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“Reactivation of microbial strains and synthetic communities after a spaceflight to the International Space Station : corroborating the feasibility of essential conversions in the MELiSSA Loop”. Ilgrande C, Mastroleo F, Christiaens MER, Lindeboom REF, Prat D, Van Hoey O, Ambrozova I, Coninx I, Heylen W, Pommerening-Roser A, Spieck E, Boon N, Vlaeminck SE, Leys N, Clauwaert P, Astrobiology 19, 1167 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1089/AST.2018.1973
Abstract: To sustain human deep space exploration or extra-terrestrial settlements where no resupply from the Earth or other planets is possible, technologies for in situ food production, water, air, and waste recovery need to be developed. The Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) is such a Regenerative Life Support System (RLSS) and it builds on several bacterial bioprocesses. However, alterations in gravity, temperature, and radiation associated with the space environment can affect survival and functionality of the microorganisms. In this study, representative strains of different carbon and nitrogen metabolisms with application in the MELiSSA were selected for launch and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) exposure. An edible photoautotrophic strain (Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005), a photoheterotrophic strain (Rhodospirillum rubrum S1H), a ureolytic heterotrophic strain (Cupriavidus pinatubonensis 1245), and combinations of C. pinatubonensis 1245 and autotrophic ammonia and nitrite oxidizing strains (Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC19718, Nitrosomonas ureae Nm10, and Nitrobacter winogradskyi Nb255) were sent to the International Space Station (ISS) for 7 days. There, the samples were exposed to 2.8 mGy, a dose 140 times higher than on the Earth, and a temperature of 22 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C. On return to the Earth, the cultures were reactivated and their growth and activity were compared with terrestrial controls stored under refrigerated (5 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C) or room temperature (22 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C and 21 degrees C +/- 0 degrees C) conditions. Overall, no difference was observed between terrestrial and ISS samples. Most cultures presented lower cell viability after the test, regardless of the type of exposure, indicating a harsher effect of the storage and sample preparation than the spaceflight itself. Postmission analysis revealed the successful survival and proliferation of all cultures except for Arthrospira, which suffered from the premission depressurization test. These observations validate the possibility of launching, storing, and reactivating bacteria with essential functionalities for microbial bioprocesses in RLSS.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1089/AST.2018.1973
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“Analysis of individual aerosol particles in Siberian region: provisional results”. van Malderen H, Van Grieken R, Khodzher TV, Bufetov NS, Koutsenogii KP, Atmospheric and oceanic optics 7, 622 (1994)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“On the impact of precipitation amount on the concentration of elements and ions in urban aerosol particles”. Deutsch F, Stranger M, Kaplinskii AE, Samek L, Joos P, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric and oceanic optics 16, 850 (2003)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Mineral dust variability in central West Antarctica associated with ozone depletion”. Cataldo M, Evangelista H, Simões JC, Godoi RHM, Simmonds I, Hollanda MH, Wainer I, Aquino F, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric chemistry and physics 13, 2165 (2013). http://doi.org/10.5194/ACP-13-2165-2013
Abstract: We present here data of mineral dust variability retrieved from an ice core of the central West Antarctic, spanning the last five decades. Main evidence provided by the geochemical analysis is that northerly air mass incursions to the coring site, tracked by insoluble dust microparticles, have declined over the past 50 yr. This result contrasts with dust records from ice cores reported to the coastal West Antarctic that show increases since mid-20th century. We attribute this difference to regional climatic changes due to the ozone depletion and its implications to westerly winds. We found that the diameters of insoluble microparticles in the central West Antarctica ice core are significantly correlated with cyclone depth (energy) and wind intensity around Antarctica.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.5194/ACP-13-2165-2013
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“Mineral dust variability in central West Antarctica associated with ozone depletion”. Cataldo, Evangelista H, Simões JC, Godoi RHM, Simmonds I, Hollanda MH, Wainer I, Aquino FE, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric chemistry and physics discussions 12, 12685 (2012). http://doi.org/10.5194/ACPD-12-12685-2012
