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	Author	Barhoum, A.; Van Assche, G.; Rahier, H.; Fleisch, M.; Bals, S.; Delplancked, M.-P.; Leroux, F.; Bahnemann, D.
	Title	Sol-gel hot injection synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles into a porous silica matrix and reaction mechanism			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Materials & design	Abbreviated Journal	Mater Design
	Volume	119	Issue	119	Pages	270-276
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Despite the enormous interest in the properties and applications of porous silica matrix, only a few attempts have been reported to deposit metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) inside the porous silica matrix. We report a simple approach (i.e. sol-gel hot injection) for insitu synthesis of ZnO NPs inside a porous silica matrix. Control of the Zn:Si molar ratio, reaction temperature, pH value, and annealing temperature permits formation of ZnO NPs (<= 10 nm) inside a porous silica particles, without additives or organic solvents. Results revealed that a solid state reaction inside the ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposites occurs with increasing the annealing temperature. The reaction of ZnO NPs with SiO2 matrix was insignificant up to approximately 500 degrees C. However, ZnO NPs react strongly with the silica matrix when the nanocomposites are annealed at temperatures above 700 degrees C. Extensive annealing of the ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposite at 900 degrees C yields 3D structures made of 500 nm rod-like, 5-7 pm tube-like and 35 pm needle-like Zn2SiO4 crystals. A possible mechanism for forming ZnO NPs inside porous silica matrix and phase transformation of the ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposites into 3D architectures of Zn2SiO4 are carefully discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000397360000030	Publication Date	2017-01-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0264-1275	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.364	Times cited	43	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; A.B. would like to thank FWO – Research Foundation Flanders (grant no. V450315N) and the Strategic Initiative Materials in Flanders (SBO-project no. 130529 – INSITU) for financial support. TEM and TEM-EDX analyses were performed by Dr. F. Leroux (EMAT, Universiteit Antwerpen). XRD and DSC measurements were performed by T. Segato (4MAT, Universite Libre de Bruxelles). Notes: the authors declare no competing for financial interest. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.364
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:142394UA @ admin @ c:irua:142394			Serial	4689
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	Author	Longo, R.; Ferrarotti, M.; Garcia Sánchez, C.; Derudi, M.; Parente, A.
	Title	Advanced turbulence models and boundary conditions for flows around different configurations of ground-mounted buildings			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics	Abbreviated Journal	J Wind Eng Ind Aerod
	Volume	167	Issue		Pages	160-182
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	When dealing with Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) simulations, commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) acquires a strategic resonance. Thanks to its good compromise between accuracy of results and calculation time, RANS still represents a valid alternative to more resource-demanding methods. However, focusing on the models' performances in urban studies, LES generally outmatches RANS results, even if the former is at least one order of magnitude more expensive. Consequently, the present work aims to propose a variety of approaches meant to solve some of the major problems linked to RANS simulations and to further improve its accuracy in typical urban contexts. All of these models are capable of switching from an undisturbed flux formulation to a disturbed one through a local deviation or a marker function. For undisturbed flows, a comprehensive approach is adopted, solving the issue of the erroneous stream-wise gradients affecting the turbulent profiles. Around obstacles, Non-Linear Eddy-Viscosity closures are adopted, due to their prominent capability in capturing the anisotropy of turbulence. The purpose of this work is then to propose a new Building Influence Area concept and to offer more affordable alternatives to LES simulations without sacrificing a good grade of accuracy.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000405766600013	Publication Date	2017-05-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0167-6105	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.049	Times cited	9	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.049
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:145191			Serial	4713
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	Author	Hunter, E.C.; Battle, P.D.; Sena, R.P.; Hadermann, J.
	Title	Ferrimagnetism as a consequence of cation ordering in the perovskite LaSr2Cr2SbO9			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of solid state chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	J Solid State Chem
	Volume	248	Issue		Pages	96-103
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A polycrystalline sample of LaSr2Cr2SbO9 has been synthesised using a standard ceramic method and characterized by x-ray and neutron diffraction, magnetometry and electron microscopy. The perovskite-related compound crystallises in the triclinic space group I1 with unit cell parameters of a=5.5344(6) angstrom, b=5.5562(5) angstrom, c=7.8292(7) angstrom, a=89.986(12)degrees, beta=90.350(5)degrees and gamma=89.926(9)degrees at room temperature. The two crystallographically-distinct, six-coordinate cation sites are occupied by Cr3+ and Sb5+ in ratios of 0.868(2):0.132(2) and 0.462(2):0.538(2). Ac and de magnetometry revealed that LaSr2Cr2SbO9 is ferrimagnetic below 150 K with a magnetisation of similar to 1.25 mu(B) per formula unit in 50 kOe at 5 K. Neutron diffraction showed that the cations on the two sites order in a G-type arrangement with a mean Cr3+ moment of 2.17(1) mu(B) at 5 K, consistent with a magnetisation of 1.32 mu(B) per formula unit.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000396386300012	Publication Date	2017-01-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-4596	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.299	Times cited	14	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; Experiments at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source were supported by the STFC. We are grateful to I. da Silva for the assistance provided at ISIS and to the EPSRC for financial support under Grant EP/M018954/1. We also thank Diamond Light Source Ltd (EE13284) for the award of beamtime. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.299
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:142413			Serial	4657
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	Author	Cuypers, B.; Vermeylen, S.; Hammerschmid, D.; Trashin, S.; Rahemi, V.; Konijnenberg, A.; De Schutter, A.; Cheng, C.-H.C.; Giordano, D.; Verde, C.; De Wael, K.; Sobott, F.; Dewilde, S.; Van Doorslaer, S.
