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	Author	Parrilla, M.; Sena-Torralba, A.; Steijlen, A.; Morais, S.; Maquieira, Á.; De Wael, K.
	Title	A 3D-printed hollow microneedle-based electrochemical sensing device for in situ plant health monitoring			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2024	Publication	Biosensors and bioelectronics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	251	Issue		Pages	116131-116139
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Plant health monitoring is devised as a new concept to elucidate in situ physiological processes. The need for increased food production to nourish the growing global population is inconsistent with the dramatic impact of climate change, which hinders crop health and exacerbates plant stress. In this context, wearable sensors play a crucial role in assessing plant stress. Herein, we present a low-cost 3D-printed hollow microneedle array (HMA) patch as a sampling device coupled with biosensors based on screen-printing technology, leading to affordable analysis of biomarkers in the plant fluid of a leaf. First, a refinement of the 3D-printing method showed a tip diameter of 25.9 ± 3.7 μm with a side hole diameter on the microneedle of 228.2 ± 18.6 μm using an affordable 3D printer (<500 EUR). Notably, the HMA patch withstanded the forces exerted by thumb pressing (i.e. 20-40 N). Subsequently, the holes of the HMA enabled the fluid extraction tested in vitro and in vivo in plant leaves (i.e. 13.5 ± 1.1 μL). A paper-based sampling strategy adapted to the HMA allowed the collection of plant fluid. Finally, integrating the sampling device onto biosensors facilitated the in situ electrochemical analysis of plant health biomarkers (i.e. H2O2, glucose, and pH) and the electrochemical profiling of plants in five plant species. Overall, this electrochemical platform advances precise and versatile sensors for plant health monitoring. The wearable device can potentially improve precision farming practices, addressing the critical need for sustainable and resilient agriculture in changing environmental conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2024-02-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0956-5663	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:203204			Serial	8998
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Echelpoel, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Voltammetric drug testing makes sense at the border			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2024	Publication	Nature Reviews Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-2
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	The European BorderSens project leverages voltammetric sensors, developed with end-users' input, to rapidly and accurately detect illicit drugs. By embracing practicalities and validation, this technology has the potential to combat the illicit drug problem.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001142000900001	Publication Date	2024-01-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2397-3358	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:202646			Serial	9112
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Steijlen, A.S.M.; Parrilla, M.; Van Echelpoel, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Dual microfluidic sensor system for enriched electrochemical profiling and identification of illicit drugs on-site			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2024	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	96	Issue	1	Pages	590-598
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Electrochemical sensors have emerged as a new analytical tool for illicit drug detection to facilitate ultrafast and accurate identification of suspicious compounds on-site. Drugs of abuse can be identified using their unique voltammetric fingerprint at a given pH. Today, the right buffer solution is manually selected based on drug appearance, and in some cases, a consecutive analysis in two different pH solutions is required. In this work, we present a disposable microfluidic multichannel sensor system that automatically records fingerprints in two pH solutions (e.g., pH 5 and pH 12). This system has two advantages. It will overcome the manual selection of a buffer solution at the right pH, decrease analysis time, and minimize the risk of human errors. Second, the combination of two fingerprints, the superfingerprint, contains more detailed information about the samples, which enhances the selectivity of the analytical technique. First, real-time pH measurements proved that the sample can be brought to the desired pH within a minute. Subsequently, an electrochemical study on the microfluidic platform with 1 mM illicit drug standards of MDMA, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine showed that the characteristic voltammetric fingerprints and peak potentials are reproducible, also in the presence of common cutting agents. Finally, the microfluidic concept was validated with real confiscated samples, showing promising results for the user-friendly identification of drugs of abuse. In short, this paper presents a successful proof-of-concept study of a multichannel microfluidic sensor system to enrich the fingerprints of illicit drugs at pH 5 and pH 12, thus providing a low-cost, portable, and rapid identification system of illicit drugs with minimal user intervention.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001139443500001	Publication Date	2023-12-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:201877			Serial	9024
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Daems, E.; Bassini, S.; Mariën, L.; Op de Beeck, H.; Stratulat, A.; Zwaenepoel, K.; Vandamme, T.; op de Beeck, K.; Koljenovic, S.; Peeters, M.; Van Camp, G.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Singlet oxygen-based photoelectrochemical detection of single-point mutations in the KRAS oncogene			Type	University Hospital Antwerp
	Year	2023	Publication	Biosensors and bioelectronics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	249	Issue		Pages	115957-7
	Keywords	University Hospital Antwerp; A1 Journal article; Center for Oncological Research (CORE); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab); Medical Genetics (MEDGEN)
	Abstract	Single nucleotide point mutations in the KRAS oncogene occur frequently in human cancers, rendering them intriguing targets for diagnosis, early detection and personalized treatment. Current detection methods are based on polymerase chain reaction, sometimes combined with next-generation sequencing, which can be expensive, complex and have limited availability. Here, we propose a novel singlet oxygen (1O2)-based photoelectrochemical detection methodology for single-point mutations, using KRAS mutations as a case study. This detection method combines the use of a sandwich assay, magnetic beads and robust chemical photosensitizers, that need only air and light to produce 1O2, to ensure high specificity and sensitivity. We demonstrate that hybridization of the sandwich hybrid at high temperatures enables discrimination between mutated and wild-type sequences with a detection rate of up to 93.9%. Additionally, the presence of background DNA sequences derived from human cell-line DNA, not containing the mutation of interest, did not result in a signal, highlighting the specificity of the methodology. A limit of detection as low as 112 pM (1.25 ng/mL) was achieved without employing any amplification techniques. The developed 1O2-based photoelectrochemical methodology exhibits unique features, including rapidity, ease of use, and affordability, highlighting its immense potential in the field of nucleic acid-based diagnostics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2023-12-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0956-5663	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:201875			Serial	9092
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Deconinck, E.; Polet, M.A.; Canfyn, M.; Duchateau, C.; De Braekeleer, K.; Van Echelpoel, R.; De Wael, K.; Gremeaux, L.; Degreef, M.; Balcaen, M.