Abstract: Here we show that mineral dust retrieved from an ice core in the central West Antarctic sector, spanning the last five decades, provides evidence that northerly air mass incursions into Antarctica, tracked by dust microparticles, have slightly declined. This result contrasts with dust in ice core records reported in West/coastal Antarctica, which show significant increases to the present day. We attribute that difference, in part, to changes in the regional climate regime triggered by the ozone depletion and its consequences for the polar vortex intensity. The vortex maintains the Antarctic central region relatively isolated from mid-latitude air mass incursions with implications to the intensification of the Westerlies and to a persistent positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode. We also show that variability of the diameter of insoluble microparticles in central West Antarctica can be modeled by linear/quadratic functions of both cyclone depth (energy) and wind intensity around Antarctica.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.5194/ACPD-12-12685-2012
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“Leaf accumulation of atmospheric dust : biomagnetic, morphological and elemental evaluation using SEM, ED-XRF and HR-ICP-MS”. Castanheiro A, Hofman J, Nuyts G, Joosen S, Spassov S, Blust R, Lenaerts S, De Wael K, Samson R, Atmospheric Environment 221, 117082 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2019.117082
Abstract: Atmospheric dust deposition on plants enables the collection of site-specific particulate matter (PM). Knowing the morphology and composition of PM aids in disclosing their emitting sources as well as the associated human health risk. Therefore, this study aimed for a leaf-level holistic analysis of dust accumulation on plant leaves. Plant species (ivy and strawberry) with distinct leaf macro- and micro-morphology were exposed during 3 months at a moderate road traffic site in Antwerp, Belgium. Leaves collected every three weeks were analyzed for their magnetic signature, morphology and elemental content, by a combination of techniques (biomagnetic analyses, ED-XRF, HR-ICP-MS, SEM). Dust accumulation on the leaves was observed both visually (SEM) and magnetically, while the metal enrichment was limited (only evident for Cr) and more variable over time. Temporal dynamics during the second half of the exposure period, due to precipitation events and reduction of atmospheric pollution input, were evidenced in our results (elements/magnetically/SEM). Ivy accumulated more dust than strawberry leaves and seemed less susceptible to wash-off, even though strawberry leaves contain trichomes and a rugged micromorphology, leaf traits considered to be important for capturing PM. The magnetic enrichment (in small-grained, SD/PSD magnetite particles), on the other hand, was not species-specific, indicating a common contributing source. Variations in pollution contributions, meteorological phenomena, leaf traits, particle deposition (and encapsulation) versus micronutrients depletion, are discussed in light of the conducted monitoring campaign. Although not completely elucidative, the complex, multifactorial process of leaf dust accumulation can better be understood through a combination of techniques.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 5
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2019.117082
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“Application of improved CFD modeling for prediction and mitigation of traffic-related air pollution hotspots in a realistic urban street”. Lauriks T, Longo R, Baetens D, Derudi M, Parente A, Bellemans A, van Beeck J, Denys S, Atmospheric Environment 246, 118127 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2020.118127
Abstract: The correct prediction of air pollutants dispersed in urban areas is of paramount importance to safety, public health and a sustainable environment. Vehicular traffic is one of the main sources of nitrogen oxides (NO ) and particulate matter (PM), strongly related to human morbidity and mortality. In this study, the pollutant level and distribution in a section of one of the main road arteries of Antwerp (Belgium, Europe) are analyzed. The assessment is performed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD), acknowledged as a powerful tool to predict and study dispersion phenomena in complex atmospheric environments. The two main traffic lanes are modeled as emitting sources and the surrounding area is explicitly depicted. A Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach specific for Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) simulations is employed. After a validation on a wind tunnel urban canyon test case, the dispersion within the canopy of two relevant urban pollutants, nitrogen dioxide (NO) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 m (PM10), is studied. An experimental field campaign led to the availability of wind velocity and direction data, as well as PM10 concentrations in some key locations within the urban canyon. To accurately predict the concentration field, a relevant dispersion parameter, the turbulent Schmidt number, , is prescribed as a locally variable quantity. The pollutant distributions in the area of interest – exhibiting strong heterogeneity – are finally demonstrated, considering one of the most frequent and concerning wind directions. Possible local remedial measures are conceptualized, investigated and implemented and their outcomes are directly compared. A major goal is, by realistically reproducing the district of interest, to identify the locations inside this intricate urban canyon where the pollutants are stagnating and to analyze which solution acts as best mitigation measure. It is demonstrated that removal by electrostatic precipitation (ESP), an active measure, and by enhancing the dilution process through wind catchers, a passive measure, are effective for local pollutant removal in a realistic urban canyon. It is also demonstrated that the applied ABL methodology resolves some well known problems in ABL dispersion modeling.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 3.629
