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	Author	Buysse, C.; Kovalevsky, A.; Snijkers, F.; Buekenhoudt, A.; Mullens, S.; Luyten, J.; Kretzschmar, J.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Fabrication and oxygen permeability of gastight, macrovoid-free Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-\delta capillaries for high temperature gas separation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Journal of membrane science	Abbreviated Journal	J Membrane Sci
	Volume	359	Issue	1-2	Pages	86-92
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Oxygen-permeable perovskites with mixed ionic-electronic conducting properties can play an important role in the separation of oxygen from air which is needed in the oxy-fuel and pre-combustion technologies for the removal and capture of CO2. In this work, gastight, macrovoid-free Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCF) capillaries were successfully shaped by a phase-inversion spinning technique, followed by calcination and sintering. It was found that both the rheology of the ceramic suspension and the composition of bore liquid and coagulation bath are key factors for making macrovoid-free green capillaries. Gastight BSCF capillaries were obtained by sintering for 5 h at 1100 °C. The sintered BSCF capillaries contained a significant amount of BaSO4 due to a reaction with the polysulfone binder during calcination. The oxygen permeation flux through the BSCF capillaries was measured and compared to literature data on BSCF disk and hollow fiber membranes measured in similar conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000279953300010	Publication Date	2009-10-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-7388	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.035	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors want to express their thanks to the VITO personnel for their continuous support, especially B. Molenberghs, W. Doyen, H. Beckers (Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO), R. Kemps, M. Mertens, I. Thijs, M. Schoeters, W. Bouwen and J. Cooymans (Materials Department, VITO). C. Buysse thankfully acknowledges a PhD scholarship provided by VITO and the University of Antwerp. This work is performed in the framework of the German Helmholtz Alliance Project “MEM-BRAIN”, aiming at the development of gas separation membranes for zero-emission fossil fuel power plants. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.035; 2010 IF: 3.673
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:82008			Serial	5950
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	Author	Buysse, C.; Kovalevsky, A.; Snijkers, F.; Buekenhoudt, A.; Mullens, S.; Luyten, J.; Kretzschmar, J.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Development, performance and stability of sulfur-free, macrovoid-free BSCF capillaries for high temperature oxygen separation from air			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of membrane science	Abbreviated Journal	J Membrane Sci
	Volume	372	Issue	1/2	Pages	239-248
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Capture and storage of CO2 (CCS) from fossil-fuel power plants is vital in order to counteract a pending anthropogenic global warming. High temperature oxygen transport perovskite membranes can fulfill an important role in the separation of oxygen from air needed in the oxy-fuel technologies for CCS. In this study we present the development, performance and stability of gastight, macrovoid-free and sulfur-free Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3 − δ (BSCF) mixed conductor capillary membranes prepared by phase-inversion spinning and sintering. A sulfur-free phase-inversion polymer was chosen in order to obtain a phase-pure BSCF crystal phase. Special attention was given to the polymer solution and ceramic spinning suspension in order to avoid macrovoids and achieve gastight membranes. The sulfur-free BSCF capillaries showed an average 4-point bending strength of 64 ± 8 MPa and a maximum oxygen flux of not, vert, similar5.3 Nml/(cm2 min) at 950 °C for an argon sweep flow rate of 125 Nml/min. The comparison of the performance of sulfur-free and sulfur-containing BSCF capillaries with similar dimensions revealed a profound impact of the sulfur contamination on both the oxygen flux and the activation energy of the overall oxygen transport mechanism. Both long-term oxygen permeation at different temperatures and post-operation analysis of a sulfur-free BSCF capillary were performed and discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000289829200026	Publication Date	2011-02-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-7388	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.035	Times cited	32	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors want to express their thanks to the VITO staff for their continuous support, especially B. Molenberghs, W. Doyen, H. Beckers, R. Kemps, M. Mertens, M. Schoeters and H. Chen. C. Buysse thankfully acknowledges a PhD scholarship provided by VITO and the University of Antwerp. This work is performed in the framework of the German Helmholtz Alliance Project “MEM-BRAIN”, aiming at the development of gas separation membranes for zero-emission fossil fuel power plants. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.035; 2011 IF: 3.850
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:89916			Serial	5942
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	Author	Buysse, C.; Michielsen, B.; Middelkoop, V.; Snijkers, F.; Buekenhondt, A.; Kretzschmar, J.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Modeling of the performance of BSCF capillary membranes in four-end and three-end integration mode			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Ceramics international	Abbreviated Journal	Ceram Int
	Volume	39	Issue	4	Pages	4113-4123
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio, there has been an increasing research interest in mixed ionic electronic conducting (MIEC) capillary membranes for large-scale high temperature oxygen separation applications. They offer an energy-efficient solution for high temperature combustion processes in oxy-fuel and pre-combustion CO2 capture technologies used in fossil fuel power plants. In order to assess the effectiveness of these membranes in power plant applications, the impact of the geometry of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) capillaries on their performance in the three-end and four-end integration modes has been investigated and thoroughly discussed. The model's parameters were derived from four-end mode lab-scale experiments using gas-tight, macrovoid free and sulfur-free BSCF capillary membranes that were prepared by a phase-inversion spinning technique. The results of this modeling study revealed that in the four-end mode higher average oxygen fluxes and smaller total membrane areas can be obtained than in the three-end mode. This is due to the higher pO(2) gradient across the membrane wall. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000318129100084	Publication Date	2012-11-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0272-8842	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.986	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors wish to thank all the VITO staff involved in the project for their continued support, and in particular B. Molenberghs, W. Doyen, H. Beckers and S. Mullens. C. Buysse would like to acknowledge funding from VITO and the University of Antwerp for a Ph.D. studentship. This work has been performed in the framework of the German Helmholtz Alliance Project “MEM-BRAIN”, aiming at the development of gas separation membranes for zero-emission fossil fuel power plants. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.986; 2013 IF: 2.086
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:109020			Serial	5971
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	Author	Deng, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.; He, Z.; Cott, D.J.; Vereecken, P.M.; Martens, J.A.; Bals, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Detavernier, C.