	Title	Antarctic fish versus human cytoglobins : the same but yet so different			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of inorganic biochemistry	Abbreviated Journal	J Inorg Biochem
	Volume	173	Issue		Pages	66-78
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The cytoglobins of the Antarctic fish Chaenocephalus aceratus and Dissostichus mawsoni have many features in common with human cytoglobin. These cytoglobins are heme proteins in which the ferric and ferrous forms have a characteristic hexacoordination of the heme iron, i.e. axial ligation of two endogenous histidine residues, as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance, resonance Raman and optical absorption spectroscopy. The combined spectroscopic analysis revealed only small variations in the heme-pocket structure, in line with the small variations observed for the redox potential. Nevertheless, some striking differences were also discovered. Resonance Raman spectroscopy showed that the stabilization of an exogenous heme ligand, such as CO, occurs differently in human cytoglobin in comparison with Antarctic fish cytoglobins. Furthermore, while it has been extensively reported that human cytoglobin is essentially monomeric and can form an intramolecular disulfide bridge that can influence the ligand binding kinetics, 3D modeling of the Antarctic fish cytoglobins indicates that the cysteine residues are too far apart to form such an intramolecular bridge. Moreover, gel filtration and mass spectrometry reveal the occurrence of non-covalent multimers (up to pentamers) in the Antarctic fish cytoglobins that are formed at low concentrations. Stabilization of these oligomers by disulfide-bridge formation is possible, but not essential. If intermolecular disulfide bridges are formed, they influence the heme-pocket structure, as is shown by EPR measurements.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000405159600007	Publication Date	2017-04-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0162-0134	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.348	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge the support of the University of Antwerp GOA-BOF funding (28312), FWO funding (G.0687.13) and the Hercules foundation for funding of the Synapt G2 instrument. This study was carried out in the framework of the SCAR program “Antarctic Thresholds – Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation” (AnT-ERA). It was financially supported by the Italian National Program for Antarctic Research (PNRA). Research of A. De Schutter is funded by a PhD grant of the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (121339) (IWT, Belgium). C-H C. Cheng acknowledges funding support from US National Science Foundation Polar Programs (ANT-1142158). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.348
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:144826			Serial	5474
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	Author	Bjornavold, A.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	The lock-in effect and the greening of automotive cooling systems in the European Union			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal Of Environmental Management	Abbreviated Journal	J Environ Manage
	Volume	203	Issue	3	Pages	1199-1207
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	As of 2017, the sale and use of the refrigerants most commonly used in automotive cooling systems – hydrofluorocarbons – are entirely banned in all new vehicles placed on the market in the European Union. These refrigerants have been recognised as potent greenhouse gases and, therefore, direct contributors to climate change. It is within this regulation-driven market that the technologies for a sustainable solution have been developed. However, this paper argues that the market for automotive cooling systems has been 'locked-in', which means that competing technologies, operating under dynamic increasing returns, will allow for one – potentially inferior technology – to dominate the market. Whilst such a situation is not uncommon, this paper discusses the way that regulation has reinforced a patented monopoly in 'picking winners': to the advantage of a synthetic chemical, R-1234yf, as opposed to the natural solution, which is CO2. By developing a generic conceptual framework of path dependence and lock-in, the presented evidence seeks to show how a snowballing effect has led to the intensification of differences in market share. We also argue that the automotive industry is potentially promoting short-term fixes, rather than long-term, sustainable and economically viable solutions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000413886300035	Publication Date	2017-06-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0301-4797	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.01	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.01
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:147374			Serial	6268
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	Author	Van de Put, M.L.; Sorée, B.; Magnus, W.
	Title	Efficient solution of the Wigner-Liouville equation using a spectral decomposition of the force field			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of computational physics	Abbreviated Journal	J Comput Phys
	Volume	350	Issue		Pages	314-325
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	The Wigner-Liouville equation is reformulated using a spectral decomposition of the classical force field instead of the potential energy. The latter is shown to simplify the Wigner-Liouville kernel both conceptually and numerically as the spectral force Wigner-Liouville equation avoids the numerical evaluation of the highly oscillatory Wigner kernel which is nonlocal in both position and momentum. The quantum mechanical evolution is instead governed by a term local in space and non-local in momentum, where the non locality in momentum has only a limited range. An interpretation of the time evolution in terms of two processes is presented; a classical evolution under the influence of the averaged driving field, and a probability-preserving quantum-mechanical generation and annihilation term. Using the inherent stability and reduced complexity, a direct deterministic numerical implementation using Chebyshev and Fourier pseudo-spectral methods is detailed. For the purpose of illustration, we present results for the time evolution of a one-dimensional resonant tunneling diode driven out of equilibrium. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York	Editor
	Language		Wos	000413379000016	Publication Date	2017-09-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-9991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.744	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.744
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:146630			Serial	4780
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	Author	Peng, L.; Liu, Y.; Sun, J.; Wang, D.; Dai, X.; Ni, B.-J.
	Title	Enhancing immobilization of arsenic in groundwater: A model-based evaluation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of cleaner production	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	166	Issue		Pages	449-457
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	The mobilization of arsenic (As) in aquatic environment (groundwater) can cause severe environmental and healthy issues. To develop remediation strategies, we proposed a comprehensive mathematical model to describe the As removal in a arsenite (As (III)) oxidizing and ferrous iron (Fe (II)) oxidizing denitrifying granular biofilm system. In the model framework, the growth-linked microbial oxidation of As (III) and Fe (II) was coupled to chemolithotrophic denitrification of one-step reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas. Meanwhile, the precipitation of ferric iron (Fe (III)) and adsorption of arsenate (As (V)) onto the biogenic Fe (III) (hydr)oxides were also considered. The model was calibrated by comparing the model predictions against experimental data from batch experiments. The validity of the model was further demonstrated through testing against long-term experimental results from five independent bioreactors with different reactor configurations and operational conditions. Modeling results revealed that the granule size would exert a limited impact on arsenic and iron removal. Nevertheless, their removal efficiencies increased rapidly with the increase of hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 1 h to 12 h, but became independent of HRT as it further increased. The established model framework enables interpretation of a range of experimental observations on As and Fe removal and helps to identify the optimal conditions for enhanced arsenic remediation. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000412607100046	Publication Date	2017-08-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-6526	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:146635			Serial	7919
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	Author	Bez, R.; Zehani, K.; Batuk, M.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Mliki, N.; Bessais, L.
