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Author Godoi, R.H.M.; Goncalves, S.J., Jr.; Sayama, C.; Polezer, G.; Reis Neto, J.M.; Alfoldy, B.; Van Grieken, R.; Riedi, C.A.; Yamamoto, C.I.; Godoi, A.F.L.; Bencs, L. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Health implications of atmospheric aerosols from asbestos-bearing road pavements traditionally used in Southern Brazil Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Environmental Science and Pollution Research T2 – 1st International Caparica Conference on Pollutant Toxic Ions and, Molecules (PTIM), 2015, Caparica, PORTUGAL Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 23 Issue 24 Pages 25180-25190  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Serpentine and amphibole asbestos occur naturally in certain geologic settings worldwide, most commonly in association with ultramafic rocks, along associated faults. Ultramafic rocks have been used in Pin County, Southern Brazil for decades for the purpose of road paving in rural and urban areas, but without the awareness of their adverse environmental and health impact. The aim of this study was the chemical characterization of aerosols re-suspended in two rural roads of Pin, paved with ultramafic rocks and to estimate the pulmonary deposition of asbestos aerosols. Bulk aerosol samples were analyzed by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis, in order to characterize elemental composition and crystallinity. Single-particle compositions of aerosols were analyzed by computer-controlled electron-probe microanalysis, indicating the presence of a few percentages of serpentine and amphibole. Given the chemical composition and size distribution of aerosol particles, the deposition efficiency of chrysotile, a sub-group of serpentine, in two principal segments of the human respiratory system was estimated using a lung deposition model. As an important finding, almost half of the inhaled particles were calculated to be deposited in the respiratory system. Asbestos depositions were significant (similar to 25 %) in the lower airways, even though the selected breathing conditions (rest situation, nose breathing) implied the lowest rate of respiratory deposition. Considering the fraction of inhalable suspended chrysotile near local roads, and the long-term exposure of humans to these aerosols, chrysotile may represent a hazard, regarding more frequent development of lung cancer in the population of the exposed region.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000389301700060 Publication Date 2016-09-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0944-1344; 1614-7499 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:139232 Serial 8018  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author 't Hart, L.; Storme, P.; Anaf, W.; Nuyts, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Dorriné, W.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K.; Schalm, O. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Monitoring the impact of the indoor air quality on silver cultural heritage objects using passive and continuous corrosion rate assessments Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Applied physics A : materials science & processing Abbreviated Journal Appl Phys A-Mater  
  Volume 122 Issue 10 Pages 923-10  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract There is a long tradition in evaluating industrial atmospheres by measuring the corrosion rate of exposed metal coupons. The heritage community also uses this method, but the interpretation of the corrosion rate often lacks clarity due to the low corrosivity in indoor museum environments. This investigation explores the possibilities and drawbacks of different silver corrosion rate assessments. The corrosion rate is determined by three approaches: (1) chemical characterization of metal coupons using analytical techniques such as electrochemical measurements, SEM-EDX, XRD, and µ-Raman spectroscopy, (2) continuous corrosion monitoring methods based on electrical resistivity loss of a corroding nm-sized metal wire and weight gain of a corroding silver coated quartz crystal, and (3) characterization of the visual degradation of the metal coupons. This study confirms that subtle differences in corrosivity between locations inside a museum can be determined on condition that the same corrosion rate assessment is used. However, the impact of the coupon orientation with respect to the prevailing direction of air circulation can be substantially larger than the impact of the coupon location.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000384753800053 Publication Date 2016-09-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0947-8396 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.455 Times cited 3 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research has been sponsored by the Belgian Federal Public Planning Service Science Policy (BELSPO) under Project Number BR/132/A6/AIRCHECQ. In this project an innovative monitoring kit is developed that continuously and simultaneously measures both environmental parameters and material behaviour, enabling the study of the cause-effect relationships. The Quanta 250 FEG microscope at the University of Antwerp was funded by the Hercules foundation of the Flemish Government. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.455  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:135511 Serial 5733  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Martins, A.; Coddington, J.; van der Snickt, G.; van Driel, B.; McGlinchey, C.; Dahlberg, D.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J. doi  openurl
  Title Jackson Pollock's Number 1A, 1948 : a non-invasive study using macro-x-ray fluorescence mapping (MA-XRF) and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) analysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Heritage science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue Pages 33  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Jackson Pollock's Number 1A, 1948 painting was investigated using in situ scanning macro-x-ray fluorescence mapping (MA-XRF) to help characterize the artist's materials and his creative process. A multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) approach was used to examine the hyperspectral data and obtain distribution maps and signature spectra for the paints he used. The composition of the paints was elucidated based on the chemical elements identified in the signature spectra and a tentative list of pigments, fillers and other additives is proposed for eleven different paints and for the canvas. The paint distribution maps were used to virtually reconstruct the artist process and document the sequence and manner in which Pollock applied the different paints, using deliberate and specific gestures.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000386395100001 Publication Date 2016-09-07  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2050-7445 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:138172 Serial 8134  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hamidi-Asl, E.; Dardenne, F.; Pilehvar, S.; Blust, R.; De Wael, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Unique properties of core shell Ag@Au nanoparticles for the aptasensing of bacterial cells Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Chemosensors Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 16  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In this article, it is shown that the efficiency of an electrochemical aptasensing device is influenced by the use of different nanoparticles (NPs) such as gold nanoparticles (Au), silver nanoparticles (Ag), hollow gold nanospheres (HGN), hollow silver nanospheres (HSN), silvergold core shell (Ag@Au), goldsilver core shell (Au@Ag), and silvergold alloy nanoparticles (Ag/Au). Among these nanomaterials, Ag@Au core shell NPs are advantageous for aptasensing applications because the core improves the physical properties and the shell provides chemical stability and biocompatibility for the immobilization of aptamers. Self-assembly of the NPs on a cysteamine film at the surface of a carbon paste electrode is followed by the immobilization of thiolated aptamers at these nanoframes. The nanostructured (Ag@Au) aptadevice for Escherichia coli as a target shows four times better performance in comparison to the response obtained at an aptamer modified planar gold electrode. A comparison with other (core shell) NPs is performed by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Also, the selectivity of the aptasensor is investigated using other kinds of bacteria. The synthesized NPs and the morphology of the modified electrode are characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000382480000006 Publication Date 2016-08-29  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2227-9040 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 9 Open Access  
