chemical reactivity of lead chromate-based pigments in oil medium |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Microchemical journal
T2 – TECHNART Conference, APR 27-30, 2015, Catania, ITALY |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
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Volume |
124 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
272-282 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Environmental factors, such as light, humidity and temperature are triggering agents for the alteration of organic and/or inorganic constituents of oil paintings. The oxidation of the organic material is favored by increasing of relative humidity and temperature, whereas processes involving changes of the oxidation states of a number of inorganic pigments (e.g., vermilion, cadmium yellows, zinc yellows, chrome yellows) are mainly activated by light-exposure. In view of the optimization of the long-term conservation and restoration strategies of paintings it is of relevant interest to establish the consequences of thermal parameters (temperature and relative humidity) on the chemical/photochemical-reactivity and the nature of the alteration products of light sensitive-pigments in oil medium. To this aim here we propose a multi-method analytical approach based on the combination of diffuse reflectance UV-Vis, FTIR, synchrotron radiation (SR)-based micro X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF)/micro-X-ray absorption neat edge structure ()CANES) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies for studying the effects of different relative humidity conditions before and after light exposure on the reactivity of a series of lead chromate-based pigments [such as PbCrO4 center dot PbO (monoclinic), PbCrO4 (monoclinic) and PbCr0.2S0.8O4 (orthorhombic)] in an oil medium. The investigation of paint models was also compared to that of a late 19th century historical orthorhombic PbCr0.4S0.6O4 oil paint. Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopies were used to obtain information associated with chromatic changes and the formation of organo-metal degradation products at the paint surface. SR-based Cr K-edge mu-XANES/mu-XRF mapping analysis and EPR spectroscopy were employed in a complementary fashion to determine the amount, nature and distribution of Cr(III) and Cr(V)-based alteration compounds within the paints with micrometric spatial resolution. Under the employed thermal aging conditions, lead(II)-carboxylates and reduced Cr-compounds (in abundance of up to about 35% at the surface) have been identified in the lead chromate-based paints. The tendency of chromates to become reduced increased with increasing moisture levels and was favored for the orthorhombic PbCr0.2S0.8O4 compounds. The redox process gave rise to the formation of Cr(V)-species in relative amount much higher than that was formed in the equivalent paint which was exposed only to light. After light-exposure of the thermally aged paints, compounds ascribable to the oxidation of the organic binder were detected for all the types of pigments. Nevertheless, the previous thermal treatment increased the tendency toward photo-reduction of only the PbCr0.2S0.8O4 pigment. For this light-sensitive compound, the thickness variation of the reduced Cr-rich (ca. 70%) photo-alteration layer with moisture levels could be ascribed to a surface passivation phenomenon that had already occurred before photochemical aging. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000367755600042 |
Publication Date |
2015-09-12 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.034 |
Times cited |
23 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.034 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:131099 |
Serial |
5519 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Alvarez-Martin, A.; Cleland, T.P.; Kavich, G.M.; Janssens, K.; Newsome, G.A. |
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Title |
Rapid evaluation of the debromination mechanism of eosin in oil paint by direct analysis in real time and direct infusion-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Chem |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
10856-10863 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Eosin is a synthetic organic colorant prone to fading under the influence of light. On the basis of the growing interest in the understanding of the discoloration mechanism of eosin-based lakes, this study compares the ability of two ultrafast and ultrasensitive mass spectrometry techniques to detect eosin derivatives in complex matrices, such as oil media without the use of conventional separation columns or additional sample preparation protocols. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) and direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) were used to characterize the degradation pathway of eosin in oil media. The analysis protocols developed in this study are applied to discern the degradation mechanism of the lake pigment eosin (comprising the molecule per se complexed to an inorganic substrate) dispersed in linseed oil to create an oil paint. The analysis of oil paints by high resolution MS without an extraction methodology that modifies the system chemistry allowed us to identify the degradation forms without causing any additional fragmentation. Both techniques revealed the primary photodegradation pathway of eosin in linseed oil, and DI-ESI-MS provided additional information on the native conformation of the lake. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
000482545300069 |
Publication Date |
2019-07-30 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-2700; 5206-882x |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
6.32 |
Times cited |
3 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors would like to acknowledge the SolarPaint project (GOA program, Antwerp University Research Council) and Smithsonian Institution for financial support. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.32 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:162879 |