	Title	Structure and magnetic properties of Sm(Fe,Si)(9)C/alpha-Fe nanocomposite magnets			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of alloys and compounds	Abbreviated Journal	J Alloy Compd
	Volume	695	Issue	695	Pages	810-817
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	SmFe8.75 Si-0.25 C/alpha-Fe nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized using high energy milling, followed by annealing at 750 degrees C. The crystal structure of these compounds was characterized by the Rietveld method using powder X-ray diffraction data. By increasing the concentration of Sm, we observed a decrease in the amount of alpha-Fe phase. The morphology of the samples was determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The average grain size is about 20 nm. The magnetic properties were investigated at room temperature and at 10 K. A ferromagnetic behavior was observed in all samples at both temperatures. An increase of the soft magnetic phase alpha-Fe induced an increase in the magnetization and a decrease in coercivity. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000391817600098	Publication Date	2016-10-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0925-8388	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.133	Times cited	1	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; This work is main supported by the CNRS and the “Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur, de la Recherche Scientifique” (LR99ES17) (Tunisia), PHC-Utique (Project 11/G 1301) and PHC-Maghreb (Project 15MAG07). The authors acknowledge the French SIE doctoral school of the University Paris Est for its support. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.133
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:140380			Serial	4448
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	Author	Friedman, P.C.; Miller, V.; Fridman, G.; Lin, A.; Fridman, A.
	Title	Successful treatment of actinic keratoses using nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma : a case series			Type	L1 Letter to the editor
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	76	Issue	2	Pages	349-350
	Keywords	L1 Letter to the editor; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000396905000041	Publication Date	2017-01-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0190-9622	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:155655			Serial	8617
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	Author	Kim, E.; Roosen, J.; Horckmans, L.; Spooren, J.; Broos, K.; Binnemans, K.; Vrancken, K.C.M.; Quaghebeur, M.
	Title	Process development for hydrometallurgical recovery of valuable metals from sulfide-rich residue generated in a secondary lead smelter			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Hydrometallurgy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	169	Issue		Pages	589-598
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Two routes were investigated to selectively recover lead and minor metals (Cu, Ni, Zn) from a sulfide-rich lead smelter residue, matte. The first route comprises a two-step leaching process that combines Fe(III)-HNO3 leaching with roasting, followed by water leaching. In the first step, the efficiency of Pb leaching was 90% at the optimum condition (L/S ratio 8, 0.5 mol.L-1 HNO3, 0.15 mol.L-1 Fe(III), 25 degrees C). In the second step, roasting at 600 degrees C followed by water leaching at 50 degrees C selectively leached Ni, Cu, and Zn while fully converting iron sulfides to oxides. One-step oxidative pressure leaching in HNO3 was investigated as an alternative to simultaneously leach Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. At the optimal conditions (130 degrees C, 60 min, 0.3 mol.L-1 HNO3, 0.07 mol.L-1 Fe(III), L/S ratio 20), Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni leaching were 92, 60, 70 and 66%, respectively, while Fe leaching remained low (2%). The leachates obtained from both leaching routes were treated by ion-exchange adsorption with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) functionalized chitosan-silica hybrid materials to investigate the selective recovery of Cu, Zn and Ni. The adsorption order appeared to be in the same order as the corresponding stability constants for complexes between the respective metal ions and free DTPA: Ca(II) < Zn(II) < Pb (II) approximate to Ni(II) < Cu(II). This allows not only to selectively recover Cu, Zn and Ni from the leachates, but also to mutually separate them by using the functionalized resin as a stationary phase in column chromatography. To avoid adsorbent contamination, Fe(III) and Pb(II) may be removed from the leachates in a pre-treatment step. Based on these results, the investigated methods can be combined as process steps of two possible routes for the selective recovery of valuable metals from the studied secondary lead smelting residue. The two-step leaching process seems to be superior since a more concentrated solution of Cu, Ni, and Zn is produced in the 2nd leaching step with low capital cost.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000401878200070	Publication Date	2017-04-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-386x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:144300			Serial	8414
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	Author	Kim, E.; Horckmans, L.; Spooren, J.; Vrancken, K.C.; Quaghebeur, M.; Broos, K.