	Title	Evaluation of an electrochemical sensor and comparison with spectroscopic approaches as used today in practice for harm reduction in a festival setting: a case study : analysis of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine samples			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Drug testing and analysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-13
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	More and more countries and organisations emphasise the value of harm reduction measures in the context of illicit drug use and abuse. One of these measures is drug checking, a preventive action that can represent a quick win by tailored consultation on the risks of substance use upon analytical screening of a submitted sample. Unlike drop-in centres that operate within a fixed setting, enabling drug checking in a harm reduction context at events requires portable, easy to use analytical approaches, operated by personnel with limited knowledge of analytical chemistry. In this case study, four different approaches were compared for the characterisation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine samples and this in the way the approaches would be applied today in an event context. The four approaches are mid-infrared (MIR), near-infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, which are today used in drug checking context in Belgium, as well as an electrochemical sensor approach initially developed in the context of law enforcement at ports. The MIR and the electrochemical approach came out best, with the latter allowing for a direct straightforward analysis of the percentage 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (as base equivalent) in the samples. However, MIR has the advantage that, in a broader drug checking context, it allows to screen for several molecules and so is able to identify unexpected active components or at least the group to which such components belong. The latter is also an important advantage in the context of the growing emergence of new psychotropic substances. MIR, NIR, Raman spectroscopy, and an electrochemical sensor (Narcoreader (R)) for MDMA analysis were compared in a realistic harm reduction context. NIR and Raman failed in simple library approaches. MIR and Narcoreader (R) were preferred. MIR came out as first choice. MIR and Narcoreader (R) have complementary (dis)advantages and could be used in a two-step approach: MIR for screening and Narcoreader (R) for dosage/risk evaluation of MDMA samples.image
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001122493700001	Publication Date	2023-12-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1942-7603; 1942-7611	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:202047			Serial	9032
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Truta, F.M.; Cruz, A.G.; Dragan, A.-M.; Tertis, M.; Cowen, T.; Stefan, M.-G.; Topala, T.; Slosse, A.; Piletska, E.; Van Durme, F.; Kiss, B.; De Wael, K.; Piletsky, S.A.; Cristea, C.
	Title	Design of smart nanoparticles for the electrochemical detection of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine to allow in field screening by law enforcement officers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Drug testing and analysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-14
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	A portable and highly sensitive sensor was designed for the specific detection of 3,4-methyl-enedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), in a range of field-testing situations. The sensor can detect MDMA in street samples, even when other controlled substances drugs, or adulterants are present. In this work, we report for the first time a sensor using electroactive molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles computationally designed to recognize MDMA and then produced using solid phase synthesis. A composite comprising chitosan, reduced graphene oxide, and molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles synthesized for MDMA for the first time was immobilized on screen-printed carbon electrodes. The sensors displayed a satisfactory sensitivity (106.8 nA x mu M-1), limit of detection (1.6 nM; 0.31 ng/mL), and recoveries (92-99%). The accuracy of the results was confirmed through validation using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). This technology could be used in forensic analysis and make it possible to selectively detect MDMA in street samples. A highly sensitive and portable sensor has been developed to detect MDMA in street samples. It uses electroactive molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles computationally designed to recognize MDMA, which were immobilized on screen-printed carbon electrodes with chitosan and graphene. The sensor showed good sensitivity and satisfactory recoveries (92-99%), confirmed with UPLC-MS/MS validation. This technology has the potential to be used in forensic analysis.image
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001107703400001	Publication Date	2023-11-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1942-7603; 1942-7611	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:202058			Serial	9020
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Parrilla, M.; Detamornrat, U.; Domínguez-Robles, J.; Tunca, S.; Donnelly, R.F.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Wearable microneedle-based array patches for continuous electrochemical monitoring and drug delivery : toward a closed-loop system for methotrexate treatment			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	ACS sensors	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	acssensors.3c01381-10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Wearable devices based on microneedle (MN) technology have recently emerged as tools for in situ transdermal sensing or delivery in interstitial fluid (ISF). Particularly, MN-based electrochemical sensors allow the continuous monitoring of analytes in a minimally invasive manner through ISF. Exogenous small molecules found in ISF such as therapeutic drugs are ideal candidates for MN sensors due to their correlation with blood levels and their relevance for the optimal management of personalized therapies. Herein, a hollow MN array patch is modified with conductive pastes and functionalized with cross-linked chitosan to develop an MN-based voltammetric sensor for continuous monitoring of methotrexate (MTX). Interestingly, the chitosan coating avoids biofouling while enabling the adsorption of MTX at the electrode’s surface for sensitive analysis. The MN sensor exhibits excellent analytical performance in vitro with protein-enriched artificial ISF and ex vivo under a Franz diffusion cell configuration. The MN sensor shows a linear range from 25 to 400 μM, which fits within the therapeutic range of high-dose MTX treatment for cancer patients and an excellent continuous operation for more than two days. Moreover, an iontophoretic hollow MN array patch is developed with the integration of both the anode and cathode in the single MN array patch. The ex vivo characterization demonstrates the transdermal on-demand drug delivery of MTX. Overall, the combination of both MN patches represents impactful progress in closed-loop systems for therapeutic drug management in disorders such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, or psoriasis.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001109702900001	Publication Date	2023-10-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2379-3694	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	8.9	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access: Available from 19.04.2024
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 8.9; 2023 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:200074			Serial	8956
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Menegaldo, B.; Aleccia, D.; Nuyts, G.; Amato, A.; Orsega, E.F.; Moro, G.; Balliana, E.; De Wael, K.; Moretto, L.M.; Beltran, V.