Serial |
5800 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Herremans, D.; Cagno, S.; Vincke, A.; Janssens, K.; De Clercq, W. |
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Title |
All crystal clear : 18th-century glass à la façon de Bohème from the cistercian nunnery of Clairefontaine, Belgium |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of glass studies |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
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Pages |
137-+ |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Excavations at the Cistercian nunnery of Clairefontaine, located near Arlon in the south of Belgium, revealed an assemblage of 18th-century colorless glass. The morphology of the vessels and the engraved decoration suggest a central European origin or, at least, stylistic inspiration. The composition of the glass points to a recipe combining silica, lime, and potash: a colorless potash glass a la facon de Boheme. This article considers the technology, morphology, and origin of the vessels. The art-historical analysis is supported by chemical research (scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy [SEM-EDX]). The finds are also discussed in light of the emerging northwestern European glass industry, changing consumer practices during the 18th century, and their meaning for the inhabitants of the abbey. |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0075-4250 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:114603 |
Serial |
5461 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Šmit, Ž.; Janssens, K.; Proost, K.; Langus, I. |
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Title |
Confocal μ-XRF depth analysis of paint layers |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl Instrum Meth B |
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Volume |
219 |
Issue |
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Pages |
35-40 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Focused narrow-band beam of the synchrotron radiation was used for in-depth analysis of historic and modern paint layers. The fluorescent radiation induced by 21 keV impact radiation was detected by a Si(Li) detector equipped with a polycapillary X-ray lens in con-focal geometry. Scanning of the sample was performed by a motorized xyz stage. Space resolution of 30 ìm was achieved. The procedure of evaluation of concentrations was based on the independent parameter method and included absorption of radiation in the outer layers and secondary fluorescence enhancement induced by hard X-rays of the same and neighboring layers. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
000221895800009 |
Publication Date |
2004-02-21 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0168-583x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.109 |
Times cited |
69 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.109; 2004 IF: 0.997 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:71386 |
Serial |
5552 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
van der Snickt, G.; de Nolf, W.; Vekemans, B.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
μ-XRF/μ-RS vs. SR μ-XRD for pigment identification in illuminated manuscripts |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Applied physics A : materials science & processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Phys A-Mater |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
59-68 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
For the non-destructive identification of pigments and colorants in works of art, in archaeological and in forensic materials, a wide range of analytical techniques can be used. Bearing in mind that every method holds particular limitations, two complementary spectroscopic techniques, namely confocal ì-Raman spectroscopy (ì-RS) and ì-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ì-XRF), were joined in one instrument. The combined ì-XRF and ì-RS device, called PRAXIS unites both complementary techniques in one mobile setup, which allows ì- and in situ analysis. ì-XRF allows one to collect elemental and spatially-resolved information in a non-destructive way on major and minor constituents of a variety of materials. However, the main disadvantages of ì-XRF are the penetration depth of the X-rays and the fact that only elements and not specific molecular combinations of elements can be detected. As a result ì-XRF is often not specific enough to identify the pigments within complex mixtures. Confocal Raman microscopy (ì-RS) can offer a surplus as molecular information can be obtained from single pigment grains. However, in some cases the presence of a strong fluorescence background limits the applicability. In this paper, the concrete analytical possibilities of the combined PRAXIS device are evaluated by comparing the results on an illuminated sheet of parchment with the analytical information supplied by synchrotron radiation ì-X-ray diffraction (SR ì-XRD), a highly specific technique. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
000256426000008 |
Publication Date |
2008-03-19 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0947-8396 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.455 |
Times cited |
56 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.455; 2008 IF: 1.884 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:74465 |
Serial |
5695 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Odin, G.P.; Vanmeert, F.; Farges, F.; Gand, G.; Janssens, K.; Romero-Sarmiento, M.-F.; Steyer, J.S.; Vantelon, D.; Rouchon, V. |
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Title |
Alteration of fossil-bearing shale (Autun, France; Permian), part II : monitoring artificial and natural ageing by combined use of S and Ca K-edge XANES analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and FTIR analysis |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Annales de paléontologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Paleontol |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
