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	Author	van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Caen, J.; Vanmeert, F.; Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Chemical imaging of stained-glass windows by means of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	124	Issue		Pages	615-622
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
	Abstract	Since the recent development of a mobile setup, MA-XRF scanning proved a valuable tool for the non-invasive, technical study of paintings. In this work, the applicability of MA-XRF scanning for investigating stained-glass windows inside a conservation studio is assessed by analysis of a high-profile, well-studied late-mediaeval panel. Although accurate quantification of components is not feasible with this analytical imaging technique, plotting the detected intensities of K versus Ca in a scatter plot allowed distinguishing glass fragments of different compositional types within the same panel. In particular, clusters in the Ca/K correlation plot revealed the presence of two subtypes of potash glass and three subtypes of high lime low alkali glass. MA-XRF results proved consistent with previous quantitative SEM-EDX analysis on two samples and analytical-based theories on glass production in the Low Countries formulated in literature. A bi-plot of the intensities of the more energetic Rb-K versus Sr-K emission lines yielded a similar glass type differentiation and is here presented as suitable alternative in case the Ca/K signal ratio is affected by superimposed weathering crusts. Apart from identification of the chromophores responsible for the green, blue and red glass colors, contrasting the associated elemental distribution maps obtained on the exterior and interior side of the glass permitted discriminating between colored pot metal glass and multi-layered flashed glass as well. Finally, the benefit of obtaining compositional information from the entire surface, as opposed to point analysis, was illustrated by the discovery of what appears to be a green cobalt glass a feature that was previously missed on this well-studied stained-glass window, both by connoisseurs and spectroscopic sample analysis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000367755600074	Publication Date	2015-10-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	; The staff of the Museums of the City of Bruges, i.e. Director Till-Holger Borchert and Deputy Curator Kristel Van Audenaeren, are acknowledged for this pleasant collaboration and the authorization for the publication of the images in this article. This research was supported by the InBev-Baillet Latour fund. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:131100			Serial	5514
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hirayama, A.; Abe, Y.; van Loon, A.; De Keyser, N.; Noble, P.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Tantrakarn, K.; Taniguchi, K.; Nakai, I.
	Title	Development of a new portable X-ray powder diffractometer and its demonstration to on-site analysis of two selected old master paintings from the Rijksmuseum			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	138	Issue	138	Pages	266-272
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A portable X-ray powder diffractometer (p-XRD) PT-APXRD III has been developed for onsite analysis of paintings and archaeological samples. By using a Cu anode X-ray tube and a silicon drift diode (SDD) detector, diffraction patterns with a high signalnoise (S/N) ratio can be recorded. The X-ray tube can be operated at a maximum voltage of 60 kV, which makes it possible to simultaneously record X-ray fluorescence spectra up to the high-energy region. The total weight of this instrument is 16 kg, which can be carried anywhere and the goniometer unit (5.6 kg) can be placed on a tripod for analysis of mural paintings. We brought the instrument to the Rijksmuseum in the Netherlands to examine its applicability for the analysis of oil paintings. We successfully analyzed two seventeenthcentury oil paintings by Johannes Vermeer and Jan Davidsz de Heem (copy after). Ultramarine blue, leadtin yellow type I, and Naples yellow were identified from the diffraction patterns, demonstrating the high practicality of this instrument. Furthermore, it was found from the SEM-EDX analysis of a paint cross section that the yellow pigment was applied in separate layers rather than being mixed. This diffractometer will be commercially available in the near future and will have many applications in the field of material analysis. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000428103000030	Publication Date	2018-01-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was conducted with the support of the JSPS (Tokyo, Japan)-FWO (Brussels, Belgium) bilateral exchange project. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151565			Serial	5575
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	Author	Horemans, B.; Cardell, C.; Bencs, L.; Kontozova-Deutsch, V.; De Wael, K.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Evaluation of airborne particles at the Alhambra monument in Granada, Spain			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	99	Issue	2	Pages	429-438
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	As a part of an ongoing investigation regarding the air quality at the Alhambra monument (UNESCO World Cultural Heritage), indoor and outdoor atmospheric aerosols (PM1 and PM10-1) and pollutant gases (O3, NO2, SO2 and NH3) were studied during summer and winter. Bulk elements, ionic compounds and black carbon (BC) in aerosols were analyzed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, ion chromatography and aethalometry/reflectometry, respectively. Natural PM10-1 aerosols, such as carbonate-rich soil and sea salts, reacted with a typical urban atmosphere, producing a mixture of particulates with diverse chemical composition. The content/formation of secondary inorganic aerosols depended on the air temperature and absolute humidity. Ratios of typical mineral elements (i.e., Ti/Fe and Si/Fe) showed that Saharan dust events contribute to the composition of the observed mineral aerosol content. BC, V and Ni originated from diesel exhaust, while Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn came mainly from non-exhaust vehicular emissions. Weathering phenomena, such as blackening and pigment discoloration, which could arise from gradual aerosol deposition indoors, are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000295770700042	Publication Date	2011-06-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	39	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034; 2011 IF: 3.048
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:91720			Serial	5611
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	Author	van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Slama, I.; Van Zuien, E.; Gruber, G.; Van der Stighelen, K.; Klaassen, L.; Oberthaler, E.; Janssens, K.