	Title	Stories of the life of Saint George : materials and techniques from a Barbelli mural painting			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Studies in conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-14
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Art; History; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Gian Giacomo Inchiocchio (1604-1656), better known as Barbelli, was one of the main exponents of Lombard painting of the seventeenth century. A large body of work is attributed to him, encompassing a wide range of drawings, murals, and oil paintings. However, despite his broad production, there are still many open questions regarding his painting techniques and materials. In this paper, a multi-analytical study of the cycle Stories of the life of Saint George that originally decorated the presbytery of the parish church of Casaletto Vaprio (Cremona, Italy) was performed, combining non-invasive techniques with the characterisation of selected micro samples. Results show that Barbelli used a very limited number of inorganic pigments, often mixing them together to create different colours and shades. Remains of caseinate and degradation products (i.e. weddellite and whewellite) related to the strappo intervention were also highlighted. The study helped to decipher the materials and technique of this painting, providing data that can be used as a reference to study his extensive production.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001080139100001	Publication Date	2023-10-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-3630; 2047-0584	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:200302			Serial	9098
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Drăgan, A.-M.; Parrilla, M.; Cambré, S.; Domínguez-Robles, J.; Detamornrat, U.; Donnelly, R.F.; Oprean, R.; Cristea, C.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Microneedle array-based electrochemical sensor functionalized with SWCNTs for the highly sensitive monitoring of MDMA in interstitial fluid			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	193	Issue		Pages	109257-11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Nanostructured and organic optical and electronic materials (NANOrOPT); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Illicit drug consumption constitutes a great concern worldwide due to its increased spread and abuse, and the negative consequences exerted on society. For instance, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a synthetic amphetamine-type substance, was abused by 20 million people worldwide in 2020. This psychoactive substance exerts a myriad of effects on the human body being dangerous for the consumer’s health. Besides, MDMA has been used in the treatment of some psychiatric conditions. Therefore, the development of wearable devices for MDMA sensing in biological fluids is of great importance for forensic toxicology (e.g., monitoring of patients with suspected or known MDMA consumption) as well as for therapeutic management of patients. Herein, we report the development of a wearable electrochemical platform based on a hollow microneedle (MN) array sensor for the monitoring of MDMA in the interstitial fluid by square-wave voltammetry. First, the holes of the MN array were modified with conductive pastes to devise a MN patch with a three-electrode system. Subsequently, the functionalization of the working electrode with nanomaterials enhanced MDMA detection. Thereafter, analytical parameters were evaluated exhibiting a slope of 0.05 µA µM−1 within a linear range from 1 to 50 µM and a limit of detection of 0.75 µM in artificial interstitial fluid. Importantly, critical parameters such as selectivity, piercing capability, temperature, reversibility and stability were assessed. Overall, the obtained MN sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance, making it a promising tool for MDMA tracking in interstitial fluid for individuals on probation or under therapeutic treatment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001067945900001	Publication Date	2023-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	4.8	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access: Available from 27.02.2024
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.8; 2023 IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:198183			Serial	8898
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Drăgan, A.-M.; Feier, B.G.; Tertis, M.; Bodoki, E.; Truta, F.; Stefan, M.-G.; Kiss, B.; Van Durme, F.; De Wael, K.; Oprean, R.; Cristea, C.
	Title	Forensic analysis of synthetic cathinones on nanomaterials-based platforms : chemometric-assisted voltametric and UPLC-MS/MS investigation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Nanomaterials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	13	Issue	17	Pages	2393-19
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Synthetic cathinones (SCs) are a group of new psychoactive substances often referred to as “legal highs” or “bath salts”, being characterized by a dynamic change, new compounds continuously emerging on the market. This creates a lack of fast screening tests, making SCs a constant concern for law enforcement agencies. Herein, we present a fast and simple method for the detection of four SCs (alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, N-ethylhexedrone, 4-chloroethcathinone, and 3-chloromethcathinone) based on their electrochemical profiles in a decentralized manner. In this regard, the voltametric characterization of the SCs was performed by cyclic and square wave voltammetry. The elucidation of the SCs redox pathways was successfully achieved using liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry. For the rational identification of the ideal experimental conditions, chemometric data processing was employed, considering two critical qualitative and quantitative variables: the type of the electrochemical platform and the pH of the electrolyte. The analytical figures of merit were determined on standard working solutions using the optimized method, which exhibited wide linear ranges and LODs suitable for confiscated sample screening. Finally, the performance of the method was evaluated on real confiscated samples, the resulting validation parameters being similar to those obtained with another portable device (i.e., Raman spectrometer).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001061205100001	Publication Date	2023-08-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2079-4991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	5.3	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 5.3; 2023 IF: 3.553
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:199221			Serial	8869
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Marchetti, A.; Beltran, V.; Storme, P.; Nuyts, G.; Van Der Meeren, L.; Skirtach, A.; Otten, E.; Debulpaep, M.; Watteeuw, L.; De Wael, K.
	Title	All that glitters is not gold : unraveling the material secrets behind the preservation of historical brass			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Journal of cultural heritage	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	63	Issue		Pages	179-186
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; History; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Brass is a relatively stable alloy but it tends to tarnish over time due to the interaction with the atmosphere. Thus, it is rare to observe centuries-old brass objects untouched by the passing of time. For this reason, the pristine appearance of hundreds of brass sequins in the Enclosed Gardens of Mechelen (reliquary altarpieces produced between 1530 and 1550) is remarkable. In this study, the chemical and metallographic characterization of such unexpectedly well-preserved objects is presented. The results revealed the reason for their stability to be a combination of high-quality materials (i.e. medium Zn content, low impurities) and optimal surface properties (i.e. high homogeneity, low roughness), indicating the high level of expertise of the craftsmen who produced them. Novel fundamental insights on the historical manufacturing method of metallic sequins were also obtained.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001058894000001	Publication Date	2023-08-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1296-2074	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	3.1	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access: Available from 15.08.2024
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.1; 2023 IF: 1.838
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:198113			Serial	8830
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Truta, F.; Drăgan, A.-M.; Tertis, M.; Parrilla, M.; Slosse, A.; Van Durme, F.; De Wael, K.; Cristea, C.
