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	Author	Cagno, S.; Cosyns, P.; Ceglia, A.; Nys, K.; Janssens, K.
	Title	The use of vitrum obsianum in the Roman Empire: some new insights and future prospects			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Periodico di mineralogia	Abbreviated Journal	Period Mineral
	Volume	84	Issue	3a	Pages	465-482
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The research on the use of obsidian in the Mediterranean is extensive but concerns almost exclusively volcanic glass from prehistoric and Bronze Age contexts. The consumption of obsidian during the Roman imperial period, however, has only occasionally received attention. Never a comprehensive account on what the Romans made in vitrum obsianum has been set up, nor have the sources exploited by them been examined. This paper provides a concise overview of the current knowledge on obsidian during the Roman imperial period and offers an introductory outline on potential research. The ancient writers inform us about the use of volcanic glass to create exclusive vessels, gemstones, mirrors and sculpture, but also about the creation of black appearing man-made glass initiated as a cheap and easier workable substitute of obsidian. The archaeological data on the other hand propose a more complex story with the occurrence of obsidian chunks in early Roman secondary glass workshops, and the bulky use of obsidian in late Antiquity to produce tesserae for the creation of wall and vault mosaics. Because it is extremely difficult to visually distinguish natural obsidian from man-made glass imitations we present in this paper data collected by means of non-destructive chemico-physical analyses SEM-EDX, portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy to easily distinguish man-made glass from natural obsidian. In particular the use of portable instruments makes possible in situ analysis of objects in archaeological depots or museum collections to help defining distribution networks to better understand the shifting consumption patterns in Antiquity.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000365632500007	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0369-8963	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	0.883	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; Our sincere gratitude goes to Cecile Evers and Natacha Masar to have granted permission for studying and analysing various obsidian artefacts within the collections of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels (Belgium). We are also very grateful to Roald Doctor, Daniele Foy and Laudine Robin, respectively for having provided the material from Carthage, for the Sidi Jdidi tessera and Lyon. Our appreciation also goes to Ian Freestone and Andrew Meek respectively for having worked out and provided the internal report on the horse foreleg in the British Museum. Finally we wish to thank Jennifer Price, Maria Grazia Diani respectively for the information on the Stanwick fragment and the piece in the Pogliaghi-Varesse collection. This research was supported by the Hercules Foundation (Brussels) with the grant AUHA09004 and FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0C12.13 and G.01769.09 and partly by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, project number 223268/ F50. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 0.883; 2015 IF: 0.464
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:130244			Serial	5876
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	Author	Venturi, F.; Calizzi, M.; Bals, S.; Perkisas, T.; Pasquini, L.
	Title	Self-assembly of gas-phase synthesized magnesium nanoparticles on room temperature substrates			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Materials research express	Abbreviated Journal	Mater Res Express
	Volume	2	Issue	2	Pages	015007
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Magnesium nanoparticles (NPs) with initial size in the 10-50 nmrange were synthesized by inert gas condensation under helium flow and deposited on room temperature substrates. The morphology and crystal structure of the NPs ensemble were investigated as a function of the deposition time by complementary electron microscopy techniques, including high resolution imaging and chemical mapping. With increasing amount of material, strong coarsening phenomena were observed at room temperature: small NPs disappeared while large faceted NPs developed, leading to a 5-fold increase of the average NPs size within a few minutes. The extent of coarsening and the final morphology depended also on the nature of the substrate. Furthermore, large single-crystal NPs were seen to arise from the self-organization of primary NPs units, providing a mechanism for crystal growth. The dynamics of the self-assembly process involves the basic steps of NPs sticking, diffusion on substrate, coordinated rotation and attachment/coalescence. Key features are the surface energy anisotropy, reflected by the faceted shape of the NPs, and the low melting point of the material. The observed phenomena have strong implications in relation to the synthesis and stability of nanostructures based on Mg or other elements with similar features.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IOP Publishing	Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000369978500007	Publication Date	2014-12-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2053-1591	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.068	Times cited	14	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; Financial support by COST Action MP1103 'Nanostructured Materials for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage' is gratefully acknowledged. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.068; 2015 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:132275			Serial	4240
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	Author	Odin, G.P.; Vanmeert, F.; Farges, F.; Gand, G.; Janssens, K.; Romero-Sarmiento, M.-F.; Steyer, J.S.; Vantelon, D.; Rouchon, V.
	Title	Alteration of fossil-bearing shale (Autun, France; Permian), part II : monitoring artificial and natural ageing by combined use of S and Ca K-edge XANES analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and FTIR analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Annales de paléontologie	Abbreviated Journal	Ann Paleontol
	Volume	101	Issue	3	Pages	225-239
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Fossil-bearing shale specimens that include sulfides in their compositions are chemically reactive and sometimes also mechanically fragile. This decay is often related to iron sulfate efflorescence resulting from the oxidation of sulfide compounds. The processes underlying these degradations are poorly known, thus impeding the elaboration of curative or preventive treatments. The present contribution aims to identify the origin of museum specimen alterations. It focuses on the Flouest collection housed at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN, Paris, France) and originating from the Autun Basin (Saone-et-Loire, France, Permian). To evaluate the alteration of MNHN specimens, it appeared necessary to compare their composition with that of unaltered shale so as to identify chemical changes occurring during ageing. Therefore, new material was collected in the Autun Basin, among others on the locality of Muse that corresponds to the same lithostratigraphic unit as that of the MNHN specimens. This material was, if necessary, artificially aged. The first part of this work, presented elsewhere, deals with the use of Xray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy for characterizing iron reactivity and speciation. It leads to the conclusion that the reactivity of iron in the shale matrix was limited and could not account for the large efflorescence of iron (II) sulfate occurring nearby the fossil. The second part presented here focuses on the use of S K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy for characterizing sulfur speciation and reactivity. Measurements were performed on the shale matrix and on thin layers of maceral found in the proximity of damaged areas. As sulfur may be found in association with calcium or organic matter, complementary techniques were implemented, such as FTIR spectroscopy, Rock-Eval pyrolysis (characterization of organic matter content) and Ca K-edge XANES (analysis of calcium speciation) spectroscopy. It was shown that sulfur is mainly related to thioether, sulfoxide, iron sulfide, and sulfates whereas calcium is mainly bound to carboxylate, carbonate and/or sulfate groups. FTIR analysis of the macerals confirmed the presence of vitrinite on damaged MNHN specimens. The low oxygen content of new shale samples determined by Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates that the organic matter is well preserved, despite the fact that samples come from outcrop surface. In the newly collected material, sulfur is mainly related to organic sulfides (thioether) with a minor occurrence of iron sulfide. In the shale fraction of damaged MNHN specimens, sulfur is mostly oxidized into a mixture of iron and calcium sulfate. However, in the vitrinite layers of the same specimens, a large proportion of sulfur corresponds to organic sulfides. Also the oxidation of sulfur does not occur homogeneously but preferentially in the shale fraction, probably because this latter is porous whereas vitrinite is not. Artificial ageing of new shale material showed that the oxidation of organic sulfides could be reproduced at 90 degrees C, 80% of relative humidity. However, the obtained efflorescence almost exclusively corresponds to calcium sulfate whereas iron (II) sulfates are mostly observed on MNHN specimens. The new material collected on site is probably to be questioned, and future studies will have to select new samples with fossil remains. This will be the object of the third part of this work. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000363821700009	Publication Date	2015-05-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0753-3969	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.113	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was conducted within a PhD work that was supported by a doctoral school grant of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. We acknowledge SOLEIL for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities (Proposals ID “20130462” and “20110189”) and we would like to thank Nicolas Trcera, Pierre Lagarde and Anne Marie Flanck for assistance in using beamline LUCIA. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.113; 2015 IF: 0.970
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:129523			Serial	5462
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	Author	Croitoru, M.D.; Buzdin, A.I.