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2020.118127
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“Atmospheric trace element concentrations in Jerusalem, Israel”. Malenky B, Van Grieken R, Van 't dack L, Luria M, Atmospheric environment 17, 819 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(83)90432-8
Abstract: Trace elements found in aerosols were monitored in Jerusalem during the 1979 winter season utilizing an X-ray fluoresence technique. Most of the particulate mass was associated with the natural soil elements, such as Ca, Fe, K and Ti. Only a small fraction of the mass was comprised of elements clearly emitted from human sources, e.g. Pb, Br, V, Ni and Zn. An excellent correspondence was found between the enrichment factors observed in this study and those postulated for other parts of the world. However, the concentration of Ca and Sr in the Jerusalem suspended dust is substantially higher when compared with world averages of urban aerosols.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(83)90432-8
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“Classification of suspended particles in deposition samples and run-off water samples from a limestone cathedral”. Leysen LA, Roekens EJ, Storms H, Van Grieken RE, Atmospheric environment 21, 2425 (1987). http://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90377-5
Abstract: In a study on the mechanism of the air-pollution induced deterioration of the limestone St. Rombouts cathedral in Mechelen, Belgium, automated electron-probe X-ray micro-analysis combined with multivariate analysis was used to characterize the suspension particles in run-off water and in local wet and dry deposition samples. Altogether about 10,000 individual particles were sized, analyzed and classified, according to their chemical composition. It was found that the run-off water samples were highly enriched in CaCO3 particles, resulting from the stone-erosion by overflowing rainwater, while the Si-rich group was the most abundant one in the deposition samples. Several other particle types were found. Ion chromatography analysis of the run-off water showed 2001700mg l−1 of sulphate and 20110mg l−1 of nitrate.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(87)90377-5
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“Comparative assessment of air quality in two health resorts using carbon isotopes and palynological analyses”. Górka M, Jedrysek MO, Maj J, Worobiec A, Buczyńska A, Stefaniak E, Krata A, Van Grieken R, Zwozdziak A, Sówka I, Zwozdziak J, Lewicka-Szczebak D, Atmospheric environment 43, 682 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2008.09.056
Abstract: This paper describes results of applying the palynological and carbon isotopic analysis of the organic fraction of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) to discriminate distinct pollution sources and assess the anthropogenic impact for the investigated areas. The samples of atmospheric particles were collected in Czerniawa and Cieplice (two health resorts in Lower Silesia, SW Poland) twice a year in summer and winter season (from July 2006 to February 2008). The palynological spectra represent in the vast majority local plant communities without a noticeable contribution of long-transported plant particles. Palynological analysis revealed also differences in the specificity of the two sampling areas, i.e. the higher contribution of identified organic material in Czerniawa stands for more natural character of this site, but is also responsible for the higher allergic pressure when compared to Cieplice. The carbon isotopic composition of TSP varied seasonally (ä13C value from −27.09 in summer to −25.47 in winter). The increased ä13C value in winter (heating period) is most probably caused by uncontrolled contribution of coal soot. On the basis of isotopic mass balance the calculated contribution of anthropogenic organic particles in the atmosphere reached in winter season 72% in Czerniawa and 79% in Cieplice.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2008.09.056
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“Comparison of 3 dry deposition models applied to field-measurements in the Southern Bight of the North-Sea”. Rojas CM, Van Grieken RE, Laane RW, Atmospheric environment 27, 363 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90110-K
Abstract: Dry deposition velocities have been calculated using three different approaches. Turbulent wind profile theory has been used to predict the drag coefficient, wind speed and friction velocity at 10 m height when the wind speed is measured at a higher altitude. The resulting parameters were introduced in a two-layer deposition model. The second approach was the well-known model of Slinn and Slinn (1980, Atmospheric Environment 14, 1013-1016), whereas the third corresponded to the model published by Williams (1982, Atmospheric Environment 16, 1933 1938). Results point to clear differences. However, in a field experiment carried out at the Southern Bight of the North Sea, all three approaches show relatively comparable results. The role played by the size distribution of atmospheric particulate matter is essential. In our case any of the three models could have given satisfactory outcomes taking into account the wide spread of the experimental results cited in the literature for the same airshed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90110-K
