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	Author	Batenburg, K.J.; Bals, S.; Sijbers, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	DART explained: how to carry out a discrete tomography reconstruction			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	295-296
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-3-540-85154-7	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77914			Serial	606
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Lisiecki, I.; Turner, S.; Bals, S.; Pileni, M.P.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Enhanced stability against oxidation due to 2D self-organisation of hcp cobalt nanocrystals			Type	H1 Book chapter
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	273-274
	Keywords	H1 Book chapter; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-540-85226-1	Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87610			Serial	1055
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bals, S.; Stes, A.; Celis, V.
	Title	Klassieke toetsing in de praktijk			Type	H2 Book chapter
	Year	2009	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	211-225
	Keywords	H2 Book chapter; Educational sciences; EduBROn; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	LannooCampus	Place of Publication	Leuven	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978 90 209 8819 2	Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:79658			Serial	1762
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	Author	Van Eyndhoven, G.; Batenburg, K.J.; van Oers, C.; Kurttepeli, M.; Bals, S.; Cool, P.; Sijbers, J.
	Title	Reliable pore-size measurements based on a procedure specifically designed for electron tomography measurements of nanoporous samples			Type	P3 Proceeding
	Year	2014	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	P3 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	S.l.	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:124548			Serial	2866
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	Author	Van Aert, S.; Bals, S.; Chang, L.Y.; den Dekker, A.J.; Kirkland, A.I.; Van Dyck, D.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	The benefits of statistical parameter estimation theory for quantitative interpretation of electron microscopy data			Type	H1 Book chapter
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	97-98
	Keywords	H1 Book chapter; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2009-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-540-85154-7	Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:136865			Serial	4493
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Goris, B.; De Beenhouwer, J.; de Backer, A.; Zanaga, D.; Batenburg, J.; Sanchez-Iglesias, A.; Liz-Marzan, L.; Van Aert, S.; Sijbers, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S.
	Title	Investigating lattice strain in Au nanodecahedrons			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2016	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	11-12
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2016-12-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-3-527-80846-5	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:145813			Serial	5144
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	Author	Skorikov, A.; Heyvaert, W.; Albrecht, W.; Pelt, D.M.; Bals, S.
	Title	EMAT Simulated 3D Nanoparticle Structures Dataset			Type	Dataset
	Year	2021	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Dataset; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	This dataset contains 1000 simulated nanoparticle-like 3D structures and noisy EDX-like elemental maps based on them. These data are intended to be used for quantitative analysis of data processing methods in (EDX) tomography of nanoparticles and training the data-driven approaches for these tasks. The dataset is structured as follows: voxel_data/clean 3D voxel grid representation of the simulated nanoparticles. Voxel intensities are adjusted so that the total intensity equals 103. All 3D structures have unique identifiers in 0..999 range. The data derived from a 3D structure preserves this unique identifier. sinograms/clean Tilt series of projection images obtained from the corresponding 3D structures over an angular range of -75..75 degrees with a tilt step of 10 degrees to simulate a typical tilt series used in EDX tomography. Total intensity in each projection image equals 103. sinograms/noisy Tilt series of projection images corrupted with Poisson noise and an additional spatially uniform background noise. projections/clean Projection images extracted from the clean tilt series at 0 degrees tilt angle. projections/noisy Projection images extracted from the noisy tilt series at 0 degrees tilt angle. images/clean Visualizations of the clean projections as PNG images with the intensity range adjusted to 0..255 images/noisy Visualizations of the noisy projections as PNG images with the intensity range adjusted to 0..255
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:180615			Serial	6838
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	Author	Grünewald, L.; Chezganov, D.; De Meyer, R.; Orekhov, A.; Van Aert, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Bals, S.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Supplementary Information for “In-situ Plasma Studies using a Direct Current Microplasma in a Scanning Electron Microscope”			Type	Dataset
	Year	2023	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Dataset; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Supplementary information for the article “In-situ Plasma Studies using a Direct Current Microplasma in a Scanning Electron Microscope” containing the videos of in-situ SEM imaging (mp4 files), raw data/images, and Jupyter notebooks (ipynb files) for data treatment and plots. Link to the preprint: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.15123 Explanation of the data files can be found in the Information.pdf file. The Videos folder contains the in-situ SEM image series mentioned in the paper. If there are any questions/bugs, feel free to contact me at lukas.grunewaldatuantwerpen.be
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:203389			Serial	9100
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	Author	Roelandts, T.; Batenburg, K.J.; Biermans, E.; Kübel, C.; Bals, S.; Sijbers, J.
