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Author Salvant, J.; Williams, J.; Ganio, M.; Casadio, F.; Daher, C.; Sutherland, K.; Monico, L.; Vanmeert, F.; De Meyer, S.; Janssens, K.; Cartwright, C.; Walton, M. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title A Roman Egyptian Painting Workshop : technical investigation of the portraits from Tebtunis, Egypt Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2018 Publication Archaeometry Abbreviated Journal Archaeometry  
  Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 815-833  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Roman-period mummy portraits are considered to be ancient antecedents of modern portraiture. However, the techniques and materials used in their manufacture are not thoroughly understood. Analytical study of the pigments as well as the binding materials helps to address questions on what aspects of the painting practices originate from Pharaonic and/or Graeco-Roman traditions, and can aid in determining the provenance of the raw materials from potential locations across the ancient Mediterranean and European worlds. Here, one of the largest assemblages of mummy portraits to remain intact since their excavation from the site of Tebtunis in Egypt was examined using multiple analytical techniques to address how they were made. The archaeological evidence suggests that these portraits were products of a single workshop and, correspondingly, they are found to be made using similar techniques and materials: wax-based and lead white-rich paint combined with a variety of iron-based pigments (including hematite, goethite and jarosite), as well as Egyptian blue, minium, indigo and madder lake to create subtle variations and tones.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000438195100011 Publication Date 2017-11-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-813x; 1475-4754 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.47 Times cited 6 Open Access  
  Notes ; This collaborative initiative is part of NU-ACCESS's broad portfolio of activities, made possible by generous support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation as well as supplemental support provided by the Materials Research Center, the Office of the Vice President for Research, the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University. This work made use of the Keck-II facility of the NUANCE Center at Northwestern University, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF NNCI-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. Part of this research was carried out at the light source PETRA III at DESY, a member of the Helmholtz Association (HGF), and at ESRF (experiment no. HG-79). We are grateful to Marine Cotte and Wout De Nolf for their support during the experiment at beamline ID21. We would like to thank Gerald Falkenberg and Jan Garrevoet for their assistance in using beamline P06. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.47  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:152396 Serial 5455  
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Author Odin, G.P.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Lelièvre, H.; Mertz, J.-D.; Rouchon, V. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Accelerated ageing of shales of palaeontological interest : impact of temperature conditions Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2014 Publication Annales de paléontologie Abbreviated Journal Ann Paleontol  
  Volume 100 Issue 2 Pages 137-149  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The palaeontological collections of the Muséum national dHistoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris, France) and the Muséum dHistoire naturelle dAutun (MHNA, Autun, France) include many fossil specimens originating from the argillaceous shales of the Autun basin (Saône-et-Loire, France). These fossils are preserved within sedimentary rocks containing unstable sulphide compounds, such as pyrite, which may deteriorate in contact with water and oxygen. This alteration provokes crystalline efflorescence and cracks, thus compromising the preservations of the fossils. This work constitutes the first step of a project that aims to understand the mechanisms of alteration of these materials in order to define conservation guidelines for palaeontological collections. For this purpose, eight damaged specimens originating from the Permian Autun basin (Saône-et-Loire, France) were selected and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the threshold of the sulphur Kα-edge (XANES). This methodology enabled the characterization of the matrices composition and the chemical nature of the alterations. Subsequently, we have sought to reproduce by artificial ageing the alteration phenomena encountered in the collections. New shale samples were collected on seven outcrops of the same Autun basin. They were analyzed and subjected to artificial ageing at 50% relative humidity (RH) and at temperatures ranging between 40 °C and 90 °C. Our work shows that damaged specimens and newly collected shale have a similar mineralogical composition. Yet the crystalline efflorescence material formed on the surface of damaged specimens belongs to the iron sulphate group whereas gypsum predominates on artificially aged shale samples. Reproducing the alterations observed on specimens by artificial ageing remains therefore problematic. Additionally, it appears that the temperature of ageing controls the nature of the damage: at 40 °C, many samples are mechanically damaged whereas no or minor crystalline efflorescence occurs. At 90 °C, it is the opposite tendency that is observed. Finally, mechanical damages do not seem to be correlated with the development of the efflorescence: samples with efflorescent crystals generally do not show clearly visible cracks; those that seem most fragmented do not show any visible efflorescence.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000338607500006 Publication Date 2014-01-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0753-3969 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.113 Times cited 5 Open Access  
  Notes ; This work is part of a PhD that is funded by the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France and was additionally supported via the S2-ART project (SDD programme of BELSPO, Brussels). The research was realized in partnership with the Palaeontological Collection Management Unit, Collection Department and with the Centre de Recherche sur la Paleodiversite et les Paleoenvironnements (CR2P, CNRS, UMR7207) of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. We are grateful to our colleagues MM. Jean Dejax and Dominique Chabard who provided palaeontological specimens and gave us access to shale deposits and Mrs Marie-Madeleine Blanc-Valleron who was of great help for the interpretation of the XRD data. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.113; 2014 IF: 0.970  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116594 Serial 5456  