	Title	Electrochemical rapid detection of methamphetamine from confiscated samples using a graphene-based printed platform			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	23	Issue	13	Pages	6193-18
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Methamphetamine (MAP) is a highly addictive and illegal stimulant drug that has a significant impact on the central nervous system. Its detection in biological and street samples is crucial for various organizations involved in forensic medicine, anti-drug efforts, and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, nanotechnology and nanomaterials have played a significant role in the development of analytical sensors for MAP detection. In this study, a fast, simple, and cost-effective electrochemical sensor is presented that is used for the sensitive detection of MAP in confiscated street samples with a complex matrix. The optimized screen-printed sensor based on a carbon working electrode modified with graphene demonstrated an excellent limit of detection, good sensitivity, and a wide dynamic range (1–500 μM) for the target illicit drug both for standard solutions and real samples (seized samples, tap water, and wastewater samples). It can detect MAP at concentrations as low as 300 nM in real samples. This limit of detection is suitable for the rapid preliminary screening of suspicious samples in customs, ports, airports, and on the street. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits a good recovery rate, indicating its reliability and repeatability. This quality is crucial for ensuring consistent and accurate results during screening processes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001033277900001	Publication Date	2023-07-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1424-8220	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:198181			Serial	8857
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Campos, R.; Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, S.; Daems, E.; Ribeiro, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Development of an electrochemiluminescent oligonucleotide-based assay for the quantification of prostate cancer associated miR-141-3p in human serum			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Bioelectrochemistry: an international journal devoted to electrochemical aspects of biology and biological aspects of electrochemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	153	Issue		Pages	108495-108496
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small oligonucleotides (18–25 bases), biologically relevant for epigenetic regulation of key processes, particularly in association with cancer. Research effort has therefore been directed towards the monitoring and detection of miRNAs to progress (early) cancer diagnoses. Traditional detection strategies for miRNAs are expensive, with a lengthy time-to-result. In this study we develop an oligonucleotide-based assay using electrochemistry for the specific, selective and sensitive detection of a circulating miRNA (miR-141) associated with prostate cancer. In the assay, the excitation and readout of the signal are independent: an electrochemical stimulation followed by an optical readout. A ‘sandwich’ approach is incorporated, consisting of a biotinylated capture probe immobilised on streptavidin-functionalised surfaces and a detection probe labelled with digoxigenin. We show that the assay allows the detection of miR-141 in human serum, even in the presence of other miRNAs, with a LOD of 0.25 pM. The developed electrochemiluminescent assay has, therefore, the potential for efficient universal oligonucleotide target detection via the redesign of capture and detection probes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001031760700001	Publication Date	2023-06-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1567-5394	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	5	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access: Available from 01.01.2024
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 5; 2023 IF: 3.346
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:197615			Serial	8849
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Truta, F.; Cruz, A.G.; Tertis, M.; Zaleski, C.; Adamu, G.; Allcock, N.S.; Suciu, M.; Stefan, M.-G.; Kiss, B.; Piletska, E.; De Wael, K.; Piletsky, S.A.; Cristea, C.
	Title	NanoMIPs-based electrochemical sensors for selective detection of amphetamine			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	191	Issue		Pages	108821-10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	A highly sensitive and portable electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) was developed. NanoMIPs were computationally designed for specific recognition of amphetamine, and then synthetized using solid phase synthesis. NanoMIPs were immobilized onto screen-printed carbon electrodes using a composite film comprising chitosan, nanoMIPs, and graphene oxide.Ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate was incorporated in nanoMIPs allowing electrochemical detection. The signal recorded for the electrochemical oxidation of ferrocene has proven to be dependent on the presence of amphetamine interacting with nanMIPs. The sensor was tested successfully with street samples, with high sensitivity and satisfactory recoveries (from 100.9% to 107.6%). These results were validated with UPL-MS/MS. The present technology is suitable for forensic applications in selective determination of amphetamine in street samples.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001008428600001	Publication Date	2023-05-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.8	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.8; 2023 IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:197397			Serial	8903
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	Author	Detamornrat, U.; Parrilla, M.; Domínguez-Robles, J.; Anjani, Q.K.; Larrañeta, E.; De Wael, K.; Donnelly, R.F.