	Title	Atomic layer deposition-based synthesis of photoactive TiO₂ nanoparticle chains by using carbon nanotubes as sacrificial templates			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	RSC advances	Abbreviated Journal	Rsc Adv
	Volume	4	Issue	23	Pages	11648-11653
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Highly ordered and self supported anatase TiO2 nanoparticle chains were fabricated by calcining conformally TiO2 coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). During annealing, the thin tubular TiO2 coating that was deposited onto the MWCNTs by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was transformed into chains of TiO2 nanoparticles ([similar]12 nm diameter) with an ultrahigh surface area (137 cm2 per cm2 of substrate), while at the same time the carbon from the MWCNTs was removed. Photocatalytic tests on the degradation of acetaldehyde proved that these forests of TiO2 nanoparticle chains are highly photoactive under UV light because of their well crystallized anatase phase.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000332470000017	Publication Date	2014-02-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2046-2069;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.108	Times cited	45	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; The authors wish to thank the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and UGENT-GOA-01G01513 for financial support. The authors acknowledge the European Research Council for funding under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 239865-COCOON and no. 246791-COUNTATOMS. JAM acknowledges the Flemish government for long-term structural funding (Methusalem). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.108; 2014 IF: 3.840
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117298			Serial	168
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	Author	Deng, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.; Martens, J.A.; Van den Berghe, S.; Devloo-Casier, K.; Devulder, W.; Dendoover, J.; Deduytsche, D.; Detavernier, C.
	Title	Controllable nitrogen doping in as deposited TiO₂ film and its effect on post deposition annealing			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films	Abbreviated Journal	J Vac Sci Technol A
	Volume	32	Issue	1	Pages	01a123
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	In order to narrow the band gap of TiO2, nitrogen doping by combining thermal atomic layer deposition (TALD) of TiO2 and plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of TiN has been implemented. By altering the ratio between TALD TiO2 and PEALD TiN, the as synthesized TiOxNy films showed different band gaps (from 1.91 eV to 3.14 eV). In situ x-ray diffraction characterization showed that the crystallization behavior of these films changed after nitrogen doping. After annealing in helium, nitrogen doped TiO2 films crystallized into rutile phase while for the samples annealed in air a preferential growth of the anatase TiO2 along (001) orientation was observed. Photocatalytic tests of the degradation of stearic acid were done to evaluate the effect of N doping on the photocatalytic activity.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000335847600023	Publication Date	2013-12-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0734-2101	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.374	Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors wish to thank the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) for financial support. The authors acknowledge the European Research Council for funding under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement Nos. 239865-COCOON and 246791-COUNTATO. The authors also acknowledge the support from UGENT-GOA-01G01513 and IWT-SBO SOSLion. J.A.M. acknowledges the Flemish government for long-term structural funding (Methusalem). J.D. acknowledges the Flemisch FWO for a postdoctoral fellowship. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.374; 2014 IF: 2.322
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:117296			Serial	5936
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	Author	Van Wesenbeeck, K.; Hauchecorne, B.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Study of positive and negative plasma catalytic oxidation of ethylene			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Environmental technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Technol
	Volume	38	Issue	12	Pages	1554-1561
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	The effect of introducing a photocatalytically active coating inside a plasma unit is investigated. This technique combines the advantages of high product selectivity from catalysis and the fast start-up from plasma technology. In this study, a preselected TiO2 coating is applied on the collector electrode of a DC corona discharge unit as non-thermal plasma reactor, in order to study the oxidation of ethylene. For both positive and negative polarities an enhanced mineralization is observed while the formation of by-products drastically decreases. The plasma catalytic unit gave the best results when using negative polarity at a voltage of 15kV. This shows the potential of plasma catalysis as indoor air purification technology.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000402018900010	Publication Date	2016-10-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-3330	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.751	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors wish to thank the University of Antwerp for supporting and funding this research. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.751
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:144351			Serial	5993
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	Author	Hauchecorne, B.; Terrens, D.; Verbruggen, S.; Martens, J.A.; van Langenhove, H.; Demeestere, K.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Elucidating the photocatalytic degradation pathway of acetaldehyde : an FTIR in situ study under atmospheric conditions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	106	Issue	3/4	Pages	630-638
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	In this paper, new insights of the photocatalytic oxidation pathway of acetaldehyde are obtained by means of an in-house constructed FTIR in situ reactor. It is shown that there are generally three different intermediates present: acetic acid, formic acid and formaldehyde. By means of FTIR in situ spectroscopy, this study revealed that these intermediates are bound on the TiO2 surface in different ways, resulting in the presence of more intermediate species, such as molecularly adsorbed acetic acid, bidentate acetate, molecularly adsorbed formic acid, monodentate formate, bidentate formate, formaldehyde and dioxymethylene. Furthermore, spectroscopic evidence is obtained concerning the formation of 3-hydroxybutanal and crotonaldehyde upon adsorption of acetaldehyde on TiO2 prior to UV illumination. The presented results thus give new insights in the photocatalytic oxidation pathway of acetaldehyde.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000294092400042	Publication Date	2011-06-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	46	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors wish to thank the University of Antwerp for the funding of this research. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446; 2011 IF: 5.625
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:92433			Serial	5948