	Title	FFLO-wave-vector lock-in effect in quasi-1D superconductors			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal of superconductivity and novel magnetism	Abbreviated Journal	J Supercond Nov Magn
	Volume	28	Issue	28	Pages	1305-1308
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	We study the phase transition into the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in high magnetic field in quasi-one dimensional superconductors within the quasi-classical formalism, taking into account the interchain Josephson coupling and the paramagnetic spin splitting. We show that anomalies in the field-direction dependence of the upper critical field when the magnetic field length equals to the FFLO period, previously described in [29], are characterized by the lock-in effect of the FFLO modulation wave vector, which is governed by the magnetic length.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000352085700019	Publication Date	2014-12-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1557-1939;1557-1947;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.18	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; We thank D. Jerome for useful discussions. We acknowledge the support by the French ANR program “ElectroVortex” and European NanoSC COST Action MP1201. M.D.C. acknowledges the support by the BELSPO Return to Belgium Grant. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.18; 2015 IF: 0.909
	Call Number	c:irua:125540			Serial	1187
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	Author	Mahmoudi, H.; Renn, O.; Hoffmann, V.; Van Passel, S.; Azadi, H.
	Title	Social risk screening using a socio-political ambiguity approach : the case of organic agriculture in Iran			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal Of Risk Research	Abbreviated Journal	J Risk Res
	Volume	18	Issue	6	Pages	747-770
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sociology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000356236300009	Publication Date	2014-05-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1366-9877	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.34	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; H.M. thanks the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology of Iran (MSRT) for a PhD fellowship. The authors wish to thank Dr. Stefan Burkart for his kind help to improve the English of the paper. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.34; 2015 IF: 0.935
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127534			Serial	6249
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	Author	Liu, Y.-X.; Zhang, Y.-R.; Bogaerts, A.; Wang, Y.-N.
	Title	Electromagnetic effects in high-frequency large-area capacitive discharges : a review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films	Abbreviated Journal	J Vac Sci Technol A
	Volume	33	Issue	33	Pages	020801
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In traditional capacitively coupled plasmas, the discharge can be described by an electrostatic model, in which the Poisson equation is employed to determine the electrostatic electric field. However, current plasma reactors are much larger and driven at a much higher frequency. If the excitation wavelength k in the plasma becomes comparable to the electrode radius, and the plasma skin depth d becomes comparable to the electrode spacing, the electromagnetic (EM) effects will become significant and compromise the plasma uniformity. In this regime, capacitive discharges have to be described by an EM model, i.e., the full set of Maxwells equations should be solved to address the EM effects. This paper gives an overview of the theory, simulation and experiments that have recently been carried out to understand these effects, which cause major uniformity problems in plasma processing for microelectronics and flat panel display industries. Furthermore, some methods for improving the plasma uniformity are also described and compared.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	A v s amer inst physics	Place of Publication	Melville	Editor
	Language		Wos	000355739500007	Publication Date	2015-02-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0734-2101;1520-8559;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.374	Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.374; 2015 IF: 2.322
	Call Number	c:irua:123541			Serial	903
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	Author	Zhang, Y.-R.; Gao, F.; Li, X.-C.; Bogaerts, A.; Wang, Y.-N.