	Title	Transdermal on-demand drug delivery based on an iontophoretic hollow microneedle array system			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Lab on a chip	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	23	Issue	9	Pages	2304-2315
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Transdermal drug delivery has emerged as an alternative administration route for therapeutic drugs, overcoming current issues in oral and parenteral administration. However, this technology is hindered by the low permeability of the stratum corneum of the skin. In this work, we develop a synergic combination of two enhancing technologies to contribute to an improved and on-demand drug delivery through an iontophoretic system coupled with hollow microneedles (HMNs). For the first time, a polymeric HMN array coupled with integrated iontophoresis for the delivery of charged molecules and macromolecules (e.g. proteins) is devised. To prove the concept, methylene blue, fluorescein sodium, lidocaine hydrochloride, and bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (BSA-FITC) were first tested in an in vitro setup using 1.5% agarose gel model. Subsequently, the ex vivo drug permeation study using a Franz diffusion cell was conducted, exhibiting a 61-fold, 43-fold, 54-fold, and 17-fold increment of the permeation of methylene blue, fluorescein sodium, lidocaine hydrochloride, and BSA-FITC, respectively, during the application of 1 mA cm(-2) current for 6 h. Moreover, the total amount of drug delivered (i.e. in the skin and receptor compartment) was analysed to untangle the different delivery profiles according to the types of molecule. Finally, the integration of the anode and cathode into an iontophoretic hollow microneedle array system (IHMAS) offers the full miniaturisation of the concept. Overall, the IHMAS device provides a versatile wearable technology for transdermal on-demand drug delivery that can improve the administration of personalised doses, and potentially enhance precision medicine.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000971513000001	Publication Date	2023-04-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1473-0197	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.1	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.1; 2023 IF: 6.045
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:195781			Serial	8946
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	Author	Van Echelpoel, R.; Parrilla, M.; Sleegers, N.; Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, S.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; Slosse, A.; Van Durme, F.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Validated portable device for the qualitative and quantitative electrochemical detection of MDMA ready for on-site use			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	190	Issue		Pages	108693-10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Toxicological Centre; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Identifying and quantifying 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on-site in suspected illicit drug samples, whether it be at recreational settings or manufacturing sites, is a major challenge for law enforcement agencies (LEAs). Various analytical techniques exist to fulfil this goal, e.g. colourimetry and portable spectroscopic techniques, each having its specific limitations (e.g. low accuracy, fluorescence, no quantification) and strengths (e.g. fast, easy to use). In this work, for the first time, an electrochemical MDMA sensor is presented to become a detection tool that can realistically be used on-site. More specifically, the use of a single buffer solution and an unmodified screen-printed electrode, along with the integration of a data analysis algorithm and mobile application permits the straightforward on-site identification and quantification of MDMA in suspicious samples. Multiple studies investigating different parameters, including pH, concentration, reproducibility, temperature and binary mixture analyses, were executed. To fully understand all the occurring redox processes, liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of partially electrolyzed MDMA samples was performed unravelling oxidation of the methylenedioxy group. Validation of the methodology was executed on 15 MDMA street samples analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and compared with the performance of a commercial portable Raman and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) device. The novel methodology outperformed the spectroscopic techniques, correctly identifying all 15 street samples. Additionally, the electrochemical sensor predicted the purity of the tablets with a mean absolute error of 2.3%. Overall, this new, electrochemical detection strategy provides LEAs the rapid, low-cost, on-site detection and quantification of MDMA in suspicious samples, without requiring specialized training.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000977060400001	Publication Date	2023-03-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.8	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.8; 2023 IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:195415			Serial	8952
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	Author	Moro, G.; Campos, R.; Daems, E.; Moretto, L.M.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Haem-mediated albumin biosensing : towards voltammetric detection of PFOA			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Bioelectrochemistry: an international journal devoted to electrochemical aspects of biology and biological aspects of electrochemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	152	Issue		Pages	108428-7
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	The haem group is a promising redox probe for the design of albumin-based voltammetric sensors. Among the endogenous ligands carried by human serum albumin (hSA), haem is characterised by a reversible redox behaviour and its binding kinetics strongly depend on hSA’s conformation, which, in turn, depends on the presence of other ligands. In this work, the potential applicability of haem, especially hemin, as a redox probe was first tested in a proof-of-concept study using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as model analyte. PFOA is known to bind hSA by occupying Sudlow’s I site (FA7) which is spatially related to the haem-binding site (FA1). The latter undergoes a conformational change, which is expected to affect hemin’s binding kinetics. To verify this hypothesis, hemin:albumin complexes in the presence/absence of PFOA were first screened by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Once the complex formation was verified, haem was further characterised via electrochemical methods to estimate its electron transfer kinetics. The hemin:albumin:PFOA system was studied in solution, with the aim of describing the multiple equilibria at stake and designing an electrochemical assay for PFOA monitoring. This latter could be integrated with protein-based bioremediation approaches for the treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances polluted waters. Overall, our preliminary results show how hemin can be applied as a redox probe in albumin-based voltammetric sensing strategies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000971630400001	Publication Date	2023-03-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1567-5394	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	5	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 5; 2023 IF: 3.346
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:195069			Serial	8876
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	Author	Almabadi, M.H.; Truta, F.M.; Adamu, G.; Cowen, T.; Tertis, M.; Alanazi, K.D.M.; Stefan, M.-G.; Piletska, E.; Kiss, B.; Cristea, C.; De Wael, K.; Piletsky, S.A.; Cruz, A.G.
	Title	Integration of smart nanomaterials for highly selective disposable sensors and their forensic applications in amphetamine determination			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Electrochimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	446	Issue		Pages	142009-142010
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Screening drugs on the street and biological samples pose a challenge to law enforcement agencies due to existing detection methods and instrument limitations. Herein we present a graphene-assisted molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticle-based sensor for amphetamine. These nanoparticles are electroactive by incorporating ferrocene in their structure. These particles act as specific actuators in electrochemical sensors, and the presence of a ferrocene redox probe embedded in the structure allows the detection of non-electroactive amphetamine. In a control approach, nanoparticles were covalently immobilised onto electrochemical sensors by drop-casting using silanes. Alternatively, nanoparticles were immobilised employing 3D printing and a graphene ink composite. The electrochemical performance of both approaches was evaluated. As a result, 3D printed nanoMIPs/graphene sensors displayed the highest selectivity in spiked human plasma, with sensitivity at 73 nA nM-1, LOD of 68 nM (RSD 2.4%) when compared to the silane drop cast electrodes. The main advantage of the optimised 3D printing technology is that it allows quantitative determination of amphetamine, a nonelectroactive drug, challenging to detect with conventional electrochemical sensors. In addition, the costefficient 3D printing method makes these sensors easy to manufacture, leading to robust, highly selective and sensitive sensors. As proof of concept, sensors were evaluated on the street specimens and clinically relevant samples and successfully validated using UPLC-MS.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000953087600001	Publication Date	2023-02-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.6	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.6; 2023 IF: 4.798