225-239 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Fossil-bearing shale specimens that include sulfides in their compositions are chemically reactive and sometimes also mechanically fragile. This decay is often related to iron sulfate efflorescence resulting from the oxidation of sulfide compounds. The processes underlying these degradations are poorly known, thus impeding the elaboration of curative or preventive treatments. The present contribution aims to identify the origin of museum specimen alterations. It focuses on the Flouest collection housed at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN, Paris, France) and originating from the Autun Basin (Saone-et-Loire, France, Permian). To evaluate the alteration of MNHN specimens, it appeared necessary to compare their composition with that of unaltered shale so as to identify chemical changes occurring during ageing. Therefore, new material was collected in the Autun Basin, among others on the locality of Muse that corresponds to the same lithostratigraphic unit as that of the MNHN specimens. This material was, if necessary, artificially aged. The first part of this work, presented elsewhere, deals with the use of Xray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy for characterizing iron reactivity and speciation. It leads to the conclusion that the reactivity of iron in the shale matrix was limited and could not account for the large efflorescence of iron (II) sulfate occurring nearby the fossil. The second part presented here focuses on the use of S K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy for characterizing sulfur speciation and reactivity. Measurements were performed on the shale matrix and on thin layers of maceral found in the proximity of damaged areas. As sulfur may be found in association with calcium or organic matter, complementary techniques were implemented, such as FTIR spectroscopy, Rock-Eval pyrolysis (characterization of organic matter content) and Ca K-edge XANES (analysis of calcium speciation) spectroscopy. It was shown that sulfur is mainly related to thioether, sulfoxide, iron sulfide, and sulfates whereas calcium is mainly bound to carboxylate, carbonate and/or sulfate groups. FTIR analysis of the macerals confirmed the presence of vitrinite on damaged MNHN specimens. The low oxygen content of new shale samples determined by Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates that the organic matter is well preserved, despite the fact that samples come from outcrop surface. In the newly collected material, sulfur is mainly related to organic sulfides (thioether) with a minor occurrence of iron sulfide. In the shale fraction of damaged MNHN specimens, sulfur is mostly oxidized into a mixture of iron and calcium sulfate. However, in the vitrinite layers of the same specimens, a large proportion of sulfur corresponds to organic sulfides. Also the oxidation of sulfur does not occur homogeneously but preferentially in the shale fraction, probably because this latter is porous whereas vitrinite is not. Artificial ageing of new shale material showed that the oxidation of organic sulfides could be reproduced at 90 degrees C, 80% of relative humidity. However, the obtained efflorescence almost exclusively corresponds to calcium sulfate whereas iron (II) sulfates are mostly observed on MNHN specimens. The new material collected on site is probably to be questioned, and future studies will have to select new samples with fossil remains. This will be the object of the third part of this work. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000363821700009 |
Publication Date |
2015-05-09 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0753-3969 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.113 |
Times cited |
6 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This work was conducted within a PhD work that was supported by a doctoral school grant of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. We acknowledge SOLEIL for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities (Proposals ID “20130462” and “20110189”) and we would like to thank Nicolas Trcera, Pierre Lagarde and Anne Marie Flanck for assistance in using beamline LUCIA. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.113; 2015 IF: 0.970 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:129523 |
Serial |
5462 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Ortega Saez, N.; Arno, R.; Marchetti, A.; Cauberghs, S.; Janssens, K.; Van der Snickt, G.; Al-Emam, E. |
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Title |
Towards a novel strategy for soot removal from water-soluble materials : the synergetic effect of hydrogels and cyclomethicone on gelatine emulsion-based photographs |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
78-17 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
Gels are a popular cleaning method for paper conservators and a lot of research has been done concerning gel cleaning of paper objects over the last 15 years. Despite the close interconnection between the conservation fields of paper and photographic material, research on using gels for cleaning photographs is very scarce. However, gels can provide an excellent cleaning method for photographic material. Cleaning silver gelatine prints with aqueous solvents is very complex due to the hydrophilic properties and fragility of the gelatine layer which makes mechanical cleaning difficult. The properties of gels ensure better control over the flow and evaporation of the solvent, facilitating the cleaning process. This study is the first insight into the viability of using gellan gum gel and polyvinyl acetate-borax (PVAc-borax) gel to clean contaminants from the surface of silver gelatine photographs. It is based on self-made samples that were artificially aged and contaminated with soot. Water, ethanol (EtOH), and Kodak Photo-flo were studied as solvents to remove the soot from the silver gelatine-based prints. These solvents were loaded into the aforementioned gels and