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	Author	Hauchecorne, B.; Tytgat, T.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Hauchecorne, D.; Terrens, D.; Smits, M.; Vinken, K.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Photocatalytic degradation of ethylene : an FTIR in situ study under atmospheric conditions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	105	Issue	1/2	Pages	111-116
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Molecular Spectroscopy (MolSpec); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	In this paper, the reaction mechanism of the photocatalytic oxidation of ethylene is elucidated by means of an in-house developed FTIR in situ reactor. This reactor allowed us to look at the catalytic surface at the moment the reactions actually occur. This new approach gave some exciting new insights in how ethylene is photocatalytically oxidised. It was found that there is a change in dipole moment of the ethylene molecule when it is brought in the neighbourhood of the catalyst. From this finding, a hypothesis was formulated on how the CC-bond from ethylene will break. It was found that the aforementioned interaction between the catalyst and the molecule, allows the excited electrons from the UV irradiated catalyst to occupy the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the ethylene molecule through a process known as backdonation. Following this hypothesis, it was found that the degradation occurs through the formation of two intermediates: formaldehyde and formic acid, for which formaldehyde is bound in two different ways (coordinatively and as bidentate). Finally CO2 and H2O are found as end products, resulting in the complete mineralisation of the pollutant.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000291907400013	Publication Date	2011-04-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	29	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors wish to thank the University of Antwerp for the funding of this research; Evonik, who delivered the photocatalyst and the 3rd grade bachelor students of the bio-science engineering department, who accompanied us in this work: Britt Berghmans, Margot Goossens, Ozlem Kocak and Laurent Van Linden. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446; 2011 IF: 5.625
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:89256			Serial	5978
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	Author	Hofman, J.; Samson, R.; Joosen, S.; Blust, R.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Cyclist exposure to black carbon, ultrafine particles and heavy metals : an experimental study along two commuting routes near Antwerp, Belgium			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Environmental research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	164	Issue	164	Pages	530-538
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Urban environments typically exhibit large atmospheric pollution variation, in both space and time. In contrast to traditional monitoring networks suffering from a limited spatial coverage, mobile platforms enable personalized high-resolution monitoring, providing valuable insights into personal atmospheric pollution exposure, and the identification of potential pollution hotspots. This study evaluated personal cyclist exposure to UFPs, BC and heavy metals whilst commuting near Antwerp, Belgium, by performing mobile measurements with wearable black carbon (BC) and ultrafine particle (UFP) instruments. Loaded micro-aethalometer filterstrips were chemically analysed and the inhaled pollutant dose determined from the exhibited heart rate. Considerable spatial pollutant variation was observed along the travelled routes, with distinct contributions from spatial factors (e.g. traffic intersections, urban park and market) and temporary events. On average 300% higher BC, 20% higher UFP and changing elemental concentrations are observed along the road traffic route (RT), when compared to the bicycle highway route (BH). Although the overall background pollution determines a large portion of the experienced personal exposure (in this case 53% for BC and 40% for UFP), cyclists can influence their personal atmospheric pollution exposure, by selecting less exposed commuting routes. Our results, hereby, strengthen the body of evidence in favour of further policy investments in isolated bicycle infrastructure.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000431387100063	Publication Date	2018-04-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors would like to acknowledge the Flanders Environment Agency (VMM) for granting access to the 42R817 monitoring station and provision of telemetric pollutant and meteorological data. The corresponding author acknowledges the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) for his postdoctoral research grant (12I4816N). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:150540			Serial	5939
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	Author	Huyskens, C.; De Wever, H.; Fovet, Y.; Wegmann, U.; Diels, L.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Screening of novel MBR fouling reducers : benchmarking with known fouling reducers and evaluation of their mechanism of action			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Separation and purification technology	Abbreviated Journal	Sep Purif Technol
	Volume	95	Issue		Pages	49-57
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	A novel fouling characterization method was applied for a first screening of two novel synthetic flocculants developed by BASF (BASF-1 and BASF-2) and benchmarking with six well-known products. Results showed that this MBR-VITO Fouling Measurement (VFM) was able to identify beneficial and adverse effects of different additives on the mixed liquor's reversible and irreversible fouling and, in combination with supporting mixed liquor analyses, allowed to identify the additive's main working mechanism. The first screening tests indicated that BASF-1 and BASF-2 reduced reversible and irreversible fouling to a similar extent as the known synthetic flocculants due to a charge neutralization mechanism, resulting in enhanced flocculation and SMP removal. Further testing at different additive concentrations provided a first indication of the optimal dosage and revealed a considerable risk of overdosing for BASF-2, rendering it less suited for fouling control. In contrast, such adverse effects were not observed for BASF-1. BASF-1 induced similar beneficial effects as the known MPE50 polymer at lower dosage and was therefore considered promising for application in MBRs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000307032100008	Publication Date	2012-04-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1383-5866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.359	Times cited	24	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors would like to thank K. Luyckx, J. Fret, L. Heylen, R. Muyshondt, H. Sterckx, J. Verheyden and J. Vande-Velden for technical assistance and V. Iversen for kindly supplying some of the commercial additives. Celine Huyskens is indebted to the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). The European Commission is acknowledged for financial support to Aquafit4use (FP7, Grant 211534). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.359; 2012 IF: 2.894
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:101903			Serial	5990