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:196145			Serial	8888
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	Author	Drăgan, A.-M.; Parrilla, M.; Sleegers, N.; Slosse, A.; Van Durme, F.; van Nuijs, A.; Oprean, R.; Cristea, C.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Investigating the electrochemical profile of methamphetamine to enable fast on-site detection in forensic analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	255	Issue		Pages	124208-124211
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Toxicological Centre; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Methamphetamine (MA) is a synthetic psychoactive drug which is consumed both licitly and illicitly. In some countries it is prescribed for attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and short-term treatment of obesity. More often though, it is abused for its psychostimulant properties. Unfortunately, the spread and abuse of this synthetic drug have increased globally, being reported as the most widely consumed synthetic psychoactive drug in the world in 2019. Attempting to overcome the shortcomings of the currently used on-site methods for MA detection in suspected cargos, the present study explores the potential of electrochemical identification of MA by means of square wave voltammetry on disposable graphite screen-printed electrodes. Hence, the analytical characterization of the method was evaluated under optimal conditions exhibiting a linear range between 50 mu M and 2.5 mM MA, a LOD of 16.7 mu M, a LOQ of 50.0 mu M and a sensitivity of 5.3 mu A mM-1. Interestingly, two zones in the potential window were identified for the detection of MA, depending on its concentration in solution. Furthermore, the oxidative pathway of MA was elucidated employing liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry to understand the change in the electrochemical profile. Thereafter, the selectivity of the method towards MA in mixtures with other drugs of abuse as well as common adulterants/cutting agents was evaluated. Finally, the described method was employed for the analysis of MA in confiscated samples and compared with forensic methods, displaying its potential as a fast and easy-to-use method for on-site analysis.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000925076200001	Publication Date	2023-01-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-9140; 1873-3573	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.1	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.1; 2023 IF: 4.162
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:194314			Serial	8890
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	Author	Parrilla, M.; Vanhooydonck, A.; Johns, M.; Watts, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	3D-printed microneedle-based potentiometric sensor for pH monitoring in skin interstitial fluid			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Sensors and actuators : B : chemical	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	378	Issue		Pages	133159-10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Internet Data Lab (IDLab); Product development; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Wearable electrochemical sensors are driven by the user-friendly capability of continuous monitoring of key biomarkers for diagnostic or therapeutic operations. Particularly, microneedle (MN)-based sensors can access the interstitial fluid (ISF) in the dermis layer of skin to carry out on-body transdermal detection of analytes. Interestingly, 3D-printing technology allows for rapid and versatile prototyping reaching micrometer resolution. Herein, for the first time, we explore 3D-printed hollow MN patches (1 mm height x 1 mm base with 0.3 mm hole) which are modified with conductive inks to develop a potentiometric sensor for pH monitoring. First, the piercing capability of 3D-printed MN patches is demonstrated by using the parafilm model and their insertion in porcine skin. Subsequently, the hollow MNs are filled with conductive inks to engineer a set of microelectrodes. Thereafter, the working and reference electrodes are properly modified with polyaniline and polyvinyl butyral, respectively, toward a highly stable potentiometric cell. A full in vitro characterization is performed within a broad range of pH (i.e. pH 4 to pH 9). Besides, the MN sensor is analytically assessed in phantom gel and pierced on porcine skin to evaluate the resilience of the MN sensor. Finally, the MN sensor is pierced on the forearm of a subject and tested for its on-body monitoring capability. Overall, 3D-printed MN-based potentiometric sensing brings a versatile and affordable technology to minimally-invasively monitor key physiological parameters in the body.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000904590500008	Publication Date	2022-12-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0925-4005	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:192381			Serial	8824
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	Author	Cánovas, R.; Daems, E.; Langley, A.R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Are aptamer-based biosensing approaches a good choice for female fertility monitoring? A comprehensive review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Biosensors and bioelectronics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	220	Issue		Pages	114881-18
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	The WHO estimates that 8–10% of couples are facing fertility problems, often due to inaccuracy in predicting the female's ovulation period controlled by four key hormones. The quantification and monitoring of such key hormones are crucial for the early identification of infertility, but also in improving therapeutic management associated with hormonal imbalance. In this review, we extensively summarize and discuss: i) drawbacks of laboratory methods for fertility testing (costly, invasive, complex) and commercially available point-of-care tests (measuring only one/two of the four key hormones), ii) the understanding of different biosensors for fertility monitoring, and iii) an in-depth classification and overview of aptamer-based sensing of the hormones of interest. This review provides insights on hormone detection strategies for fertility, with a focus on the classification of the current ‘aptasensing’ strategies, aiming to assist as a basic guide for the development of accurate fertility window monitoring tools based on aptamers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000890547600004	Publication Date	2022-11-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0956-5663	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.6	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 12.6; 2023 IF: 7.78
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:191711			Serial	8833
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	Author	Kollarahithlu, S.C.; Sathiyamoorthy, S.; Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, S.; De Wael, K.; Das, J.; Veluswamy, P.
	Title	Foodborne outbreaks : sources and mode of transmission of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms			Type	H1 Book chapter
	Year	2023	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	93-104 T2 - Global food safety : microbial interve
	Keywords	H1 Book chapter; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	The foodborne pathogens and microorganisms have played a prevalent role in the ebb and flow of the economy worldwide. The increasing population has strained the food processing industry to produce food in large quantity, which in turn has affected the quality of food. To curb this issue, there is immense pressure to produce and maintain quality food within a short time frame. Hence, high throughput technology is used to determine and timely assess the safety and hygiene of food. Further, the revolution of the food industry has also seen an upsurge of new pathogens and microorganisms, thereby increasing the risk of exposure towards rarest diseases to a larger population. This chapter sheds light on the different types of foodborne pathogens affecting the food industry and its social impact. It further emphasizes the safety measures to be taken on the prevention of the disease from the farm to the processing industries and in turn to the household.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-1-003-28314-0	Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:200591			Serial	9039
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	Author	Ehirim, T.J.; Ozoemena, O.C.; Mwonga, P.V.; Haruna, A.B.; Mofokeng, T.P.; De Wael, K.; Ozoemena, K.I.