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“Direct detection of sulfate and nitrate layers on sampled marine aerosols by laser microprobe mass analysis”. Bruynseels F, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment 19, 1969 (1985). http://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(85)90023-X
Abstract: The direct detection of sulfate and nitrate layers on sampled marine aerosols was carried out by laser microprobe mass analysts.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(85)90023-X
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“Rates of air pollution induced surface recession and material loss for a cathedral in Belgium”. Roekens E, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment 23, 271 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90119-4
Abstract: Runoff water samples were taken at the St. Rombout's Cathedral (Mechelen, Belgium), which was constructed with sandy limestones of Balegem and Gobertingen. Gypsum appeared to be the principal deterioration compound. The mean annual surface recession from the cathedral was calculated to be around 20 μm. Yearly several tons of stone material are flushed away from the cathedral with the rain water.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(89)90119-4
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“CFD modelling of small particle dispersion: the influence of the turbulence kinetic energy in the atmospheric boundary layer”. Gorlé, C, van Beeck J, Rambaud P, Van Tendeloo G, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 43, 673 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.060
Abstract: When considering the modelling of small particle dispersion in the lower part of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) using Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes simulations, the particle paths depend on the velocity profile and on the turbulence kinetic energy, from which the fluctuating velocity components are derived to predict turbulent dispersion. It is therefore important to correctly reproduce the ABL, both for the velocity profile and the turbulence kinetic energy profile. For RANS simulations with the standard kå model, Richards and Hoxey (1993. Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models using the kå turbulence model. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 4647, 145153.) proposed a set of boundary conditions which result in horizontally homogeneous profiles. The drawback of this method is that it assumes a constant profile of turbulence kinetic energy, which is not always consistent with field or wind tunnel measurements. Therefore, a method was developed which allows the modelling of a horizontally homogeneous turbulence kinetic energy profile that is varying with height. By comparing simulations performed with the proposed method to simulations performed with the boundary conditions described by Richards and Hoxey (1993. Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models using the kå turbulence model. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 4647, 145153.), the influence of the turbulence kinetic energy on the dispersion of small particles over flat terrain is quantified.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.629
Times cited: 79
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.060
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“Stack gas dispersion measurements with large scale-PIV, aspiration probes and light scattering techniques and comparison with CFD”. Nakiboglu G, Gorlé, C, Horvath I, van Beeck J, Blocken B, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 43, 3396 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.047
Abstract: The main purpose of this research is to manage simultaneous measurement of velocity and concentration in large cross-sections by recording and processing images of cloud structures to provide more detailed information for e.g. validation of CFD simulations. Dispersion from an isolated stack in an Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) was chosen as the test case and investigated both experimentally and numerically in a wind tunnel. Large Scale-Particle Image Velocimetry (LS-PIV), which records cloud structures instead of individual particles, was used to obtain the velocity field in a vertical plane. The concentration field was determined by two methods: Aspiration Probe (AP) measurements and Light Scattering Technique (LST). In the latter approach, the same set of images used in the LS-PIV was employed. The test case was also simulated using the CFD solver FLUENT 6.3. Comparison between AP measurements and CFD revealed that there is good agreement when using a turbulent Schmidt number of 0.4. For the LST measurements, a non-linear relation between concentration and light intensity was observed and a hyperbolic-based function is proposed as correction function. After applying this correction function, a close agreement between CFD and LST measurements is obtained. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.629
Times cited: 15
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.047
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“Quantifying inflow uncertainties in RANS simulations of urban pollutant dispersion”. García Sánchez C, Van Tendeloo G, Gorle C, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 161, 263 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2017.04.019