  Notes ; Ezat Hamidi-Asl was financially supported by Belspo (University of Antwerp). The authors are thankful to Femke De Croock for her technical support and to Stanislav Trashin for his worthwhile comments on the manuscript. ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:135411 Serial 5886  
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Author Lachmann, T.; van der Snickt, G.; Haschke, M.; Mantouvalou, I. doi  openurl
  Title Combined 1D, 2D and 3D micro-XRF techniques for the analysis of illuminated manuscripts Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 31 Issue 10 Pages 1989-1997  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The combination of several micro-XRF analysis modes is presented for the investigation of an illuminated parchment manuscript. With a commercial instrument, conventional micro-XRF spot analysis (0D) and mapping (2D) are performed, yielding detailed lateral elemental information. Depth resolution becomes accessible by mounting an additional polycapillary lens in front of an SDD detector. Quantitative confocal depth profiles (1D) are presented as well as the full separation of the front and the backside decorations with the help of fast 3D mappings of specific areas. Only through the use of these multidimensional modes can elemental information be assigned both to lateral and depth positions, making the analysis of such heterogeneous samples feasible.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000385362200004 Publication Date 2016-08-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:144755 Serial 7679  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Vermeulen, M.; Nuyts, G.; Sanyova, J.; Vila, A.; Buti, D.; Suuronen, J.-P.; Janssens, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Visualization of As(III) and As(V) distributions in degraded paint micro-samples from Baroque- and Rococo-era paintings Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal J Anal Atom Spectrom  
  Volume 31 Issue 9 Pages 1913-1921  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Orpiment and realgar, both arsenic sulfide pigments respectively used for their vivid yellow and red-orange hues, are two of many artists' pigments that appear not to be stable upon light exposure, quickly degrading to arsenic trioxide and arsenate. This often results in whitening or transparency in the painted surfaces. While conventional techniques such as microscopic Raman (mu-RS) and microscopic Fourier transform infrared (mu-FTIR) spectroscopies can allow a quick and relatively easy identification of the orpiment, realgar, artificial arsenic sulfide glass and, to some extent, arsenic oxide, the identification and visualization of distributions of the degradation products – and especially arsenate compounds – in the paint micro-samples is generally more challenging. This challenge is due to the rather unfavorable limit of detection and low spectral resolution of such conventional spectroscopic techniques. This restricts the conclusions that can be drawn regarding the conservation state of valuable works of art. In this paper, we present how synchrotron radiation (SR) based techniques can overcome this challenge while working on painting cross-sections taken from a 17th-century painting by the Flemish artist Daniel Seghers (oil on canvas, Statens Museum for Kunst, Denmark) and an 18th-century French Chinoiserie (private collection, France). SR micro-X-ray fluorescence (m-XRF) mapping analysis performed on a visually degraded orpiment-containing paint stratigraphy reveals that arsenic is distributed throughout the entire cross-section, while X-ray absorption near edge structure (mu-XANES) demonstrated that the arsenic is present in both arsenite (As-III) and arsenate (As-V) forms. The latter compound(s), despite being barely identifiable by means of FTIR, were not only located at the surface of large and partially altered grains of arsenic sulfide but also spread throughout the entire paint stratigraphy. Their presence and distribution are attributed either to the complete degradation of smaller arsenic sulfide grains or to migration of the arsenates within the paint layer away from their original location of formation. The combination of mu-XRF and mu-XANES was very useful for the characterization of the advanced degradation state of the arsenic-containing pigments in paint systems; this type of information could not be obtained by means of conventional spectroscopic methods of microanalysis.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000382071200017 Publication Date 2016-08-01  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.379 Times cited 20 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research is made possible with the support of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) through the research program Science for a Sustainable Development – SDD, “Long-term role and fate of metal-sulfides in painted works of art – S2ART” (SD/RI/04A). The CATS gratefully acknowledge VILLUM FONDEN and VELUX FONDEN for infra-structural financial support as well as Anne Haack Christensen, Hannah Tempest and Johanne M. Nielsen for their help and suggestions. The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is acknowledged for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.379  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:135691 Serial 5907  
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Author Pauwels, D.; Pilehvar, S.; Geboes, B.; Hubin, A.; De Wael, K.; Breugelmans, T. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title A new multisine-based impedimetric aptasensing platform Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Electrochemistry communications Abbreviated Journal Electrochem Commun  
  Volume 71 Issue Pages 23-27  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)  
  Abstract In this work an aptamer-based biosensor is combined with a multisine electrochemical impedance spectroscopy sensing methodology into a novel and promising biosensing strategy. Employing a multisine instead of a traditional single sine measuring method allows the detection and quantification of parameters that provide information about the accuracy and reliability of the results, such as noise and distortions. This does not only lead to a shorter measurement time, but it also enables an easy and fast evaluation of the quality of the data and fitting, leading to more accurate results.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000383445000006 Publication Date 2016-07-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1388-2481; 1873-1902 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.396 Times cited 1 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.396  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:134765 Serial 5746  
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Author Castanheiro, A.; Samson, R.; De Wael, K. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Magnetic- and particle-based techniques to investigate metal deposition on urban green Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal Sci Total Environ  