	Title	Accurate segmentation of dense nanoparticles by partially discrete electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	114	Issue		Pages	96-105
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Accurate segmentation of nanoparticles within various matrix materials is a difficult problem in electron tomography. Due to artifacts related to image series acquisition and reconstruction, global thresholding of reconstructions computed by established algorithms, such as weighted backprojection or SIRT, may result in unreliable and subjective segmentations. In this paper, we introduce the Partially Discrete Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (PDART) for computing accurate segmentations of dense nanoparticles of constant composition. The particles are segmented directly by the reconstruction algorithm, while the surrounding regions are reconstructed using continuously varying gray levels. As no properties are assumed for the other compositions of the sample, the technique can be applied to any sample where dense nanoparticles must be segmented, regardless of the surrounding compositions. For both experimental and simulated data, it is shown that PDART yields significantly more accurate segmentations than those obtained by optimal global thresholding of the SIRT reconstruction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000301954300011	Publication Date	2012-01-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	34	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2012 IF: 2.470
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:97710			Serial	52
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	Author	Goris, B.; Roelandts, T.; Batenburg, K.J.; Heidari Mezerji, H.; Bals, S.
	Title	Advanced reconstruction algorithms for electron tomography : from comparison to combination			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	127	Issue		Pages	40-47
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	In this work, the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT), the total variation minimization (TVM) reconstruction technique and the discrete algebraic reconstruction technique (DART) for electron tomography are compared and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Furthermore, we describe how the result of a three dimensional (3D) reconstruction based on TVM can provide objective information that is needed as the input for a DART reconstruction. This approach results in a tomographic reconstruction of which the segmentation is carried out in an objective manner.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000316659100007	Publication Date	2012-08-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	63	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2013 IF: 2.745
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101217			Serial	72
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	Author	van den Broek, W.; Rosenauer, A.; Goris, B.; Martinez, G.T.; Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; van Dyck, D.
	Title	Correction of non-linear thickness effects in HAADF STEM electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	116	Issue		Pages	8-12
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	In materials science, high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy is often used for tomography at the nanometer scale. In this work, it is shown that a thickness dependent, non-linear damping of the recorded intensities occurs. This results in an underestimated intensity in the interior of reconstructions of homogeneous particles, which is known as the cupping artifact. In this paper, this non-linear effect is demonstrated in experimental images taken under common conditions and is reproduced with a numerical simulation. Furthermore, an analytical derivation shows that these non-linearities can be inverted if the imaging is done quantitatively, thus preventing cupping in the reconstruction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000304473700002	Publication Date	2012-03-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	67	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2012 IF: 2.470
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:96558			Serial	518
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	Author	Goris, B.; van den Broek, W.; Batenburg, K.J.; Heidari Mezerji, H.; Bals, S.
	Title	Electron tomography based on a total variation minimization reconstruction technique			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	113	Issue		Pages	120-130
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	The 3D reconstruction of a tilt series for electron tomography is mostly carried out using the weighted backprojection (WBP) algorithm or using one of the iterative algorithms such as the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT). However, it is known that these reconstruction algorithms cannot compensate for the missing wedge. Here, we apply a new reconstruction algorithm for electron tomography, which is based on compressive sensing. This is a field in image processing specialized in finding a sparse solution or a solution with a sparse gradient to a set of ill-posed linear equations. Therefore, it can be applied to electron tomography where the reconstructed objects often have a sparse gradient at the nanoscale. Using a combination of different simulated and experimental datasets, it is shown that missing wedge artefacts are reduced in the final reconstruction. Moreover, it seems that the reconstructed datasets have a higher fidelity and are easier to segment in comparison to reconstructions obtained by more conventional iterative algorithms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000300554400006	Publication Date	2011-11-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	171	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2012 IF: 2.470
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93637			Serial	987
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	Author	Huijben, M.; Rijnders, G.; Blank, D.H.A.; Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Brinkman, A.; Hilgenkamp, H.
	Title	Electronically coupled complementary interfaces between perovskite band insulators			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Nature materials	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Mater
	Volume	5	Issue		Pages	556-560
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000238708900021	Publication Date	2006-06-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1476-1122;1476-4660;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	39.737	Times cited	315	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 39.737; 2006 IF: 19.194
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:59713UA @ admin @ c:irua:59713			Serial	1019
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	Author	Oh, H.; Gennett, T.; Atanassov, P.; Kurttepeli, M.; Bals, S.; Hurst, K.E.; Hirscher, M.