Abstract: Numerical simulations of flow and pollutant dispersion in urban environments have the potential to support design and policy decisions that could reduce the population's exposure to air pollution. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations are a common modeling technique for urban flow and dispersion, but several sources of uncertainty in the simulations can affect the accuracy of the results. The present study proposes a method to quantify the uncertainty related to variability in the inflow boundary conditions. The method is applied to predict flow and pollutant dispersion in downtown Oklahoma City and the results are compared to field measurements available from the Joint Urban 2003 measurement campaign. Three uncertain parameters that define the inflow profiles for velocity, turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation are defined: the velocity magnitude and direction, and the terrain roughness length. The uncertain parameter space is defined based on the available measurement data, and a non-intrusive propagation approach that employs 729 simulations is used to quantify the uncertainty in the simulation output. A variance based sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most influential uncertain parameters, and it is shown that the predicted tracer concentrations are influenced by all three uncertain variables. Subsequently, we specify different probability distributions for the uncertain inflow variables based on the available measurement data and calculate the corresponding means and 95% confidence intervals for comparison with the field measurements at 35 locations in downtown Oklahoma City. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.629
Times cited: 17
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2017.04.019
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“A new opportunity for biomagnetic monitoring of particulate pollution in an urban environment using tree branches”. Wuyts K, Hofman J, van Wittenberghe S, Nuyts G, De Wael K, Samson R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 190, 177 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2018.07.014
Abstract: Environmental magnetism, and the magnetic leaf signal in particular, is amply investigated and applied as proxy for atmospheric particulate matter pollution. In this study, we investigated the magnetic signal of annual segments of tree branches, and the composition of particles deposited hereon. Branches are, contrary to leaves of deciduous trees, available during leaf-off seasons and exposed to air pollution year-round. We examined the intra- and inter-tree variation in saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) of branch internodes of London plane (Platanus x aeerifolia Willd.) trees in an urban environment. The branch SIRM, normalized by surface area, ranged from 18 to 650 x 10(-6) angstrom; the median amounted to 106 x 10(-6) angstrom. Most of the branch magnetic signal was attributed to the epidermis or bark, and the presence of metal-containing particles on the branch surfaces was confirmed by SEM-EDX. The location of the trees and the height, the depth in the crown and the age of the branches significantly influenced the branch SIRM. The median branch SIRM was up to 135% higher near a busy ring road than in quiet environments (city park and quiet street canyon), and was linked to the presence of Fe-rich particles with co-occurrence of trace metals such as Cr, Cu, Zn and Mn on the branch surface. Within the tree crowns, the branch SIRM generally decreased with increasing height, and was 22% higher in the interior than at the periphery of the crowns. Within the branches, the SIRM increased with each year of exposure, but did not relate to year-to-year variation in particle concentrations due to branch surface changes (epidermis shedding). Our results provide indications that branches can be a valuable alternative for biomagnetic monitoring of particulate pollution, but intra-tree variability in branch SIRM can be substantial due to the branch's location in the tree and branch age.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.629
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2018.07.014
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“Airborne bacteria in the atmosphere : presence, purpose, and potential”. Smets W, Moretti S, Denys S, Lebeer S, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 139, 214 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2016.05.038
Abstract: Numerous recent studies have highlighted that the types of bacteria present in the atmosphere often show predictable patterns across space and time. These patterns can be driven by differences in bacterial sources of the atmosphere and a wide range of environmental factors, including UV intensity, precipitation events, and humidity. The abundance of certain bacterial taxa is of interest, not only for their ability to mediate a range of chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere, such as cloud formation and ice nucleation, but also for their implications -both beneficial and detrimental-for human health. Consequently, the widespread importance of airborne bacteria has stimulated the search for their applicability. Improving air quality, modelling the dispersal of airborne bacteria (e.g. pathogens) and biotechnological purposes are already being explored. Nevertheless, many technological challenges still need to be overcome to fully understand the roles of airborne bacteria in our health and global ecosystems.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2016.05.038
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“Analytical study of the deterioration of sandstone, marble and granite”. Sweevers H, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 26b, 159 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90019-O