	Title	Fluid simulation of the bias effect in inductive/capacitive discharges			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films	Abbreviated Journal	J Vac Sci Technol A
	Volume	33	Issue	33	Pages	061303
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Computer simulations are performed for an argon inductively coupled plasma (ICP) with a capacitive radio-frequency bias power, to investigate the bias effect on the discharge mode transition and on the plasma characteristics at various ICP currents, bias voltages, and bias frequencies. When the bias frequency is fixed at 13.56 MHz and the ICP current is low, e.g., 6A, the spatiotemporal averaged plasma density increases monotonically with bias voltage, and the bias effect is already prominent at a bias voltage of 90 V. The maximum of the ionization rate moves toward the bottom electrode, which indicates clearly the discharge mode transition in inductive/capacitive discharges. At higher ICP currents, i.e., 11 and 13 A, the plasma density decreases first and then increases with bias voltage, due to the competing mechanisms between the ion acceleration power dissipation and the capacitive power deposition. At 11 A, the bias effect is still important, but it is noticeable only at higher bias voltages. At 13 A, the ionization rate is characterized by a maximum at the reactor center near the dielectric window at all selected bias voltages, which indicates that the ICP power, instead of the bias power, plays a dominant role under this condition, and no mode transition is observed. Indeed, the ratio of the bias power to the total power is lower than 0.4 over a wide range of bias voltages, i.e., 0300V. Besides the effect of ICP current, also the effect of various bias frequencies is investigated. It is found that the modulation of the bias power to the spatiotemporal distributions of the ionization rate at 2MHz is strikingly different from the behavior observed at higher bias frequencies. Furthermore, the minimum of the plasma density appears at different bias voltages, i.e., 120V at 2MHz and 90V at 27.12 MHz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000365503800020	Publication Date	2015-08-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0734-2101;1520-8559;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.374	Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.374; 2015 IF: 2.322
	Call Number	c:irua:126824			Serial	1229
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	Author	Zhang, Y.-R.; Tinck, S.; De Schepper, P.; Wang, Y.-N.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Modeling and experimental investigation of the plasma uniformity in CF₄/O₂ capacitively coupled plasmas, operating in single frequency and dual frequency regime			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films	Abbreviated Journal	J Vac Sci Technol A
	Volume	33	Issue	33	Pages	021310
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	A two-dimensional hybrid Monte Carlofluid model, incorporating a full-wave solution of Maxwell's equations, is employed to describe the behavior of high frequency (HF) and very high frequency capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs), operating both at single frequency (SF) and dual frequency (DF) in a CF4/O2 gas mixture. First, the authors investigate the plasma composition, and the simulations reveal that besides CF4 and O2, also COF2, CF3, and CO2 are important neutral species, and CF+3 and F− are the most important positive and negative ions. Second, by comparing the results of the model with and without taking into account the electromagnetic effects for a SF CCP, it is clear that the electromagnetic effects are important, both at 27 and 60 MHz, because they affect the absolute values of the calculation results and also (to some extent) the spatial profiles, which accordingly affects the uniformity in plasma processing. In order to improve the plasma radial uniformity, which is important for the etch process, a low frequency (LF) source is added to the discharge. Therefore, in the major part of the paper, the plasma uniformity is investigated for both SF and DF CCPs, operating at a HF of 27 and 60 MHz and a LF of 2 MHz. For this purpose, the authors measure the etch rates as a function of position on the wafer in a wide range of LF powers, and the authors compare them with the calculated fluxes toward the wafer of the plasma species playing a role in the etch process, to explain the trends in the measured etch rate profiles. It is found that at a HF of 60 MHz, the uniformity of the etch rate is effectively improved by adding a LF power of 2 MHz and 300 W, while its absolute value increases by about 50%, thus a high etch rate with a uniform distribution is observed under this condition.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000355739500026	Publication Date	2015-01-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0734-2101;1520-8559;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.374	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.374; 2015 IF: 2.322
	Call Number	c:irua:122650			Serial	2107
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	Author	Van de Put, M.L.; Vandenberghe, W.G.; Magnus, W.; Sorée, B.
	Title	An envelope function formalism for lattice-matched heterostructures			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Physica: B : condensed matter	Abbreviated Journal	Physica B
	Volume	470-471	Issue	470-471	Pages	69-75
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	The envelope function method traditionally employs a single basis set which, in practice, relates to a single material because the k.p matrix elements are generally only known in a particular basis. In this work, we defined a basis function transformation to alleviate this restriction. The transformation is completely described by the known inter-band momentum matrix elements. The resulting envelope function equation can solve the electronic structure in lattice matched heterostructures without resorting to boundary conditions at the interface between materials, while all unit-cell averaged observables can be calculated as with the standard envelope function formalism. In the case of two coupled bands, this heterostructure formalism is equivalent to the standard formalism while taking position dependent matrix elements. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000355149600011	Publication Date	2015-04-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-4526;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.386	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.386; 2015 IF: 1.319
	Call Number	c:irua:126397			Serial	95
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	Author	Alfeld, M.; Laurenze-Landsberg, C.; Denker, A.; Janssens, K.; Noble, P.
	Title	Neutron activation autoradiography and scanning macro-XRF of Rembrandt van Rijn's Susanna and the Elders (Gemaldegalerie Berlin) : a comparison of two methods for imaging of historical paintings with elemental contrast			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Applied physics A : materials science & processing	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys A-Mater
	Volume	119	Issue	3	Pages	795-805
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Imaging methods with elemental contrast are of great value for the investigation of historical paintings, as they allow for study of sub-surface layers that provide insight into a painting's creation process. Two of the most important methods are neutron activation autoradiography (NAAR) and scanning macro-XRF (MA-XRF). Given the differences between these methods in the fundamental physical phenomena exploited, a theoretical comparison of their capabilities is difficult and until now a critical comparison of their use on the same painting is missing. In this paper, we present a study of Rembrandt van Rijn's painting Susanna and the Elders from the Gemaldegalerie in Berlin employing both techniques. The painting features a considerable number of overpainted features and a wide range of pigments with different elemental tracers, including earth pigments (Mn/Fe), Azurite (Cu), lead white (Pb), vermilion (Hg) and smalt (Co, As). MA-XRF can detect all elements above Si (Z = 14), suffers from few spectral overlaps and can be performed in a few tens of hours in situ, i.e. in a museum. NAAR requires the stay of the painting at a research facility for several weeks, and inter-element interferences can be difficult to resolve. Also, only a limited number of elements contribute to the acquired autoradiographs, most notably Mn, Cu, As, Co, Hg and P. However, NAAR provides a higher lateral resolution and is less hindered by absorption in covering layers, which makes it the only method capable of visualizing P in lower paint layers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000354189200001	Publication Date	2015-04-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0947-8396	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.455	Times cited	11	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents the results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) Project Nos. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. M. Alfeld received from 2009 to 2013 a PhD fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.455; 2015 IF: 1.704
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:126034			Serial	5745
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	Author	Trentelman, K.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Szafran, Y.; Woollett, A.T.; Dik, J.