	Title	Hydrogen adsorption properties of platinum decorated hierarchically structured templated carbons			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Microporous and mesoporous materials: zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials	Abbreviated Journal	Micropor Mesopor Mat
	Volume	177	Issue		Pages	66-74
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In this report, the possibility of Pt catalytic activity for the dissociation of hydrogen molecules and subsequent hydrogen adsorption on sucrose templated carbon at ambient temperature has been studied. In order to investigate Pt catalytic effect for hydrogen storage solely, 6.8 wt.% Pt-doped (Pt/TC) and pure templated carbon (TC) possessing almost identical specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume (Vp) have been successfully synthesized. Since both Pt/TC and TC shares for their textural properties (e.g. SSA and Vp), any difference of hydrogen adsorption characteristic and storage capacity can be ascribed to the presence of Pt nanoparticles. Both samples are characterized by various techniques such as powder Xray diffraction, ICP-OES, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cryogenic thermal desorption spectroscopy, low-pressure high-resolution hydrogen and nitrogen BET and high-pressure hydrogen adsorption isotherms in a Sieverts' apparatus. By applying hydrogen and deuterium isotope mixture, cryogenic thermal desorption spectroscopy point to a Pt catalytic activity for the dissociation of hydrogen molecules. Furthermore, the hydrogen adsorption isotherms at RT indicate an enhancement of the initial hydrogen adsorption kinetics in Pt-doped system. However, the hydrogen storage capacity of Pt/TC exhibits a negligible enhancement with a strong hysteresis, suggesting no connection between the spillover effect and a feasible hydrogen storage enhancement. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000322293000012	Publication Date	2013-04-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1387-1811;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.615	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	262348 ESMI; COST Action MP1103			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.615; 2013 IF: 3.209
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109758			Serial	1532
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	Author	Ke, X.; Bittencourt, C.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Low-dose patterning of platinum nanoclusters on carbon nanotubes by focused-electron-beam-induced deposition as studied by TEM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Beilstein journal of nanotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	Beilstein J Nanotech
	Volume	4	Issue		Pages	77-86
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is used as a direct-write approach to decorate ultrasmall Pt nanoclusters on carbon nanotubes at selected sites in a straightforward maskless manner. The as-deposited nanostructures are studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in 2D and 3D, demonstrating that the Pt nanoclusters are well-dispersed, covering the selected areas of the CNT surface completely. The ability of FEBID to graft nanoclusters on multiple sides, through an electron-transparent target within one step, is unique as a physical deposition method. Using high-resolution TEM we have shown that the CNT structure can be well preserved thanks to the low dose used in FEBID. By tuning the electron-beam parameters, the density and distribution of the nanoclusters can be controlled. The purity of as-deposited nanoclusters can be improved by low-energy electron irradiation at room temperature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000314499700001	Publication Date	2013-02-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2190-4286;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.127	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	262348 ESMI; 246791 COUNTATOMS; FWO G002410N; ESF Cost Action NanoTP MP0901			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.127; 2013 IF: 2.332
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:106187			Serial	1848
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	Author	Verheyen, E.; Jo, C.; Kurttepeli, M.; Vanbutsele, G.; Gobechiya, E.; Korányi, T.I.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ryoo, R.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Martens, J.A.;
	Title	Molecular shape-selectivity of MFI zeolite nanosheets in n-decane isomerization and hydrocracking			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal of catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	J Catal
	Volume	300	Issue		Pages	70-80
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	MFI zeolite nanosheets with thickness of 2 and 8 nm were synthesized, transformed into bifunctional catalysts by loading with platinum and tested in n-decane isomerization and hydrocracking. Detailed analysis of skeletal isomers and hydrocracked products revealed that the MFI nanosheets display transition-state shape-selectivity similar to bulk MFI zeolite crystals. The suppressed formation of bulky skeletal isomers and C5 cracking products are observed both in the nanosheets and the bulk crystals grown in three dimensions. This is typical for restricted transition-state shape-selectivity, characteristic for the MFI type pores. It is a first clear example of transition-state shape-selectivity inside a zeolitic nanosheet. Owing to the short diffusion path across the sheets, expression of diffusion-based discrimination of reaction products in the MFI nanosheets was limited. The 2-methylnonane formation among monobranched C10 isomers and 2,7-dimethyloctane among dibranched C10 isomers, which in MFI zeolite are favored by product diffusion, was much less favored on the nanosheets compared to the reference bulk ZSM-5 material.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	San Diego, Calif.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000317558000009	Publication Date	2013-02-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-9517;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.844	Times cited	121	Open Access
	Notes	Methusalem; IAP; Countatoms			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.844; 2013 IF: 6.073
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:106186			Serial	2181
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	Author	De Schutter, B.; Devulder, W.; Schrauwen, A.; van Stiphout, K.; Perkisas, T.; Bals, S.; Vantomme, A.; Detavernier, C.