	Title	In situ macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning as a non-invasive tool to probe for subsurface modifications in paintings by PP Rubens			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	138	Issue	138	Pages	238-245
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Within the last decade, the established synchrotron- and laboratory-based micro-XRF scanning technology inspired the development of mobile instruments that allow performing in situ experiments on paintings on a macro scale. Since the development of the first mobile scanner at the start of this decade, this chemical imaging technique has brought new insights with respect to several iconic paintings, especially in cases when standard imaging techniques such as X-Ray Radiography (XRR) or Infrared Refiectography (IRR) yielded ambiguous results. The ability of scanning MA-XRF to visualise the distribution of elements detected at and below the paint surface renders this spectrometric method particularly helpful for studying painting techniques and revealing materials that remain hidden below the paint surface. The latter aspect is especially relevant for the technical study of works by Pieter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) as this highly productive seventeenth century master is particularly renowned for the continuous application of modifications during (and even after) the entire course of the creative process. In this work, the added value of MA-XRF scanning experiments for visualising these subsurface features is exemplified by interpreting the chemical images obtained on three of Rubens' key works. Special attention is given to three types of adjustments that are particularly relevant for the technical study of Rubens' oeuvre: (1) compositional changes ('pentimenti'), exemplified by results obtained on The Portrait of Helene Fourment (ca. 1638), (2) extensions to the support ('Anstlickungen.), illustrated by imaging experiments performed on the Venus Frigida (1614) and (3) Rubens' intriguing halos around flesh tones, as found amongst others in The Incredulity of Saint Thomas (1613). The ensuing insights in the paint stratigraphy and the underlying supporting structure illustrate the potential of MA-XRF scanning for the non-invasive, comparative study of Rubens' oeuvre. The results do not only augment the understanding of the complex genesis of Rubens' works of art and his efficient painting technique, but prove valuable during conservation treatments as well, as addressed in this paper. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000428103000027	Publication Date	2018-01-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151564			Serial	5657
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	Author	Legrand, S.; Ricciardi, P.; Nodari, L.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Non-invasive analysis of a 15th century illuminated manuscript fragment: point-based vs imaging spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	138	Issue	138	Pages	162-172
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Illuminated manuscript fragments are some of the best preserved objects of Western cultural heritage. Therefore, scholars are limited to non-invasive – often point-based – methods, to answer questions on material usage, technique, origin and previous treatments. These powerful methods yield specific information; however, the information is limited to the number of points analyzed. Imaging spectroscopies such as MA-XRF and MA-rFTIR combine specificity with the power of imaging, resulting in distribution images that are interpretable by non-spectroscopists and the public at large. In this paper the possible added value of using imaging spectroscopy is discussed. Do these methods yield the same results as an extensive point-based spectroscopic campaign and can they bring novel information? As a case study, a 15th century illuminated manuscript fragment is employed in order to explore the differences between these approaches and present an inventory of their advantages and limitations. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000428103000019	Publication Date	2018-01-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors wish to thank Dr. Stella Panayotova, Keeper of Manuscripts and Printed Books at the Fitzwilliam Museum, for allowing technical analysis of the manuscript fragment, and Dr. Suzanne Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of Manuscripts and Printed Books, for crucial help in identifying the text on the reverse of the fragment and its significance. We also wish to thank Prof. Andrew Beeby and Dr. Catherine Nicholson for their complementary Raman analyses. The warm hospitality of the Hamilton Kerr Institute is also gratefully acknowledged. The Esmee Fairbairn Collections Fund and Cambridge University's Returning Carers Scheme provided funding for part of this research. SL and KJ acknowledge support from project METOX (contract BR/165/A6/MetOx), BELSPO, Brussels. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151563			Serial	5749
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	Author	Buczyńska, A.J.; Geypens, B.; Van Grieken, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Optimization of sample clean-up for the GC-C-IRMS and GC-IT-MS analysis of PAHs from air particulate matter			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	119	Issue		Pages	83-92
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The optimization of sample clean-up for the analysis of air particulate matter PAHs stable carbon isotope ratio using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) cartridges is described in this paper. Various adsorbents, such as silica gel, alumina, florisil, commercially available for sample purification were compared. Best performance for the clean-up of 24-h air particulate matter samples was obtained with activated silica-gel columns in terms of selectivity and reproducibility. One step clean-up was optimized for concentration determination and in case of co-elutions, a second step was additionally used for carbon isotope ratio analysis. The method was subsequently validated with standard reference material and was checked for carbon isotope fractionation artefacts. No significant differences in δ13C values were found for unprocessed solutions of PAHs and solution subjected to the extraction and purification procedure. The procedure was tested on air particulate matter samples collected in three different locations in Belgium. Statistically significant differences in carbon isotope ratio of PAHs between Borgerhout location and Zelzate or Gent were noticed, confirming the differences in distribution and diagnostic ratios found during the concentration analyses and different PAH sources in these locations. The results, therefore, seem very promising for the use of δ13C of PAHs as an additional information helpful in source identification of these pollutants
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000348957800013	Publication Date	2014-11-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034; 2015 IF: 2.746
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:120641			Serial	5759
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	Author	Alvarez-Martin, A.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Protecting and stimulating effect on the degradation of eosin lakes. Part 1 : lead white and cobalt blue			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	141	Issue	141	Pages	51-63