  Volume 571 Issue Pages 594-602  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Urban green works as a recorder of atmospheric PM. This paper reports on the utility of combining magnetic- and particle-based techniques to investigate PM leaf deposition as a bio-indicator of metal pollution. Ivy (Hedera helix) leaves were collected from five different land use classes, i.e. forest, rural, roadside, industrial, train. Leaf magnetic measurements were done in terms of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (leaf SIRM), while ca. 40,000 leaf-deposited particles were analyzed through SEM/EDX to estimate the elemental composition. The influence of the different land use classes was registered both magnetically and in terms of metal content. Leaf area-normalized SIRM values ranged from 19.9 to 444.0 μA, in the following order forest < rural < roadside < industrial < train. Leaf SIRM showed to be significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with the content in Fe, Zn, and Pb, followed by Mn and Cd (p < 0.05), while no significant correlation was found with the metals Cr and Cu. Although presenting a similar metal content, roadside and train were magnetically very distinct. By exhibiting a very high content in Pb, and with an Fe content being comparable to the one observed at the forest and rural land uses, the industrial leaf-deposited particles showed to be mainly due to industrial activity. While SEM/EDX is a suitable approach for detailed particle analysis, leaf SIRM of ivy can be used as a rapid discriminatory tool for metal pollution. Their complementary use delivers further knowledge on land use classes reflecting different PM conditions and/or sources.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000383930400059 Publication Date 2016-07-16  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.9 Times cited 17 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by a PhD grant of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). The authors thank W. Dorrine for his help and supervision on operating the SEM, and G. Nuyts and K Wuyts for their valuable comments on data treatment The authors also acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.9  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:134845 Serial 5703  
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Author Trashin, S.; De Jong, M.; Luyckx, E.; Dewilde, S.; De Wael, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Electrochemical evidence for neuroglobin activity on NO at physiological concentrations Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Journal of biological chemistry Abbreviated Journal J Biol Chem  
  Volume 291 Issue 36 Pages 18959-18966  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The true function of neuroglobin (Ngb) and, particularly, human Ngb (NGB) has been under debate since its discovery 15 years ago. It has been expected to play a role in oxygen binding/supply, but a variety of other functions have been put forward, including NO dioxygenase activity. However, in vitro studies that could unravel these potential roles have been hampered by the lack of an Ngb-specific reductase. In this work, we used electrochemical measurements to investigate the role of an intermittent internal disulfide bridge in determining NO oxidation kinetics at physiological NO concentrations. The use of a polarized electrode to efficiently interconvert the ferric (Fe3+) and ferrous (Fe2+) forms of an immobilized NGB showed that the disulfide bridge both defines the kinetics of NO dioxygenase activity and regulates appearance of the free ferrous deoxy-NGB, which is the redox active form of the protein in contrast to oxy-NGB. Our studies further identified a role for the distal histidine, interacting with the hexacoordinated iron atom of the heme, in oxidation kinetics. These findings may be relevant in vivo, for example in blocking apoptosis by reduction of ferric cytochrome c, and gentle tuning of NO concentration in the tissues.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000383242300031 Publication Date 2016-07-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-9258; 1083-351x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.125 Times cited 11 Open Access  
  Notes ; This work was supported by Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) Grant G.0687.13 and Universiteit Antwerpen GOA BOF 28312. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article. ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.125  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:134340 Serial 5590  
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Author Thirumalraj, alamurugan; Palanisamy, S.; Chen, S.-M.; De Wael, K. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title A graphene/gelatin composite material for the entrapment of hemoglobin for bioelectrochemical sensing applications Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Journal of the electrochemical society Abbreviated Journal J Electrochem Soc  
  Volume 163 Issue 7 Pages 265-271  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In the present work, a novel graphene (GN) and gelatin (GTN) composite was prepared and used as an immobilization matrix for hemoglobin (Hb). Compared with Hb immobilized on a bare, GN or GTN modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE), a stable and pair of well-defined quasi redox couple was observed at an Hb modified GN/GTN composite GCE at a formal potential of −0.306 V versus Ag|AgCl. The direct electrochemical behavior of Hb was greatly enhanced by the presence of both GTN and GN. A heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (Ks) was calculated as 3.82 s−1 for Hb immobilized at GN/GTN modified GCE, which indicates the fast direct electron transfer of Hb toward the electrode surface. The biosensor shows a stable and wide linear response for H2O2 in the linear response range from 0.1 μM to 786.6 μM with an analytical sensitivity and limit of detection of 0.48 μAμM−1 cm−2 and 0.04 μM, respectively. The fabricated biosensor holds its high selectivity in the presence of potentially active interfering species and metal ions. The biosensor shows its satisfactory practical ability in the commercial contact lens solution and human serum samples.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000377412900047 Publication Date 2016-04-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0013-4651 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.259 Times cited 9 Open Access  
  Notes ; This project was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (project no. NSC1012113M027001MY3), Taiwan (Republic of China). The authors express their sincere thanks to Prof. Bih-Show Lou, Chemistry Division, Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan for providing the human serum samples. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.259  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:132627 Serial 5635  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Schalm, O.; Anaf, W. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Laminated altered layers in historical glass : density variations of silica nanoparticle random packings as explanation for the observed lamellae Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Journal of non-crystalline solids Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 442 Issue Pages 1-16  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract One of the most striking but unexplained phenomena in the natural degradation of glass is the transformation of an almost colorless, transparent and homogeneous glass into a colored, opaque and heterogeneous degradation layer. In many cases, the degradation layer consists of numerous lamellae with a thickness between 0.1 and 10 pm. However, both internal structure and formation proess of laminated degradation layers remain unclear. In this paper, a model is proposed where we assume that transformed (degraded) glass consists of a random packing of nano-sized silica particles while the lamellae are the result of different packing densities. The model is able to connect the texture of numerous lamellae observed by several types of microscopic techniques with the structure at molecular level determined by means of chemical analysis. In addition, the model is able to explain numerous properties such as the parameters responsible for the contrast between lamellae. This contrast can be caused by differences in color, density, elemental composition, or surface roughness. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000375809800001 Publication Date 2016-04-05  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-3093 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:133634 Serial 8146  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Trashin, S.; De Jong, M.; Meynen, V.; Dewilde, S.; De Wael, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Attaching redox proteins onto electrode surfaces by bis-silane Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication ChemElectroChem Abbreviated Journal Chemelectrochem  