	Title	Phase formation in intermixed NiGe thin films : influence of Ge content and low-temperature nucleation of hexagonal nickel germanides			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Microelectronic engineering	Abbreviated Journal	Microelectron Eng
	Volume	120	Issue		Pages	168-173
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In this study, we focus on phase formation in intermixed NiGe thin films as they represent a simplified model of the small intermixed interface layer that is believed to form upon deposition of Ni on Ge and where initial phase formation happens. A combinatorial sputter deposition technique was used to co-deposit a range of intermixed NiGe thin films with Ge concentrations varying between 0 and 50 at.%Ge in a single deposition on both Ge (100) and inert SiO2 substrates. In situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy where used to study phase formation. In almost the entire composition range under investigation, crystalline phases where found to be present in the as-deposited films. Between 36 and 48 at.%Ge, high-temperature hexagonal nickel germanides were found to occur metastabily below 300 °C, both on SiO2 and Ge (100) substrates. For Ge concentrations in the range between 36 and 42 at.%, this hexagonal germanide phase was even found to be present at room temperature in the as-deposited films. The results obtained in this work could provide more insight in the phase sequence of a pure Ni film on Ge.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000336697300028	Publication Date	2013-09-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0167-9317;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.806	Times cited	9	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	FWO project Nr. G076112N			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.806; 2014 IF: 1.197
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116958			Serial	2584
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	Author	Verbruggen, S.W.; Deng, S.; Kurttepeli, M.; Cott, D.J.; Vereecken, P.M.; Bals, S.; Martens, J.A.; Detavernier, C.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Photocatalytic acetaldehyde oxidation in air using spacious TiO₂ films prepared by atomic layer deposition on supported carbonaceous sacrificial templates			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	160	Issue		Pages	204-210
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Supported carbon nanosheets and carbon nanotubes served as sacrificial templates for preparing spacious TiO2 photocatalytic thin films. Amorphous TiO2 was deposited conformally on the carbonaceous template material by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Upon calcination at 550 °C, the carbon template was oxidatively removed and the as-deposited continuous amorphous TiO2 layers transformed into interlinked anatase nanoparticles with an overall morphology commensurate to the original template structure. The effect of type of template, number of ALD cycles and gas residence time of pollutant on the photocatalytic activity, as well as the stability of the photocatalytic performance of these thin films was investigated. The TiO2 films exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity toward photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde in air as a model reaction for photocatalytic indoor air pollution abatement. Optimized films outperformed a reference film of commercial PC500.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000340687900024	Publication Date	2014-05-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	37	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	335078 Colouratom; Iap-Pai P7/05; Fwo; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446; 2014 IF: 7.435
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117094			Serial	2608
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	Author	Chen, D.; Goris, B.; Bleichrodt, F.; Heidari Mezerji, H.; Bals, S.; Batenburg, K.J.; de With, G.; Friedrich, H.
	Title	The properties of SIRT, TVM, and DART for 3D imaging of tubular domains in nanocomposite thin-films and sections			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	147	Issue		Pages	137-148
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In electron tomography, the fidelity of the 3D reconstruction strongly depends on the employed reconstruction algorithm. In this paper, the properties of SIRT, TVM and DART reconstructions are studied with respect to having only a limited number of electrons available for imaging and applying different angular sampling schemes. A well-defined realistic model is generated, which consists of tubular domains within a matrix having slab-geometry. Subsequently, the electron tomography workflow is simulated from calculated tilt-series over experimental effects to reconstruction. In comparison with the model, the fidelity of each reconstruction method is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively based on global and local edge profiles and resolvable distance between particles. Results show that the performance of all reconstruction methods declines with the total electron dose. Overall, SIRT algorithm is the most stable method and insensitive to changes in angular sampling. TVM algorithm yields significantly sharper edges in the reconstruction, but the edge positions are strongly influenced by the tilt scheme and the tubular objects become thinned. The DART algorithm markedly suppresses the elongation artifacts along the beam direction and moreover segments the reconstruction which can be considered a significant advantage for quantification. Finally, no advantage of TVM and DART to deal better with fewer projections was observed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000343157400015	Publication Date	2014-08-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	42	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2014 IF: 2.436
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:119073			Serial	2729
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	Author	Heidari, H.; van den Broek, W.; Bals, S.
	Title	Quantitative electron tomography : the effect of the three-dimensional point spread function			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	135	Issue		Pages	1-5
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The intensity levels in a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, obtained by electron tomography, can be influenced by several experimental imperfections. Such artifacts will hamper a quantitative interpretation of the results. In this paper, we will correct for artificial intensity variations by determining the 3D point spread function (PSF) of a tomographic reconstruction based on high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The large tails of the PSF cause an underestimation of the intensity of smaller particles, which in turn hampers an accurate radius estimate. Here, the error introduced by the PSF is quantified and corrected a posteriori.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000326941500001	Publication Date	2013-06-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem2; Sunflower; esteem2_jra4			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2013 IF: 2.745
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:111397			Serial	2756
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	Author	Smeulders, G.; van Oers, C.; Van Havenbergh, K.; Houthoofd, K.; Mertens, M.; Martens, J.A.; Bals, S.; Maes, B.U.W.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.