	Title	Selective leaching of Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn from secondary lead smelting residues			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Hydrometallurgy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	169	Issue		Pages	372-381
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Several HNO3-based leaching approaches were tested and optimized to selectively recover Pb and other minor metals (Cu, Ni, Zn) from secondary lead smelter residues (i.e., slag and matte). Firstly, the leaching behaviors of Pb and the matrix element Fe were studied at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 25-70 degrees C. These elements were present in both materials studied as sulfide and oxide phases. For the sulfur-rich matte residue, the Pb leaching increased from 63% to 69% upon increasing the HNO3 concentration from 0.2 M to 0.5 M. However, by adding Fe(III) as an oxidation agent, Pb leaching from the matte amounted to 90% at 25 degrees C. At a higher temperature, Pb leaching was reduced due to PbSO4 precipitation. In this process, Cu, Zn and Ni leaching was insignificant. For the slag residue, HNO3 could not leach Pb (0.03% Pb leached), while Fe leaching was 19.8% due to a galvanic effect. However, Pb leaching of the slag was 82% in the presence of additional Fe(III). Secondly, to enhance leaching of the other base metals (Cu, Zn and Ni) from the matte, roasting followed by water leaching and (microwave assisted or autoclave) pressurized leaching in 0.5 M HNO3 were applied. During roasting, the FeS phase converted to Fe2O3 above 500 degrees C, and PbS and Pb phases were transformed into insoluble PbSO4 above 400 degrees C. Cu, Ni and Zn leaching was drastically enhanced by a roasting step at 600 degrees C followed by leaching with 0.5 M HNO3 at 50 degrees C, or by pressurized HNO3 leaching above 130 degrees C, whereby Pb leaching almost ceased due to PbSO4 precipitation. During the roasting above 600 degrees C, or microwave assisted extraction (MAE) at 160 degrees C for 15 min, FeS was completely converted to iron oxides that can be used as raw material for pig iron production. Based on the results, the methods investigated can be combined as process steps of two possible routes for the selective recovery of valuable metals and the production of a clean source of Fe oxides from the secondary lead smelting residues studied. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000401878200045	Publication Date	2017-03-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-386x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:144299			Serial	8503
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	Author	Kim, E.; Horckmans, L.; Spooren, J.; Broos, K.; Vrancken, K.C.M.; Quaghebeur, M.
	Title	Recycling of a secondary lead smelting matte by selective citrate leaching of valuable metals and simultaneous recovery of hematite as a secondary resource			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Hydrometallurgy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	169	Issue		Pages	290-296
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Anew recycling process, according to the zero-waste concept, was investigated for an iron rich waste stream, more specifically a secondary lead smelting matte. The process consists of a selective citrate leaching of Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn in combination with a roasting step, leading to a simultaneous recovery of hematite as a secondary iron resource. The parameters, such as leaching time, leaching temperature, H2O2 concentration and roasting temperature, were experimentally optimized. The maximum Pb leaching efficiency was 93% and the leachability of Cu (33%) and Zn (11%) increased slightly in the presence of 0.5 M H2O2 in 1 M citrate at 25 degrees C and pH 5.5. Importantly, almost no Fe was leached (< 0.6%) from the iron rich matrix material at this condition allowing for a maximal recovery of hematite as a secondary resource after further treatment (i.e. roasting or sulfur removal). The leachability of Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn was strongly affected by the roasting temperature. Maximum leaching efficiency in 1 M citrate (25 degrees C, L/S ratio 10, pH 6.5) was 93% for Pb, 80% for Cu and 60% for Zn at a roasting temperature of 600 degrees C, while for Ni the maximum leaching efficiency of 53% was reached after roasting at 650 degrees C. Furthermore, when oxidative roasting was applied, the leaching residue consists dominantly of hematite (Fe2O3) with minor quantities of PbSO4, which can be used as pig iron ore (Fe > 60 wt%). (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000401878200035	Publication Date	2017-02-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-386x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:144298			Serial	8463
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Rezaei, M.; De Pue, J.; Seuntjens, P.; Joris, I.; Cornelis, W.
	Title	Quasi 3D modelling of vadose zone soil-water flow for optimizing irrigation strategies : challenges, uncertainties and efficiencies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Environmental modelling and software	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	93	Issue		Pages	59-77
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	A quasi 3D modelling approach was developed by integrating a crop growth (LINGRA-N) and a hydrological model (Hydrus-1D) to simulate and visualize water flow, soil-water storage, water stress and crop yield over a heterogeneous sandy field. We assessed computational efficiency and uncertainty with low to high-spatial resolution input factors (soil-hydraulic properties, soil-layer thickness and groundwater level) and evaluated four irrigation scenarios (no, current, optimized and triggered) to find the optimal and cost-effective irrigation scheduling. Numerical results showed that the simulation uncertainty was reduced when using the high-resolution information while a fast performance was maintained. The approach accurately determined the field scale irrigation requirements, taking into account spatial variations of input information. Optimal irrigation scheduling is obtained by triggered-irrigation resulting in saving up to similar to 300% water as compared to the current-irrigation, while yield increased similar to 1%. Overall, the approach can be useful to help decision makers and applicants in precision farming. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000403512500005	Publication Date	2017-03-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1364-8152	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:144167			Serial	8445
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bencs, L.; Horemans, B.; Buczyńska, A.J.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Uneven distribution of inorganic pollutants in marine air originating from ocean-going ships			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Environmental pollution	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	222	Issue		Pages	226-233
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The distribution of mass, water-soluble inorganic salts and mineral elements of size-segregated aerosols (PM1, PM2.5-1 and PM10-2.5), precursor gaseous pollutants, black carbon, and nanoparticles (10-300 nm size range) at the Southern Bight of the North Sea has been studied. The concentrations of air pollutants peaked over shipping lanes, open-water anchorage areas and frequently navigated waters, due to the presence of mobile emission sources. A considerable decrease in air pollutant levels was seen when diverting from these marine areas towards remote or coastal banks. These findings showed the rapid dispersion of pollutants in the marine air. The nano-aerosol count, originating from ocean-going ships, peaked at lower average aerodynamic diameters (e.g., approximate to 28 nm) than those, observed from low displacement vessels (45-50 nm, e.g., for fishing boats). The average diameter of nano-PM depended also on weather conditions, e.g., it was higher (approximate to 50 nm) in air of higher humidity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000395360900028	Publication Date	2017-01-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0269-7491; 1873-6424	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:142516			Serial	8710
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Maes, D.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	An agent-based model of farmer behaviour to explain the limited adaptability of Flemish agriculture			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	22	Issue		Pages	63-77
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Transition projects have been implemented for Flemish agriculture since 2003, but these did not enable a transformation of the agricultural sector. This paper looks at pre-transition scenarios that have been collectively designed by stakeholders of the agricultural sector in 2002. These foresaw decreases in the regional animal stocks in Flanders. However, the real evolution of the sector did not reveal such a decrease. It is assumed that the individual adaptive behaviour of farmers can explain the unexpected stability of the Flemish agricultural sector. A detailed agent-based model has been built to replicate the past evolution, accounting for structural diversity of farmers, heterogeneity in behaviour, and natural resource constraints. The results indicate that different forms of rigidity in the individual behaviour of farmers slow down the adaptation of the agricultural sector. Future transition scenarios should account for these elements in order not to overestimate the speed of change in the sector. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000400269900006	Publication Date	2016-07-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2210-4224	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; This project was financed by the Impuls-project of the Transnational University Limburg (TUL, Belgium and theNetherlands). A prior version of the results was presented in September 2014 at the 10th annual meeting of the European Social Simulation Association (ESSA) in Barcelona; the remarks from participants improved this manuscript. Thecomputational resources and services in support of this study were provided by the Hercules Foundation and the Flemish Government-department EWI. Prof. Steven Van Passel thanks DG Agriculture (European Commission) for access to theFarm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). All remaining errors are the sole responsibility of the authors. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:143721			Serial	6150
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Pour, M.D.; Motiee, N.; Barati, A.A.; Taheri, F.; Azadi, H.; Gebrehiwot, K.; Lebailly, P.; Van Passel, S.; Witlox, F.