  Volume 3 Issue 7 Pages 1035-1038  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Immobilization of redox proteins on electrode surfaces is of special interest for mechanistic studies and applications because of a well-controlled redox state of protein molecules by a polarized electrode and fast electron transfer kinetics, free from diffusion limitation. Here, bis-organosilane (1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane) was applied as a fresh solution in a pH 7 phosphate buffer without use of any organic solvent, sol-gel or mesoporous bulk matrix. A short aging period of 30 minutes before deposition on the electrodes was optimal for the immobilization of proteins. Three redox proteins (cytochrome c, neuroglobin and GLB-12) were confined to the gold surface of electrodes with high coverages and stability, indicating that the suggested technique is simple, efficient and generic in nature.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000380043500001 Publication Date 2016-03-09  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2196-0216 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.136 Times cited 4 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors thank the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO) (Grant G.0687.13) and the GOA-BOF UA 2013-2016 (project ID 28312) for funding. ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.136  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:132628 Serial 5485  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Janssens, K.; Legrand, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Vanmeert, F. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Virtual archaeology of altered paintings : multiscale chemical imaging tools Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Elements Abbreviated Journal Elements  
  Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 39-44  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Understanding how painted works of art were constructed, layer-by-layer, requires a range of macroscopic and microscopic X-ray and infrared-based analytical methods. Deconstructing complex assemblies of paints horizontally across a picture and vertically through it provides insight into the detailed production process of the art work and on the painting techniques and styles of its maker. The unwanted chemical transformations that some paint pigments undergo are also detectable; these changes can alter the paint's optical properties. Understanding the chemistry behind such paint degradation gives conservators vital clues to counter these effects and is an invaluable asset in protecting these cultural artefacts for future generations.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000370987700007 Publication Date 2016-02-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1811-5209 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.038 Times cited 12 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.038  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:132301 Serial 5904  
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Author Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Alfeld, M.; Noble, P.; van Loon, A.; Delaney, J.; Conover, D.; Zeibel, J.; Dik, J. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Rembrandt's 'Saul and David' (c. 1652) : use of multiple types of smalt evidenced by means of non-destructive imaging Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Microchemical journal Abbreviated Journal Microchem J  
  Volume 126 Issue Pages 515-523  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The painting Saul and David, considered to date from c. 1652 and previously attributed to Rembrandt van Rijn and/or his studio, is a complex work of art that has been recently subjected to intensive investigation and conservation treatment. The goal of the research was to give insight into the painting's physical construction and condition in preparation for conservation treatment. It was also anticipated that analysis would shed light on authenticity questions and Rembrandt's role in the creation of the painting. The painting depicts the Old Testament figures of King Saul and David. At left is Saul, seated, holding a spear and wiping a tear from his eye with a curtain. David kneels before him at the right playing his harp. In the past, the large sections with the life-size figures were cut apart and later reassembled. A third piece of canvas was added to replace a missing piece of canvas above the head of David. As part of the investigation into the authenticity of the curtain area, a number of paint micro samples were examined with LM and SEM-EDX. Given that the earth, smalt and lake pigments used in the painting could not be imaged with traditional imaging techniques, the entire painting was also examined with state of the art non-destructive imaging techniques. Special attention was devoted to the presence of cobalt-containing materials, specifically the blue glass pigment smalt considered characteristic for the late Rembrandt. A combination of quantitative electron microprobe analysis and macroscopic X-ray fluorescence scanning revealed that three types of cobalt-containing materials are present in the painting. The first type is a cobalt drier that was found in the overpaint used to cover up the canvas inset and the joins that were added in the 19th century. The other two Co-containing materials are part of the original paint used by Rembrandt and comprise two varieties of smalt, a K-rich glass pigment that derives its gray-blue color by doping with Co-ions. Smalt paint with a higher Ni content (NiO:CoO ratio of around 1:4) was used to depict the blue stripes in Saul's colorful turban, while smalt with a lower Ni content was employed (NiO:CoO ratio of around 1:5) for the broad expanses of Saul's garments. The presence of two types of smalt not only supports the recent re-attribution of the painting to Rembrandt, but also that the picture was painted in two phases. Saul's dark red garment is painted in a rough, “loose” manner and the now discolored smalt-rich layer was found to have been partially removed during a past restoration treatment/s. In contrast, the blue-green smalt in the turban is much better preserved and provides a colorful accent. While the use of different types of smalt in a Rembrandt painting has been previously identified using quantitative EDX analysis of paint cross-sections, to the best of our knowledge this is the first time such a distinction has been observed in a 17th-century painting using non-destructive imaging techniques. In addition to the XRF-based non-invasive elemental mapping, hyperspectral imaging in the visual to near-infrared (VNIR) region was also carried out. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000373647500063 Publication Date 2016-01-29  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 18 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research is part of the ReVisualising late Rembrandt: Developing and Applying New Imaging Techniques research project, supported by the Science4Arts research program of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO, The Hague, NL, ReVisRembrandt project) and the National Science Foundation (NSF, Washington DC, USA, award 1041827). We would like to thank colleagues of the Mauritshuis (The Hague, NL) and the Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency (RCE) in Rijswijk, NL for their support and assistance during the scanning of the Saul and David painting. The GOA project “SOLARPAINT” (University of Antwerp) and the Fund Baillet Latour (Brussels, B) are acknowledged for financial support to GvdS and KJ. We also like to acknowledge the help of Eliza Longhini and Stijn Legrand during some of the XRF scanning stages. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:133258 Serial 5813  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author van der Snickt, G.; Martins, A.; Delaney, J.; Janssens, K.; Zeibel, J.; Duffy, M.; McGlinchey, C.; Van Driel, B.; Dik, J. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Exploring a hidden painting below the surface of Rene Magritte's Le Portrait Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Applied spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal Appl Spectrosc  
  Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 57-67  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Two state-of-the-art methods for non-invasive visualization of subsurface (or overpainted) pictorial layers present in painted works of art are employed to study Le portrait, painted by Belgian artist Rene Magritte in 1935. X-ray radiography, a commonly used method for the nondestructive inspection of paintings, had revealed the presence of an underlying figurative composition, part of an earlier Magritte painting entitled La pose enchantee (1927) which originally depicted two full length nude female figures with exaggerated facial features. On the one hand, macroscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis (MA-XRF), a method capable of providing information on the distribution of the key chemical elements present in many artists' pigments, was employed. The ability of the X-rays to penetrate the upper layer of paint enabled the imaging of the facial features of the female figure and provided information on Magritte's palette for both surface and hidden composition. On the other hand, visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging spectroscopies in transmission mode were also used, especially in the area of the table cloth in order to look through the upper representation and reveal the pictorial layer(s) below. MA-XRF provided elemental information on the pigment distributions in both the final painting and the prior whereas the transmission mode provided information related to preparatory sketches as well as revealing differences between the paints used in both compositions. These results illustrate very well the manner in which the two imaging methods complement each other, both in the sense of providing different types of information on the nature and presence of paint components/pigments and in the sense of being optimally suited to easily penetrate through different types of overpaint.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000368604500007 Publication Date 2016-01-27  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-7028 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.529 Times cited 13 Open Access  
  Notes ; GvdS and KJ acknowledge the support of the Fund Inbev-Baillet Latour. JKD acknowledges support from the Andrew Mellon Foundation and the National Science Foundation. BvD and JD acknowledge support from The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.529  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:131544 Serial 5620  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Van Vlierberghe, S. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Crosslinking strategies for porous gelatin scaffolds Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Journal of materials science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 51 Issue 9 Pages 4349-4357  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The present work reports on the application and the evaluation of a multitude of crosslinking approaches including high-energy irradiation, redox-initiating systems and conventional carbodiimide-coupling chemistry for frozen and/or freeze-dried porous gelatin scaffolds. The latter is particularly relevant for a plethora of biomedical applications such as tissue engineering supports, wound dressings, adhesive and absorbent pads for surgery, etc. Moreover, the results obtained for gelatin can be considered a proof-of-concept to be extrapolated to other polymer systems containing double bonds and/or amines and carboxylic acids to also realize scaffold crosslinking in dry or frozen state. The results showed that high-energy irradiation at -5 A degrees C enabled sufficient segmental mobility to induce chemical crosslinking after performing a cryogenic treatment of methacrylamide-modified gelatin scaffolds. Alternatively, although several redox-initiating systems were unable to chemically crosslink functionalized gelatin, the combination of ammonium persulphate and TEMED resulted in the formation of scaffolds with a reasonable gel fraction. Interestingly, carbodiimide-coupling was found suitable to crosslink freeze-dried gelatin matrices.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000370342100016 Publication Date 2016-01-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-2461 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:132277 Serial 7742  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Pauwels, D.; Hereijgers, J.; Verhulst, K.; De Wael, K.; Breugelmans, T. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Investigation of the electrosynthetic pathway of the aldol condensation of acetone Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Chemical engineering journal Abbreviated Journal Chem Eng J  
  Volume 289 Issue Pages 554-561  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)  
  Abstract The potential-controlled electrochemical aldol condensation of acetone to diacetone alcohol in a standard batch electrolysis set-up was studied in this work. It is confirmed that the reaction proceeds at the cathode and that, contrary to what is mentioned in earlier literature, water in the electrolyte has a disadvantageous effect on the reaction. Similar to the chemical reaction, the electrochemical reaction reaches a maximum yield when the equilibrium is reached. Separating the anode and cathode prevents cross-over and degradation of products, leading to a higher yield. Starting with pure acetone and support electrolyte, it was possible to obtain a diacetone alcohol concentration of 15 m% after two hours electrolysis in a divided set-up with a platinum electrode at -2.5 V. The concentration gradient throughout the electrolysis follows an exponential curve up to its equilibrium concentration.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000371559900061 Publication Date 2016-01-13  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1385-8947; 1873-3212 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 6.216 Times cited 6 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.216  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:130396 Serial 5675  
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Author De Jong, M.; Sleegers, N.; Kim, J.; Van Durme, F.; Samyn, N.; Wang, J.; De Wael, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Electrochemical fingerprint of street samples for fast on-site screening of cocaine in seized drug powders Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Chemical science Abbreviated Journal Chem Sci  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-7  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract We report on a wearable fingertip sensor for on-the-spot identification of cocaine and its cutting agents in street samples. Traditionally, on-site screening is performed by means of colour tests which are difficult to interpret and lack selectivity. By presenting the distinct voltammetric response of cocaine, cutting agents, binary mixtures of cocaine and street samples in solution and powder street samples, we were able to elucidate the electrochemical fingerprint of all these compounds. The new electrochemical concept holds considerable promise as an on-site screening method.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000371021900094 Publication Date 2016-01-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2041-6520 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 8.668 Times cited 37 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors acknowledge BELSPO for funding the APTADRU project (BR/314/PI/ APTADRU). ; Approved Most recent IF: 8.668  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:130404 Serial 5591  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ayalew, E.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Unraveling the reactivity of minium towards bicarbonate and the role of lead oxides therein Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 88 Issue 3 Pages 1564-1569  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Understanding the reactivity of (semiconductor) pigments provides vital information on how to improve conservation strategies for works of art in order to avoid rapid degradation of the pigments. This study focuses on the photoactivity of minium (Pb3O4), a semiconductor pigment, that gives rise to strong discoloration phenomena upon exposure to various environmental conditions. To demonstrate its photoactivity, an electrochemical setup with minium-modified graphite electrode (C|Pb3O4) was used. It is confirmed that minium is a p-type semiconductor which is photoactive during illumination and becomes inactive in the dark. Raman measurements confirm the formation of the degradation products. The photoactivity of a semiconductor pigment is partly defined by the presence of lead oxide (PbO) impurities; these introduce new states in the original band gap. It will be experi-mentally evidenced that the presence of PbO particles in minium leads to an upward shift of the valence band that reduces the band gap. Thus, upon photoexcitation, the electron/hole separation is more easily initialized. The PbO/Pb3O4 composite electrodes demonstrate a higher reductive photocurrent compared to the photocurrent registered at pure PbO or Pb3O4 modified electrodes. Upon exposure to light with energy close to and above the band gap, electrons are excited from the valence band to the conduction band to initialize the reduction of Pb(IV) to Pb(II), resulting in the initial formation of PbO. However in the presence of bicarbonate ions, a significantly higher photoreduction current is recorded since the PbO reacts further to form hydrocerussite. Therefore the presence of bicarbonates in the environment stimulates the photodecomposition process of minium and plays an important role in the degradation process.