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	Author	Hauchecorne, B.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Unravelling the mysteries of gas phase photocatalytic reaction pathways by studying the catalyst surface : a literature review of different Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic reaction cells used in the field			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal of photochemistry and photobiology: C: photochemistry reviews	Abbreviated Journal	J Photoch Photobio C
	Volume	14	Issue		Pages	72-85
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Unlike the profound knowledge of the reaction mechanisms occurring in water phase photocatalysis, still fairly little is known on the reaction mechanisms occurring on the catalyst surface when dealing with gaseous pollutants. Unfortunately, there are some differences between both reactions. For one, there are no abundant hydroxyl radicals present in the gas phase, so that possibly other species prove to be important in abating the pollutant. In order to unravel the mysteries of gas phase photocatalytic reaction pathways, in situ techniques must be used to allow the detection and identification of reaction intermediates on a working catalyst. Several techniques were already used in the past, of which Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy seems to be the most versatile. This review will therefore give a selective overview of different spectroscopic reaction cells constructed for the in situ study of photocatalytic gas phase reactions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000314669600005	Publication Date	2012-09-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1389-5567	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.317	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	; The University of Antwerp is greatly acknowledged for the fellowship granted to Birger Hauchecorne. The authors would also like to thank Sammy W. Verbruggen for his help in providing several papers of interest. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.317; 2013 IF: 11.625
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:106518			Serial	6001
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	Author	De Baere, K.; Verstraelen, H.; Willemen, R.; Smet, J.-P.; Tchuindjang, J.T.; Lecomte-Beckers, J.; Lenaerts, S.; Meskens, R.; Jung, H.G.; Potters, G.
	Title	Assessment of corrosion resistance, material properties, and weldability of alloyed steel for ballast tanks			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of marine science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	J Mar Sci Tech-Japan
	Volume	22	Issue	1	Pages	176-199
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Ballast tanks are of great importance in the lifetime of modern merchant ships. Making a ballast tank less susceptible to corrosion can, therefore, prolong the useful life of a ship and, thereby, lower its operational cost. An option to reinforce a ballast tank is to construct it out of a corrosion-resistant steel type. Such steel was recently produced by POSCO Ltd., South Korea. After 6 months of permanent immersion, the average corrosion rate of A and AH steel (31 samples) was 535 g m(-2) year(-1), while the Korean CRS was corroding with 378 g m(-2) year(-1). This entails a gain of 29 %. Follow-up measurements after 10, 20, and 24 months confirmed this. The results after 6 months exposure to alternating wet/dry conditions are even more explicit. Furthermore, the physical and metallurgical properties of this steel show a density of 7.646 t/m(3), the elasticity modulus 209.3 GPa, the tensile strength 572 MPa, and the hardness 169HV10. Microscopically, the metal consists of equiaxed and recrystallized grains (ferrite and pearlite), with an average size of between 20 and 30 A mu m (ASTM E 112-12 grain size number between 7 and 8) with a few elongated pearlitic grains. The structure is banded ferrite/pearlite. On the basis of a series of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer measurements the lower corrosion rate of the steel can be attributed to the interplay of Al, Cr, their oxides, and the corroding steel. In addition, the role of each element in the formation of oxide layers and the mechanisms contributing to the corrosion resistance are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000395006400015	Publication Date	2016-07-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0948-4280	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	0.838	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	; This paper is published with the explicit permission of POSCO Ltd., original source of the corrosion resistant steel. Due to the creativity of the POSCO engineers and scientists, we could have our challenge, presented in this manuscript. The authors wish to thank the BOF funding received from the University of Antwerp and the Maritime Academy. We also wish to express our gratitude towards to the American Bureau of Shipping for their assistance in procuring the CRS plates, their moral and financial support, as well as to OCAS (Arcelor Mittal, Zelzate, Belgium) for their assistance in a number of measurements. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 0.838
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:142509			Serial	5928
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	Author	Sóti, V.; Jacquet, N.; Apers, S.; Richel, A.; Lenaerts, S.; Cornet, I.
	Title	Monitoring the laccase reaction of vanillin and poplar hydrolysate			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	J Chem Technol Biot
	Volume	91	Issue	6	Pages	1914-1922
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Biochemical Wastewater Valorization & Engineering (BioWaVE)
	Abstract	BACKGROUND Laccase is an intensively researched enzyme for industrial use. Except for decolorisation measurements, HPLC analysis is the conventional method for monitoring the phenolic removal during laccase enzyme reaction. This paper reports an investigation of the continuous UV absorbance follow-up of the laccase reaction with steam pretreated poplar hydrolysate. RESULTS Vanillin was used as a model substrate and lignocellulose xylose rich fraction (XRF) as a biologically complex substrate for laccase detoxification. The reaction was followed by HPLC-UV as well as by UV spectrometric measurements. Results suggest that the reaction can be successfully monitored by measuring the change of UV absorbance at 280 nm, without previous compound separation. In case of XRF experiments the spectrophotometric follow-up is especially useful, as HPLC analysis takes a long time and provides less information than in case of single substrates. The method seems to be suitable for optimization and process control. CONCLUSION The obtained results can help to construct a fast, easy and straightforward monitoring system for laccase-phenolic substrate reactions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000375768300040	Publication Date	2015-07-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0268-2575; 1097-4660	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.135	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	; This research is financed by the University of Antwerp (project number 15 FA100 002). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.135
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127694			Serial	5972
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	Author	Sóti, V.; Lenaerts, S.; Cornet, I.