	Title	Rembrandt's An Old Man in Military Costume: the underlying image re-examined			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Applied physics A : materials science & processing	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys A-Mater
	Volume	121	Issue	3	Pages	801-811
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The painting An Old Man in Military Costume in the J. Paul Getty Museum, by Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn, was studied using two complementary, element-specific imaging techniques-neutron activation autoradiography (NAAR) and macro-X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) mapping-to reveal the second, hidden painting. NAAR provided a strong image of the face and cloak of the underlying figure, along with an indication of the chemical composition. The single-element distribution maps produced by MA-XRF mapping provided additional details into the shape of the underlying image and the composition of the pigments used. The underlying figure's face is richer in mercury, indicative of the pigment vermilion, than the face of the figure on the surface. Likewise, the cloak of the underlying figure is richer in copper than the surface figure though the identity of the copper-containing pigment cannot be determined from these data. The use of iron earth pigments, specifically Si-rich umbers, is indicated through the complementary information provided by the NAAR and MA-XRF maps. These data are used to create a false color digital reconstruction, yielding the most detailed representation of the underlying painting to date.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000364914100003	Publication Date	2015-08-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0947-8396	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.455	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of all those who aided in the examination of this painting over the decades, that has culminated in the work presented here. Particular thanks go to Mark Leonard (former head of Paintings Conservation at the J. Paul Getty Museum) and Henry Prask (NIST) for carrying out the NAAR analysis; John Twilley (former GCI Scientist) for early investigations; Andrea Sartorius (former JPGM Paintings intern) for creating a mock-up painting used in earlier phases of this work; Peter Reishig (former GCI intern) for compiling the NAAR data; Catherine Patterson, Lynn Lee, and David Carson (GCI Science) and Gene Karraker (JPGM Paintings Conservation) for helping with the setup and operation of the M6 Jetstream; and Giacomo Chiari (former head of GCI Science) for performing the XRD analysis. Koen Janssens and Geert van der Snickt acknowledge the Fund Inbev-Baillet Latour for financial support. Joris Dik acknowledges the help of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) in the form of a VIDI grant in the Innovational Research Incentive Scheme. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.455; 2015 IF: 1.704
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:130289			Serial	5812
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	Author	Hai, G.-Q.; Peeters, F.M.
	Title	Hamiltonian of a many-electron system with single-electron and electron-pair states in a two-dimensional periodic potential			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	European physical journal : B : condensed matter and complex systems	Abbreviated Journal	Eur Phys J B
	Volume	88	Issue	88	Pages	20
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Based on the metastable electron-pair energy band in a two-dimensional (2D) periodic potential obtained previously by Hai and Castelano [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26, 115502 (2014)], we present in this work a Hamiltonian of many electrons consisting of single electrons and electron pairs in the 2D system. The electron-pair states are metastable of energies higher than those of the single-electron states at low electron density. We assume two different scenarios for the single-electron band. When it is considered as the lowest conduction band of a crystal, we compare the obtained Hamiltonian with the phenomenological model Hamiltonian of a boson-fermion mixture proposed by Friedberg and Lee [Phys. Rev. B 40, 6745 (1989)]. Single-electron-electron-pair and electron-pair-electron-pair interaction terms appear in our Hamiltonian and the interaction potentials can be determined from the electron-electron Coulomb interactions. When we consider the single-electron band as the highest valence band of a crystal, we show that holes in this valence band are important for stabilization of the electron-pair states in the system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos	000347776800005	Publication Date	2015-01-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1434-6028;1434-6036;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.461	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by FAPESP and CNPq (Brazil). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.461; 2015 IF: 1.345
	Call Number	c:irua:125317			Serial	1406
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	Author	Vasylenko, A.A.; Misko, V.R.
	Title	Nonlinear transport of the Wigner crystal in symmetric and asymmetric FET-like structures : nonlinear transport of the Wigner crystal on superfluid He-4 in quasi-one-dimensional channels with symmetric and asymmetric constrictions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	European physical journal : B : condensed matter and complex systems	Abbreviated Journal	Eur Phys J B
	Volume	88	Issue	88	Pages	105
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	When floating on a two-dimensional surface of superfluid He-4, electrons arrange themselves in two-dimensional crystalline structure known as Wigner crystal. In channels, the boundaries interfere the crystalline order and in case of very narrow channels one observes a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) Wigner crystal formed by just a few rows of electrons and, ultimately, one row in the “quantum wire” regime. Recently, the “quantum wire” regime was accessed experimentally [D.G. Rees, H. Totsuji, K. Kono, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 176801 (2012)] resulting in unusual transport phenomena such as, e.g., oscillations in the electron conductance. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the nonlinear transport of electrons in channels with various types of constrictions: single and multiple symmetric and asymmetric geometrical constrictions with varying width and length, and saddle-point-type potentials with varying gate voltage. In particular, we analyze the average particle velocity of the particles and the corresponding electron current versus the driving force or the gate voltage. We have revealed a significant difference in the dynamics for long and short constrictions: The oscillations of the average velocity of the particles for the systems with short constrictions exhibit a clear correlation with the transitions between the states with different numbers of rows of particles; on the other hand, for the systems with longer constrictions these oscillations are suppressed. The obtained results qualitatively agree with the experimental observations. Next, we propose a FET-like structure that consists of a channel with asymmetric constrictions. We show that applying a transverse bias results either in increase of the average particle velocity or in its suppression thus allowing a flexible control tool over the electron transport. The advantage of the asymmetric FET is that it does not have a gate and it allows an easy control of relatively large electron flow. Furthermore, the asymmetric device can be used for rectification of an ac-driven electron flow. Our results bring important insights into the dynamics of electrons floating on the surface of superfluid He-4 in channels with constrictions and allow the effective control over the electron transport.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos	000353065100002	Publication Date	2015-04-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1434-6028;1434-6036;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.461	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.461; 2015 IF: 1.345
	Call Number	c:irua:125997			Serial	2359
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	Author	Berdiyorov, G.R.; Savel'ev, S.; Kusmartsev, F.V.; Peeters, F.M.