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Author Janssens, K.; Vekemans, B.; Adams, F.; van Espen, P.; Mutsaers, P. doi  openurl
  Title Accurate evaluation of \mu-PIXE and \mu-XRF spectral data through iterative least squares fitting Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 1996 Publication Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms T2 – 7th International Conference on Particle Induced X-ray Emission and Its Analytical Applications, MAY 26-30, 1995, Abano Terme, Italy Abbreviated Journal 7th International Conference on Particle Induced X-ray Emission and Its Analytical Applications, MAY  
  Volume 109 Issue Pages 179-185  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract The integration of the nonlinear least squares X-ray spectrum evaluation progam AXIL. into a mu-PIXE and a mu-XRF setup is discussed. The use of the software when procesing data sets derived from biological and geological samples is described.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1996UV44400035 Publication Date 2002-07-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0168-583x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:95887 Serial 5457  
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Author Jaroszewicz, J.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; Michalski, A.; Falkenberg, G. doi  openurl
  Title Advantages of combined mu-XRF and mu-XRD for phase characterization of Ti-B-C ceramics compared with conventional X-ray diffraction Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2008 Publication Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Bioanal Chem  
  Volume 391 Issue 4 Pages 1129-1133  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000256088700005 Publication Date 2008-05-05  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1618-2642 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.431 Times cited 7 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.431; 2008 IF: 3.328  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:69317 Serial 5459  
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Author Herremans, D.; Cagno, S.; Vincke, A.; Janssens, K.; De Clercq, W. openurl 
  Title All crystal clear : 18th-century glass à la façon de Bohème from the cistercian nunnery of Clairefontaine, Belgium Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of glass studies Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 55 Issue Pages 137-+  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Excavations at the Cistercian nunnery of Clairefontaine, located near Arlon in the south of Belgium, revealed an assemblage of 18th-century colorless glass. The morphology of the vessels and the engraved decoration suggest a central European origin or, at least, stylistic inspiration. The composition of the glass points to a recipe combining silica, lime, and potash: a colorless potash glass a la facon de Boheme. This article considers the technology, morphology, and origin of the vessels. The art-historical analysis is supported by chemical research (scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy [SEM-EDX]). The finds are also discussed in light of the emerging northwestern European glass industry, changing consumer practices during the 18th century, and their meaning for the inhabitants of the abbey.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0075-4250 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:114603 Serial 5461  
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Author Odin, G.P.; Vanmeert, F.; Farges, F.; Gand, G.; Janssens, K.; Romero-Sarmiento, M.-F.; Steyer, J.S.; Vantelon, D.; Rouchon, V. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Alteration of fossil-bearing shale (Autun, France; Permian), part II : monitoring artificial and natural ageing by combined use of S and Ca K-edge XANES analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and FTIR analysis Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2015 Publication Annales de paléontologie Abbreviated Journal Ann Paleontol  
  Volume 101 Issue 3 Pages 225-239  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Fossil-bearing shale specimens that include sulfides in their compositions are chemically reactive and sometimes also mechanically fragile. This decay is often related to iron sulfate efflorescence resulting from the oxidation of sulfide compounds. The processes underlying these degradations are poorly known, thus impeding the elaboration of curative or preventive treatments. The present contribution aims to identify the origin of museum specimen alterations. It focuses on the Flouest collection housed at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN, Paris, France) and originating from the Autun Basin (Saone-et-Loire, France, Permian). To evaluate the alteration of MNHN specimens, it appeared necessary to compare their composition with that of unaltered shale so as to identify chemical changes occurring during ageing. Therefore, new material was collected in the Autun Basin, among others on the locality of Muse that corresponds to the same lithostratigraphic unit as that of the MNHN specimens. This material was, if necessary, artificially aged. The first part of this work, presented elsewhere, deals with the use of Xray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy for characterizing iron reactivity and speciation. It leads to the conclusion that the reactivity of iron in the shale matrix was limited and could not account for the large efflorescence of iron (II) sulfate occurring nearby the fossil. The second part presented here focuses on the use of S K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy for characterizing sulfur speciation and reactivity. Measurements were performed on the shale matrix and on thin layers of maceral found in the proximity of damaged areas. As sulfur may be found in association with calcium or organic matter, complementary techniques were implemented, such as FTIR spectroscopy, Rock-Eval pyrolysis (characterization of organic matter content) and Ca K-edge XANES (analysis of calcium speciation) spectroscopy. It was shown that sulfur is mainly related to thioether, sulfoxide, iron sulfide, and sulfates whereas calcium is mainly bound to carboxylate, carbonate and/or sulfate groups. FTIR analysis of the macerals confirmed the presence of vitrinite on damaged MNHN specimens. The low oxygen content of new shale samples determined by Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates that the organic matter is well preserved, despite the fact that samples come from outcrop surface. In the newly collected material, sulfur is mainly related to organic sulfides (thioether) with a minor occurrence of iron sulfide. In the shale fraction of damaged MNHN specimens, sulfur is mostly oxidized into a mixture of iron and calcium sulfate. However, in the vitrinite layers of the same specimens, a large proportion of sulfur corresponds to organic sulfides. Also the oxidation of sulfur does not occur homogeneously but preferentially in the shale fraction, probably because this latter is porous whereas vitrinite is not. Artificial ageing of new shale material showed that the oxidation of organic sulfides could be reproduced at 90 degrees C, 80% of relative humidity. However, the obtained efflorescence almost exclusively corresponds to calcium sulfate whereas iron (II) sulfates are mostly observed on MNHN specimens. The new material collected on site is probably to be questioned, and future studies will have to select new samples with fossil remains. This will be the object of the third part of this work. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000363821700009 Publication Date 2015-05-09  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0753-3969 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.113 Times cited 6 Open Access  