applied to the samples in two different methods. These gel cleaning methods were subsequently compared with traditional cleaning methods. In addition, the usage of cyclomethicone D4 as a protective mask for the gelatine layer was studied. Measuring methods used to evaluate the cleaning were visual comparison, microscopic observation, and densitometry. ATR-FTIR measurements were also conducted to investigate potential side-effects of the cleaning methods on the prints, such as unwanted chemical transformations or the presence of gel residues after the treatments. Most of the gel cleaning methods within this study proved to be inadequate, with the exception of the gellan gum gel loaded with 30% EtOH. It was used as a granulated gel applied mechanically on a print saturated with cyclomethicone (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane D4). Cyclomethicone proved to be a very effective protective barrier for the water-sensitive gelatine layer with minimal reduction in cleaning effectiveness. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000970139500001 |
Publication Date |
2023-04-18 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.5 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.5; 2023 IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:196445 |
Serial |
8945 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Tan, H.; Tian, H.; Verbeeck, J.; Janssens, K.; Van Tendeloo, G. |
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Title |
Nanoscale investigation of the degradation mechanism of a historical chrome yellow paint by quantitative electron energy loss spectroscopy mapping of chromium species |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Chem Int Edit |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
43 |
Pages |
11360-11363 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Getting the picture: The investigation of 100 year old chrome yellow paint by transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy has led to the identification of four types of coreshell particles. This nanoscale investigation has allowed a mechanism to be proposed for the darkening of some bright yellow colors in Van Gogh's paintings (e.g. in Falling leaves (Les Alyscamps), 1888). |
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Corporate Author |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Weinheim |
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000330735800026 |
Publication Date |
2013-09-13 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1433-7851; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
11.994 |
Times cited |
29 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
Esteem2; Vortex; Countatoms; esteem2jra3 ECASJO; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 11.994; 2013 IF: 11.336 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:110947UA @ admin @ c:irua:110947 |
Serial |
2266 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Nuyts, G.; Cagno, S.; Hellemans, K.; Veronesi, G.; Cotte, M.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Study of the early stages of Mn intrusion in corroded glass by means of combined SR FTIR/\muXRF imaging and XANES spectroscopy |
Type |
P1 Proceeding |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Procedia Chemistry
T2 – Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage Conference (YOCOCU), June 18-20, 2012, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
239-247 |
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Keywords |
P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Historical glass, especially medieval glass, can undergo weathering under the influence of time and environmental conditions. The aim of this investigation was to better understand the processes involved in this natural degradation process by studying artificially altered glass samples prepared for the use of evaluation of conservation methods. Non-durable glass sensors produced by the Fraunhofer Institute (type M1.0) were used as a starting material for artificial alteration. These were immersed in acidic (pH = 0, 2, 4) and neutral solutions (1 h – 8 h). In a second stage the glass samples were immersed in a 0.5 M MnCl2 solution (24 h, 48 h and 72 h), allowing intrusion of Mn from the solution into the gel layer. The samples were characterized at different stages with reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, mu XRF mapping and mu XANES. All measurements were carried out at ESRF, beamline ID21. Reflectance FTIR spectroscopy measurements were performed in the 800 4000 cm(-1) range. Cluster analysis of the resulting maps evidenced the rapid growth of the gel layer in strong acidic conditions. The average spectra for each cluster feature show for the original glass a strong Si-O- stretching band between 900 and 1000 cm(-1), whereas the gel layer could be identified by the increasing Si-O-Si bands around 1100 and 1250 cm(-1). mu XRF maps were recorded at different stages of the experiment at energies around the Mn-K edge (6.539 keV) and with a step size of 2 by 2 m. These confirm the leaching of K+ and Ca+2 from the glass and the intrusion of Mn from the solution. Mn was found throughout the entire gel layer, but with a concentration gradient peaking at the surface. XANES point measurements were recorded at various points where Mn was present. No spatial variation was found, but linear combination fitting of the spectra with various Mn reference compounds indicated that Mn2+Mn23+O4 is the main Mn compound in the gel layer, as was hypothesised by Watkinson et al. The standard corroded glass samples studied here can be used for the evaluation of conservation treatments in follow-up experiments. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the IA-CS (Italian Association of Conservation Scientists) and University of Antwerp |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000321673900030 |
Publication Date |
2013-04-17 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
8 |
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1876-6196 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