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	An important problem encountered during the preservation of paintings and other artworks is the fading of the original colors due to exposure of the colorants to light. This fact is clearly evidenced in some of Vincent Van Gogh's paintings in which an organic red, eosin or geranium lake, is present. The identification of eosin and the characterization of its degradation products in paintings represents a challenge because of (i) the generally low concentration of the pigment remaining after an aging period of ca 100 years, (ii) the scarcity of the paint micro samples available for analysis and the difficulty of obtaining additional ones and (iii) the complexity of the degradation behavior of eosin when it is mixed with organic or inorganic pigments, binding media or varnish. This study presents an accelerated aging experiment of eosin paint models in order to understand better the discoloration process; more specifically the influence of different metals with which eosin forms complexes and of the presence of admixture pigments such as lead white and cobalt blue on the lightfastness of eosin is evaluated. Paint model samples were prepared using eosin, lead white, and cobalt blue in different mixing ratios and were characterized with several techniques before and after aging. The possible formation of intermediate molecular forms during the aging experiment and the influence of pigment ratios on the discoloration process were monitored at periodic intervals using a combination of LTV Visible and attenuated total Reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopies. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and optical microscopy (OM) analyses were performed to gain information about the discoloration processes taking place within the paint models. Eosin precipitated on lead, aluminum and potassium/aluminum salts was used. These three lakes showed similar discoloration rates under light exposure. In contrast, the presence and relative abundance of the admixture pigments lead white and cobalt blue had a significant influence on the (speed of the) eosin discoloration process. The presence of lead white and cobalt blue appears to stimulate the eosin degradation. However, the cobalt blue shows less influence in the discoloration process, showing a protective effect during the first stages of the aging. This may be qualitatively explained in terms of the ability of lead white to scatter light towards eosin molecules and the absorption characteristics of cobalt blue in the green range of the electromagnetic spectrum, shielding eosin from incoming light. The color changes observed in the paint reconstructions are similar to discoloration phenomena visible in some Van Gogh paintings and can offer an explanation of the gradual discoloration process that took place over the years. These insights will be helpful to estimate the original hues color used/intended by the artist.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000439678200006	Publication Date	2018-05-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors sincerely acknowledged Dr. Costanza Miliani for sharing information about the synthesis of geranium lake. The authors also acknowledged Dr. Geert van der Snickt and Gert Nuyts for the help with the aging experiments and for carrying out the SEM-EDX measurements respectively. The authors would like to acknowledge the SolarPaint project (GOA programme, Antwerp University Research Council) for financial support. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:153087			Serial	5788
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	Author	Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Alfeld, M.; Noble, P.; van Loon, A.; Delaney, J.; Conover, D.; Zeibel, J.; Dik, J.
	Title	Rembrandt's 'Saul and David' (c. 1652) : use of multiple types of smalt evidenced by means of non-destructive imaging			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	126	Issue		Pages	515-523
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The painting Saul and David, considered to date from c. 1652 and previously attributed to Rembrandt van Rijn and/or his studio, is a complex work of art that has been recently subjected to intensive investigation and conservation treatment. The goal of the research was to give insight into the painting's physical construction and condition in preparation for conservation treatment. It was also anticipated that analysis would shed light on authenticity questions and Rembrandt's role in the creation of the painting. The painting depicts the Old Testament figures of King Saul and David. At left is Saul, seated, holding a spear and wiping a tear from his eye with a curtain. David kneels before him at the right playing his harp. In the past, the large sections with the life-size figures were cut apart and later reassembled. A third piece of canvas was added to replace a missing piece of canvas above the head of David. As part of the investigation into the authenticity of the curtain area, a number of paint micro samples were examined with LM and SEM-EDX. Given that the earth, smalt and lake pigments used in the painting could not be imaged with traditional imaging techniques, the entire painting was also examined with state of the art non-destructive imaging techniques. Special attention was devoted to the presence of cobalt-containing materials, specifically the blue glass pigment smalt considered characteristic for the late Rembrandt. A combination of quantitative electron microprobe analysis and macroscopic X-ray fluorescence scanning revealed that three types of cobalt-containing materials are present in the painting. The first type is a cobalt drier that was found in the overpaint used to cover up the canvas inset and the joins that were added in the 19th century. The other two Co-containing materials are part of the original paint used by Rembrandt and comprise two varieties of smalt, a K-rich glass pigment that derives its gray-blue color by doping with Co-ions. Smalt paint with a higher Ni content (NiO:CoO ratio of around 1:4) was used to depict the blue stripes in Saul's colorful turban, while smalt with a lower Ni content was employed (NiO:CoO ratio of around 1:5) for the broad expanses of Saul's garments. The presence of two types of smalt not only supports the recent re-attribution of the painting to Rembrandt, but also that the picture was painted in two phases. Saul's dark red garment is painted in a rough, “loose” manner and the now discolored smalt-rich layer was found to have been partially removed during a past restoration treatment/s. In contrast, the blue-green smalt in the turban is much better preserved and provides a colorful accent. While the use of different types of smalt in a Rembrandt painting has been previously identified using quantitative EDX analysis of paint cross-sections, to the best of our knowledge this is the first time such a distinction has been observed in a 17th-century painting using non-destructive imaging techniques. In addition to the XRF-based non-invasive elemental mapping, hyperspectral imaging in the visual to near-infrared (VNIR) region was also carried out. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000373647500063	Publication Date	2016-01-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	; This research is part of the ReVisualising late Rembrandt: Developing and Applying New Imaging Techniques research project, supported by the Science4Arts research program of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO, The Hague, NL, ReVisRembrandt project) and the National Science Foundation (NSF, Washington DC, USA, award 1041827). We would like to thank colleagues of the Mauritshuis (The Hague, NL) and the Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency (RCE) in Rijswijk, NL for their support and assistance during the scanning of the Saul and David painting. The GOA project “SOLARPAINT” (University of Antwerp) and the Fund Baillet Latour (Brussels, B) are acknowledged for financial support to GvdS and KJ. We also like to acknowledge the help of Eliza Longhini and Stijn Legrand during some of the XRF scanning stages. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:133258			Serial	5813
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	Author	Alfeld, M.; Wahabzada, M.; Bauckhage, C.; Kersting, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Noble, P.; Janssens, K.; Wellenreuther, G.; Falkenberg, G.