  Notes ; This work was conducted within a PhD work that was supported by a doctoral school grant of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. We acknowledge SOLEIL for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities (Proposals ID “20130462” and “20110189”) and we would like to thank Nicolas Trcera, Pierre Lagarde and Anne Marie Flanck for assistance in using beamline LUCIA. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.113; 2015 IF: 0.970  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:129523 Serial 5462  
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Author Kuczumov, A.; Vekemans, B.; Schalm, O.; Dorriné, W.; Chevallier, P.; Dillmann, P.; Ro, C.-U.; Janssens, K.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Analyses of petrified wood by electron, X-ray and optical microprobes Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 1999 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue Pages 435-446  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000079138500016 Publication Date 2002-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:22889 Serial 5466  
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Author van der Linden, V.; Van de Casteele, E.; Thomas, M.S.; de Vos, A.; Janssen, E.; Janssens, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Analysis of micro computed tomography images; a look inside historic enamelled metal objects Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2010 Publication Applied physics A : materials science & processing Abbreviated Journal Appl Phys A-Mater  
  Volume 98 Issue 2 Pages 385-392  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Vision lab; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In this study the usefulness of micro-Computed Tomography (µ-CT) for the in-depth analysis of enamelled metal objects was tested. Usually investigations of enamelled metal artefacts are restricted to non-destructive surface analysis or analysis of cross sections after destructive sampling. Radiography, a commonly used technique in the field of cultural heritage studies, is limited to providing two-dimensional information about a three-dimensional object (Lang and Middleton, Radiography of Cultural Material, pp. 6061, Elsevier-Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam-Stoneham-London, 2005). Obtaining virtual slices and information about the internal structure of these objects was made possible by CT analysis. With this technique the underlying metal work was studied without removing the decorative enamel layer. Moreover visible defects such as cracks were measured in both width and depth and as of yet invisible defects and weaker areas are visualised. All these features are of great interest to restorers and conservators as they allow a view inside these objects without so much as touching them.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000272158200018 Publication Date 2009-09-21  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0947-8396 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.455 Times cited 3 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “Atom” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium), FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects nos. G.0177.03, G.0103.04 and G.0689.06. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.455; 2010 IF: 1.765  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:80421 Serial 5469  
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Author Vekemans, B.; Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Adams, F.; van Espen, P. doi  openurl
  Title Analysis of X-ray spectra by iterative least squares (AXIL): new developments Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 1994 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 23 Issue Pages 278-285  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1994QF68500008 Publication Date 2005-05-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:8933 Serial 5471  
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Author Kukhlevsky, S.V.; Mechler, M.; Samek, O.; Janssens, K. doi  openurl
  Title Analytical model of the enhanced light transmission through subwavelength metal slits: Green's function formalism versus Rayleigh's expansion Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2006 Publication Applied physics B : lasers and optics Abbreviated Journal Appl Phys B-Lasers O  
  Volume 84 Issue 1/2 Pages 19-24  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000238828700004 Publication Date 2006-05-30  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0946-2171 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.696 Times cited 7 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.696; 2006 IF: 2.023  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:59635 Serial 5472  
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Author Cotte, M.; Genty-Vincent, A.; Janssens, K.; Susini, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Applications of synchrotron X-ray nano-probes in the field of cultural heritage Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2018 Publication Comptes rendus : physique Abbreviated Journal Cr Phys  
  Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 575-588  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Synchrotron-based techniques are increasingly used in the field of cultural heritage, and this review focuses notably on the application of nano-beams to access high-spatial-resolution information on fragments sampled in historical or model artworks. Depending on the targeted information, various nano-analytical techniques can be applied, providing both identification and localization of the various components. More precisely, nano-X-ray fluorescence probes elements, nano-X-ray diffraction identify crystalline phases, and nano X-ray absorption spectroscopy is sensitive to speciation. Furthermore, computed tomography-based techniques can provide useful information about the morphology and in particular the porosity of materials. (C) 2018 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000451631400006 Publication Date 2018-08-13  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1631-0705; 1878-1535 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.048 Times cited 3 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.048  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:156320 Serial 5476  