	Title	Smart heating profiles for the synthesis of benzene bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	175	Issue		Pages	585-591
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Organic synthesis (ORSY)
	Abstract	In this study the effects of the heating rate and heating time on the formation of crystal-like benzene bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) are investigated. The time needed to heat up an autoclave during the hydrothermal treatment has shown to be crucial in the synthesis of PMOs, while the total duration of heating gave rise to only minor differences. By choosing a smart heating profile, superior PMO materials can be obtained in a short time. Different heating profiles in a range from one minute to one hour are adopted by microwave equipment and compared with conventional heating methods. The heating rate has a large influence on the porosity characteristics and the uniformity of the obtained particles. Moreover, two new alternative synthetic strategies to adopt the smart heating profile are presented, in order to give some possible solutions for the expensive microwave equipment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000297875900069	Publication Date	2011-10-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Goa-Bof			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216; 2011 IF: 3.461
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93630			Serial	3044
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	Author	Ribbens, S.; Beyers, E.; Schellens, K.; Mertens, M.; Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.
	Title	Systematic evaluation of thermal and mechanical stability of different commercial and synthetic photocatalysts in relation to their photocatalytic activity			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Microporous and mesoporous materials: zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials	Abbreviated Journal	Micropor Mesopor Mat
	Volume	156	Issue		Pages	62-72
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	The effect of thermal treatment and mechanical stress on the structural and photocatalytic properties of eight different (synthetic and commercial) photocatalysts has been thoroughly investigated. Different mesoporous Ti-based materials were prepared via surfactant based synthesis routes (e.g. Pluronic 123, CTMABr = Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) or via template-free synthesis routes (e.g. trititanate nanotubes). Also, the stabilizing effect of the NaOH/NH4OH post-treatment on the templated mesoporous materials and their photocatalytic activity was investigated. Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical properties of commercially available titanium dioxides such as P25 Evonik® and Millenium PC500® were studied. The various photocatalysts were analyzed with N2-sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) to obtain information concerning the specific surface area, pore volume, crystal structure, morphology, phase transitions, etc. In general, results show that the NaOH post-treatment leads to an increased control of the crystallization process during calcination resulting in a higher thermal stability, but at the same time diminishes the photocatalytic activity. Mesoporous materials in which pre-synthesized nanoparticles are used as titania source have the best mechanical stability whereas the mechanical stability of the nanotubes is the most limited. At increased temperatures and pressures, the tested commercial titanium dioxides lose their superior photocatalytic activity caused by a decreased accessibility of the active sites. The observed changes in adsorption capacities and photocatalytic activities cannot be assigned to one single phenomenon. In this respect, it shows the need to define a general/standard method to compare different photocatalysts. Furthermore, it is shown that the photocatalytic properties do not necessarily deteriorate under thermal stress, but can be improved due to crystallization, even though the initial material is (partially) destroyed. It is shown that the usefulness of a specific type of photocatalyst strongly depends on the application and the temperature/pressure to which it needs to resist.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000303625200010	Publication Date	2012-02-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1387-1811;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.615	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.615; 2012 IF: 3.365
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:96910			Serial	3466
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	Author	Adam, N.; Leroux, F.; Knapen, D.; Bals, S.; Blust, R.
	Title	The uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in the water-flea Daphnia magna under acute exposure scenarios			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Environmental pollution	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Pollut
	Volume	194	Issue		Pages	130-137
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Veterinary physiology and biochemistry
	Abstract	In this study the uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles by Daphnia magna was tested. Daphnids were exposed during 48 h to acute concentrations of the nanoparticles and corresponding metal salts. The Daphnia zinc and copper concentration was measured and the nanoparticles were localized using electron microscopy. The aggregation and dissolution in the medium was characterized. A fast dissolution of ZnO in the medium was observed, while most CuO formed large aggregates and only a small fraction dissolved. The Daphnia zinc concentration was comparable for the nanoparticles and salts. Contrarily, a much higher Daphnia copper concentration was observed in the CuO exposure, compared to the copper salt. CuO nanoparticles adsorbed onto the carapace and occurred in the gut but did not internalize in the tissues. The combined dissolution and uptake results indicate that the toxicity of both nanoparticle types was caused by metal ions dissolved from the particles in the medium.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000342530800016	Publication Date	2014-08-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0269-7491;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.099	Times cited	45	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; We would like to thank Valentine Mubiana and Steven Joosen (Sphere, UA) for performing the ICP-OES and ICP-MS measurements and Prof. Dr. Gustaaf Van Tendeloo for making the collaboration between the EMAT and Sphere group possible. Additional thanks go to the European Commission for funding this work through the project ENNSATOX (NMP4-SL-2009-229244). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.099; 2014 IF: 4.143
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:118326			Serial	3823
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	Author	van Oers, C.J.; Kurttepeli, M.; Mertens, M.; Bals, S.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.