	Title	Impacts of the Hara biosphere reserve on livelihood and welfare in Persian Gulf			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Ecological Economics	Abbreviated Journal	Ecol Econ
	Volume	141	Issue		Pages	76-86
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Despite the importance of biosphere reserves in Iran's livelihood and welfare, the economic significance of Hara Biosphere Reserve has never been comprehensively studied. This study examines the current importance of Hara Biosphere Reserve (HBR) in local livelihood and welfare. Using a household survey, data were collected through a questionnaire, key informant interviews and direct observations. Two hundred and forty-four households were randomly selected from 10 villages through proportional sampling. Results showed that non-environmental income was the first driver of the total income, poverty alleviation and narrowing income inequality gap. Park income was the second. The results also showed that excluding park income from total income would significantly increase headcount poverty, widen the poverty gap, and raise the Gini coefficient. Wealthier households had the greatest absolute income from the environment, including forest, fishing and fodder. However, the poorest group had smallest absolute income from these sources. Thus, the study demonstrated that wealthier households are responsible for the overharvesting of environmental resources. Interestingly, the study showed that wealthier households are more dependent on profitable environmental incomes sources while the poorest are more dependent on non-profitable ones. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000410013200008	Publication Date	2017-06-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-8009; 1873-6106	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.965	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.965
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:145602			Serial	6214
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Liu, Y.; Ngo, H.H.; Guo, W.; Zhou, J.; Peng, L.; Wang, D.; Chen, X.; Sun, J.; Ni, B.-J.
	Title	Optimizing sulfur-driven mixotrophic denitrification process : system performance and nitrous oxide emission			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Chemical engineering science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	172	Issue		Pages	414-422
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Nitrate contamination of groundwater has been recognized as a significant environmental problem world widely. Sulfur-driven mixotrophic denitrification has been demonstrated as a promising groundwater treatment process, which though plays an important role in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, significantly contributing to the overall carbon footprint of the system. However, the current process optimizations only focus on nitrate removal and excess sulfate control, with the N2O emission being ignored. In this work, an integrated mathematical model was proposed to evaluate the N2O emission as well as the excess sulfate production and carbon source utilization in sulfur-driven mixotrophic denitrification process. In this model, autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifiers use their corresponding electron donors (sulfur and organic matter, respectively) to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas, with each modeled as three-step denitrification (NO3 to N-2 via NO2 and N2O) driven by sulfur or organic matter to describe all potential N2O accumulation steps. The developed model, employing model parameters previously reported in literature, was successfully validated using N2O and sulfate data from two mixotrophic denitrification systems with different initial conditions. Modeling results revealed substantial N2O accumulation due to the relatively low autotrophic N2O reduction activity as compared to heterotrophic N2O reduction activity, explaining the observation that higher carbon source addition resulted in lower N2O accumulation in sulfur-driven mixotrophic denitrifying system. Based on the validated model, optimizations of the overall system performance were carried out. Application of the model to simulate long-term operations of sulfur-driven mixotrophic denitrification process indicates that longer sludge retention time reduces N2O emission due to better retention of active biomass. High-level total nitrogen removal with significant N2O emission mitigation, appropriate excess sulfate control and maximized COD utilization can be achieved simultaneously through controlling the influent nitrate and COD concentrations. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000410833900034	Publication Date	2017-07-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0009-2509	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:146634			Serial	8344
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Li, L.; Kong, X.; Leenaerts, O.; Chen, X.; Sanyal, B.; Peeters, F.M.
	Title	Carbon-rich carbon nitride monolayers with Dirac cones : Dumbbell C₄N			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Carbon	Abbreviated Journal	Carbon
	Volume	118	Issue	118	Pages	285-290
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Two-dimensional (2D) carbon nitride materials play an important role in energy-harvesting, energy-storage and environmental applications. Recently, a new carbon nitride, 2D polyaniline (C3N) was proposed [PNAS 113 (2016) 7414-7419]. Based on the structure model of this C3N monolayer, we propose two new carbon nitride monolayers, named dumbbell (DB) C4N-I and C4N-II. Using first-principles calculations, we systematically study the structure, stability, and band structure of these two materials. In contrast to other carbon nitride monolayers, the orbital hybridization of the C/N atoms in the DB C4N monolayers is sp(3). Remarkably, the band structures of the two DB C4N monolayers have a Dirac cone at the K point and their Fermi velocities (2.6/2.4 x 10(5) m/s) are comparable to that of graphene. This makes them promising materials for applications in high-speed electronic devices. Using a tight-binding model, we explain the origin of the Dirac cone. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000401120800033	Publication Date	2017-03-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0008-6223	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.337	Times cited	36	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.337
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:143726			Serial	4588
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Liao, L.; Heylen, S.; Sree, S.P.; Vallaey, B.; Keulemans, M.; Lenaerts, S.; Roeffaers, M.B.J.; Martens, J.A.