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Author van Loon, A.; Noble, P.; Krekeler, A.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Abe, Y.; Nakai, I.; Dik, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Artificial orpiment, a new pigment in Rembrandt's palette Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2017 Publication Heritage science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages 26  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract This paper reports on how the application of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) imaging, in combination with the re-examination of existing paint cross-sections, has led to the discovery of a new pigment in Rembrandt's palette: artificial orpiment. In the NWO Science4Arts 'ReVisRembrandt' project, novel chemical imaging techniques are being developed and applied to the study of Rembrandt's late paintings in order to help resolve outstanding questions and to gain a better understanding of his late enigmatic painting technique. One of the selected case studies is the Portrait of a Couple as Isaac and Rebecca, known as 'The Jewish Bride', dated c. 1665 and on view in the Rijksmuseum. During the re-installation of the Rijksmuseum in 2013, the picture was scanned using the Bruker M6 Jetstream MAXRF scanner. The resulting elemental distribution maps made it possible to distinguish many features in the painting, such as bone black remains of the original hat (P, Ca maps), and the now discolored smalt-rich background (Co, Ni, As, K maps). The arsenic (As) map also revealed areas of high-intensity in Isaac's sleeve and Rebecca's dress where it could be established that it was not related with the pigment smalt that also contains arsenic. This pointed to the presence of a yellow or orange arsenic-containing pigment, such as realgar or orpiment that is not associated with the artist's palette. Subsequent examination of existing paint cross-sections from these locations taken by Karin Groen in the 1990s identified isolated, almost perfectly round particles of arsenic sulfide. The round shape corresponds with published findings on a purified form of artificial orpiment glass obtained by dry processing, a sublimation reaction. In bright field, the particles characteristically exhibit a dark cross in the middle caused by internal light reflections. The results of additional non-invasive techniques (portable XRD and portable Raman) are discussed, as well as the implications of this finding and how it fits with Rembrandt's late experimental painting technique.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000404916400001 Publication Date 2017-06-02  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2050-7445 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 6 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research is part of the Science4Arts Program, funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (Grant No. SFA-11-12). GVdS is supported by the Baillet Latour Fund. The authors would like to thank Lisette Vos, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, for assisting with the MA-XRF scanning; Arisa Izumi and Airi Hirayama, students of the Tokyo University of Science, and Frederik Vanmeert, University of Antwerp, for assisting with the pXRD and pRaman measurements. We are also grateful to Rob Erdmann, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, who made the curtain viewer to facilitate comparison of the visible image with the elemental distribution maps of the painting. ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:144864 Serial 5479  
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Author Terzano, R.; Spagnuolo, M.; Vekemans, B.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; Falkenberg, G.; Ruggiero, P. doi  openurl
  Title Assessing the origin and fate of CR, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ph, and V in industrial polluted soil by combined microspectroscopic techniques and bulk extraction methods Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2007 Publication Environmental science & technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue 19 Pages 6762-6769  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000249840600024 Publication Date 2007-08-29  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 61 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:66622 Serial 5481  
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Author Vermeulen, M.; Janssens, K.; Sanyova, J.; Rahemi, V.; McGlinchey, C.; De Wael, K. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Assessing the stability of arsenic sulfide pigments and influence of the binding media on their degradation by means of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2018 Publication Microchemical journal Abbreviated Journal Microchem J  
  Volume 138 Issue 138 Pages 82-91  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In this paper, we used the semiconducting and lightfastness properties of synthetic and mineral arsenic sulfide pigments to study their stability by means of electrochemical and microfadometric techniques. A combination of these techniques shows that in the early stage of the degradation process, amorphous arsenic sulfides are more stable than both crystalline forms, while upon longer exposure time, amorphous pigments will fade more than both mineral pigments, making it less suitable. While the stability study was carried out on unbound pigments, the influence of the organic binder on the relative degradation of the arsenic sulfide pigments was investigated through a multi-analytical approach on pigment/binder mock-up paint samples. For this purpose, the formation of arsenic trioxide was assessed by micro Fourier transform infrared (μ-FTIR) spectroscopy while the influence of the binder on the formation of sulfates was studied by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray near edge structure (μ-XANES). Both techniques elucidate a higher stability of all pigments in gum arabic while the use of egg yolk as binder leads to the most degradation, most likely due to its sulfur-rich composition. In the context of the degradation of arsenic sulfide pigments, other binders such as animal glue, egg white or linseed oil show an intermediate impact.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000428103000010 Publication Date 2018-01-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 4 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research is made possible with the support of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, Brussels) through the research program Science for a Sustainable Development – SDD, “Long-term role and fate of metal-sulfides in painted works of art – S2ART” (grant number SD/RI/04A). We gratefully acknowledge Megane Willems (Institut Paul-Lambin) for her help with mu-FFIR analyses and realization of the mock-up paint samples. We acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at beamline Phoenix of the SLS. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:150149 Serial 5482  