	Title	Effect of ordered array of magnetic dots on the dynamics of Josephson vortices in stacked SNS Josephson junctions under DC and AC current			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	European physical journal : B : condensed matter and complex systems	Abbreviated Journal	Eur Phys J B
	Volume	88	Issue	88	Pages	286
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	We use the anisotropic time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory to investigate the effect of a square array of out-of-plane magnetic dots on the dynamics of Josephson vortices (fluxons) in artificial stacks of superconducting-normal-superconducting (SNS) Josephson junctions in the presence of external DC and AC currents. Periodic pinning due to the magnetic dots distorts the triangular lattice of fluxons and results in the appearance of commensurability features in the current-voltage characteristics of the system. For the larger values of the magnetization, additional peaks appear in the voltage-time characteristics of the system due to the creation and annihilation of vortex-antivortex pairs. Peculiar changes in the response of the system to the applied current is found resulting in a “superradiant” vortex-flow state at large current values, where a rectangular lattice of moving vortices is formed. Synchronizing the motion of fluxons by adding a small ac component to the biasing dc current is realized. However, we found that synchronization becomes difficult for large magnetization of the dots due to the formation of vortex-antivortex pairs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos	000363960900002	Publication Date	2015-10-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1434-6028	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.461	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by EU Marie Curie (Project No. 253057). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.461; 2015 IF: 1.345
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:129509			Serial	4166
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	Author	Michel, K.H.; Costamagna; Peeters, F.M.
	Title	Theory of thermal expansion in 2D crystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Physica status solidi: B: basic research	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Status Solidi B
	Volume	252	Issue	252	Pages	2433-2437
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	The thermal expansion alpha(T) in layered crystals is of fundamental and technological interest. As suggested by I. M. Lifshitz in 1952, in thin solid films (crystalline membranes) a negative contribution to alpha(T) is due to anharmonic couplings between in-plane stretching modes and out-of-plane bending (flexural modes). Genuine in-plane anharmonicities give a positive contribution to alpha(T). The competition between these two effects can lead to a change of sign (crossover) from a negative value of alpha(T) in a temperature (T) range T <= T-alpha to a positive value of alpha(T) for T > T-alpha in layered crystals. Here, we present an analytical lattice dynamical theory of these phenomena for a two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal crystal. We start from a Hamiltonian that comprises anharmonic terms of third and fourth order in the lattice displacements. The in-plane and out-of-plane contributions to the thermal expansion are studied as functions of T for crystals of different sizes. Besides, renormalization of the flexural mode frequencies plays a crucial role in determining the crossover temperature T-alpha. Numerical examples are given for graphene where the anharmonic couplings are determined from experiments. The theory is applicable to other layer crystals wherever the anharmonic couplings are known. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos	000364690400014	Publication Date	2015-08-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0370-1972	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.674	Times cited	21	Open Access
	Notes	; We thank B. Verberck, D. Lamoen, and A. Dobry for useful comments. We acknowledge funding from the FWO (Belgium)-MINCyT (Argentina) collaborative research project. This work is supported by the Euro GRAPHENE project CONGRAN. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.674; 2015 IF: 1.489
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:130281			Serial	4264
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	Author	Matulis, A.; Zarenia, M.; Peeters, F.M.
	Title	Wave fronts and packets in 1D models of different meta-materials : graphene, left-handed media and transmission line			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Physica status solidi: B: basic research	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Status Solidi B
	Volume	252	Issue	252	Pages	2330-2338
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	A comparative study is made of the propagation of wave packets and fronts in three different meta-media, i.e. graphene, left-handed media (LHM) and transmission lines, using one-dimensional models. It is shown that a potential step in graphene influences only the frequency of the electronic wave, i.e., the particular spectrum branch (electron or hole) to which the wave belongs to, while the envelop function (the wave front or packet form) remains unchanged. Although the model for a vacuum and LHM interface is similar to that of the potential step in graphene, the solutions are quite different due to differences in the chirality of the waves. Comparing the propagation of wave fronts and packets in a standard transmission line and its meta-analog we demonstrate that the propagating packets in the meta-line are much more deformed as compared to the standard one, including broadening, asymmetry and even the appearance of fast moving precursors. This influence is seen not only in the case of packets with steep fronts but in soft Gaussian packets as well.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos	000362722300025	Publication Date	2015-07-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0370-1972	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.674	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was financially supported by the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vl), the Methusalem foundation of the Flemish government, and the European Social Fund under the Global Grant Measure (Grant No. VP1-3.1-SMM-07-K-02-046). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.674; 2015 IF: 1.489
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:128776			Serial	4277
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	Author	Neyts, E.C.
	Title	The role of ions in plasma catalytic carbon nanotube growth : a review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering	Abbreviated Journal	Front Chem Sci Eng
	Volume	9	Issue	9	Pages	154-162
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	While it is well-known that the plasma-enhanced catalytic chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offers a number of advantages over thermal CVD, the influence of the various individual contributing factors is not well understood. Especially the role of ions is unclear, since ions in plasmas are generally associated with sputtering rather than with growing a material. Even so, various studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of ion bombardment during the growth of CNTs. This review looks at the role of the ions in plasma-enhanced CNT growth as deduced from both experimental and simulation studies. Specific attention is paid to the beneficial effects of ion bombardment. Based on the available literature, it can be concluded that ions can be either beneficial or detrimental for carbon nanotube growth, depending on the exact conditions and the control over the growth process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000360319600003	Publication Date	2015-06-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2095-0179	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.712	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.712; 2015 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:127815			Serial	4239
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	Author	Ayalew, E.; Gebre, Y.; De Wael, K.
	Title	A survey of occupational exposure to inhalable wood dust among workers in small- and medium-scale wood-processing enterprises in Ethiopia			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	The annals of occupational hygiene	Abbreviated Journal	Ann Occup Hyg
	Volume	59	Issue	2	Pages	253-257
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A study of wood dust exposure in 20 small- and medium-scale wood-processing enterprises was performed in Ethiopia. Sampling was conducted daily from January to June, 2013 and a total of 360 samples from 113 workers were collected with Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) personal samplers. Eight-hour time-weighted average exposure to wood dust ranged from 0.24 to 23.3mg m−3 with a geometric mean (GM) of 6.82mg m−3 and a geometric standard deviation of 1.82. Although Ethiopia did not have any defined standard of Occupational Exposure Limit for wood dust exposure, 71% of the measurements exceeded the limit of 5mg m−3 set by the European Union (EU). Higher than the EU exposure limit was measured while workers perform sanding and sawing activities with a GM of 9.72 and 7.60mg m−3, respectively. In conclusion, wood workers in the small- and medium-scale enterprises are at a higher risk of developing different respiratory health problems with continuous exposure trends.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000352158700011	Publication Date	2014-10-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-4878	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.71	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; Eyasu Ayalew thanks the Addis Ababa University (Center for Environmental Sciences) for the personal grant for independent study. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.71; 2015 IF: 2.101
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:119739			Serial	5857
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	Author	Van Gompel, M.; Atalay, A.Y.; Gaulke, A.; Van Bael, M.K.; D'Haen, J.; Turner, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Vanacken, J.; Moshchalkov, V.V.; Wagner, P.