	Title	Of enzyme use in cost-effective high solid simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Journal of biotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	J Biotechnol
	Volume	270	Issue	270	Pages	70-76
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Biochemical Wastewater Valorization & Engineering (BioWaVE)
	Abstract	Enzyme cost is considered to be one of the most significant factors defining the final product price in lignocellulose hydrolysis and fermentation. Enzyme immobilization and recycling can be a tool to decrease costs. However, high solid loading is a key factor towards high product titers, and recovery of immobilized enzymes from this thick liquid is often overlooked. This paper aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of immobilized enzymes in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of lignocellulose biomass in general, as well as the recuperation of magnetic immobilized enzymes (m-CLEAs) during high solid loading in simultaneous saccharification, detoxification and fermentation processes (SSDF) of lignocellulose biomass. Enzyme prices were obtained from general cost estimations by Klein-Marcuschamer et al. [Klein-Marcuschamer et al. (2012) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 109, 10831087]. During enzyme cost analysis, the influence of inoculum recirculation as well as a shortened fermentation time was explored. Both resulted in 15% decrease of final enzyme product price. Enzyme recuperation was investigated experimentally and 99.5 m/m% of m-CLEAs was recovered from liquid medium in one step, while 88 m/m% could still be recycled from a thick liquid with high solid concentrations (SSF fermentation broth). A mathematical model was constructed to calculate the cost of immobilized and free enzyme utilization and showed that, with current process efficiencies and commercial enzyme prices, the cost reduction obtained by enzyme immobilization can reach around 60% compared to free enzyme utilization, while lower enzyme prices will result in a lower percentage of immobilization related savings, but overall enzyme costs will decrease significantly. These results are applied in a case study, estimating the viability of shifting from sugar to lignocellulose substrate for a 100 t lactic acid fermentation batch. It was concluded that it will only be economically feasible if the enzymes are produced at the most optimistic variable cost and either the activity of the immobilized catalyst or the recovery efficiency is further increased.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000427556400009	Publication Date	2018-02-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-1656	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.599	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	; This research is financed by the University of Antwerp [project number 15 FA100 002]. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.599
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:149006			Serial	5974
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	Author	Xiao, S.; Lu, Y.; Xiao, B.-Y.; Wu, L.; Song, J.-P.; Xiao, Y.-X.; Wu, S.-M.; Hu, J.; Wang, Y.; Chang, G.-G.; Tian, G.; Lenaerts, S.; Janiak, C.; Yang, X.-Y.; Su, B.-L.
	Title	Hierarchically dual-mesoporous TiO₂ microspheres for enhanced photocatalytic properties and lithium storage			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Chemistry: a European journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem-Eur J
	Volume	24	Issue	50	Pages	13246-13252
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Hierarchically dual‐mesoporous TiO2 microspheres have been synthesized via a solvothermal process in the presence of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylmidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) as co‐templates. Secondary mesostructured defects in the hierarchical TiO2 microspheres produce the oxygen vacancies, which not only significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity on degrading methyl blue (over 1.7 times to P25) and acetone (over 2.9 times of P25), but which also are beneficial for lithium storage. Moreover, we propose a mechanism to obtain a better understanding of the role of dual mesoporosity of TiO2 microspheres for enhancing the molecular diffusion, ion transportation and electron transformation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000443804100025	Publication Date	2018-06-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0947-6539	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.317	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	; This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1103800), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT 15R52), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1662134, U1663225, 51472190, 51611530672, 51503166, 21706199, 21711530705), the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2015DFE52870), the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2016CFA033, 2017CFB487), the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control (PPC2016007), and the CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.317
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151812			Serial	5957
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	Author	De Baere, K.; Verstraelen, H.; Lemmens, L.; Lenaerts, S.; Dewil, R.; Van Ingelgem, Y.; Potters, G.