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Author Vekemans, B.; Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Aerts, A.; Adams, F.; Hertogen, J. openurl 
  Title Automated segmentation of μ-XRF image sets Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 1997 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal X-Ray Spectrom  
  Volume 26 Issue Pages 333-346  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1997YG79300005 Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.298 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.298; 1997 IF: 1.307  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:18319 Serial 5486  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author van Espen, P.; Janssens, K.; Nobels, J. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title AXIL-PC, software for the analysis of complex-x-ray spectra Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 1986 Publication Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1 Issue 1 Pages 109-114  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1986K579000015 Publication Date 2002-07-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0169-7439 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:149781 Serial 5487  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author van der Snickt, G.; Schalm, O.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K.; Schreiner, M. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Blue enamel on sixteenth- and seventeenth-century window glass : deterioration, microstructure, composition and preparation Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2006 Publication Studies in conservation Abbreviated Journal Stud Conserv  
  Volume 51 Issue Pages 212-222  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000241941100006 Publication Date 2014-01-09  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0039-3630; 2047-0584 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 0.578 Times cited 8 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 0.578; 2006 IF: 0.609  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:60712 Serial 5492  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Brenker, F.E.; Vollmer, C.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Szymanski, A.; Janssens, K.; Szaloki, I.; Nasdala, L.; Joswig, W.; Kaminsky, F. doi  openurl
  Title Carbonates from the lower part of transition zone or even the lower mantle Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2007 Publication Earth and planetary science letters Abbreviated Journal Earth Planet Sc Lett  
  Volume 260 Issue 1/2 Pages 1-9  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Effective CO2-storage in the shallow solid Earth mainly occurs by the formation of carbonates. Although the possibility of transport and storage of carbonates to great depth is demonstrated experimentally, ultra-deep mantle carbonates have not been found before. Applying several in situ analytical techniques on inclusions in diamonds from Juina (Brazil) originating from the lower part of the transition zone (> 580 km) or even the lower mantle (> 670 km), reveal the existence of deep Earth carbonates. These finding unquestionably show that at least locally carbonates exist within the deep Earth and may indicate that the Earth's global CO2-cycle has an ultra-deep extension.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000248883300001 Publication Date 2007-03-04  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0012-821x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.409 Times cited 156 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 4.409; 2007 IF: 3.873  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:71387 Serial 5496  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Aerts, A.; Janssens, K.; Velde, B.; Dijkman, W. doi  openurl
  Title Change in silica sources in Roman and post Roman glass Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal Spectrochim Acta B  
  Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 659-667  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000182744200009 Publication Date 2003-04-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0584-8547; 0038-6987 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.241 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.241; 2003 IF: 2.361  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:41207 Serial 5499  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lopes, F.; Lima, A.; Pires de Matos, A.; Custódio, J.; Cagno, S.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Characterization of 18th century Portuguese glass from Real Fábrica de Vidros de Coina Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2017 Publication Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue Pages 137-145  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract This work reports the first systematic chemical characterization of Portuguese 18th century glassware. 28 selected glass fragments, recovered from an archaeological excavation carried out in the site where King D. João V of Portugal established an important glass manufacture, Real Fábrica de Vidros de Coina (Coina Royal Glass Factory), were studied. This factory operated from 1719 until 1747, the year in which the factory was transferred to Marinha Grande. The fragments were analysed by micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (micro-EDXRF), using a portable spectrometer ArtTAX, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX). The analytical data showed that a large variety of glass types was manufactured in that factory, namely soda-lime glass, mixed-alkali glass, high lime-low alkali glass, potash glass and lead glass. In general, the composition of the glass varies according to the function of the objects. It was demonstrated that micro-EDXRF can be an important tool to characterize museum glass objects when only in situ non-invasive analytical methods are allowed.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000415616700015 Publication Date 2017-05-31  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2352-409x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 3 Open Access  
  Notes ; This study was supported by FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) under the project POCI/HAR/55882/2004 and UID/EAT/00729/2013. The PhD grant SFRH/BD/ 85329/2012 by FCT to Filipa Lopes is also acknowledged. The authors are grateful to Rosario Gil and Camara Municipal do Barreiro for their help in accessing the archaeological glass collection. We would like to thank in particular Manuela Almeida Ferreira for her valuable support in this project. ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:143545 Serial 5500  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author van der Snickt, G.; Dik, J.; Cotte, M.; Janssens, K.; Jaroszewicz, J.; de Nolf, W.; Groenewegen, J.; van der Loeff, L. doi  openurl