	Title	Simplex Volume Maximization (SiVM): a matrix factorization algorithm with non-negative constrains and low computing demands for the interpretation of full spectral X-ray fluorescence imaging data			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	132	Issue		Pages	179-184
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Technological progress allows for an ever-faster acquisition of hyperspectral data, challenging the users to keep up with interpreting the recorded data. Matrix factorization, the representation of data sets by bases (or loads) and coefficient (or score) images is long used to support the interpretation of complex data sets. We propose in this publication Simplex Volume Maximization (SiVM) for the analysis of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging data sets. SiVM selects archetypical data points that represents the data set and thus provides easily understandable bases, preserves the non-negative character of XRF data sets and has low demands concerning computing resources. We apply SiVM on an XRF data set of Hans Memling's Portrait of a man from the Lespinette family from the collection of the Mauritshuis (The Hague, NL) and discuss capabilities and shortcomings of SiVM. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000399845700026	Publication Date	2017-02-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	; The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) is acknowledged for the financial support (Verbundprojekt 05K2012 POISSON: Fortschrittliche Faktorenanalyse ffir Poisson-verteilte Daten). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:152647			Serial	5830
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	Author	Kontozova-Deutsch, V.; Deutsch, F.; Godoi, R.H.M.; Van Grieken, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Urban air pollutants and their micro effects on medieval stained glass windows			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	99	Issue	2	Pages	508-513
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Levels of urban gaseous and particulate pollutants were investigated in the Cathedral of Cologne, Germany in the framework of the EU-project VIDRIO. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a protective double glazing system on the preservation of ancient stained glass windows by sampling at protected and unprotected windows (indoors, in the interspace and outdoor of the Cathedral). The interspace between the ancient stained glass window and the protective glazing is flushed in the Cathedral by indoor air, hence isolating the historic glass from the outdoor air and exposing it to indoor air on both sides of the glass panels. Concentrations of aggressive gaseous pollutants such as NO2, SO2, O3 and CO2 as well as elemental concentrations of bulk particles and relative abundances of single particles were surveyed at all sampling locations. Elemental concentrations in bulk particulate matter were found to be significantly lower inside the Cathedral in comparison to the outdoor air. This result is advantageous for the stained glass windows. Single particle analysis of the samples from Cologne showed also soil dust and organic particles as well as sulphates and nitrates, from which the latter two compounds are dangerous for the stained glass windows. On the base of the obtained results, it can be concluded that the protective glazing system in the Cathedral of Cologne can be considered as predominantly advantageous from both the gases' point of view (except for NO2-candles burning) and from the particles' point of view.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000295770700053	Publication Date	2011-07-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the European Commission through the “VIDRIO-project”, contract no. EVK4-CT-2001-00045. Financial support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the assistance and advice during the experimental work given by the Dombauhutte team in Cologne, especially by Dr. Ulrike Brinkman and Gunter Hettinger. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034; 2011 IF: 3.048
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:91078			Serial	5889
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	Author	Idris, A.M.; Eltayeb, M.A.H.; Potgieter-Vermaak, S.S.; Van Grieken, R.; Potgieter, J.H.