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90019-O
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“Atmospheric BTEX-concentrations in an area with intensive street traffic”. Buczyńska AJ, Krata A, Stranger M, Godoi AFL, Kontozova-Deutsch V, Bencs L, Naveau I, Roekens E, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 43, 311 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2008.09.071
Abstract: The major threat to clean air in developed and industrializing countries is now posed by traffic emissions. The effects of traffic road modifications on the air quality are, however, rarely reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the modernization and renovation of a traffic artery in the region of Mortsel (Antwerp, Belgium) on the concentration of volatile organic compounds such as: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-, p-, o-xylenes (BTEX). The original goal of the reconstruction works was to reduce the traffic lanes of one of the busiest streets in Antwerp, in order to discourage the road traffic and in consequence also to improve the air quality in this region. The average concentrations of BTEX before these works in 2003 were: 1.6, 7.0, 0.9, 2.3, and 0.9 ìg/m3, for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p xylenes, and o-xylene, respectively. However, after the completion of the works, in 2005, they were slightly higher: 2.5, 9.5, 1.6, 3.4, and 1.3 ìg/m3, respectively. The scatter plots of benzene against toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in 2003 and 2005 showed very good correlations. This fact indicated that all of the measured compounds originated from the same source, namely the road traffic. Moreover, the data obtained from an air-monitoring station at less than 6 km distance from the sampling site (operated by the Flemish Environment Agency, and located in Borgerhout, Antwerp), confirmed the lack of influence of background concentrations of BTEX. The obtained results led to the conclusion that the reduction of the number of traffic lanes had apparently increased the traffic jams and also increased the emission from cars. Therefore, these modernization works had even a negative impact on the local concentration of traffic-related pollutants as BTEX.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2008.09.071
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“Atmospheric concentrations and size distributions of aircraft-sampled Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn over the Southern Bight of the North Sea”. Injuk J, Otten P, Laane R, Maenhaut W, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 26a, 2499 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90102-Q
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90102-Q
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“Atmospheric nitrogen fluxes at the Belgian coast: 2004-2006”. Bencs L, Krata A, Horemans B, Buczyńska AJ, Dirtu AC, Godoi AFL, Godoi RHM, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 43, 3786 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2009.04.002
Abstract: Daily and seasonal variations in dry and wet atmospheric nitrogen fluxes have been studied during four campaigns between 2004 and 2006 at a coastal site of the Southern North Sea at De Haan (Belgium) located at coordinates of 51.1723° N and 3.0369° E. Concentrations of inorganic N-compounds were determined in the gaseous phase, size-segregated aerosol (coarse, medium, and fine), and rainwater samples. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was quantified in rainwater. The daily variations in N-fluxes of compounds were evaluated with air-mass backward trajectories, classified into the main air-masses arriving at the sampling site (i.e., continental, North Sea, and Atlantic/UK/Channel). The three, non-episodic campaigns showed broadly consistent fluxes, but during the late summer campaign exceptionally high episodic N-deposition was observed. The average dry and wet fluxes for non-episodic campaigns amounted to 2.6 and 4.0 mg N m−2 d−1, respectively, whereas during the episodic late summer period these fluxes were as high as 5.2 and 6.2 mg N m−2 d−1, respectively. Non-episodic seasons/campaigns experienced average aerosol fluxes of 0.91.4 mg N m−2 d−1. Generally, the contribution of aerosol NH4+ was more significant in the medium and fine particulate fractions than that of aerosol NO3−, whereas the latter contributed more in the coarse fraction, especially in continental air-masses. During the dry mid-summer campaign, the DON contributed considerably (15%) to the total N-budget. Exceptionally high episodic aerosol-N inputs have been observed for the late summer campaign, with especially high deposition rates of 3.6 and 2.9 mg N m−2 d−1 for Atlantic/UK/Channel and North Sea-continental (mixed) air-masses, respectively. During this pollution episode, the flux of NH4+ was dominating in each aerosol fraction/air-mass, except for coarse continental aerosols. High deposition of gaseous-N was also observed in this campaign with an average total N-flux of 22.5-times higher than in other campaigns.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2009.04.002
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“Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source attribution, emission factors and regulation”. Ravindra K, Sokhi R, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 42, 2895 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2007.12.010
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2007.12.010