  Title Characterization of a degraded cadmium yellow (CdS) pigment in an oil painting by means of synchrotron radiation based X-ray techniques Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2009 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 81 Issue 7 Pages 2600-2610  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract On several paintings of James Ensor (1860−1949), a gradual fading of originally bright yellow areas, painted with the pigment cadmium yellow (CdS), is observed. Additionally, in some areas exposed to light, the formation of small white-colored globules on top of the original paint surface is observed. In this paper the chemical transformation leading to the color change and to the formation of the globules is elucidated. Microscopic X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (ì-XANES) experiments show that sulfur, originally present in sulfidic form (S2−), is oxidized during the transformation to the sulfate form (S6+). Upon formation (at or immediately below the surface), the highly soluble cadmium sulfate is assumed to be transported to the surface in solution and reprecipitates there, forming the whitish globules. The presence of cadmium sulfate (CdSO4·2H2O) and ammonium cadmium sulfate [(NH4)2Cd(SO4)2] at the surface is confirmed by microscopic X-ray diffraction measurements, where the latter salt is suspected to result from a secondary reaction of cadmium sulfate with ammonia. Measurements performed on cross sections reveal that the oxidation front has penetrated into the yellow paint down to ca. 1−2 ìm. The morphology and elemental distribution of the paint and degradation product were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR ì-XRF). In addition, ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence photography (UIVFP) revealed itself to be a straightforward technique for documenting the occurrence of this specific kind of degradation on a macroscale by painting conservators.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000264759400025 Publication Date 2009-03-11  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 91 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 6.32; 2009 IF: 5.214  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:76415 Serial 5501  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Proost, K.; Vincze, L.; Janssens, K.; Gao, N.; Bulska, E.; Schreiner, M.; Falkenberg, G. doi  openurl
  Title Characterization of a polycapillary lens for use in micro-XANES experiments Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal X-Ray Spectrom  
  Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 215-222  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000183630400007 Publication Date 2003-06-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.298 Times cited 50 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.298; 2003 IF: 1.227  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:41804 Serial 5502  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Caen, J. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Characterization of the main causes of deterioration of grisaille paint layers in 19th C. stained-glass windows by J.-B. Capronnier Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal Spectrochim Acta B  
  Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 589-607  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Twenty-seven glass fragments containing dark coloured grisaille paint layers of different qualities were collected from ten windows of the cathedral St. Michael & St. Gudule in Brussels (Belgium). The windows were made by J.-B. Capronnier (18141891) and cover the period between 1843 and 1878. The samples were cross-sectioned and examined in an electron microscope. Grisaille paint layers are not homogeneous and therefore, it is not meaningful to characterize them in terms of their average composition. Instead, parameters such as granularity, the number of residual gas bubbles per running millimetre of paint, the type of pigments, and the thickness of the paint layer were used to characterize them. The microscopic morphology allows a classification of the grisaille paint layers in four groups, every group associated with a quality level. Moreover, the main causes of the accelerated degradation of some of these paint layers could be explained. The classification made it possible to distinguish two periods in the work of Capronnier: (1) the early period (18431848) is characterized by the presence of either single granular paint layers or of double-layered systems consisting of a granular paint layer on top of a well-melted paint layer. The granular grisaille paint layers tend to pulverize; (2) the later period (18481878) is characterized by the presence of only well-vitrified paint layers. No sign of deterioration was found on the well-vitrified paint layers.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000182744200002 Publication Date 2003-04-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0584-8547; 0038-6987 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.241 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.241; 2003 IF: 2.361  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:41208 Serial 5505  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lind, O.C.; Salbu, B.; Janssens, K.; Proost, K.; Garcia-León, M.; Garcia-Tenorio, R. doi  openurl
  Title Characterization of U/Pu particles originating from the nuclear weapon accidents at Palomares, Spain, 1966 and Thule, Greenland, 1968 Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2007 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal Sci Total Environ  
  Volume 376 Issue Pages 294-305  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000245776400026 Publication Date 2007-03-03  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.9 Times cited 44 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 4.9; 2007 IF: 2.182  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:64601 Serial 5506  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lind, O.C.; Salbu, B.; Janssens, K.; Proost, K.; Dahlgaard, H. doi  openurl
  Title Characterization of uranium and plutonium containing particles originating from the nuclear weapons accident in Thule, Greenland, 1968 Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of environmental radioactivity Abbreviated Journal J Environ Radioactiv  