4 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA XANES “meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. We gratefully acknowledge ESRF for granting beamtime (experiment EC873). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:109871 |
Serial |
5851 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Nuyts, G.; Cagno, S.; Jaroszewicz, J.; Wouters, H.; De Vis, K.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
High-resolution desktop microcomputed tomography for the evaluation of reducing treatments on historical glass suffering from manganese browning |
Type |
H2 Book chapter |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
201-209 |
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Keywords |
H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
Historical glass, especially non-durable mediaeval glass, can undergo corrosion. This sometimes results in the formation of dark-coloured manganese-rich inclusions or stains that reduce the transparency of the glass. A conservation treatment with reducing or chelating agents may be considered with the aim of improving the transparency. In this paper, high-resolution desktop microcomputed tomography (µCT) is used in combination with element-specific twodimensional imaging methods for in situ monitoring of manganese removal by hydroxylamine hydrochloride from an archaeological stained-glass sample suffering from manganese browning and from artificially corroded model glass samples. µCT also proved itself useful for the study of the (re-)penetration of manganese into the gel layer during artificial corrosion of a model glass. |
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Wos |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
978-90-8932-113-8 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:114604 |
Serial |
5641 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Nuyts, G.; Cagno, S.; Bugani, S.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Micro-XANES study on Mn browning: use of quantitative valence state maps |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
642-650 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Historical glass, especially non-durable medieval glass, can undergo corrosion. This sometimes results in the formation of dark-coloured manganese-rich inclusions that reduce the transparency of the glass. While unaltered bulk glass contains manganese mainly present in the +II valence state, inside the inclusions Mn is present in higher valence states (+III to +IV). Two different strategies may be considered by conservators when aiming to improve the transparency. One is based on the reduction of highly oxidised black/brown compounds using mildly reducing solutions, while the other focuses more on the extraction of manganese from the inclusions by the application of chelating agents. In this paper, a method for quantitative mapping of the Mn speciation inside partially corroded historical windowpanes based on X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy is discussed. The calibration of such Mn valence state maps based on the combo method, a fairly reliable way to determine the oxidation state, is described in more detail. This method is used to evaluate the effect of reducing treatments on historical glass, dated to the 14th century and originating from Sidney Sussex College (Cambridge, UK), suffering from Mn browning. Glasses were examined by means of Synchrotron Radiation (SR) based microscopic X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (mXANES) spectroscopy and microscopic X-Ray Fluorescence (mXRF). X-Ray elemental distribution maps of glass cross-sections are recorded at different energies, while Mn K-edge spectra are used to convert these into Mn valence state (VS) maps. Such valence state maps will allow evaluation of a reducing treatment. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000350650800009 |
Publication Date |
2015-02-23 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16) and partially by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, project number 223268/ F50. The text also presents results of Center of Excellence AGRECHEM (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO, Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0C12.13 and G.01769.09. We gratefully acknowledge ESRF for granting beamtime (experiment EC768) and the beamline scientists of ID21 for their support. The authors also want to thank Leonie Seliger of Canterbury Cathedral, UK, the Sidney Sussex College Council and Bursar Charles Larkum for providing the archaeological samples of the Franciscan Friary which are kept in store for Sidney Sussex College in Cambridge (UK). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2015 IF: 3.466 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:125476 |
Serial |
5719 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Legrand, S.; Ricciardi, P.; Nodari, L.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Non-invasive analysis of a 15th century illuminated manuscript fragment: point-based vs imaging spectroscopy |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Microchemical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
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Volume |
138 |
Issue |
138 |
Pages |
162-172 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Illuminated manuscript fragments are some of the best preserved objects of Western cultural heritage. Therefore, scholars are limited to non-invasive – often point-based – methods, to answer questions on material usage, technique, origin and previous treatments. These powerful methods yield specific information; however, the information is limited to the number of points analyzed. Imaging spectroscopies such as MA-XRF and MA-rFTIR combine specificity with the power of imaging, resulting in distribution images that are interpretable by non-spectroscopists and the public at large. In this paper the possible added value of using imaging spectroscopy is discussed. Do these methods yield the same results as an extensive point-based spectroscopic campaign and can they bring novel information? As a case study, a 15th century illuminated manuscript fragment is employed in order to explore the differences between these approaches and present an inventory of their advantages and limitations. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000428103000019 |