	Title	Morphological TEM studies and magnetoresistance analysis of sputtered Al-substituted ZnO films : the role of oxygen			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Physica status solidi : A : applications and materials science	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Status Solidi A
	Volume	212	Issue	212	Pages	1191-1201
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In this article, we report on the synthesis of thin, epitaxial films of the transparent conductive oxide Al:ZnO on (0001)-oriented synthetic sapphire substrates by DC sputtering from targets with a nominal 1 at.% Al substitution. The deposition was carried out at an unusually low substrate temperature of only 250 °C in argonoxygen mixtures as well as in pure argon. The impact of the processgas composition on the morphology was analysed by transmission electron microscopy, revealing epitaxial growth in all the cases with a minor impact of the process parameters on the resulting grain sizes. The transport properties resistivity, Hall effect and magnetoresistance were studied in the range from 10 to 300 K in DC and pulsed magnetic fields up to 45 T. While the carrier density and mobility are widely temperature independent, we identified a low fieldlow temperature regime in which the magnetoresistance shows an anomalous, negative behaviour. At higher fields and temperatures, the magnetoresistance exhibits a more conventional, positive curvature with increasing field strength. As a possible explanation, we propose carrier scattering at localised magnetic trace impurities and magnetic correlations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000356706500003	Publication Date	2015-04-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1862-6300;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	1.775	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	Methusalem project NANO; FWO; 246791 COUNTATOMS			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.775; 2015 IF: 1.616
	Call Number	c:irua:126732			Serial	2204
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	Author	Sankaran, K.; Clima, S.; Mees, M.; Pourtois, G.
	Title	Exploring alternative metals to Cu and W for interconnects applications using automated first-principles simulations			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	ECS journal of solid state science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Ecs J Solid State Sc
	Volume	4	Issue	4	Pages	N3127-N3133
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The bulk properties of elementary metals and copper based binary alloys have been investigated using automated first-principles simulations to evaluate their potential to replace copper and tungsten as interconnecting wires in the coming CMOS technology nodes. The intrinsic properties of the screened candidates based on their cohesive energy and on their electronic properties have been used as a metrics to reflect their resistivity and their sensitivity to electromigration. Using these values, the 'performances' of the alloys have been benchmarked with respect to the Cu and W ones. It turns out that for some systems, alloying Cu with another element leads to a reduced tendency to electromigration. This is however done at the expense of a decrease of the conductivity of the alloy with respect to the bulk metal. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Electrochemical society	Place of Publication	Pennington (N.J.)	Editor
	Language		Wos	000349547900018	Publication Date	2014-11-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2162-8769;2162-8777;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.787	Times cited	19	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.787; 2015 IF: 1.558
	Call Number	c:irua:125296			Serial	1150
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	Author	Mahdei, K.N.; Pouya, M.; Taheri, F.; Azadi, H.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Sustainability indicators of irans developmental plans : application of the sustainability compass theory			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Sustainability	Abbreviated Journal	Sustainability-Basel
	Volume	7	Issue	11	Pages	14647-14660
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	The main purpose of this study was to analyze Irans developmental plans in order to examine and compare their direction and conformity with the sustainable development theory via the compass of sustainability. The approach involves a content analysis used in line with qualitative research methodologies. The results indicated that, in the first developmental plans, there was no direct reference to sustainable development. In the second to fifth plans, the main focus was on the social, environmental, and economic dimensions of development; which were common elements seen in the policies of all the plans. An analysis of the fourth plan revealed that expressions related to sustainable development appeared more frequently, indicating a stronger emphasis on sustainable development by decision-makers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000369088600013	Publication Date	2015-11-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2071-1050	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.789	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors wish to thank Bethany Gardner from the Department of Linguistics, Binghamton University for her kind help in improving the English of this text. The corresponding author is a beneficiary of Fulbright scholarship at Binghamton University-State University of New York. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.789; 2015 IF: 0.942
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:129874			Serial	6256
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	Author	Dubois, M.; Hoogmartens, R.; Van Passel, S.; Van Acker, K.; Vanderreydt, I.
	Title	Innovative market-based policy instruments for waste management : a case study on shredder residues in Belgium			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Waste Management & Research	Abbreviated Journal	Waste Manage Res
	Volume	33	Issue	10	Pages	886-893
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	In an increasingly complex waste market, market-based policy instruments, such as disposal taxes, can give incentives for sustainable progress while leaving flexibility for innovation. However, implementation of disposal taxes is often criticised by domestic waste handlers that fear to be outcompeted by competitors in other countries. The article discusses three innovative market-based instruments that limit the impact on international competitiveness: Tradable recycling credits, refunded disposal taxes and differentiated disposal taxes. All three instruments have already been implemented for distinct environmental policies in Europe. In order to illustrate how these instruments can be used for waste policy, the literature review is complemented with a case study on shredder residues from metal-containing waste streams in Belgium. The analysis shows that a conventional disposal tax remains the most efficient, simple and transparent instrument. However, if international competition is a significant issue or if political support is weak, refunded and differentiated disposal taxes can have an added value as second-best instruments. Tradable recycling credits are not an appropriate instrument for use in small waste markets with market power. In addition, refunded taxes create similar incentives, but induce lower transactions costs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000361818000004	Publication Date	2015-09-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0734-242x; 1096-3669	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	1.803	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The research has been funded by the Flemish Government through the policy research centres programme. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.803; 2015 IF: 1.297
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:129876			Serial	6217
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	Author	Kelchtermans, A.; Adriaensens, P.; Slocombe, D.; Kuznetsov, V.L.; Hadermann, J.; Riskin, A.; Elen, K.; Edwards, P.P.; Hardy, A.; Van Bael, M.K.