  Volume 81 Issue Pages 21-32  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000228714500003 Publication Date 2005-03-01  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0265-931x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.31 Times cited 37 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.31; 2005 IF: 1.243  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:52231 Serial 5507  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author van der Linden, V.; Schalm, O.; Houbraken, J.; Thomas, M.; Meesdom, E.; Devos, A.; van Dooren, R.; Nieuwdorp, H.; Janssen, E.; Janssens, K. doi  openurl
  Title Chemical analysis of 16th to 19th century Limoges School painted enamel objects in three museums of the Low Countries Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2010 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal X-Ray Spectrom  
  Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 112-121  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In this study, the results of analysing of a series of 16th-19th century painted enamel objects of the Limoges School currently in collections in three Dutch and Flemish museums by means of portable and micro x-ray fluorescence analysis (PXRF and µ-XRF) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) are presented. The aim of the investigation was the authentication of specific pieces. Therefore, the glass compositions as well as the (glass) colouring agents used by the Limoges' artists were studied as a function of the age of the objects. Due to the evolution of these properties, it is possible to approximately date these objects based on their chemical composition. The complete émail peint collection of the Museum Boijmans-Van Beuningen (Rotterdam, The Netherlands), consisting of 20 émail peint plaques, was analysed with µ-XRF. Quantitative information was obtained by EPMA analysis of 15 enamel fragments of objects from museum and private collections in the Low Countries. PXRF analyses were performed on the painted enamel collection of the Antwerp Vleeshuis Museum (13 objects) and the Mayer van den Bergh Museum (4 objects) and on a set of 18 plaques that were donated to the Boijmans-Van Beuningen Museum by a private collector. The results obtained by means of EPMA, µ-XRF and PXRF proved to be useful in the discrimination of 16th century painted enamel objects from those of the19th century. From a total of 70 objects examined, 2 objects (OM964A and OM993) featured a chemical signature that deviated from the published literature composition and pigment use consistent with its presumed period of manufacture.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000275959400007 Publication Date 2009-08-11  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.298 Times cited 8 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.298; 2010 IF: 1.661  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:82325 Serial 5509  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Schalm, O.; Caluwé, D.; Wouters, H.; Janssens, K.; Verhaeghe, F.; Pieters, M. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Chemical composition and deterioration of glass excavated in the 15th-16th century fishermen town of Raversijde (Belgium) Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2004 Publication Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal Spectrochim Acta A  
  Volume 59 Issue Pages 1647-1656  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The chemical composition, as determined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis of a series of ca. 100 archaeological glass fragments, excavated at the Raversijde site (Belgium) is discussed. In the 15th-16th century, Raversijde was a flourishing fishermen town located on the shore of the North Sea, close to the city of Ostend. As a consequence of several battles that were fought in its vicinity, the site was abandoned in the 16th century and was not occupied since then. It is one of the rare archaeological sites in Europe that contains a significant amount of information on the daily life inside a small but affluent medieval community. A comparison of the chemical composition of fragments of vessels and window glass encountered in Raversijde to those found in urban centres in Belgium and to literature date on German and French archaeological finds shows that glass made with wood ash dominates. Usually, it concerns artifacts with a predominantly utilitarian use. A few objects made with sodic (i.e., Na-rich) glass were also encountered, likely to have been imported from Venice during the 15th century or in later periods from an urban centre such as Antwerp, where Facon-de-Venice glass manufacturing activities were established near the start of the 16th century. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000224848000021 Publication Date 2004-10-13  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1386-1425 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.536 Times cited 26 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.536; 2004 IF: 1.188  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:49011 Serial 5512  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Caen, J.; Vanmeert, F.; Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Chemical imaging of stained-glass windows by means of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Microchemical journal Abbreviated Journal Microchem J  
  Volume 124 Issue Pages 615-622  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract Since the recent development of a mobile setup, MA-XRF scanning proved a valuable tool for the non-invasive, technical study of paintings. In this work, the applicability of MA-XRF scanning for investigating stained-glass windows inside a conservation studio is assessed by analysis of a high-profile, well-studied late-mediaeval panel. Although accurate quantification of components is not feasible with this analytical imaging technique, plotting the detected intensities of K versus Ca in a scatter plot allowed distinguishing glass fragments of different compositional types within the same panel. In particular, clusters in the Ca/K correlation plot revealed the presence of two subtypes of potash glass and three subtypes of high lime low alkali glass. MA-XRF results proved consistent with previous quantitative SEM-EDX analysis on two samples and analytical-based theories on glass production in the Low Countries formulated in literature. A bi-plot of the intensities of the more energetic Rb-K versus Sr-K emission lines yielded a similar glass type differentiation and is here presented as suitable alternative in case the Ca/K signal ratio is affected by superimposed weathering crusts. Apart from identification of the chromophores responsible for the green, blue and red glass colors, contrasting the associated elemental distribution maps obtained on the exterior and interior side of the glass permitted discriminating between colored pot metal glass and multi-layered flashed glass as well. Finally, the benefit of obtaining compositional information from the entire surface, as opposed to point analysis, was illustrated by the discovery of what appears to be a green cobalt glass a feature that was previously missed on this well-studied stained-glass window, both by connoisseurs and spectroscopic sample analysis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000367755600074 Publication Date 2015-10-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 22 Open Access  