	Title	Photocatalysis assisted simultaneous carbon oxidation and NO_x reduction			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	202	Issue		Pages	381-387
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Photocatalysis assisted oxidation of carbon black was performed using TiO2 photocatalyst under UV illumination in an atmosphere with NO, O-2 and water vapor at 150 degrees C. Carbon is oxidized mainly to CO2 while NO is selectively converted to N-2. Enhanced O-2 and NO concentrations have a positive effect on the carbon oxidation rate. At a concentration of 3000 ppm NO and 13.3% O-2 in the gas phase the carbon oxidation rate reaches 2.3 mu g(carbon)/mg(TiO2) h, at a formal electron/photon quantum efficiency of 0.019. HR SEM images reveal uniform gradual reduction of the carbon particle size irrespective of the distance to TiO2 photocatalyst particles in the presence of NO, O-2 and H2O. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000388052100038	Publication Date	2016-09-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	11	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by long-term structural funding by the Flemish government (Methusalem). M. Keulemans acknowledges the agency for Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT) for financial support (PhD. Grant). M. Roeffaers thanks the ERC for financial support (ERC Starting Grant No. 307523). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:139156			Serial	5976
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hoang, D.-Q.; Korneychuk, S.; Sankaran, K.J.; Pobedinskas, P.; Drijkoningen, S.; Turner, S.; Van Bael, M.K.; Verbeeck, J.; Nicley, S.S.; Haenen, K.
	Title	Direct nucleation of hexagonal boron nitride on diamond : crystalline properties of hBN nanowalls			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Acta materialia	Abbreviated Journal	Acta Mater
	Volume	127	Issue		Pages	17-24
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanowalls were deposited by unbalanced radio frequency sputtering on (100)-oriented silicon, nanocrystalline diamond films, and amorphous silicon nitride (Si3N4) membranes. The hBN nanowall structures were found to grow vertically with respect to the surface of all of the substrates. To provide further insight into the nucleation phase and possible lattice distortion of the deposited films, the structural properties of the different interfaces were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. For Si and Si3N4 substrates, turbostratic and amorphous BN phases form a clear transition zone between the substrate and the actual hBN phase of the bulk nanowalls. However, surprisingly, the presence of these phases was suppressed at the interface with a nanocrystalline diamond film, leading to a direct coupling of hBN with the diamond surface, independent of the vertical orientation of the diamond grain. To explain these observations, a growth mechanism is proposed in which the hydrogen terminated surface of the nanocrystalline diamond film leads to a rapid formation of the hBN phase during the initial stages of growth, contrary to the case of Si and Si3N4 substrates. (C) 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-6454	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; ; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.301	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 5.301
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:142398			Serial	4645
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Li, L.; Leenaerts, O.; Kong, X.; Chen, X.; Zhao, M.; Peeters, F.M.
	Title	Gallium bismuth halide GaBi-X₂ (X = I, Br, Cl) monolayers with distorted hexagonal framework: Novel room-temperature quantum spin Hall insulators			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Nano Research	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Res
	Volume	10	Issue	10	Pages	2168-2180
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulators with a large topologically nontrivial bulk gap are crucial for future applications of the QSH effect. Among these, group III-V monolayers and their halides, which have a chair structure (regular hexagonal framework), have been widely studied. Using first-principles calculations, we formulate a new structure model for the functionalized group III-V monolayers, which consist of rectangular GaBi-X-2 (X = I, Br, Cl) monolayers with a distorted hexagonal framework (DHF). These structures have a far lower energy than the GaBi-X-2 monolayers with a chair structure. Remarkably, the DHF GaBi-X-2 monolayers are all QSH insulators, which exhibit sizeable nontrivial band gaps ranging from 0.17 to 0.39 eV. The band gaps can be widely tuned by applying different spin-orbit coupling strengths, resulting in a distorted Dirac cone.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000401320700029	Publication Date	2017-04-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1998-0124	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.354	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO-Vl). The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government-department EWI. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.354
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:143739			Serial	4598
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	Author	Cristale, J.; Álvarez-Martín, A.; Rodriguez-Cruz, S.; Sanchez-Martin, M.J.; Lacorte, S.
	Title	Sorption and desorption of organophosphate esters with different hydrophobicity by soils			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	24	Issue	36	Pages	27870-27878
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous contaminants with potentially hazardous effects on both the environment and human health. Knowledge about the soil sorption-desorption process of organic chemicals is important in order to understand their fate, mobility, and bioavailability, enabling an estimation to be made of possible risks to the environment and biota. The aim of this study was to use the batch equilibrium technique to evaluate the sorption-desorption behavior of seven OPEs (TCEP, TCPP, TBEP, TDCP, TBP, TPhP, and EHDP) in soils with distinctive characteristics (two unamended soils and a soil amended with sewage sludge). The equilibrium concentrations of the OPEs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). All the compounds were sorbed by the soils, and soil organic carbon (OC) played an important role in this process. The sorption of the most soluble OPEs (TCEP, TCPP, and TBEP) depended on soil OC content, although desorption was 58.1%. The less water-soluble OPEs (TDCP, TBP, TPhP, and EHDP) recorded total sorption (100% for TPhP and EHDP) or very high sorption (34.9%) by all the soils and were not desorbed, which could be explained by their highly hydrophobic nature, as indicated by the logarithmic octanol/water partition coefficient (K-ow) values higher than 3.8, resulting in a high affinity for soil OC. The results of the sorption-desorption of the OPEs by soils with different characteristics highlighted the influence of these compounds' physicochemical properties and the content and nature of soil OC in this process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000417874400025	Publication Date	2017-10-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:160642			Serial	8558
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Clima, S.; Belmonte, A.; Degraeve, R.; Fantini, A.; Goux, L.; Govoreanu, B.; Jurczak, M.; Ota, K.; Redolfi, A.; Kar, G.S.; Pourtois, G.