	Title	Increasing the solubility limit for tetrahedral aluminium in ZnO:Al nanorods by variation in synthesis parameters			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal of nanomaterials	Abbreviated Journal	J Nanomater
	Volume	2015	Issue	2015	Pages	1-8
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Nanocrystalline ZnO:Al nanoparticles are suitable building blocks for transparent conductive layers. As the concentration of substitutional tetrahedral Al is an important factor for improving conductivity, here we aim to increase the fraction of substitutional Al. To this end, synthesis parameters of a solvothermal reaction yielding ZnO:Al nanorods were varied. A unique set of complementary techniques was combined to reveal the exact position of the aluminium ions in the ZnO lattice and demonstrated its importance in order to evaluate the potential of ZnO:Al nanocrystals as optimal building blocks for solution deposited transparent conductive oxide layers. Both an extension of the solvothermal reaction time and stirring during solvothermal treatment result in a higher total tetrahedral aluminium content in the ZnO lattice. However, only the longer solvothermal treatment effectively results in an increase of the substitutional positions aimed for.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000358516300001	Publication Date	2015-07-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1687-4110;1687-4129;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.871	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	FWO; Methusalem			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.871; 2015 IF: 1.644
	Call Number	c:irua:124426			Serial	1600
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	Author	Batuk, M.; Buffiere, M.; Zaghi, A.E.; Lenaers, N.; Verbist, C.; Khelifi, S.; Vleugels, J.; Meuris, M.; Hadermann, J.
	Title	Effect of the burn-out step on the microstructure of the solution-processed Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ solar cells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films	Abbreviated Journal	Thin Solid Films
	Volume	583	Issue	583	Pages	142-150
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	For the development of the photovoltaic industry cheap methods for the synthesis of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGSe) based solar cells are required. In this work, CIGSe thin films were obtained by a solution-based method using oxygen-bearing derivatives. With the aimof improving the morphology of the printed CIGSe layers, we investigated two different annealing conditions of the precursor layer, consisting of (1) a direct selenization step (reference process), and (2) a pre-treatment thermal step prior to the selenization. We showed that the use of an Air/H2S burn-out step prior to the selenization step increases the CIGSe grain size and reduces the carbon content. However, it leads to the reduction of the solar cell efficiency from 4.5% in the reference sample down to 0.5% in the annealed sample. Detailed transmission electron microscopy analysis, including high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray mapping, was applied to characterize the microstructure of the film and to determine the relationship between microstructure and the solar cell performance. We demonstrated that the relatively low efficiency of the reference solar cells is related not only to the nanosize of the CIGSe grains and presence of the pores in the CIGSe layer, but also to the high amount of secondary phases, namely, In/Ga oxide (or hydroxide) amorphous matter, residuals of organicmatter (carbon), and copper sulfide that is formed at the CIGSe/MoSe2 interface. The annealing in H2S during the burn-out step leads to the formation of the copper sulfide at all grain boundaries and surfaces in the CIGSe layer, which results in the noticeably efficiency drop. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000353812400024	Publication Date	2015-04-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0040-6090;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.879	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.879; 2015 IF: 1.759
	Call Number	c:irua:126009			Serial	845
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	Author	Samani, M.K.; Ding, X.Z.; Khosravian, N.; Amin-Ahmadi, B.; Yi, Y.; Chen, G.; Neyts, E.C.; Bogaerts, A.; Tay, B.K.
	Title	Thermal conductivity of titanium nitride/titanium aluminum nitride multilayer coatings deposited by lateral rotating cathode arc			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films	Abbreviated Journal	Thin Solid Films
	Volume	578	Issue	578	Pages	133-138
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	A seriesof [TiN/TiAlN]nmultilayer coatingswith different bilayer numbers n=5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 were deposited on stainless steel substrate AISI 304 by a lateral rotating cathode arc technique in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. The composition and microstructure of the coatings have been analyzed by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). XRD analysis shows that the preferential orientation growth along the (111) direction is reduced in the multilayer coatings. TEM analysis reveals that the grain size of the coatings decreases with increasing bilayer number. HRTEMimaging of the multilayer coatings shows a high density misfit dislocation between the TiN and TiAlN layers. The cross-plane thermal conductivity of the coatings was measured by a pulsed photothermal reflectance technique. With increasing bilayer number, the multilayer coatings' thermal conductivity decreases gradually. This reduction of thermal conductivity can be ascribed to increased phonon scattering due to the disruption of columnar structure, reduced preferential orientation, decreased grain size of the coatings and present misfit dislocations at the interfaces.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000351686500019	Publication Date	2015-02-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0040-6090;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.879	Times cited	41	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.879; 2015 IF: 1.759
	Call Number	c:irua:125517			Serial	3626
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	Author	Forsh, E.A.; Abakumov, A.M.; Zaytsev, V.B.; Konstantinova, E.A.; Forsh, P.A.; Rumyantseva, M.N.; Gaskov, A.M.; Kashkarov, P.K.
	Title	Optical and photoelectrical properties of nanocrystalline indium oxide with small grains			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films	Abbreviated Journal	Thin Solid Films
	Volume	595	Issue	595	Pages	25-31
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Optical properties, spectral dependence of photoconductivity and photoconductivity decay in nanocrystalline indium oxide In2O3 are studied. A number of nanostructured In2O3 samples with various nanocrystals size are prepared by sol-gel method and characterized using various techniques. The mean nanocrystals size varies from 7 to 8 nm to 39-41 nm depending on the preparation conditions. Structural characterization of the In2O3 samples is performed by means of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The combined analysis of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows that nanostructuring leads to the change in optical band gap: optical band gap of the In2O3 samples (with an average nanocrystal size from 7 to 41 nm) is equal to 2.8 eV. We find out the correlation between spectral dependence of photoconductivity and optical properties of nanocrystalline In2O3: sharp increase in photoconductivity was observed to begin at 2.8 eV that is equal to the optical bandgap in the In2O3 samples, and reached its maximum at 3.2-3.3 eV. The combined analysis of the slow photoconductivity decay in air, vacuum and argon, that was accurately fitted by a stretched-exponential function, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements shows that the kinetics of photoconductivity decay is strongly depended on the presence of oxygen molecules in the ambient of In2O3 nanocrystals. There is the quantitative correlation between EPR and photoconductivity data. Based on the obtained data we propose the model clearing up the phenomenon of permanent photoconductivity decay in nanocrystalline In2O3. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000365812400005	Publication Date	2015-10-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0040-6090	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.879	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.879; 2015 IF: 1.759
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:130254			Serial	4219
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	Author	Oueslati, S.; Brammertz, G.; Buffiere, M.; ElAnzeery, H.; Touayar, O.; Koeble, C.; Bekaert, J.; Meuris, M.; Poortmans, J.