	Title	A field study of the effectiveness of sacrificial anodes in ballast tanks of merchant ships			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Journal of marine science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	J Mar Sci Tech-Japan
	Volume	19	Issue	1	Pages	116-123
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Sacrificial anodes have become a standard practice for the protection of ballast tanks of merchant vessels against corrosive damage. A well protected tank should extend the life span of a ship and consequently enhances its economic value. An in situ survey comprising more than 100 merchant vessels provided the opportunity to measure the impact of these anodes on the life expectancy of these vessels. Contrary to the general belief of these anodes beneficial effect, no significant difference was found in our observations in terms of corrosion occurrence between ship populations with and without sacrificial anodes, across all ship ages. This may be explained by the highly variable conditions and the complex geometry in a ballast tank severely impede optimal and straightforward installation of these anodes in these tanks. Also, poorly placed anodes in it may harm the integrity of the coating of the tank. We therefore plead for uniform and clear rules on anode installation and inspection.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000332693300008	Publication Date	2013-07-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0948-4280	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	0.838	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was financed by a BOF Academisation grant of the University of Antwerp and the Antwerp Maritime Academy. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 0.838; 2014 IF: 0.805
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:109348			Serial	5953
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	Author	Smits, M.; Chan, C. kit; Tytgat, T.; Craeye, B.; Costarramone, N.; Lacombe, S.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Photocatalytic degradation of soot deposition : self-cleaning effect on titanium dioxide coated cementitious materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	222	Issue		Pages	411-418
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Diesel soot emissions deteriorate the appearance of architectural building materials by soot fouling. This soot deposition devalue the aesthetic value of the building. A solution to counteract this problem is applying titanium dioxide on building materials. TiO2 can provide air-purifying and self-cleaning properties due to its photocatalytic activity. In literature, photocatalytic soot oxidation is observed on glass or silicon substrates. However, degradation of soot by photocatalysis was not yet investigated on cementitious samples (mortar, concrete) although it is one of the most frequently used building materials. In this study, photocatalytic soot oxidation by means of TiO2 coated cementitious samples is addressed. The soot removal capacity of four types of TiO2 layers, coated on mortar samples, is evaluated by means of two detection methods. The first method is based on colorimetric measurements, while the second method uses digital image processing to calculate the area of soot coverage. The experimental data revealed that cementitious materials coated with commercially available TiO2 exhibited self-cleaning properties as it was found that all coated samples were able to remove soot. The P25 coating gave the best soot degradation performance, while the Eoxolit product showed the slowest soot degradation rate. In addition, gas chromatography measurements in a closed chamber experiment with P25 confirmed that complete mineralization of about 60% of the soot was obtained within 24 hours since CO2 was the sole observed oxidation product. Due to its realistic approach, this study proves that photocatalytic soot removal on TiO2 coated cementitious surfaces is possible in practice, which is an important step towards the practical application of self-cleaning building materials.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000319528900046	Publication Date	2013-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947; 1873-3212	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	43	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by a PhD grant (M. Smits) from the University of Antwerp, a PhD grant (T. Tytgat) funded by the Institute of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT) and the exchange program Tournesol (Project T2012.05) financed by the Flemish government. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216; 2013 IF: 4.058
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:106519			Serial	5979
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	Author	Smits, M.; Huygh, D.; Craeye, B.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Effect of process parameters on the photocatalytic soot degradation on self-cleaning cementitious materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Catalysis today	Abbreviated Journal	Catal Today
	Volume	230	Issue		Pages	250-255
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Energy and Materials in Infrastructure and Buildings (EMIB)
	Abstract	Soot deposition has the negative ability to devalue the aesthetic appearance of buildings. Titanium dioxide applied on the building material is one way to counteract this problem as it provides air-purifying and self-cleaning properties due to its photocatalytic activity. In literature, photocatalytic soot oxidation was described, but until now, little information was available about the influence of process parameters on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency. The influence of three process parameters was tested in this study, namely TiO2 concentration, soot concentration and water-to-cement ratio (WIC-ratio) of the mortar substrates. The results revealed 50 mu gTiO(2) cm(-2) is better to use on the cementitious materials than 250 mu gTiO(2) cm(-2). The soot concentrations occurring in real-world situations will not inhibit the photocatalyst to be activated by light. Furthermore, the photonic efficiency increases slightly for lower WIC-ratios. This can be of interest for structural building applications, since a lower WIC-ratio results in a lower porosity of the samples and consequently in an increase in mortar strength. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000333800300039	Publication Date	2013-10-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0920-5861	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.636	Times cited	14	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by a PhD grant (M. Smits) from the University of Antwerp. We would like to thank T. Tytgat for the scientific discussion and Evonik for delivering the materials used in the experiments. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.636; 2014 IF: 3.893
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:117142			Serial	5946
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	Author	Tytgat, T.; Smits, M.; Lenaerts, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.
	Title	Immobilization of TiO₂ into self-supporting photocatalytic foam : influence of calcination temperature			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	International journal of applied ceramic technology	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Appl Ceram Tec
	Volume	11	Issue	4	Pages	714-722
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Immobilization of photocatalytic powder is crucial to obtain industrially relevant purification processes. To achieve this goal, self-supporting TiO2 foams were manufactured by a polyacrylamide gel process. These gels were calcined at different temperatures to study the effect of the calcination temperature on foam characteristics (rigidity, crystallinity, and porosity) and its influence on photocatalytic activity. The results show that an optimal degradation is achieved for those foams calcined between 700 and 800°C. Calcination at higher temperatures results in a steep decrease in activity, explained by stability issues of the material due to formation of Na2SO4 phases and a larger rutile fraction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000339051500012	Publication Date	2013-04-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1546-542x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.048	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by a PhD grant from the Institute of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.048; 2014 IF: 1.320
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:117295			Serial	5960
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	Author	Liao, L.; Heylen, S.; Vallaey, B.; Keulemans, M.; Lenaerts, S.; Roeffaers, M.B.J.; Martens, J.A.
	Title	Photocatalytic carbon oxidation with nitric oxide			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	166	Issue		Pages	374-380
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	The photocatalytic oxidation of carbon black on TiO2 using nitric oxide as an oxidizing agent was investigated. Layer-wise deposited carbon and TiO2 powder was illuminated with UVA light in the presence of NO at parts per million concentrations in dry and hydrated carrier gas at a temperature of 150 degrees C. Carbon was photocatalytically converted mainly into CO2, and NO mainly into N-2. Carbon oxidation rates of 7.2 mu g/h/mgTiO(2) were achieved in the presence of 3000 ppm NO. Under these experimental conditions in the absence of molecular oxygen, formation of surface nitrates causing TiO2 photocatalyst deactivation is suppressed. Addition of water enhances surface nitrate formation and catalyst deactivation. NO and carbon particulate matter are air pollutants emitted by diesel engines. Elimination of soot collected on a diesel particulate filter through oxidation is a demanding reaction requiring temperatures in excess of 250 degrees C. The present study opens perspectives for a low-temperature regeneration strategy for the diesel particulate filter that simultaneously performs DeNO(x) reactions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000348753400042	Publication Date	2014-12-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by long-term structural funding by the Flemish government (Methusalem). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446; 2015 IF: 7.435
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:123858			Serial	5977
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	Author	Liao, L.; Heylen, S.; Sree, S.P.; Vallaey, B.; Keulemans, M.; Lenaerts, S.; Roeffaers, M.B.J.; Martens, J.A.
