Abstract: Differential cross sections for neutron and x-ray scattering have been derived for the orientationally disordered phase of solid C60. Interaction centres are placed at nuclei and at the centres of interatomic bonds. Bragg and diffuse scattering cross sections, for single crystals and for powders, are formulated using symmetry-adapted rotator functions. Thermal averages are calculated taking account of crystal field effects. Thermally averaged orientational distribution functions have also been calculated.

Abstract: Electrical transport properties of a two-dimensional electron gas axe studied in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field B modulated weakly and periodically along one direction, B = (B + B0 cos Kx)z, with B0 much less than B, K = 2pi/a, and a being the period of the modulation. B0 is taken constant or proportional to B. The Landau levels broaden into bands and their width, proportional to the modulation strength B0, oscillates with B and gives rise to oscillations in the magnetoresistance at low B. These oscillations reflect the commensurability between the cyclotron diameter at the Fermi level and the period a and consequently hey are distinctly different from the Shubnikov-de Ha.as ones, at higher B, in period and temperature dependence. The bandwidth at the Fermi energy can be one order of magnitude larger, at low B, than that of the electric case for equal modulation strengths. The resulting magnetoresistance oscillations have a much higher amplitude than those of the electric case with which they are out of phase. Explicit asymptotic expressions are derived for the temperature dependence of the transport coefficients. The case when both electric and magnetic modulations are present is also considered. The position of the resulting oscillations depends on the ratio delta between the two modulation strengths. When the modulations are out of phase there is no shift in the position of the oscillations when delta varies and for a particular value of delta the oscillations are suppressed.

Abstract: A microscopic theory for the coupling of molecular orientations with acoustic lattice displacements is proposed. The relevant interaction is quadratic in the orientational-order-parameter variables and linear in longitudinal strains. The coupling is evaluated for a complex molecular structure. The intermolecular potential is obtained from interaction centers placed at nuclei and at the centers of interatomic bonds. The free energy is derived and the experimental consequences of the theory are studied. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation for orientational melting is obtained. The theory explains the decrease of the lattice constant at the first-order phase transition and the increase of the transition temperature with applied pressure.

Abstract: The effects of interface optical-phonon and confined slab LO-phonon modes on the polaron cyclotron-resonance frequency are investigated for a GaAs/AlAs quantum well. Using degenerate second-order perturbation theory, the polaron Landau levels are calculated and the polaron resonant region is investigated. In order to know the relative importance of the different resonant frequencies we present a full calculation of the magneto-optical absorption spectrum. At a fixed magnetic field we found four different peaks in the absorption spectrum. The relative oscillator strength of the different peaks changes with increasing magnetic field. For comparative purposes, the polaron Landau levels and cyclotron mass are also calculated using only the bulk LO-phonon modes. The influence of the finiteness of the confinement potential is investigated. We found that the interface-phonon modes influence the magnetopolaron resonance considerably near the optical-phonon frequencies for narrow wells. In the limit of zero magnetic field we recover our previous results and in the case of an infinite-barrier quantum well we are able to recover the results for a two- and three-dimensional system.

Abstract: Magnet0transport measurements in pulsed fields up to 46 T and at temperatures between 1.4 and 210 K have been performed on thin semimetallic epitaxial layers of Sc1-xErxAs buried inside insulating GaAs. A consistent description is obtained of the magnetic field dependence of the Hall resistance and the different frequencies of the Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations.

Abstract: Hot-electron transport is studied for a two-dimensional electron gas coupled to longitudinal-optical phonons in crossed electric and magnetic fields. At low electric and high magnetic fields the electrons are accumulated, while at high electric fields they are in a streaming state. We develop a streaming-to-accumulation transition model and compare the results with that from a Monte Carlo simulation.

Abstract: In the limit of strong electron-phonon coupling, we use either a Pekar-type or an oscillator wave function for the center-of-mass coordinate and either a Coulomb or an oscillator wave function for the relative coordinate, and are able to reproduce all the results from the literature for the large-bipolaron binding energy. Lower bounds are constructed for the critical ratio eta(c) of dielectric constants below which bipolarons can exist. It is found that, in the strong-coupling limit, the stability region for bipolaron formation is much larger in two dimensions (2D) than in 3D. We introduce a model that combines the averaging of the relative coordinate over the asymptotically best wave function with a path-integral treatment of the center-of-mass motion. The stability region for bipolaron formation is increased compared with the full path-integral treatment at large values of the coupling constant alpha. The critical values are alpha(c) almost-equal-to 9.3 in 3D and alpha(c) almost-equal-to 4.5 in 2D. Phase diagrams for the presented models are also obtained in both 2D and 3D.

Abstract: We investigate the influence of a periodic weak modulation along the x direction on the electrical and thermal properties of a two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. The modulation lifts the degeneracy of the Landau levels and leads to one-dimensional magnetic bands whose bandwidth oscillates as a function of the magnetic field. At weak magnetic fields this gives rise to the Weiss oscillations in the magnetoresistance, discovered recently, which have a very weakly temperature-dependent amplitude and a period proportional to square-root n(e), when n(e) is the electron density. Diffusion-current contributions, proportional to the square of the bandwidth, dominate rho(xx), and collisional contributions, varying approximately as the square of the density of states, dominate rho(yy). The result is that rho(xx) and rho(yy) oscillate out of phase as observed. Asymptotic analytical expressions are presented for the conductivity tensor. Similar oscillations, of much smaller amplitude, occur in the thermodynamic quantities, such as the magnetization, the susceptibility, and the specific heat. We also predict oscillations in the Hall resistance, the cyclotron resonance position, the linewidth, as well as in the thermal conductivity and thermopower. The components of the thermal-resistance tensor have a magnetic-field dependence similar to that of the electrical-resistivity tensor.

Abstract: Electrical transport properties of the two-dimensional electron gas are studied in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field B = Bz and of a weak one-dimensional electric (V0 cos (Kx)) or magnetic (B0 = B0 cos (Kx)z) modulation where B0 << B, K = 2-pi/a, and a is the modulation period. In either case the discrete Landau levels broaden into bands whose width: (1) is proportional to the modulation strength, (2) it oscillates with B, and (3) it gives rise to magnetoresistance oscillations, at low B, that are different in period and temperature dependence from the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) ones, at higher B. For equal energy modulation strengths, V0 = heB0/m*, the magnetic bandwidth at the Fermi energy is about one order of magnitude larger than the electric one. The same holds for the oscillation amplitude of the electrical magnetoresistivity tensor. For two-dimensional modulations the energy spectrum has the same structure but with different scales. For weak magnetic fields and equal modulation strengths the gaps in the spectrum can be much larger in the magnetic case thus making easier the observability of the spectrum's fine structure.