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000369471100014 Publication Date 2015-12-31  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 9 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors acknowledge Sanne Aerts from the Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis (LADCA) of the University of Antwerp for her help with the UV-vis-DR. Financial support from the SOLARPAINT BOF-GOA project (University of Antwerp Research Council) is acknowledged. The authors are also indebted to F. Vanmeert for performing the XRD measurements. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:129963 Serial 5888  
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Author Van de Walle, E.; Van Nieuwenhove, I.; Vanderleyden, E.; Declercq, H.; Gellynck, K.; Schaubroeck, D.; Ottevaere, H.; Thienpont, H.; De Vos, W.H.; Cornelissen, M.; Van Vlierberghe, S.; Dubruel, P. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Polydopamine-gelatin as universal cell-interactive coating for methacrylate-based medical device packaging materials : when surface chemistry overrules substrate bulk properties Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Biomacromolecules Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 56-68  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Despite its widespread application in the fields of ophthalmology, orthopedics and dentistry and the stringent need for polymer packagings that induce in vivo tissue integration, the full potential of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and its derivatives as medical device packaging material has not been explored yet. We therefore elaborated on the development of a universal coating for methacrylate-based materials which ideally should reveal cell-interactivity irrespective of the polymer substrate bulk properties. Within this perspective, the present work reports on the UV-induced synthesis of PMMA and its more flexible poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG)-based derivative (PMMAPEG) and its subsequent surface decoration using polydopamine (PDA) as well as PDA combined with gelatin B (Gel B). Successful application of both layers was confirmed by multiple surface characterization techniques. The cell interactivity of the materials was studied by performing live-dead assays and immunostainings of the cytoskeletal components of fibroblasts. It can be concluded that only the combination of PDA and Gel B yields materials posessing similar cell interactivities, irrespective of the physicochemical properties of the underlying substrate. The proposed coating outperforms both the PDA functionalized and the pristine polymer surfaces. A universal cell-interactive coating for methacrylate-based medical device packaging materials has thus been realized.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000368047800007 Publication Date 2015-11-15  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1525-7797 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:129159 Serial 8393  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ricciardi, P.; Legrand, S.; Bertolotti, G.; Janssens, K. doi  openurl
  Title Macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning of illuminated manuscript fragments: potentialities and challenges Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Microchemical journal T2 – TECHNART Conference, APR 27-30, 2015, Catania, ITALY Abbreviated Journal Microchem J  
  Volume 124 Issue Pages 785-791  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF) is gradually becoming an established technique for the non-invasive analytical investigation of painted surfaces. This paper discusses some of the benefits and limitations of employing MA-XRF for the study of manuscript illuminations. Art historical research on this type of artefacts that is based on scientific measurements is often limited by the fact that usually no sampling can take place. Hence there is a need for non-invasive analytical tools that make it possible to conduct systematic investigations. As a representative example of this type of objects, a 15th century Italian manuscript fragment from the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge (UK) is investigated. The aims of the study were to gain insight into the materials and techniques employed by Renaissance illuminators and to help answer specific questions regarding the fragment's authorship and geographic origin. The complementarity and advantages of MA-XRF mapping versus site-specific analyses are discussed. For this purpose, MA-XRF data are evaluated and compared with the results of other analytical techniques. The interpretation of the elemental maps is discussed along with the challenges faced during the analysis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000367755600096 Publication Date 2015-10-27  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 24 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:144767 Serial 5698  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Caen, J.; Vanmeert, F.; Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Chemical imaging of stained-glass windows by means of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Microchemical journal Abbreviated Journal Microchem J  
  Volume 124 Issue Pages 615-622  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract Since the recent development of a mobile setup, MA-XRF scanning proved a valuable tool for the non-invasive, technical study of paintings. In this work, the applicability of MA-XRF scanning for investigating stained-glass windows inside a conservation studio is assessed by analysis of a high-profile, well-studied late-mediaeval panel. Although accurate quantification of components is not feasible with this analytical imaging technique, plotting the detected intensities of K versus Ca in a scatter plot allowed distinguishing glass fragments of different compositional types within the same panel. In particular, clusters in the Ca/K correlation plot revealed the presence of two subtypes of potash glass and three subtypes of high lime low alkali glass. MA-XRF results proved consistent with previous quantitative SEM-EDX analysis on two samples and analytical-based theories on glass production in the Low Countries formulated in literature. A bi-plot of the intensities of the more energetic Rb-K versus Sr-K emission lines yielded a similar glass type differentiation and is here presented as suitable alternative in case the Ca/K signal ratio is affected by superimposed weathering crusts. Apart from identification of the chromophores responsible for the green, blue and red glass colors, contrasting the associated elemental distribution maps obtained on the exterior and interior side of the glass permitted discriminating between colored pot metal glass and multi-layered flashed glass as well. Finally, the benefit of obtaining compositional information from the entire surface, as opposed to point analysis, was illustrated by the discovery of what appears to be a green cobalt glass a feature that was previously missed on this well-studied stained-glass window, both by connoisseurs and spectroscopic sample analysis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000367755600074 Publication Date 2015-10-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 22 Open Access  