	Title	Assessment of heavy metals pollution in Sudanese harbours along the Red Sea Coast			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	87	Issue	2	Pages	104-112
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000251750000003	Publication Date	2007-07-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:66067			Serial	7504
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	Author	de Maeyer-Worobiec, A.; Dekov, V.M.; Laane, R.W.P.M.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	EPXMA survey of shelf sediments (Southern Bight, North Sea): a glance beyond the XRD-invisible			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	91	Issue	1	Pages	21-31
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Shelf sediments of the southern North Sea, were studied with a microanalytical [electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA)] and two bulk [X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF)] techniques. The investigation proved that the promptness of the microanalytical method is combined with a reasonable analytical reliability. XRD studies of such a type of sediments with monotonous mineral composition are not able to provide mineralogical information beyond the main well-crystalline minerals and the mineralogical quantitative characteristic of the sediment based on XRD estimations are incorrect. The EPXMA mineralogical interpretations are based on the statistical evaluation of a huge data set (thousands of mineral particles) and provide a rather correct quantitative determination of the main minerals. The comparative EPXMAXRF study revealed that the Al, Si, K, Ca, Fe and to some extent Ti contents estimated by EPXMA are fairly reliable. In this respect the accuracy of the EPXMA-based mineral identification of the pure silicates, pure aluminosilicates, and Al-, Ca-, Fe- and Ti-containing minerals with simple composition is very high. Mg-calcite, augite and apatite determinations are assessed to be correct. The supposed accuracy of the clay mineral determinations is slightly lower (7080%) than that of the other main minerals due to the complex and varying composition of the clays. The identification of XRD-invisible accessory minerals and quantification of their presence in the sediments is an essential advantage of the EPXMA, which makes it a useful approach in tracing the origin of the sediments, the pathways of their transport and the geochemical processes they have undergone. However, the EPXMA has several flaws, which need to be solved in the future sediment investigations: (1) calibration with natural standards is needed in order to provide a higher accuracy of the mineral determinations; (2) any EPXMA study of sediments needs to be secured with XRF examinations of selected samples since EPXMA gives only semi-quantitative information about the abundance of the elements; (3) ultra-thin window EPXMA of low-Z elements has to be used since some of them (O, C) are always present in the main sediment components: silicates, aluminosilicates, carbonates and metal oxyhydroxides; (4) the interpretations of the clay fraction have to be supported with detailed XRD investigations of selected samples, while the mineralogy of the silt and sand fractions needs to be backed up with optical microscopy studies. The information from different analytical techniques (EPXMA with XRFXRD-optical microscopy of selected samples) combined with the knowledge about the most possible minerals in a given environment, would give the most reliable results in studying mineralogical composition of shelf sediments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000262963300006	Publication Date	2008-07-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:71604			Serial	7933
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Worobiec, A.; Potgieter-Vermaak, S.; Brooker, A.; Darchuk, L.; Stefaniak, E.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Interfaced SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectrometry for characterisation of heterogeneous environmental particles: fundamental and practical challenges			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	94	Issue	1	Pages	65-72
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract	The molecular character of atmospheric particulate matter is of prime importance when interpreting air pollution trends and its subsequent influence on environmental monitoring and preventative conservation. The known methods of estimating the molecular composition normally involve elemental analysis of particles (both as bulk and computer controlled analyses of single particles) with subsequent multivariate analyses to clusterise the elements in groups of elements that are closely related to each other. With this approach one can at best suggest associations. Evidently the application of molecular spectroscopy in addition to elemental concentration profiles would provide intimate information regarding the nature of the particles and consequently their fate. This paper gives an overview of research performed in our laboratory and describes the optimisation of experimental parameters to use scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray detection (SEM/EDX) or electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) in parallel with micro-Raman Spectrometry (MRS) to investigate single environmental particles. The challenges associated with the two stand-alone techniques are revealed and consequently those posed with an interfaced approach are discussed. Preliminary results, of an initial investigation of the SEM/EDX interfaced with MRS to ultra-fine heterogeneous environmental particles, are given.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000273238800011	Publication Date	2009-09-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:79801			Serial	8114
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Jabłoński, M.B.; Stefaniak, E.A.; Darchuk, L.; Turzańska, K.; Gorzelak, M.; Kuduk, R.; Dorriné, W.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Microchemical investigation of bone derived from mice treated with strontium in different chemical forms using scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	108	Issue		Pages	168-173
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	We used SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectroscopy to investigate the chemical changes (both on the level of elementary and molecular composition) of mice bones when strontium is incorporated in their microstructure after being administered in the form of two salts: chloride and ranelate. Strontium accumulated mainly in vicinity of bone edges, both cortical and close to bone marrow. The distribution of other elements comprising bone samples (Ca, P, Mg, K etc.) was also determined by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The area adjacent to a cortical bone edge with accumulated strontium has presented modified Raman spectral profiles. Besides most of the Raman bands typical for both mineral (hydroxyapatite with carbonate substitution type B) and organic phases of a bone, we observed a Raman band at 811 cm− 1. It was detected regularly in the sample with high strontium concentration.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000316427100027	Publication Date	2012-10-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:107882			Serial	8246
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Stranger, M.; Krata, A.; Kontozova-Deutsch, V.; Bencs, L.; Deutsch, F.; Worobiec, A.; Naveau, I.; Roekens, E.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Monitoring of NO₂ in the ambient air with passive samplers before and after a road reconstruction event			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	90	Issue	2	Pages	93-98
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract	Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations were used to evaluate the air quality before and after the infrastructural change of an important traffic artery in Mortsel, Antwerp (Belgium). During the reconstruction works two pairs of traffic lanes were reduced to one in each direction. Two sampling campaigns were conducted: the first one before the works in 2003 and the second one in 2005, after the road works were finished. Sampling was performed on a weekly base with the use of passive diffusion tubes on the streets, and also indoors in nearby houses. The samples were analyzed by ion chromatography, from which data the NO2 concentrations in air could be calculated. These results were compared with NO2 values from the air monitoring station 42R801 of the Flemish Environment Agency in Borgerhout, Antwerp. On the base of different NO2 concentrations, correlated well with the traffic density, sampling locations were classified into three groups as follows: 1) heavily polluted (heavy traffic); 2) moderately polluted (medium traffic); or 3) less polluted (low traffic density). Sampling sites located further from the road works, enclosed to the group less polluted, showedthe lowestNO2 concentrations. The highestNO2 levelwas found for the locations close to reconstructionworks, which belonged to the group heavily polluted. The contribution of NO2 was at the samelevel before and after the roadworks. During the first campaign it ranged from30±7 µg/m3 to 71±11 µg/m3 and during the second sampling itwas between 36±17 µg/m3 and 73±17 µg/m3. These modernizationworks had no impact on preventing the traffic-related pollutant as NO2 and as a consequence no significant effect on the air quality in the studied region. It has been proven that the impact of traffic on the air quality is unmistakably high and simply reduction of the number of the traffic lanes, intended to discourage the traffic flow, had apparently no environmentally advantageous effect
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000261084200002	Publication Date	2008-04-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:71076			Serial	8276
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Alejo, ellys; Morales, M.C.; Nuñez, V.; Bencs, L.; Van Grieken, R.; van Espen, P.