Publication Date |
2018-01-05 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.034 |
Times cited |
12 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors wish to thank Dr. Stella Panayotova, Keeper of Manuscripts and Printed Books at the Fitzwilliam Museum, for allowing technical analysis of the manuscript fragment, and Dr. Suzanne Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of Manuscripts and Printed Books, for crucial help in identifying the text on the reverse of the fragment and its significance. We also wish to thank Prof. Andrew Beeby and Dr. Catherine Nicholson for their complementary Raman analyses. The warm hospitality of the Hamilton Kerr Institute is also gratefully acknowledged. The Esmee Fairbairn Collections Fund and Cambridge University's Returning Carers Scheme provided funding for part of this research. SL and KJ acknowledge support from project METOX (contract BR/165/A6/MetOx), BELSPO, Brussels. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.034 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:151563 |
Serial |
5749 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Alfeld, M.; Laurenze-Landsberg, C.; Denker, A.; Janssens, K.; Noble, P. |
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Title |
Neutron activation autoradiography and scanning macro-XRF of Rembrandt van Rijn's Susanna and the Elders (Gemaldegalerie Berlin) : a comparison of two methods for imaging of historical paintings with elemental contrast |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Applied physics A : materials science & processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Phys A-Mater |
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Volume |
119 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
795-805 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Imaging methods with elemental contrast are of great value for the investigation of historical paintings, as they allow for study of sub-surface layers that provide insight into a painting's creation process. Two of the most important methods are neutron activation autoradiography (NAAR) and scanning macro-XRF (MA-XRF). Given the differences between these methods in the fundamental physical phenomena exploited, a theoretical comparison of their capabilities is difficult and until now a critical comparison of their use on the same painting is missing. In this paper, we present a study of Rembrandt van Rijn's painting Susanna and the Elders from the Gemaldegalerie in Berlin employing both techniques. The painting features a considerable number of overpainted features and a wide range of pigments with different elemental tracers, including earth pigments (Mn/Fe), Azurite (Cu), lead white (Pb), vermilion (Hg) and smalt (Co, As). MA-XRF can detect all elements above Si (Z = 14), suffers from few spectral overlaps and can be performed in a few tens of hours in situ, i.e. in a museum. NAAR requires the stay of the painting at a research facility for several weeks, and inter-element interferences can be difficult to resolve. Also, only a limited number of elements contribute to the acquired autoradiographs, most notably Mn, Cu, As, Co, Hg and P. However, NAAR provides a higher lateral resolution and is less hindered by absorption in covering layers, which makes it the only method capable of visualizing P in lower paint layers. |
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Corporate Author |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
000354189200001 |
Publication Date |
2015-04-13 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0947-8396 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.455 |
Times cited |
11 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents the results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) Project Nos. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. M. Alfeld received from 2009 to 2013 a PhD fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.455; 2015 IF: 1.704 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:126034 |
Serial |
5745 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
de Nolf, W.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
XRDUA : crystalline phase distribution maps by two-dimensional scanning and tomographic (micro) X-ray powder diffraction |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of applied crystallography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1107-1117 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Imaging of crystalline phase distributions in heterogeneous materials, either plane projected or in virtual cross sections of the object under investigation, can be achieved by scanning X-ray powder diffraction employing X-ray micro beams and X-ray-sensitive area detectors. Software exists to convert the two-dimensional powder diffraction patterns that are recorded by these detectors to one-dimensional diffractograms, which may be analysed by the broad variety of powder diffraction software developed by the crystallography community. However, employing these tools for the construction of crystalline phase distribution maps proves to be very difficult, especially when employing micro-focused X-ray beams, as most diffraction software tools have mainly been developed having structure solution in mind and are not suitable for phase imaging purposes. XRDUA has been developed to facilitate the execution of the complete sequence of data reduction and interpretation steps required to convert large sequences of powder diffraction patterns into a limited set of crystalline phase maps in an integrated fashion. |
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Wos |
000336738500031 |
Publication Date |