  Notes ; The staff of the Museums of the City of Bruges, i.e. Director Till-Holger Borchert and Deputy Curator Kristel Van Audenaeren, are acknowledged for this pleasant collaboration and the authorization for the publication of the images in this article. This research was supported by the InBev-Baillet Latour fund. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:131100 Serial 5514  
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Author Vanmeert, F.; Hendriks, E.; van der Snickt, G.; Monico, L.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. doi  openurl
  Title Chemical Mapping by Macroscopic X-ray Powder Diffraction (MA-XRPD) of Van Gogh's Sunflowers : identification of areas with higher degradation risk Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2018 Publication Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English Abbreviated Journal Angew Chem Int Edit  
  Volume 57 Issue 25 Pages 7418-7422  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The discoloration rate of chrome yellow (CY), a class of synthetic inorganic pigments (PbCr1-xSxO4) frequently used by Van Gogh and his contemporaries, strongly depends on its sulfate content and on its crystalline structure (either monoclinic or orthorhombic). Macroscopic X-Ray powder diffraction imaging of selected areas on Van Gogh's Sunflowers (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam) revealed the presence of two subtypes of CY: the light-fast monoclinic PbCrO4 (LF-CY) and the light-sensitive monoclinic PbCr1-xSxO4 (x approximate to 0.5; LS-CY). The latter was encountered in large parts of the painting (e.g., in the pale-yellow background and the bright-yellow petals, but also in the green stems and flower hearts), thus indicating their higher risk for past or future darkening. Overall, it is present in more than 50% of the CY regions. Preferred orientation of LS-CY allows observation of a significant ordering of the elongated crystallites along the direction of Van Gogh's brush strokes.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000434949200023 Publication Date 2018-03-02  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1433-7851; 0570-0833 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 11.994 Times cited 10 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors acknowledge financial support from BELSPO (Brussels) S2-ART, the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts “ReVisRembrandt” project, the GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council), and the Interreg Smart*Light project. Raman analyses were performed using the European MOLAB platform, which is financially supported by the Horizon 2020 Programme (IPERION CH Grant 654028). The authors thank the staff of the Van Gogh Museum for their collaboration. ; Approved Most recent IF: 11.994  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:153185 Serial 5517  
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Author Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Cotte, M.; Sorace, L.; Vanmeert, F.; Brunetti, B.G.; Miliani, C. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Chromium speciation methods and infrared spectroscopy for studying the chemical reactivity of lead chromate-based pigments in oil medium Type (up) A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Microchemical journal T2 – TECHNART Conference, APR 27-30, 2015, Catania, ITALY Abbreviated Journal Microchem J  
  Volume 124 Issue Pages 272-282  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Environmental factors, such as light, humidity and temperature are triggering agents for the alteration of organic and/or inorganic constituents of oil paintings. The oxidation of the organic material is favored by increasing of relative humidity and temperature, whereas processes involving changes of the oxidation states of a number of inorganic pigments (e.g., vermilion, cadmium yellows, zinc yellows, chrome yellows) are mainly activated by light-exposure. In view of the optimization of the long-term conservation and restoration strategies of paintings it is of relevant interest to establish the consequences of thermal parameters (temperature and relative humidity) on the chemical/photochemical-reactivity and the nature of the alteration products of light sensitive-pigments in oil medium. To this aim here we propose a multi-method analytical approach based on the combination of diffuse reflectance UV-Vis, FTIR, synchrotron radiation (SR)-based micro X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF)/micro-X-ray absorption neat edge structure ()CANES) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies for studying the effects of different relative humidity conditions before and after light exposure on the reactivity of a series of lead chromate-based pigments [such as PbCrO4 center dot PbO (monoclinic), PbCrO4 (monoclinic) and PbCr0.2S0.8O4 (orthorhombic)] in an oil medium. The investigation of paint models was also compared to that of a late 19th century historical orthorhombic PbCr0.4S0.6O4 oil paint. Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopies were used to obtain information associated with chromatic changes and the formation of organo-metal degradation products at the paint surface. SR-based Cr K-edge mu-XANES/mu-XRF mapping analysis and EPR spectroscopy were employed in a complementary fashion to determine the amount, nature and distribution of Cr(III) and Cr(V)-based alteration compounds within the paints with micrometric spatial resolution. Under the employed thermal aging conditions, lead(II)-carboxylates and reduced Cr-compounds (in abundance of up to about 35% at the surface) have been identified in the lead chromate-based paints. The tendency of chromates to become reduced increased with increasing moisture levels and was favored for the orthorhombic PbCr0.2S0.8O4 compounds. The redox process gave rise to the formation of Cr(V)-species in relative amount much higher than that was formed in the equivalent paint which was exposed only to light. After light-exposure of the thermally aged paints, compounds ascribable to the oxidation of the organic binder were detected for all the types of pigments. Nevertheless, the previous thermal treatment increased the tendency toward photo-reduction of only the PbCr0.2S0.8O4 pigment. For this light-sensitive compound, the thickness variation of the reduced Cr-rich (ca. 70%) photo-alteration layer with moisture levels could be ascribed to a surface passivation phenomenon that had already occurred before photochemical aging. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000367755600042 Publication Date 2015-09-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 23 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:131099 Serial 5519  
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