	Title	Monitoring of tropospheric ozone in the ambient air with passive samplers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	99	Issue	2	Pages	383-387
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Two sampling campaigns in suburban places in the north zone of Santa Clara city, Cuba, have been carried out on a weekly base with the use of Radiello passive diffusion tubes in order to monitor the tropospheric ozone (O3) levels in 2010. The first campaign was scheduled from February to April (cold season) and the second one in August and October (warm season), both of them at two sampling sites, i.e., Farm and School of Art Instructors. After aqueous extraction, the samples were analyzed by UVVIS spectrophotometry. A seasonal trend was observed with the maximum O3 concentrations in the cold season and the minimum levels in the warm season. Samples collected during the cold season showed the highest O3 levels. Higher levels were reached at the Farm site with average values of about 58 ± 12 μg/m3, which exceeded the limit of the Cuban Standard 99:1999. In the warm season, the O3 concentrations were similar for both sites, but lower than those observed in the cold season. The overall, seasonal average value was found to be 24 μg/m3. Despite the higher weekly average temperatures in August, the O3 concentrations during this month showed the lowest values of the whole sampling period, which finding is in agreement with that reported by the Meteorological Institute of Cuba. Mathematical models, based on the Cochrane-Orcutt algorithm, were fitted to the acquired data set to explain the change in the tropospheric ozone concentrations under various meteorological conditions during the two campaigns. The correlation coefficients for both the cold and the warm seasons demonstrated a strong correlation, i.e., 0.779 and 0.951, respectively. The high correlation of wind speed in the model from the first sampling campaign explains the sharp decrease in O3 concentrations at the SAI sampling site from the sixth week of sampling.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000295770700034	Publication Date	2011-06-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93294			Serial	8277
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Álvarez-Martín, A.; De Winter, S.; Nuyts, G.; Hermans, J.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.
	Title	Multi-modal approach for the characterization of resin carriers in Daylight Fluorescent Pigments			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Microchemical Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	159	Issue		Pages	105340
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
	Abstract	Almost seventy years after artists such as Frank Stella (1936), Andy Warhol (1928-1987), James Rosenquist (1933-2017), Herb Aach (1923-1985) and Richard Bowman (1918-2001) started to incorporate Daylight Fluorescent Pigments (DFPs) in their artworks, the extent of the conservation problems that are associated with these pigments has increased progressively. Since their first appearance on the market, their composition has constantly been improved in terms of permanency. However, conservation practices on the artworks that are used in, are complicated by the fact that the composition of DFPs is proprietary and the information provided by the manufactures is limited. To be able to propose adequate conservation strategies for artworks containing DFPs, a thorough understanding of the DFPs composition must be acquired. In contrast with previous research that concentrated on identification of the coloring dye, this paper focuses on the characterization of the resin, used as the carrier for the dye. The proposed approach, involving ATR-FTIR, SPME-GC-MS and XRF analysis, provided additional insights on the organic and inorganic components of the resin. Using this approach, we investigated historical DFPs and new formulations, as well as different series from the main manufacturing companies (DayGlo, Swada, Radiant Color and Kremer) in order to obtain a full characterization of DFPs used by the artists along the years. First, the initial PCA-assisted ATR-FTIR spectroscopy allowed for an efficient classification of the main monomers in the resin polymer. Next, a further distinction was made by mass spectrometry and XRF which were optimized to allow a more specific classification of the resin and for detection of additives. In this paper we show the potential of SPME-GC-MS, never applied for the characterization of artistic materials, at present undervalued for heritage science purposes. We anticipate that this information will be highly relevant in the future stability studies and for defining (preventive) conservation strategies of fluorescent artworks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000598761400009	Publication Date	2020-07-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.8	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.8; 2020 IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:175083			Serial	8286
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Godoi, R.H.M.; Aerts, K.; Harlay, J.; Kaegi, R.; Ro, C.-U.; Chou, L.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Organic surface coating on Coccolithophores – Emiliania huxleyi: its determination and implication in the marine carbon cycle			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	91	Issue	2	Pages	266-271