2014-05-28 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0021-8898 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
62 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors would like to thank the synchrotron beamline staff at ID15 (ESRF, Grenoble, France), MicroXAS (SLS, Villigen, Switzerland) and PO6/BL-L (Petra III/Hasylab, Hamburg, Germany) for accommodating the experiments presented in this paper. Support from FWO 'Big Science' project G0C1213N as well as from the BELSPO project 'S2ART' (SD/RI/04A) is acknowledged. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:117758 |
Serial |
5920 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Alfeld, M.; Siddons, D.P.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; Woll, A.; Kirkham, R.; van de Wetering, E. |
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Title |
Visualizing the 17th century underpainting in Portrait of an Old Man by Rembrandt van Rijn using synchrotron-based scanning macro-XRF |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Applied physics A : materials science & processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Phys A-Mater |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
157-164 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
In 17th century Old Master Paintings, the underpainting generally refers to the first sketch of a composition. The underpainting is applied to a prepared ground using a monochrome, brown oil paint to roughly indicate light, shade and contours. So far, methods to visualize the underpainting-other than in localized cross-sections-have been very limited. Neither infrared reflectography nor neutron induced autoradiography have proven to be practical, adequate visualization tools. Thus, although of fundamental interest in the understanding of a painting's genesis, the underpainting has virtually escaped all imaging efforts. In this contribution we will show that 17th century underpainting may consist of a highly heterogeneous mixture of pigments, including copper pigments. We suggest that this brown pigment mixture is actually the recycled left-over of a palette scraping. With copper as the heaviest exclusive elemental component, we will hence show in a case study on a Portrait of an Old Man attributed to Rembrandt van Rijn how scanning macro-XRF can be used to efficiently visualize the underpainting below the surface painting and how this information can contribute to the discussion of the painting's authenticity. |
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Wos |
000316075700019 |
Publication Date |
2012-12-14 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0947-8396 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.455 |
Times cited |
26 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was supported by the SSD programme of BELSPO, Brussels (project S2-ART). The text also presents results of GOA 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund, University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects nos. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. Further, the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 226716. M. Alfeld receives a Ph.D. fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We acknowledge the assistance of C. Ryan, CSIRO Australia, in the preparation of the elemental maps using GeoPIXE and Rene Gerritsen (http://www.renegerritsen.nl) in providing photographs, XRR and IRR of the painting. We thank Sullivan Entertainment for documenting part of this project in their TV documentary 'Out of the shadows'. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.455; 2013 IF: 1.694 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:108263 |
Serial |
5908 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Caen, J.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
The stained-glass panel depicting the anointing at Bethany : art historical research, technical analysis, and treatment |
Type |
H2 Book chapter |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
247-257 |
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Keywords |
H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
In 2008, Museum M in Louvain (Flanders, Belgium) acquired a panel depicting The Anointing at Bethany that is believed once to have adorned the citys former Charterhouse. The panel required conservation treatment, which was preceded by a thorough art-historical and technical examination. It emerged that comparable panels are kept at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Riverside Church in New York. Chemical analyses show most of the glass in the panel to have a typical 16th century high-limelow-alkali composition. The conservation treatment was based on the evaluation of these findings and focused very strongly on enhancing the aesthetic balance for an improved reading of the panel. |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
978-90-8932-113-8 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:114605 |
Serial |
5847 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
van der Snickt, G.; Miliani, C.; Janssens, K.; Brunetti, B.G.; Romani, A.; Rosi, F.; Walter, P.; Castaing, J.; de Nolf, W.; Klaassen, L.; Labarque, I.; Wittermann, R. |
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Title |
Material analyses of “Christ with singing and music-making Angels”, a late 15th-C panel painting attributed to Hans Memling and assistants : part 1 : non-invasive in situ investigations |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
2216-2229 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