  Notes ; The staff of the Museums of the City of Bruges, i.e. Director Till-Holger Borchert and Deputy Curator Kristel Van Audenaeren, are acknowledged for this pleasant collaboration and the authorization for the publication of the images in this article. This research was supported by the InBev-Baillet Latour fund. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:131100 Serial 5514  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Cotte, M.; Sorace, L.; Vanmeert, F.; Brunetti, B.G.; Miliani, C. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Chromium speciation methods and infrared spectroscopy for studying the chemical reactivity of lead chromate-based pigments in oil medium Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Microchemical journal T2 – TECHNART Conference, APR 27-30, 2015, Catania, ITALY Abbreviated Journal Microchem J  
  Volume 124 Issue Pages 272-282  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Environmental factors, such as light, humidity and temperature are triggering agents for the alteration of organic and/or inorganic constituents of oil paintings. The oxidation of the organic material is favored by increasing of relative humidity and temperature, whereas processes involving changes of the oxidation states of a number of inorganic pigments (e.g., vermilion, cadmium yellows, zinc yellows, chrome yellows) are mainly activated by light-exposure. In view of the optimization of the long-term conservation and restoration strategies of paintings it is of relevant interest to establish the consequences of thermal parameters (temperature and relative humidity) on the chemical/photochemical-reactivity and the nature of the alteration products of light sensitive-pigments in oil medium. To this aim here we propose a multi-method analytical approach based on the combination of diffuse reflectance UV-Vis, FTIR, synchrotron radiation (SR)-based micro X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF)/micro-X-ray absorption neat edge structure ()CANES) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies for studying the effects of different relative humidity conditions before and after light exposure on the reactivity of a series of lead chromate-based pigments [such as PbCrO4 center dot PbO (monoclinic), PbCrO4 (monoclinic) and PbCr0.2S0.8O4 (orthorhombic)] in an oil medium. The investigation of paint models was also compared to that of a late 19th century historical orthorhombic PbCr0.4S0.6O4 oil paint. Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopies were used to obtain information associated with chromatic changes and the formation of organo-metal degradation products at the paint surface. SR-based Cr K-edge mu-XANES/mu-XRF mapping analysis and EPR spectroscopy were employed in a complementary fashion to determine the amount, nature and distribution of Cr(III) and Cr(V)-based alteration compounds within the paints with micrometric spatial resolution. Under the employed thermal aging conditions, lead(II)-carboxylates and reduced Cr-compounds (in abundance of up to about 35% at the surface) have been identified in the lead chromate-based paints. The tendency of chromates to become reduced increased with increasing moisture levels and was favored for the orthorhombic PbCr0.2S0.8O4 compounds. The redox process gave rise to the formation of Cr(V)-species in relative amount much higher than that was formed in the equivalent paint which was exposed only to light. After light-exposure of the thermally aged paints, compounds ascribable to the oxidation of the organic binder were detected for all the types of pigments. Nevertheless, the previous thermal treatment increased the tendency toward photo-reduction of only the PbCr0.2S0.8O4 pigment. For this light-sensitive compound, the thickness variation of the reduced Cr-rich (ca. 70%) photo-alteration layer with moisture levels could be ascribed to a surface passivation phenomenon that had already occurred before photochemical aging. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000367755600042 Publication Date 2015-09-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 23 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:131099 Serial 5519  
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Author Rahemi, V.; Trashin, S.; Meynen, V.; De Wael, K. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title An adhesive conducting electrode material based on commercial mesoporous titanium dioxide as a support for Horseradish peroxidase for bioelectrochemical applications Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Talanta  
  Volume 146 Issue Pages 689-693  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract An adhesive conducting electrode material containing of graphite, biocompatible ion exchange polymer nafion® and commercial mesoporous TiO2 impregnated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is prepared and characterized by amperometric, UVvis and N2 sorption methods. The factors influencing the performance of the resulting biosensor are studied in detail. The optimal electrode material consists of 45% graphite, 50% impregnated HRPTiO2 and 5% nafion®. The optimum conditions for H2O2 reduction are an applied potential of 0.3 V and 0.1 mM hydroquinone. Sensitivity and limit of detection in the optimum conditions are 1 A M−1 cm−2 and 1 µM correspondingly. The N2 sorption results show that the pore volume of TiO2 decreases sharply upon adsorption of HRP. The preparation process of the proposed enzyme electrode is straightforward and potentially can be used for preparation of carbon paste electrodes for bioelectrochemical detections.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000363815600093 Publication Date 2015-06-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0039-9140; 1873-3573 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.162 Times cited 7 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors thank the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders (FWO) (Grant G.0687.13), the GOA-BOF UA 2013-2016 (project-ID 28312) for funding and Ward Huybrechts of the University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis (LADCA) for help with the N<INF>2</INF> sorption. ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.162  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:126495 Serial 5458  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Pilehvar, S.; Gielkens, K.; Trashin, S.A.; Dardenne, F.; Blust, R.; De Wael, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (Electro)sensing of phenicol antibiotics : a review Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Critical reviews in food science and nutrition Abbreviated Journal Crit Rev Food Sci  
  Volume 56 Issue 14 Pages 2416-2429  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The presence of residues from frequent antibiotic use in animal feed can cause serious health risks by contaminating products for human consumption such as meat and milk. The present article gives an overview of the electrochemical methods developed for the detection of phenicol antibiotic residues (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol) in different kinds of foodstuffs. Electrochemical sensors based on different biomolecules and nanomaterials are described. The detection limit of various developed methods with their advantages and disadvantage will be highlighted.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000382757200015 Publication Date 2015-04-02  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1040-8398 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 6.077 Times cited 13 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors are highly thankful for the University of Antwerp Grants (DOCPRO/ IWS). ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.077  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:125663 Serial 5585  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Van Hommes, M.E.; Lambour, R.; Du Mortier, B.M.; De Winkel, M.; Tauber, G.; Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J. openurl 
  Title The hidden youth of Dirck Jacobsz leeuw : a portrait by Govert Flinck revealed Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication The Rijksmuseum bulletin Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 4-61  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1877-8127 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:133250 Serial 5873  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Pilehvar, S. openurl 
  Title Development of new strategies for electrochemical aptasensing Type Doctoral thesis
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 198 p.  