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Most of the marine precipitation of CaCO3 is due to the biological activities of planktonic and benthic organisms in waters largely oversaturated with respect to calcium carbonates. This saturation state is expected to decrease as CO2 increases in seawater. A conventional view in oceanography suggests that calcium carbonates organisms are preserved in oversaturated waters and dissolve only below the lysocline. However, it has be postulated that a fraction of the CaCO3 precipitated biogenically could dissolve in oversaturated waters due to the formation of microenvironments in which respired CO2 decreases the saturation state of seawater (Ù) in the vicinity of CaCO3 crystals. In the present study, cells of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi obtained from laboratory cultures and field samples collected in the Gulf of Biscay, were examined using variable-energy electron-probe microanalysis, to determine the presence and thickness of their organic coating. In addition, a new approach for transferring micrometer-sized particles from a filter onto transmission electron microscope grids using manipulators was used to investigate individual coccolithophores. The dry thickness of an organic coating over the coccolithophore surface was found to range between 280 and 350 nm. The resemblance of this coating to the carbohydrates produced and released by the cell is discussed as well as their potential for constituting a microenvironment that hosts bacteria. The properties of this organic coating and its role in the preservation/dissolution and export of biogenic carbonates in the water column are one of the major issues of carbonate geochemistry.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000264238000020	Publication Date	2009-01-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:73322			Serial	8346
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Mihucz, V.G.; Varga, Z.; Tatár, E.; Virág, I.; Van Grieken, R.; Koleszár, Z.; Záray, G.
	Title	Redistribution of uranium and thorium by soil/plant interaction in a recultivated mining area			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	90	Issue	1	Pages	44-49
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	During the recultivation of the uranium mining area of Kõvágószõlõs (Hungary), the tailings were covered with clay and loess soil layers having a thickness of 30 cm and 100 cm, respectively. In the loess covering layer, acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), poplars (Populus × albus, Populus × canescens), oak (Quercus pubescens), silver tree (Eleagnus angustifolia) were planted between 1996 and 2004. In order to establish the extent of the uranium and thorium transport from the sludge to the leaves by uptake and translocation processes through roots with a length higher than 1.3 m results in a remarkable redistribution of these pollutants, a gray poplar tree, growing spontaneously in the last uncovered tailing, being selected as reference tree. The U and Th concentrations in the leaves of the above-mentioned trees, in the covering layers as well as in the original sludge were determined by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SF-MS). Generally, the Th concentration of the soils was about 4 times higher than that of uranium, while uranium concentration was about 10130 times higher than that of thorium in the leaf samples and its concentration ranged from 28 to 1045 ng g− 1, the last value belonging to the poplar tree growing on the last uncovered tailing. In order to assume the mobility and bioavailability of uranium if the dry leaves fall down, the uranium species in the leaves of the poplar tree growing in the uncovered reservoir were determined applying ultrasound-assisted extraction with distilled water and ammonium acetate as well as high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)-ICP-SF-MS technique. About 20% of total uranium could be extracted in form of uranyl cations and a presumably negatively charged uranium compound. Estimations revealed that the annual increment of U in the soil surface layer due to the dead fallen leaves in case of the investigated gray poplar (Populus × canescens) is about 1.2%.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000258744000008	Publication Date	2008-03-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:70717			Serial	8464
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Worobiec, A.; Samek, L.; Karaszkiewicz, P.; Kontozova-Deutsch, V.; Stefaniak, E.A.; van Meel, K.; Krata, A.; Bencs, L.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	A seasonal study of atmospheric conditions influenced by the intensive tourist flow in the Royal Museum of Wawel Castle in Cracow, Poland			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	90	Issue	2	Pages	99-106
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract	Increasingmass tourismcan generate importantmicroclimatic perturbations and also elevate indoor pollution by the transport of fine particulatematter. The purpose of this researchwas to study the indoor air conditions in the RoyalMuseum ofWawel Castle in Cracow, Poland, displaying amongst other valuable works of art also a unique collection of Flemish tapestries. The investigation involved in the determination of transport and deposition of particulate matter brought in by visitors. The microclimate inside the exhibition rooms was also monitored. Samples of suspended particulateswere collected inside and outside themuseuminwinterand summer2006.On days with intensive tourist visits the concentration of total suspended particulates was significantly higher (i.e., 130 µg/m3 inwinter and 49 µg/m3 in summer) than on those days without tourists (i.e., 73 µg/m3 and 22 µg/m3 in winter and summer, respectively). The concentrations of all investigated elementswere also considerably higher during the tourist flow. This was especially valid for soil dust associated elements (Si, K, Ca, Al, and Ti), with considerably higher levels in summer than winter. This could be linked with much more frequent tourist activity in the summer period. Also, the concentration of Clwasmuch higher inwinter than summer, due to the use of deicing salts on the roads and pavements.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000261084200003	Publication Date	2008-04-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:70988			Serial	8500
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Alvarez-Martin, A.; Kavich, G.