	Title	Photocatalysis assisted simultaneous carbon oxidation and NO_x reduction			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	202	Issue		Pages	381-387
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Photocatalysis assisted oxidation of carbon black was performed using TiO2 photocatalyst under UV illumination in an atmosphere with NO, O-2 and water vapor at 150 degrees C. Carbon is oxidized mainly to CO2 while NO is selectively converted to N-2. Enhanced O-2 and NO concentrations have a positive effect on the carbon oxidation rate. At a concentration of 3000 ppm NO and 13.3% O-2 in the gas phase the carbon oxidation rate reaches 2.3 mu g(carbon)/mg(TiO2) h, at a formal electron/photon quantum efficiency of 0.019. HR SEM images reveal uniform gradual reduction of the carbon particle size irrespective of the distance to TiO2 photocatalyst particles in the presence of NO, O-2 and H2O. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000388052100038	Publication Date	2016-09-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	11	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by long-term structural funding by the Flemish government (Methusalem). M. Keulemans acknowledges the agency for Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT) for financial support (PhD. Grant). M. Roeffaers thanks the ERC for financial support (ERC Starting Grant No. 307523). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:139156			Serial	5976
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	Author	Kovalevsky, A.; Buysse, C.; Snijkers, F.; Buekenhoudt, A.; Luyten, J.; Kretzschmar, J.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Oxygen exchange-limited transport and surface activation of Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-\delta capillary membranes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of membrane science	Abbreviated Journal	J Membrane Sci
	Volume	368	Issue	1/2	Pages	223-232
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Analysis of oxygen permeation fluxes through Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCF) capillary membranes, fabricated via a phase-inversion spinning technique using polysulfone as binder, showed a significant limiting role of the surface-oxygen exchange kinetics. Within the studied temperature and oxygen partial pressure ranges, the activation of core and shell sides of the BSCF capillary with praseodymium oxide (PrOx) resulted in an increase in permeation rate of about 300%. At 11231223 K the activated BSCF membranes demonstrate almost 3-times lower activation energies for the overall oxygen transport (not, vert, similar35 kJ/mol) than the non-activated capillaries, indicating that the mechanism of oxygen transport through the activated capillaries becomes significantly controlled by bulk diffusion limitations, allowing further improvement of the overall performance by decreasing the wall thickness. XRD, EDS and EPMA studies revealed the formation of (Pr,Ba,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3−δ perovskite-type oxides on the surface of the PrOx-modified membranes, which may be responsible for the drastic increase in oxygen exchange rate. At T > 1123 K both non-activated and activated Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ membranes demonstrate stable performance with time, while at 1073 K only a small initial decrease in permeation was observed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000286701800027	Publication Date	2010-11-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-7388	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.035	Times cited	21	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by the German Helmholtz Alliance Project “MEM-BRAIN”, aiming at the development of gas separation membranes for zero-emission fossil fuel power plants. Experimental assistance of B. Molenberghs, W. Doyen, H. Chen, R. Kemps, M. Mertens, I. Thijs, and W. Bouwen (VITO) is gratefully acknowledged. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.035; 2011 IF: 3.850
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:88072			Serial	5975
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	Author	Dong, Y.; Chen, S.-Y.; Lu, Y.; Xiao, Y.-X.; Hu, J.; Wu, S.-M.; Deng, Z.; Tian, G.; Chang, G.-G.; Li, J.; Lenaerts, S.; Janiak, C.; Yang, X.-Y.; Su, B.-L.
	Title	Hierarchical MoS₂@TiO₂ heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalytic performance and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Chemistry: an Asian journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem-Asian J
	Volume	13	Issue	12	Pages	1609-1615
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Hierarchical MoS2@TiO2 heterojunctions were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method by using protonic titanate nanosheets as the precursor. The TiO2 nanosheets prevent the aggregation of MoS2 and promote the carrier transfer efficiency, and thus enhance the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activity of the nanostructured MoS2. The obtained MoS2@TiO2 has significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of rhodamineB (over 5.2times compared with pure MoS2) and acetone (over 2.8times compared with pure MoS2). MoS2@TiO2 is also beneficial for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution (26times compared with pure MoS2, based on the cathodic current density). This work offers a promising way to prevent the self-aggregation of MoS2 and provides a new insight for the design of heterojunctions for materials with lattice mismatches.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000435773300011	Publication Date	2018-04-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1861-4728; 1861-471x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.083	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1103800), PCSIRT (IRT15R52), NSFC (U1662134, U1663225, 51472190, 51611530672, 51503166, 21706199, 21711530705), ISTCP (2015DFE52870), HPNSF (2016CFA033, 2017CFB487), and SKLPPC (PPC2016007). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.083
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151971			Serial	5956
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	Author	Lu, Y.; Liu, Y.-X.; He, L.; Wang, L.-Y.; Liu, X.-L.; Liu, J.-W.; Li, Y.-Z.; Tian, G.; Zhao, H.; Yang, X.-H.; Liu, J.; Janiak, C.; Lenaerts, S.; Yang, X.-Y.; Su, B.-L.