  Keywords Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:133790 Serial 7802  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Cardinali, M.; De Ruggieri, M.B.; Leone, G.; Prohaska, W.; Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K. openurl 
  Title The rediscovered portrait of Prospero Farinacci by Caravaggio Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2016 Publication Artibus et historiae : an art anthology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 73 Pages 249-284  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Caravaggio's early production as a portrait painter is still the subject of research and a fount of enigmas. Despite the numerous citations in documents, only rarely have these been linked unequivocally to paintings known to date. This is also the case with the `portrait of Farinaccio criminalist painted on a head-size canvas believed to be by Michelangelo from Caravaggio', that was listed in the 1638 inventory of the Marquis Giustiniani and with `the speaker wearing a robe, painted by Caravaggio' on a head-size canvas, owned in 1652 by Caterina Campani, Onorio Longhi's wife. The present multidisciplinary research examines the rediscovery of the portrait of Prospero Farinacci by Caravaggio. The painting, undisclosed until now, hides an underlying female portrait. The authors investigate both compositions from a technical, iconographical and critical point of view, supporting Caravaggio's attribution. The technical researches allow cross-validation in the brushwork and materials of the picture, compared to Caravaggio's early painting technique and style. The portrait of Maffeo Barberini, recently re-ascribed to Caravaggio, shows a significant similarity, while the underlying woman of the retrieved painting closely resembles the gipsy of the Louvre Fortune Teller. In addition, a newly introduced and advanced imaging technique (MaXRF) has detected on the male portrait the feature of the lawyer's robe, which supports the identification with Prospero Farinacci. The intriguing topic of physiognomic accuracy versus stylizing tendency in Caravaggio's portraiture is considered with the aid of Giulio Mancini's observations. Besides, the possible interpretation of the underlying figure as a religious subject sheds a light on the obscure activity of the young Caravaggio in Lorenzo Carli's workshop, recently brought to scholars' attention by new documents and hypotheses.  
  Address  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0391-9064 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:152697 Serial 5875  
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Author De Henau, S.; Tilleman, L.; Vangheel, M.; Luyckx, E.; Trashin, S.; Pauwels, M.; Germani, F.; Vlaeminck, C.; Vanfleteren, J.R.; Bert, W.; Pesce, A.; Nardini, M.; Bolognesi, M.; De Wael, K.; Moens, L.; Dewilde, S.; Braeckman, B.P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title A redox signalling globin is essential for reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2015 Publication Nature communications Abbreviated Journal Nat Commun  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages 8782  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Moderate levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now recognized as redox signalling molecules. However, thus far, only mitochondria and NADPH oxidases have been identified as cellular sources of ROS in signalling. Here we identify a globin (GLB-12) that produces superoxide, a type of ROS, which serves as an essential signal for reproduction in C. elegans. We find that GLB-12 has an important role in the regulation of multiple aspects in germline development, including germ cell apoptosis. We further describe how GLB-12 displays specific molecular, biochemical and structural properties that allow this globin to act as a superoxide generator. In addition, both an intra- and extracellular superoxide dismutase act as key partners of GLB-12 to create a transmembrane redox signal. Our results show that a globin can function as a driving factor in redox signalling, and how this signal is regulated at the subcellular level by multiple control layers.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000367577100002 Publication Date 2015-12-01  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2041-1723 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 12.124 Times cited 20 Open Access  
  Notes ; We thank Dr K. Matsumoto and Dr T. Mizuno for kindly providing the mek-1(ks54) sek-1(km4) double mutant, the antibody anti-PMK-1 and technical advice on antibody use; Dr D. Kim for kindly providing the pDK177 RNAi strain; Dr M. Ubbink and Dr Q. Bashir for providing CCP; Dr K. Oegema and the OD lab for sharing technical expertise; M. Couvreur for assistance in generating transgenic lines; and Dr T. Dansen for the final support. Some strains were provided by the CGC, which is funded by the NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440). S.D.H. and F.G. are PhD fellows of the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO). Financial support to S.D. and L.M. was provided by the University of Antwerp (BOF UA TOP 2006), to K.D.W., S.D. and S.T. by the University of Antwerp (BOF-GOA) and to S.D., L.M., B.P.B., by FWO project G.0247.09. ; Approved Most recent IF: 12.124; 2015 IF: 11.470  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:129310 Serial 5809  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Pilehvar, S.; De Wael, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors based on fullerene-C60 nano-structured platforms Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2015 Publication Biosensors Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages 712-735  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Nanotechnology is becoming increasingly important in the field of (bio)sensors. The performance and sensitivity of biosensors is greatly improved with the integration of nanomaterials into their construction. Since its first discovery, fullerene-C60 has been the object of extensive research. Its unique and favorable characteristics of easy chemical modification, conductivity, and electrochemical properties has led to its tremendous use in (bio)sensor applications. This paper provides a concise review of advances in fullerene-C60 research and its use as a nanomaterial for the development of biosensors. We examine the research work reported in the literature on the synthesis, functionalization, approaches to nanostructuring electrodes with fullerene, and outline some of the exciting applications in the field of (bio)sensing.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 2015-11-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2079-6374 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:129157 Serial 5805  
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