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“Background aerosol composition in the Namib Desert, South West-Africa (Namibia)”. Annegarn HJ, Van Grieken RE, Dibby DM, Von Blottnitz F, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 17, 2045 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(83)90361-X
Abstract: A remote site in the Namib Desert was selected for sampling background aerosols in southern Africa, as one of a wide network of stations spanning the Southern Hemisphere in a programme designed to measure the background concentrations of trace elements in the atmosphere. A series of samples was collected over a 6-month period using a single-orifice cascade impactor, which fractionated the particles into six size groups. Analysis was performed using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), yielding results for S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Br and Sr, and occasionally also for V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. No direct correlations with wind direction were observed excluding strong local or regional sources of particles. K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe can be identified with a dust dispersion source. Cl, large particle S and Br, and part of the K and Sr are derived from sea spray. Relative to the soil components small particle K is not enriched as it normally is in regions with less scarce vegetation. Cr, V, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations and enrichments in the aerosol are lower than practically all values measured at any other location hitherto. The concentration of the small particle sulphur, 200 ng m−3, is believed to be related to anaerobic conditions and plankton blooms in the ocean upwelling zones off Namibia.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(83)90361-X
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“Characterisation of aerosol particles in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area”. de Miranda RM, de Fátima Andrade M, Worobiec A, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 36, 345 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00363-6
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00363-6
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“Characterisation of Amazon Basin aerosols at the individual particle level by X-ray microanalytical techniques”. Worobiec A, Szalóki I, Osán J, Maenhaut W, Stefaniak EA, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 41, 9217 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2007.07.056
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2007.07.056
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“Characterisation of particulate matter in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp, Belgium”. Gysels K, Deutsch F, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 36, 4103 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00229-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00229-7
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“Characterisation of wood combustion particles using electron probe microanalysis”. Osán J, Alföldy B, Török S, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 36, 2207 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00153-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00153-X
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“Characterization of North-Sea aerosols by individual particle analyses”. Bruynseels F, Storms H, Van Grieken R, Van der Auwera L, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 22, 2593 (1988). http://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90493-3
Abstract: On aerosol and rain water samples, collected in the Southern Bight of the North Sea, single particle analyses were performed using both laser microprobe mass analysis and electron-probe X-ray microanalysis in combination with an automated image analysis system. In the aerosols collected from an air mass that had travelled from the Atlantic Ocean along the coast of North France, pure seasalt constituted the most abundant particle type, while aluminosilicates (mostly spherical fly-ash particles) amounted to about 20% and mixed seasalt/aluminosilicate, carbonaceous particles, CaSO4 and spherical iron oxides contributed each 510 %. In air masses that had a longer residence time over the continent, spherical iron oxides, carbonaceous particles and ammonium sulfates together made up 70 % of the total particle load. Seasalt particles were nearly all enriched in sulfate or nitrate, but they were seen to be washed out efficiently after a rain shower. In rain water, some 40 % of the particles appeared to be spherical or irregularly shaped aluminosilicates, from fly-ash and dust dispersal, but more than 50 % consisted of SiO2. The high relative abundance of these particles in rain water may be the result of Al leaching from fly-ash, or of more efficient scavenging by rain droplets.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(88)90493-3
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“Chemical composition and mass closure of particulate matter at six urban sites in Europe”. Sillanpää, M, Hillamo R, Saarikoski S, Frey A, Pennanen A, Makkonen U, Spolnik Z, Van Grieken R, Brani&scaron, M, Brunekreef B, Chalbot M-C, Kuhlbusch T, Sunyer J, Kerminen V-M, Kulmala M, Salonen RO, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 40, S212 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2006.01.063
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2006.01.063
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