	Title	Kinetic and thermodynamic heterogeneity : an intrinsic source of variability in Cu-based RRAM memories			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of computational electronics	Abbreviated Journal	J Comput Electron
	Volume	16	Issue	4	Pages	1011-1016
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	<script type='text/javascript'>document.write(unpmarked('The resistive random-access memory (RRAM) device concept is close to enabling the development of a new generation of non-volatile memories, provided that their reliability issues are properly understood. The design of a RRAM operating with extrinsic defects based on metallic inclusions, also called conductive bridge RAM, allows the use of a large spectrum of solid electrolytes. However, when scaled to device dimensions that meet the requirements of the latest technological nodes, the discrete nature of the atomic structure of the materials impacts the device operation. Using density functional theory simulations, we evaluated the migration kinetics of Cu conducting species in amorphous and solid electrolyte materials, and established that atomic disorder leads to a large variability in terms of defect stability and kinetic barriers. This variability has a significant impact on the filament resistance and its dynamics, as evidenced during the formation step of the resistive filament. Also, the atomic configuration of the formed filament can age/relax to another metastable atomic configuration, and lead to a modulation of the resistivity of the filament. All these observations are qualitatively explained on the basis of the computed statistical distributions of the defect stability and on the kinetic barriers encountered in RRAM materials.'));
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Place of publication unknown	Editor
	Language		Wos	000417598100004	Publication Date	2017-08-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1569-8025	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.526	Times cited	2	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.526
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:148569			Serial	4883
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Joolaie, R.; Sarvestani, A.A.; Taheri, F.; Van Passel, S.; Azadi, H.
	Title	Sustainable cropping pattern in North Iran : application of fuzzy goal programming			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Environment, development and sustainability	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	19	Issue	6	Pages	2199-2216
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Due to the important role that the application of mathematical programming models have in determining optimal cropping patterns, this research presents a sustainable cropping pattern that considers selected economic, environmental, and social goals together. Using a random sampling method, a sample size of 168 farmers was selected in the Sari County, Iran. Our results showed that economic, self-sufficiency, environmental, and social goals have a distinctly different impact on cropping pattern performance. Compared to the current cropping pattern, the gross margins for economic and social goals increased by nearly 11 and 2 %, respectively, and the gross margins for self-sufficiency and environmental goals decreased by nearly 2 and 36 %. Interestingly, it has been found that the performance of the current cropping pattern has an average positive impact of 6 % if economic, self-sufficiency, environmental, and social (employment) goals are realized simultaneously.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000414459300004	Publication Date	2016-09-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1387-585x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:147370			Serial	6257
Permanent link to this record



	Author	De Baere, K.; Verstraelen, H.; Willemen, R.; Smet, J.-P.; Tchuindjang, J.T.; Lecomte-Beckers, J.; Lenaerts, S.; Meskens, R.; Jung, H.G.; Potters, G.
	Title	Assessment of corrosion resistance, material properties, and weldability of alloyed steel for ballast tanks			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of marine science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	J Mar Sci Tech-Japan
	Volume	22	Issue	1	Pages	176-199
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Ballast tanks are of great importance in the lifetime of modern merchant ships. Making a ballast tank less susceptible to corrosion can, therefore, prolong the useful life of a ship and, thereby, lower its operational cost. An option to reinforce a ballast tank is to construct it out of a corrosion-resistant steel type. Such steel was recently produced by POSCO Ltd., South Korea. After 6 months of permanent immersion, the average corrosion rate of A and AH steel (31 samples) was 535 g m(-2) year(-1), while the Korean CRS was corroding with 378 g m(-2) year(-1). This entails a gain of 29 %. Follow-up measurements after 10, 20, and 24 months confirmed this. The results after 6 months exposure to alternating wet/dry conditions are even more explicit. Furthermore, the physical and metallurgical properties of this steel show a density of 7.646 t/m(3), the elasticity modulus 209.3 GPa, the tensile strength 572 MPa, and the hardness 169HV10. Microscopically, the metal consists of equiaxed and recrystallized grains (ferrite and pearlite), with an average size of between 20 and 30 A mu m (ASTM E 112-12 grain size number between 7 and 8) with a few elongated pearlitic grains. The structure is banded ferrite/pearlite. On the basis of a series of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer measurements the lower corrosion rate of the steel can be attributed to the interplay of Al, Cr, their oxides, and the corroding steel. In addition, the role of each element in the formation of oxide layers and the mechanisms contributing to the corrosion resistance are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000395006400015	Publication Date	2016-07-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0948-4280	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	0.838	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	; This paper is published with the explicit permission of POSCO Ltd., original source of the corrosion resistant steel. Due to the creativity of the POSCO engineers and scientists, we could have our challenge, presented in this manuscript. The authors wish to thank the BOF funding received from the University of Antwerp and the Maritime Academy. We also wish to express our gratitude towards to the American Bureau of Shipping for their assistance in procuring the CRS plates, their moral and financial support, as well as to OCAS (Arcelor Mittal, Zelzate, Belgium) for their assistance in a number of measurements. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 0.838
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:142509			Serial	5928
Permanent link to this record



	Author	De Cocker, P.; Bessiere, Y.; Hernandez-Raquet, G.; Dubos, S.; Mercade, M.; Sun, X.Y.; Mozo, I.; Barillon, B.; Gaval, G.; Caligaris, M.; Martin Ruel, S.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; Sperandio, M.