	Title	Zeolite \beta nanoparticles based bimodal structures : mechanism and tuning of the porosity and zeolitic properties			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Microporous and mesoporous materials: zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials	Abbreviated Journal	Micropor Mesopor Mat
	Volume	185	Issue		Pages	204-212
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Despite great efforts in the research area of zeolite nanoparticles and their use in the synthesis of bimodal materials, still little is known about the impact of the synthesis conditions of the zeolite nanoparticles on its own characteristics, and on the properties and the formation mechanism of the final bimodal materials. A zeolite β nanoparticles solution is applied in a mesotemplate-free synthesis method, and the influence of the hydrothermal ageing temperature of the nanoparticles solution on both the zeolitic and porosity characteristics of the final bimodal material has been studied. Transmission electron microscopy in combination with 3-dimensional reconstructions obtained by electron tomography revealed that the zeolite β nanoparticles are connected by neck-like structures, thus creating a wormhole-like mesoporous material. Considering the zeolitic properties, a clear threshold is observed in the synthesis temperature series at 413 K. Below and at this threshold, the biporous materials show no apparent zeolitic characteristics, although these materials exhibit a more condensed and uniform SiOSi network in comparison to Al-MCF. Synthesis temperatures above the threshold lead to bimodal structures with defined zeolitic properties. Moreover, the dimensions of the nanoparticles are studied by TEM, revealing an increasing particle size with increasing temperature under the threshold of 413 K, which is in agreement with a sol-mechanism. This mechanism is disturbed after the threshold due to the start of the crystallisation process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000330930400025	Publication Date	2013-11-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1387-1811;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.615	Times cited	10	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	262348 Esmi			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.615; 2014 IF: 3.453
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:112501			Serial	3930
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	Author	Kalesaki, E.; Boneschanscher, M.P.; Geuchies, J.J.; Delerue, C.; Morais Smith, C.; Evers, W.H.; Allan, G.; Altantzis, T.; Bals, S.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.
	Title	Preparation and study of 2-D semiconductors with Dirac type bands due to the honeycomb nanogeometry			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2014	Publication	Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers T2 – Proceedings of SPIE	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8981	Issue		Pages	898107-898107
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The interest in 2-dimensional systems with a honeycomb lattice and related Dirac-type electronic bands has exceeded the prototype graphene1. Currently, 2-dimensional atomic2,3 and nanoscale4-8 systems are extensively investigated in the search for materials with novel electronic properties that can be tailored by geometry. The immediate question that arises is how to fabricate 2-D semiconductors that have a honeycomb nanogeometry, and as a consequence of that, display a Dirac-type band structure? Here, we show that atomically coherent honeycomb superlattices of rocksalt (PbSe, PbTe) and zincblende (CdSe, CdTe) semiconductors can be obtained by nanocrystal self-assembly and facet-to-facet atomic bonding, and subsequent cation exchange. We present a extended structural analysis of atomically coherent 2-D honeycomb structures that were recently obtained with self-assembly and facet-to-facet bonding9. We show that this process may in principle lead to three different types of honeycomb structures, one with a graphene type-, and two others with a silicene-type structure. Using TEM, electron diffraction, STM and GISAXS it is convincingly shown that the structures are from the silicene-type. In the second part of this work, we describe the electronic structure of graphene-type and silicene type honeycomb semiconductors. We present the results of advanced electronic structure calculations using the sp3d5s* atomistic tight-binding method10. For simplicity, we focus on semiconductors with a simple and single conduction band for the native bulk semiconductor. When the 3-D geometry is changed into 2-D honeycomb, a conduction band structure transformation to two types of Dirac cones, one for S- and one for P-orbitals, is observed. The width of the bands depends on the honeycomb period and the coupling between the nanocrystals. Furthermore, there is a dispersionless P-orbital band, which also forms a landmark of the honeycomb structure. The effects of considerable intrinsic spin-orbit coupling are briefly considered. For heavy-element compounds such as CdTe, strong intrinsic spin-‐orbit coupling opens a non-trivial gap at the P-orbital Dirac point, leading to a quantum Spin Hall effect10-12. Our work shows that well known semiconductor crystals, known for centuries, can lead to systems with entirely new electronic properties, by the simple action of nanogeometry. It can be foreseen that such structures will play a key role in future opto-electronic applications, provided that they can be fabricated in a straightforward way.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000336040600004	Publication Date	2014-03-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	2	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work has been supported by funding of the French National Research Agency [ANR, (ANR-‐09-‐BLAN-‐0421-‐01)], NWO and the Dutch organization FOM [Programs “Control over Functional Nanoparticle Solids” (FNPS) and “Designing Dirac Carriers in Semiconductors”			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	c:irua:131912			Serial	4039
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	Author	Zanaga, D.; Altantzis, T.; Sanctorum, J.; Freitag, B.; Bals, S.