	Title	Onion-like carbons provide a favorable electrocatalytic platform for the sensitive detection of tramadol drug			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	ACS Omega	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7	Issue	51	Pages	47892-47905
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	This work reports the first study on the possible application of nanodiamond-derived onion-like carbons (OLCs), in comparison with conductive carbon black (CB), as an electrode platform for the electrocatalytic detection of tramadol (an important drug of abuse). The physicochemical properties of OLCs and CB were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The OLC exhibits, among others, higher surface area, more surface defects, and higher thermal stability than CB. From the electrochemical analysis (interrogated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), it is shown that an OLC-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE-OLC) allows faster electron transport and electrocatalysis toward tramadol compared to a GCE-CB. To establish the underlying science behind the high performance of the OLC, theoretical calculations (density functional theory (DFT) simulations) were conducted. DFT predicts that OLC allows for weaker surface binding of tramadol (Ead = -26.656 eV) and faster kinetic energy (K.E. = -155.815 Ha) than CB (Ead = -40.174 eV and -305.322 Ha). The GCE-OLC shows a linear calibration curve for tramadol over the range of similar to 55 to 392 mu M, with high sensitivity (0.0315 mu A/mu M) and low limit of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) (3.8 and 12.7 mu M, respectively). The OLC-modified screen-printed electrode (SPE-OLC) was successfully applied for the sensitive detection of tramadol in real pharmaceutical formulations and human serum. The OLC-based electrochemical sensor promises to be useful for the sensitive and accurate detection of tramadol in clinics, quality control, and routine quantification of tramadol drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000903165200001	Publication Date	2022-12-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2470-1343	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:193391			Serial	8908
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Montiel, F.N.; Parrilla, M.; Sleegers, N.; Van Durme, F.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical sensing of amphetamine-type stimulants (pre)-precursors to fight against the illicit production of synthetic drugs			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Electrochimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	436	Issue		Pages	141446-11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Toxicological Centre; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	The illicit drug precursor market for the manufacture of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), mainly amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), has emerged quickly in the last years. The evidence of a more complex and sophisticated drug market underlines the pressing need for new on-site methods to quickly detect precursors of synthetic drugs, with electrochemical analysis as a promising technique. Herein, the electrochemical fingerprints of ten common ATS precursors-3-oxo-2-phenylbutanenitrile (APAAN), 3-oxo-2-phenylbutanamide (APAA), methyl 3-oxo-2-phenylbutanoate (MAPA), benzyl methyl ketone (BMK), 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propan-2-one (PMK), ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, safrole, sassafras oil and piperonal- are reported for the first time. The electrochemical screening disclosed the redox inactivity of BMK, which is an essential starting material for the production of ATS. Therefore, the local derivatization of BMK at an electrode surface by reductive amination is presented as a feasible solution to enrich its electrochemical fingerprint. To prove that, the resulting mixture was analyzed using a set of chromatographic techniques to understand the reaction mechanism and to identify possible electrochemical active products. Two reaction products (i.e. methamphetamine and 1-phenylpropan-2-ol) were found and characterized using mass spectrometry and electrochemical methods. Subsequently, the optimization of the reaction parameters was carefully addressed to set the portable electrochemical sensing strategy. Ultimately, the analysis concept was validated for the qualitative identification of ATS precursors in seizures from a forensic institute. Overall, the electrochemical approach demonstrates to be a useful and affordable analytical tool for the early identification of ATS precursors to prevent trafficking and drug manufacture in clandestine laboratories.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000914833800003	Publication Date	2022-10-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:191622			Serial	8858
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Joosten, F.; Parrilla, M.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; Ozoemena, K.Id; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid : potential for forensic drug testing			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Electrochimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2022	Issue	436	Pages	141309-141315
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Engineering sciences. Technology; Toxicological Centre; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Illicit drugs continue to pose a serious threat to society and public health. Drug (ab)use is linked to organised crime and violence. Therefore, to fight the so-called war on drugs, police and law enforcement agencies need to be equipped with accurate and efficient sensors for the detection of illicit drugs and drug use. Even though colour tests (for powders) and lateral flow immunoassays (for biological samples) lack accuracy, they are relied upon for fast and easy on-site detection. Alternatively, in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in electrochemical sensors as a promising technique for the rapid and accurate on-site detection of illicit drugs. While a myriad of literature exists on the use of electrochemical sensors for drug powder analysis, literature on their use for the detection of drug use in biological samples is scarce. To this end, this review presents an overview of strategies for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid. First, pharmacokinetics of drugs in oral fluid and the legal limit dilemma regarding the analytical cut-offs for roadside drug detection tests are elaborated to present the reader with the background knowledge required to develop such a test. Subsequently, an overview of electrochemical strategies developed for the detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid is given. Importantly, key challenges to address in the development of roadside tests are highlighted to improve the design of the next electrochemical devices and to bring them to the field. Overall, electrochemical sensors for illicit drugs detection in oral fluid show promise to disrupt current strategies for roadside testing.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000882442300001	Publication Date	2022-10-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:191107			Serial	8855
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Samal, S.K.; Soenen, S.; Puppi, D.; De Wael, K.; Pati, S.; De Smedt, S.; Braeckmans, K.; Dubruel, P.