	Title	Physical and electrical characterization of high-performance Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ based thin film solar cells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films	Abbreviated Journal	Thin Solid Films
	Volume	582	Issue	582	Pages	224-228
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	We report on the electrical, optical and physical properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells using an absorber layer fabricated by selenization of sputtered Cu, Zn and Cu10Sn90 multilayers. A maximum active-area conversion efficiency of 10.4% under AM1.5G was measured with a maximum short circuit current density of 39.7 mA/cm(2), an open circuit voltage of 394 mV and a fill factor of 66.4%. We perform electrical and optical characterization using photoluminescence spectroscopy, external quantum efficiency, current-voltage and admittance versus temperature measurements in order to derive information about possible causes for the low open circuit voltage values observed. The main defects derived from these measurements are strong potential fluctuations in the absorber layer as well as a potential barrier of the order of 133 meV at the back side contact. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000352225900048	Publication Date	2014-10-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0040-6090	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.879	Times cited	49	Open Access
	Notes	; We would like to acknowledge Tom De Geyter, Greetje Godiers, and Guido Huyberechts from Flamac in Gent for sputtering of the metal layers. AGC is acknowledged for providing substrates. This research is partially funded by the Flemish government, Department Economy, Science and Innovation. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.879; 2015 IF: 1.759
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:132504			Serial	4225
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	Author	Gjorgievska, E.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Nicholson, J.W.; Coleman, N.J.; Slipper, I.J.; Booth, S.
	Title	The incorporation of nanoparticles into conventional glass-ionomer dental restorative cements			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	21	Issue	21	Pages	392-406
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Conventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) are popular restorative materials, but their use is limited by their relatively low mechanical strength. This paper reports an attempt to improve these materials by incorporation of 10 wt% of three different types of nanoparticles, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium dioxide, into two commercial GICs (ChemFil((R)) Rock and EQUIA (TM) Fil). The results indicate that the nanoparticles readily dispersed into the cement matrix by hand mixing and reduced the porosity of set cements by filling the empty spaces between the glass particles. Both cements showed no significant difference in compressive strength with added alumina, and ChemFil((R)) Rock also showed no significant difference with zirconia. By contrast, ChemFil((R)) Rock showed significantly higher compressive strength with added titania, and EQUIA (TM) Fil showed significantly higher compressive strength with both zirconia and titania. Fewer air voids were observed in all nanoparticle-containing cements and this, in turn, reduced the development of cracks within the matrix of the cements. These changes in microstructure provide a likely reason for the observed increases in compressive strength, and overall the addition of nanoparticles appears to be a promising strategy for improving the physical properties of GICs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000353514700014	Publication Date	2015-02-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2015 IF: 1.877
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:132523			Serial	4194
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	Author	Papageorgiou, D.G.; Filippousi, M.; Pavlidou, E.; Chrissafis, K.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bikiaris, D.
	Title	Effect of clay modification on structureproperty relationships and thermal degradation kinetics of \beta-polypropylene/clay composite materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry	Abbreviated Journal	J Therm Anal Calorim
	Volume	122	Issue	122	Pages	393-406
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The influence of neat and organically modified montmorillonite on the structureproperty relationships of a β-nucleated polypropylene matrix has been thoroughly investigated. High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed that the organic modification of clay facilitated the dispersion of the clay, while X-ray diffractograms showed the α-nucleating effect of the clays on the β-nucleated matrix. The results from tensile tests showed that the organic modification of MMT affected profoundly only the tensile strength at yield and at break. The effect of the organic modification of the clay on the thermal stability of the composites was finally evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, where the samples filled with oMMT decomposed faster than the ones filled with neat MMT, due to the decomposition of the organic salts that were initially used for the modification of MMT. A kinetics study of the thermal degradation of the composites was also performed, in order to export additional conclusions on the activation energy of the samples.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	S.l.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000361431200042	Publication Date	2015-04-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1388-6150;1588-2926;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.953	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	262348 Esmi			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.953; 2015 IF: 2.042
	Call Number	c:irua:127492			Serial	805
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	Author	Zhang, L.-F.; Covaci, L.; Peeters, F.M.
	Title	Position-dependent effect of non-magnetic impurities on superconducting properties of nanowires			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Europhysics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Epl-Europhys Lett
	Volume	109	Issue	109	Pages	17010
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Anderson's theorem states that non-magnetic impurities do not change the bulk properties of conventional superconductors. However, as the dimensionality is reduced, the effect of impurities becomes more significant. Here we investigate superconducting nanowires with diameter comparable to the Fermi wavelength $\lambda_F$ (which is less than the superconducting coherence length) by using a microscopic description based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes method. We find that: 1) impurities strongly affect the superconducting properties, 2) the effect is impurity position dependent, and 3) it exhibits opposite behavior for resonant and off-resonant wire widths. We show that this is due to the interplay between the shape resonances of the order parameter and the subband energy spectrum induced by the lateral quantum confinement. These effects can be used to manipulate the Josephson current, filter electrons by subband and investigate the symmetries of the superconducting subband gaps.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Paris	Editor
	Language		Wos	000348592100029	Publication Date	2015-01-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0295-5075	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.957	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vlaanderen) and the Methusalem funding of the Flemish Government. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.957; 2015 IF: 2.095
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:128424			Serial	4227
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