	Title	An alternative approach for \zeta-factor measurement using pure element nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	164	Issue		Pages	11-16
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	It is very challenging to measure the chemical composition of hetero nanostructures in a reliable and quantitative manner. Here, we propose a novel and straightforward approach that can be used to quantify energy dispersive X-ray spectra acquired in a transmission electron microscope. Our method is based on a combination of electron tomography and the so-called zeta-factor technique. We will demonstrate the reliability of our approach as well as its applicability by investigating Au-Ag and Au-Pt hetero nanostructures. Given its simplicity, we expect that the method could become a new standard in the field of chemical characterization using electron microscopy. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000373526200002	Publication Date	2016-03-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	19	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS) and the European Union under the FP7 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative N. 312483 – ESTEEM2). ; ecas_Sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:133259			Serial	4439
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	Author	Rodal-Cedeira, S.; Vázquez-Arias, A.; Bodelon, G.; Skorikov, A.; Núñez-Sanchez, S.; La Porta, A.; Polavarapu, L.; Bals, S.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Perez-Juste, J.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.
	Title	An Expanded Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Tags Library by Combinatorial Encapsulation of Reporter Molecules in Metal Nanoshells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Acs Nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Raman-encoded gold nanoparticles have been widely employed as photostable multifunctional probes for sensing, bioimaging, multiplex diagnostics, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-guided tumor therapy. We report a strategy toward obtaining a particularly large library of Au nanocapsules encoded with Raman codes defined by the combination of different thiol-free Raman reporters, encapsulated at defined molar ratios. The fabrication of SERS tags with tailored size and pre-defined codes is based on the in situ incorporation of Raman reporter molecules inside Au nanocapsules during their formation via Galvanic replacement coupled to seeded growth on Ag NPs. The hole-free closed shell structure of the nanocapsules is confirmed by electron tomography. The unusually wide encoding possibilities of the obtained SERS tags are investigated by means of either wavenumber-based encoding or Raman frequency combined with signal intensity, leading to an outstanding performance as exemplified by 26 and 54 different codes, respectively. We additionally demonstrate that encoded nanocapsules can be readily bioconjugated with antibodies for applications such as SERS-based targeted cell imaging and phenotyping.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000595533800019	Publication Date	2020-09-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	17.1	Times cited	14	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	L.M.L.-M. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC-AdG-4DbioSERS-787510) and the Spanish State Research Agency (Grant No. MDM-2017-0720 and PID2019-108954RB-I00). I.P.-S. and J.P.-J. acknowledge financial support from the Spanish State Research Agency (Grant No. MAT2016-77809-R)) and Ramon Areces Foundation (Grant No. SERSforSAFETY). G.B. acknowledges financial support from CINBIO (Grant number ED431G 2019/07 Xunta de Galicia). S.B. and A.S. acknowledge financial support by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO grant G038116N). This project received funding as well from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 731019 (EUSMI). S.B. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant #815128 REALNANO). We thank Carlos Fernández-Lodeiro and Daniel García-Lojo for their helpful contribution to the SEM characterization and SERS analysis and Veronica Montes-García for her fruitful contribution in the PCA analysis.; sygma			Approved	Most recent IF: 17.1; 2020 IF: 13.942
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:172492			Serial	6403
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	Author	Vanrompay, H.; Skorikov, A.; Bladt, E.; Béché, A.; Freitag, B.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.
	Title	Fast versus conventional HAADF-STEM tomography of nanoparticles: advantages and challenges			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	221	Issue		Pages	113191
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	HAADF-STEM tomography is a widely used experimental technique for analyzing nanometer-scale crystalline structures of a large variety of materials in three dimensions. Unfortunately, the acquisition of conventional HAADF-STEM tilt series can easily take up one hour or more, depending on the complexity of the experiment. It is therefore far from straightforward to investigate samples that do not withstand long acquisition or to acquire large amounts of tilt series during a single TEM experiment. The latter would lead to the ability to obtain statistically meaningful 3D data, or to perform in situ 3D characterizations with a much shorter time resolution. Various HAADF-STEM acquisition strategies have been proposed to accelerate the tomographic acquisition and reduce the required electron dose. These methods include tilting the holder continuously while acquiring a projection “movie” and a hybrid, incremental, methodology which combines the benefits of the conventional and continuous technique. However, until now an experimental evaluation has been lacking. In this paper, the different acquisition strategies will be experimentally compared in terms of speed, resolution and electron dose. This evaluation will be performed based on experimental tilt series acquired for various metallic nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes. We discuss the data processing involved with the fast HAADF-STEM tilt series and provide a general guideline when which acquisition strategy should be preferentially used.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000612539600003	Publication Date	2020-12-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	15	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We acknowledge Prof. Luis M. Liz-Marzán and co-workers of the Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Spain for providing the Au@Ag nanoparticles, Prof. Sara. E. Skrabalak and co-workers of Indiana University, United States for the provision of the Au octopods and Prof. Teri W. Odom of Northwestern University, United States for the provision of the Au nanostars. H.V. acknowledges financial support by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO grant 1S32617N). S.B acknowledges financial support by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO grant G.0381.16N). This project received funding as well from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 731019 (EUSMI) and No 815128 (REALNANO). The authors acknowledge the entire EMAT technical staff for their support.; sygma			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:174551			Serial	6660
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	Author	Milagres de Oliveira, T.; Albrecht, W.; González-Rubio, G.; Altantzis, T.; Lobato Hoyos, I.P.; Béché, A.; Van Aert, S.; Guerrero-Martínez, A.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Bals, S.