	Title	Bio-nanohybrid gelatin/quantum dots for cellular imaging and biosensing applications			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	International journal of molecular sciences	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	23	Issue	19	Pages	11867-12
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	The bio-nanohybrid gelatin protein/cadmium sulfide (Gel/CdS) quantum dots (QDs) have been designed via a facile one-pot strategy. The amino acids group of gelatin chelate Cd2+ and grow CdS QDs without any agglomeration. The H-1 NMR spectra indicate that during the above process there are no alterations of the gelatin protein structure conformation and chemical functionalities. The prepared Gel/CdS QDs were characterized and their potential as a system for cellular imaging and the electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection applications were investigated. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed Gel/CdS QDs system could offer a simple and convenient operating strategy both for the class of contrast agents for cell labeling and electrochemical sensors purposes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000867759600001	Publication Date	2022-10-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1422-0067; 1661-6596	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:191566			Serial	8836
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	Author	Khan, S.U.; Trashin, S.; Beltran, V.; Korostei, Y.S.; Pelmus, M.; Gorun, S.M.; Dubinina, T., V.; Verbruggen, S.W.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Photoelectrochemical behavior of phthalocyanine-sensitized TiO₂ in the presence of electron-shuttling mediators			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	94	Issue	37	Pages	12723-12731
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Dye-sensitized TiO(2 )has found many applications for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), solar-to-chemical energy conversion, water/air purification systems, and (electro)chemical sensors. We report an electrochemical system for testing dye-sensitized materials that can be utilized in photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors and energy conversion. Unlike related systems, the reported system does not require a direct electron transfer from semiconductors to electrodes. Rather, it relies on electron shuttling by redox mediators. A range of model photocatalytic materials were prepared using three different TiO2 materials (P25, P90, and PC500) and three sterically hindered phthalocyanines (Pcs) with electron-rich tert-butyl substituents (t-Bu4PcZn, t-Bu4PcAlCl, and t-Bu4PcH2). The materials were compared with previously developed TiO(2 )modified by electron-deficient, also sterically hindered fluorinated phthalocyanine F64PcZn, a singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) producer, as well as its metal-free derivative, F64PcH2. The PEC activity depended on the redox mediator, as well as the type of TiO2 and Pc. By comparing the responses of one-electron shuttles, such as K4Fe(CN)(4), and O-1(2)-reactive electron shuttles, such as phenol, it is possible to reveal the action mechanism of the supported photosensitizers, while the overall activity can be assessed using hydroquinone. t-Bu4PcAlCl showed significantly lower blank responses and higher specific responses toward chlorophenols compared to t-Bu4PcZn due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the Al3+ metal center. The combination of reactivity insights and the need for only microgram amounts of sensing materials renders the reported system advantageous for practical applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000855284300001	Publication Date	2022-09-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 7.4
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:190602			Serial	7190
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	Author	Neven, L.; Barich, H.; Rutten, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Novel (photo)electrochemical analysis of aqueous industrial samples containing phenols			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	181	Issue		Pages	107778-11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Phenols are considered as toxic pollutants and their discharge into the environment by industries is regulated by a concentration limit. As these limits are in the low mg L−1 to µg L−1-range, sensitive methods are necessary to detect these phenols. Here, aqueous industrial phenolic samples throughout a cleaning process were analyzed by two novel electrochemical sensors. Both the photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor and the square wave voltammetric (SWV) sensor could successfully follow the decrease of the concentration of phenols along the industrial cleaning process. The discharge sample (μg L−1) could only be analyzed by the PEC sensor and not by the SWV sensor, as the phenolic concentration was close to the LOD of the latter. With HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) measurements, classical phenols such as phenol (PHOH), hydroquinone, resorcinol and o-cresol could be identified in the industrial samples, and their presence could be linked to the electrochemical responses. At last, the performance of the PEC and SWV sensors were compared with commercial colorimetric and chemical oxygen demand (COD) test kits. This comparison demonstrated the high sensitivity of the PEC sensor in the μg L−1 concentrated phenolic samples. Together with the identification of the redox peaks through HPLC-DAD analysis, the SWV sensor can be a powerful tool in the qualitative analysis of mg L−1 concentrated phenolic samples due to its speed, simplicity and absence of laborious sample pre-treatment steps.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000837838400003	Publication Date	2022-07-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:189428			Serial	8906
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	Author	Parrilla, M.; Detamornrat, U.; Domínguez-Robles, J.; Donnelly, R.F.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Wearable hollow microneedle sensing patches for the transdermal electrochemical monitoring of glucose			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	249	Issue		Pages	123695-123699
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	According to the World Health Organization, about 422 million people worldwide have diabetes, with 1.5 million deaths directly attributed each year. Therefore, there is still a need to effectively monitor glucose in diabetic patients for proper management. Recently, wearable patches based on microneedle (MN) sensors provide minimally invasive analysis of glucose through the interstitial fluid (ISF) while exhibiting excellent correlation with blood glucose. Despite many advances in wearable electrochemical sensors, long-term stability and continuous monitoring remain unsolved challenges. Herein, we present a highly stable electrochemical biosensor based on a redox mediator bilayer consisting of Prussian blue and iron-nickel hexacyanoferrate to increase the long-term stability of the readout coupled with a hollow MN array as a sampling unit for ISF uptake. First, the enzymatic biosensor is developed by using affordable screen-printed electrodes (SPE) and optimized for long-term stability fitting the physiological range of glucose in ISF (i.e., 2.5–22.5 mM). In parallel, the MN array is assessed for minimally invasive piercing of the skin. Subsequently, the biosensor is integrated with the MN array leaving a microfluidic spacer that works as the electrochemical cell. Interestingly, a microfluidic channel connects the cell with an external syringe to actively and rapidly withdraw ISF toward the cell. Finally, the robust MN sensing patch is characterized during in vitro and ex vivo tests. Overall, affordable wearable MN-based patches for the continuous monitoring of glucose in ISF are providing an advent in wearable devices for rapid and life-threatening decision-making processes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000826441800002	Publication Date	2022-06-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-9140; 1873-3573	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:188955			Serial	8955
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	Author	Van Echelpoel, R.; Schram, J.; Parrilla, M.; Daems, D.; Slosse, A.; Van Durme, F.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical methods for on-site multidrug detection at festivals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Sensors & Diagnostics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	1	Issue	1	Pages	793-802
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Two electrochemical methodologies, i.e. flowchart and dual-sensor, were developed to aid law enforcement present at festivals to obtain a rapid indication of the presence of four illicit drugs in suspicious samples encountered.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2022-06-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:188521			Serial	8856
Permanent link to this record