	Title	SPME-GC–MS for the off-gassing analysis of a complex museum object			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Microchemical Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	167	Issue		Pages	106276
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
	Abstract	The identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by a complex museum object, composed of materials of different nature, has been optimized by solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC–MS). The performance of two fiber coatings and four sampling times were tested and compared in order to define the best sampling conditions. The method allowed a fair extraction of volatile and semivolatile compounds emitted naturally by the object, without any type of accelerating aging. In addition, on-fiber derivatization was applied to improve the extraction efficiency and reduce the sampling time of harmful carboxylic acids emitted by the object. The results obtained are of prime importance to show the off-gassing activity of a valuable museum object in order to take further decisions related with its storage and display conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000662640500001	Publication Date	2021-04-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:181924			Serial	8577
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Darchuk, L.A.; Zaverbna, L.V.; Worobiec, A.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Structural features of human tooth tissues affected by high dose of external ionizing radiation after nuclear catastrophe of Chernobyl plant			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	97	Issue	2	Pages	282-285
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract	The application of micro-Raman spectroscopy is discussed for the analysis of structural features of human tooth tissues affected by high doses of external ionizing radiation (0.51.7 Gy) after the nuclear plant catastrophe in Chernobyl in 1986. The results have shown significant changes in the mineral matrix of dental enamel that lead to the decrease of tooth enamel hardness. Destruction of the collagen chain of the organic matrix has been observed for dentin and cementum.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000286558200029	Publication Date	2010-10-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:86818			Serial	8585
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Aerts, A.; Adams, F.; Jones, K.W.; Knöchel, A.
	Title	Synchrotron radiation induced X-ray microfluorescence analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1996	Publication	Microchimica acta T2 – 4th Workshop of the European-Microanalysis-Society on Modern, Developments and Applications in Microbeam Analysis, MAY, 1995, ST MALO, FRANCE	Abbreviated Journal	4th Workshop of the European-Microanalysis-Society on Modern, Developments and Applications in Micro
	Volume		Issue	s:[13]	Pages	87-115
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	mu-XRF is the microscopic equivalent of the well-established multielement analytical technique. In this paper, after comparing the interaction of X-ray photons, electrons and protons with matter and an introduction to synchrotron rings and microfocussing of X-rays, the instrumentation for mu-XRF is discussed, both for laboratory source and synchrotron based setups and the analytical characteristics of mu-XRF are contrasted to that of other microanalytical techniques, Also, this issue of quantification of mu-XRF data is addressed; the applicability of the method in archeological and geological analysis is illustrated.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1996VT82300006	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:104410			Serial	5866
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Wagner, B.; Nowak, A.; Bulska, E.; Kunicki-Goldfinger, J.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; schalm
	Title	Complementary analysis of historical glass by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and laser ablation inductiveley coupled plasma mass spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Microchimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	162	Issue	3-4	Pages	415-424
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000258194900014	Publication Date	2007-10-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:70565			Serial	5533
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Wadsak, M.; Constantinides, I.; Vittiglio, G.; Adriaens, A.; Janssens, K.; Schreiner, M.; Adams, F.C.; Brunella, P.; Wuttmann, M.
	Title	Multianalytical study of patina formed on archaeological metal objects from Bliesbruck-Reinheim			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2000	Publication	Microchimica acta	Abbreviated Journal	Microchim Acta
	Volume	133	Issue		Pages	159-164
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000087797400024	Publication Date	2003-02-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-3672; 1436-5073	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.58	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.58; 2000 IF: 1.303
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:28228			Serial	5740
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	Author	Spolnik, Z.; Bencs, L.; Worobiec, A.; Kontozova, V.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Application of EDXRF and thin window EPMA for the investigation of the influence of hot air heating on the generation and deposition of particulate matter			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Microchimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	149	Issue		Pages	79-85
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000226408200010	Publication Date	2005-01-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:51258			Serial	7471
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	Author	Kontozova-Deutsch, V.; Deutsch, F.; Godoi, R.H.M.; Spolnik, Z.; Wei, W.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Application of EPMA and XRF for the investigation of particulate pollutants in the field of cultural heritage			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Microchimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	161	Issue	3/4	Pages	465-469
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000256175600029	Publication Date	2008-01-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-3672; 1436-5073	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:68798			Serial	7474
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	Author	Osán, J.; Kurunczi, S.; Török, S.; Worobiec, A.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Application of thin-window EPMA to environmental problems in Hungary			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Microchimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	139	Issue		Pages	111-117
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000175560300017	Publication Date	2003-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-3672; 1436-5073	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:39521			Serial	7484
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	Author	Cardell, C.; Yebra, A.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Applying digital image processing to SEM-EDX and BSE images to determine and quantify porosity and salts with depth in porous media			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Microchimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	140	Issue		Pages	9-14
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000178757500003	Publication Date	2003-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:40619			Serial	7487
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	Author	Semenov, M.Y.; Spolnik, Z.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Assessing the size-dependent chemical speciation of soil particles using electron probe X-ray microanalysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Microchimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	157	Issue	3/4	Pages	121-126
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000244691600001	Publication Date	2006-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-3672; 1436-5073	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:63400			Serial	7498
Permanent link to this record