	Title	3D Characterization and Plasmon Mapping of Gold Nanorods Welded by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Acs Nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	14	Issue		Pages	acsnano.0c02610
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	Ultrafast laser irradiation can induce morphological and structural changes in plasmonic nanoparticles. Gold nanorods (Au NRs), in particular, can be welded together upon irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses, leading to dimers and trimers through the formation of necks between individual nanorods. We used electron tomography to determine the 3D (atomic) structure at such necks for representative welding geometries and to characterize the induced defects. The spatial distribution of localized surface plasmon modes for different welding configurations was assessed by electron energy loss spectroscopy. Additionally, we were able to directly compare the plasmon line width of single-crystalline and welded Au NRs with single defects at the same resonance energy, thus making a direct link between the structural and plasmonic properties. In this manner, we show that the occurrence of (single) defects results in significant plasmon broadening.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000586793400016	Publication Date	2020-08-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	17.1	Times cited	25	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This project has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC Consolidator Grants #815128 – REALNANO and #770887 – PICOMETRICS). The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project funding G.0381.16N and G.0267.18N. W.A. acknowledges an Individual Fellowship funded by the Marie 27 Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) in Horizon 2020 program (grant 797153, SOPMEN). G.G.-R. acknowledge receipt of FPI Fellowship from the Spanish MINECO. This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) (Grants RTI2018-095844-B-I00 and MAT2017-86659-R) and the Madrid Regional Government (Grant P2018/NMT-4389). A.B. acknowledges funding from FWO project G093417N and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3. L.M.L.-M. acknowledges the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program from the Spanish State Research Agency (Grant No. MDM-2017-0720); Comunidad de Madrid, P2018/NMT-4389 ; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MAT2017-86659-R RTI2018-095844-B-I00 ; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, 797153 ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0267.18N G.0381.16N G093417N ; H2020 Research Infrastructures, 823717 ; H2020 European Research Council, 770887 815128 ; Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MDM-2017-0720 ; sygma			Approved	Most recent IF: 17.1; 2020 IF: 13.942
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:172440			Serial	6426
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	Author	Irtem, E.; Arenas Esteban, D.; Duarte, M.; Choukroun, D.; Lee, S.; Ibáñez, M.; Bals, S.; Breugelmans, T.
	Title	Ligand-Mode Directed Selectivity in Cu–Ag Core–Shell Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO₂Electroreduction			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Acs Catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Catal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	13468-13478
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	Bimetallic nanoparticles with tailored size and specific composition have shown promise as stable and selective catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2R) in batch systems. Yet, limited effort was devoted to understand the effect of ligand coverage and postsynthesis treatments on CO2 reduction, especially under industrially applicable conditions, such as at high currents (>100 mA/cm2) using gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) and flow reactors. In this work, Cu–Ag core–shell nanoparticles (11 ± 2 nm) were prepared with three different surface modes: (i) capped with oleylamine, (ii) capped with monoisopropylamine, and (iii) surfactant free with a reducing borohydride agent; Cu–Ag (OAm), Cu–Ag (MIPA), and Cu–Ag (NaBH4), respectively. The ligand exchange and removal was evidenced by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis, whereas high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) showed their effect on the interparticle distance and nanoparticle rearrangement. Later on, we developed a process-on-substrate method to track these effects on CO2R. Cu–Ag (OAm) gave a lower on-set potential for hydrocarbon production, whereas Cu–Ag (MIPA) and Cu–Ag (NaBH4) promoted syngas production. The electrochemical impedance and surface area analysis on the well-controlled electrodes showed gradual increases in the electrical conductivity and active surface area after each surface treatment. We found that the increasing amount of the triple phase boundaries (the meeting point for the electron–electrolyte–CO2 reactant) affect the required electrode potential and eventually the C+2e̅/C2e̅ product ratio. This study highlights the importance of the electron transfer to those active sites affected by the capping agents—particularly on larger substrates that are crucial for their industrial application.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000592978900031	Publication Date	2020-11-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2155-5435	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.9	Times cited	23	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors also acknowledge financial support from the University Research Fund (BOF-GOA-PS ID No. 33928). S.L. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie SkłodowskaCurie Grant Agreement No. 665385.			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.9; 2020 IF: 10.614
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:173803			Serial	6432
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