In cultural heritage science, compositional data is traditionally obtained from works of art through the analysis of samples by means of various bench-top instruments (scanning electron microscope, Raman spectrometer, etc.). Alternatively, the object can be transported to a laboratory where it may be examined, usually by spectroscopic methods working in reflection mode. However, this paper describes how a complementary set of mobile and portable instruments was deployed in situ to gain a comprehensive view on the materials and related ageing compounds of an (almost) unmovable 15th-C polyptych, prior to and in preparation of the extraction of a limited number of samples. In line with the methodological approach discussed, PXRF was first employed as an efficient screening tool. The ensuing elemental data was supplemented by more specific information on both organic as inorganic materials supplied by reflection near- and mid-FTIR spectroscopy and fluorimetry. In completion, a limited number of diffraction patterns were collected with a mobile XRD instrument in order to identify the constituent crystalline phases in pigments, grounding materials and degradation products. In this way, it could be demonstrated how a rich array of colours was obtained by means of a limited palette of pigments: lead white, lead tin yellow, azurite, natural ultramarine, bone black, vermillion, madder lake, and a green copper-organo complex were detected and situated on the panels. Remarkably, next to chalk also gypsum was found in the ground layer(s) of this Western European easel painting. The relatively large surface of the background was covered with gold leaf; the analyses seem to point towards the labour-intensive water gilding technique. The versatility of this combination of analytical techniques was further illustrated by the accurate characterisation of degradation products affecting the readability and conservation of the painting: the overall presence of a calcium oxalate-based film of variable thickness was established. Nevertheless, further analysis of cross-sectioned samples was considered desirable in order to study the stratigraphy, to gain direct access to altered and sub-imposed layers and to allow highly detailed analysis of micrometric degradation products by state-of-the art techniques (i.e. synchrotron radiation). |
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Wos |
000296021800010 |
Publication Date |
2011-09-23 |
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0267-9477 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
32 |
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Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0103.04, G.0689.06 and G.0704.08. The staff of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp is acknowledged for this pleasant cooperation and the authorisation for the publication of the images in this article. Therefore, a word of gratitude to Paul Huvenne, Yolande Deckers, Stef Antonissen and Gwen Borms. In addition, the authors would like to thank the MOLAB's team operators Chiari Anselmi and Federica Presciutti. MOLAB analyses have been carried out through the support of the EU within the 6th Framework Programme (Contract Eu-ARTECH, RII3-CT-2004-506171). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:93680 |
Serial |
5705 |
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Author |
Bugani, S.; Modugno, F.; Lucejko, J.J.; Giachi, G.; Cagno, S.; Cloetens, P.; Janssens, K.; Morselli, L. |
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Title |
Study on the impregnation of archaeological waterlogged wood with consolidation treatments using synchrotron radiation microtomography |
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A1 Journal article |
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2009 |
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Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry |
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Anal Bioanal Chem |
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395 |
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7 |
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1977-1985 |
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A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
In favourable conditions of low temperature and low oxygen concentration, archaeological waterlogged wooden artefacts, such as shipwrecks, can survive with a good state of preservation. Nevertheless, anaerobic bacteria can considerably degrade waterlogged wooden objects with a significant loss in polysaccharidic components. Due to these decay processes, wood porosity and water content increase under ageing. In such conditions, the conservation treatments of archaeological wooden artefacts often involve the replacement of water with substances which fill the cavities and help to prevent collapse and stress during drying. The treatments are very often expensive and technically difficult, and their effectiveness very much depends on the chemical and physical characteristics of the substances used for impregnation. Also important are the degree of cavity-filling, penetration depth and distribution in the structure of the wood. In this study, the distribution in wood cavities of some mixtures based on polyethylene glycols and colophony, used for the conservation of waterlogged archaeological wood, was investigated using synchrotron radiation X-ray computed microtomography (SR-A mu CT). This non-destructive imaging technique was useful for the study of the degraded waterlogged wood and enabled us to visualise the morphology of the wood and the distribution of the materials used in the wood treatments. The study has shown how deposition is strictly related to the dimension of the wooden cavities. The work is currently proceeding with the comparison of synchrotron observations with the data of the solutions viscosity and with those of the properties imparted to the wood by the treatments. |
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000272017000005 |
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2009-09-16 |
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ISSN |
1618-2642 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.431 |
Times cited |
30 |
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Most recent IF: 3.431; 2009 IF: 3.480 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:94493 |
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5853 |
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