	Title	Short and long term effect of decreasing temperature on anammox activity and enrichment in mainstream granular sludge process			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2017	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue		Pages	50-54 T2 - Frontiers International Conference on W
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	This study investigates the impact of lower temperature on short term and long term (down to 10 degrees C) on a completely anoxic anammox granular sludge process. This is the first time granular sludge Anammox is operated in pure anoxic condition in SBR and at low temperature. Conversion performance, kinetic parameters, sludge characteristics and microbial community were analyzed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2017-05-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151120			Serial	8519
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	Author	De Cocker, P.; Bessiere, Y.; Hernandez-Raquet, G.; Dubos, S.; Mercade, M.; Sun, X.Y.; Mozo, I.; Barillon, B.; Gaval, G.; Caligaris, M.; Ruel, S.M.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; Sperandio, M.
	Title	Short and long term effect of decreasing temperature on anammox activity and enrichment in mainstream granular sludge process			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2017	Publication	Frontiers In Wastewater Treatment And Modelling, Ficwtm 2017	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue		Pages	50-54 T2 - Frontiers International Conference on W
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	This study investigates the impact of lower temperature on short term and long term (down to 10 degrees C) on a completely anoxic anammox granular sludge process. This is the first time granular sludge Anammox is operated in pure anoxic condition in SBR and at low temperature. Conversion performance, kinetic parameters, sludge characteristics and microbial community were analyzed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000430181700008	Publication Date	2017-05-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-3-319-58421-8; 978-3-319-58420-1; 978-3-319-58420-1	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151640			Serial	8520
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	Author	Cabal, A.; Legrand, S.; Van den Bril, B.; Tote, K.; Janssens, K.; van Espen, P.
	Title	Study of the uniformity of aerosol filters by scanning MA-XRF			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	X-ray spectrometry T2 – 17th European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS), JUN 19-24, 2016, Univ Gothenburg, Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SWEDEN	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	46	Issue	5	Pages	461-466
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is an attractive analytical method to determine the level of air pollution by heavy metals. The concentration of the filter in ng/cm(2) is obtained by direct comparison of the net characteristic line intensity of an element with that of a thin film standard. As the sampled area on the filter and the area of the standard are larger than the area analysed by the instrument, the distribution of the elements on the surface of both samples and standards have to be sufficiently uniform. If this is not the case, biased concentration estimates are obtained. Two scanning macro-XRF setups with a beam diameter of similar to 0.5 mm were used to investigate the distribution of elements in (1) commercially available (Micromatter) standards, (2) in-house quartz filter standards obtained with an aerosol generator and (3) particulatematter (PM10) collected on quartz filters by a Leckel SEQ 47/50 sampler. The uniformity of the Micromatter standards was better than 2%. At least some in-house standards showed a concave distribution with less material at the edges. The maximum bias introduced by this is less than 5%. Because of the limited sensitivity of scanning XRF compared with conventional XRF, the distribution of only a few common elements like Ca and Fe could be determined reliably in aerosol filters. The distribution of some heavy elements could only be measured in filters sampled in polluted regions. In general, the loading of particulate matter over the filters was uniform. Copyright (C) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000409246400026	Publication Date	2017-03-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:145644			Serial	5852
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	Author	de de Meux, A.J.; Bhoolokam, A.; Pourtois, G.; Genoe, J.; Heremans, P.
	Title	Oxygen vacancies effects in a-IGZO : formation mechanisms, hysteresis, and negative bias stress effects			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Physica status solidi : A : applications and materials science	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Status Solidi A
	Volume	214	Issue	6	Pages	1600889
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The amorphous oxide semiconductor Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (a-IGZO) has gained a large technological relevance as a semiconductor for thin-film transistors in active-matrix displays. Yet, major questions remain unanswered regarding the atomic origin of threshold voltage control, doping level, hysteresis, negative bias stress (NBS), and negative bias illumination stress (NBIS). We undertake a systematic study of the effects of oxygen vacancies on the properties of a-IGZO by relating experimental observations to microscopic insights gained from first-principle simulations. It is found that the amorphous nature of the semiconductor allows unusually large atomic relaxations. In some cases, oxygen vacancies are found to behave as perfect shallow donors without the formation of structural defects. Once structural defects are formed, their transition states can vary upon charge and discharge cycles. We associate this phenomenon to a possible presence of hysteresis in the transfer curve of the devices. Under NBS, the creation of oxygen vacancies becomes energetically very stable, hence thermodynamically very likely. This generation process is correlated with the occurrence of the negative bias stress instabilities observed in a-IGZO transistors. While oxygen vacancies can therefore be related to NBS and hysteresis, it appears unlikely from our results that they are direct causes of NBIS, contrary to common belief.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000403339900012	Publication Date	2017-03-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1862-6300	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.775	Times cited	8	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.775
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:144219			Serial	4678
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	Author	Neyts, E.C.; Bal, K.M.
	Title	Effect of electric fields on plasma catalytic hydrocarbon oxidation from atomistic simulations			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Plasma processes and polymers	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Process Polym
	Volume	14	Issue	6	Pages	e1600158
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons is an industrially important process, in which selectivity is a key issue. We here investigate the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde on a vanadia surface employing long timescale simulations, reaching a time scale of seconds. In particular, we compare the thermal process to the case where an additional external electric field is applied, as would be the case in a direct plasma-catalysis setup. We find that the electric field influences the retention time of the molecules at the catalyst surface. These simulations provide an atomic scale insight in the thermal catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation process, and in how an external electric field may affect this process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000403699900013	Publication Date	2016-11-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1612-8850	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.846	Times cited	2	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.846
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:144210			Serial	4647
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