	Title	Interfacial co-existence of oxygen and titanium vacancies in nanostructured TiO₂ for enhancement of carrier transport			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	12	Issue	15	Pages	8364-8370
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	The interfacial co-existence of oxygen and metal vacancies in metal oxide semiconductors and their highly efficient carrier transport have rarely been reported. This work reports on the co-existence of oxygen and titanium vacancies at the interface between TiO2 and rGO via a simple two-step calcination treatment. Experimental measurements show that the oxygen and titanium vacancies are formed under 550 degrees C/Ar and 350 degrees C/air calcination conditions, respectively. These oxygen and titanium vacancies significantly enhance the transport of interfacial carriers, and thus greatly improve the photocurrent performances, the apparent quantum yield, and photocatalysis such as photocatalytic H-2 production from water-splitting, photocatalytic CO2 reduction and photo-electrochemical anticorrosion of metals. A new “interfacial co-existence of oxygen and titanium vacancies” phenomenon, and its characteristics and mechanism are proposed at the atomic-/nanoscale to clarify the generation of oxygen and titanium vacancies as well as the interfacial carrier transport.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000529201500029	Publication Date	2020-02-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.7	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51861135313, U1663225, U1662134, and 51472190), the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2015DFE52870), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT_15R52), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (19lgpy113 and 19lgzd16), the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan (20180101208JC) and the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2016CFA033). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.7; 2020 IF: 7.367
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:169578			Serial	6550
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	Author	Smits, M.; Ling, Y.; Lenaerts, S.; Van Doorslaer, S.
	Title	Photocatalytic removal of soot : unravelling of the reaction mechanism by EPR and in situ FTIR spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Chemphyschem
	Volume	13	Issue	18	Pages	4251-4257
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Photocatalytic soot oxidation is studied on P25 TiO2 as an important model reaction for self-cleaning processes by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Contacting of carbon black with P25 leads on the one hand to a reduction of the local dioxygen concentration in the powder. On the other hand, the weakly adsorbed radicals on the carbon particles are likely to act as alternative traps for the photogenerated conduction-band electrons. We find furthermore that the presence of dioxygen and oxygen-related radicals is vital for the photocatalytic soot degradation. The complete oxidation of soot to CO2 is evidenced by in situ FTIR spectroscopy, no intermediate CO is detected during the photocatalytic process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000313692600026	Publication Date	2012-11-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1439-4235	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.075	Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by the University of Antwerp (PhD grants of M. S. and Y.L.). We would like to thank Birger Hauchecorne for the scientific discussion. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.075; 2012 IF: 3.349
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:104568			Serial	5980
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	Author	Liu, J.-W.; Wu, S.-M.; Wang, L.-Y.; Tian, G.; Qin, Y.; Wu, J.-X.; Zhao, X.-F.; Zhang, Y.-X.; Chang, G.-G.; Wu, L.; Zhang, Y.-X.; Li, Z.-F.; Guo, C.-Y.; Janiak, C.; Lenaerts, S.; Yang, X.-Y.
	Title	Pd/Lewis acid synergy in macroporous Pd@Na-ZSM-5 for enhancing selective conversion of biomass			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Chemcatchem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemcatchem
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-6
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Pd nanometal particles encapsulated in macroporous Na-ZSM-5 with only Lewis acid sites have been successfully synthesized by a steam-thermal approach. The synergistic effect of Pd and Lewis acid sites have been investigated for significant enhancement of the catalytic selectivity towards furfural alcohol in furfural hydroconversion.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000554645800001	Publication Date	2020-07-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1867-3880; 1867-3899	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.5	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; We acknowledge a joint DFG-NSFC project (DFG JA466/39-1, NSFC grant 51861135313). This work was also supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1103800), NSFC (U1662134, 21711530705), Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan (20180101208JC), HPNSF (2016CFA033), FRFCU (19lgzd16) and ISTCP (2015DFE52870). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.5; 2020 IF: 4.803
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:171178			Serial	6579
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	Author	Tytgat, T.; Hauchecorne, B.; Abakumov, A.M.; Smits, M.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Photocatalytic process optimisation for ethylene oxidation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	209	Issue		Pages	494-500
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	When studying photocatalysis it is important to consider, beside the chemical approach, the engineering part related to process optimisation. To achieve this a fixed bed photocatalytic set-up consisting of different catalyst placings, in order to vary catalyst distribution, is studied. The use of a fixed quantity of catalyst placed packed or randomly distributed in the reactor, results in an almost double degradation for the distributed catalyst. Applying this knowledge leads to an improved performance with limited use of catalyst. A reactor only half filled with catalyst leads to higher degradation performance compared to a completely filled reactor. Taking into account this simple process optimisation by better distributing the catalyst a more sustainable photocatalytic air purification process is achieved. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000311190500058	Publication Date	2012-08-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; We are grateful for the delivered photocatalyst by Evonik as well as for the PhD grant (T. Tytgat) given by the Institute of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216; 2012 IF: 3.473
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105185			Serial	2609
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	Author	Blommaerts, N.; Dingenen, F.; Middelkoop, V.; Savelkouls, J.; Goemans, M.; Tytgat, T.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Ultrafast screening of commercial sorbent materials for VOC adsorption using real-time FTIR spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Separation and purification technology	Abbreviated Journal	Sep Purif Technol
	Volume	207	Issue	207	Pages	284-290
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Recovery of valuable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from waste streams is of great industrial importance. Adsorption on zeolites offers an economically and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional activated carbon. When evaluating the suitability of a given zeolite for a particular adsorption application, its adsorption capacity has to be determined. This is traditionally achieved using gas chromatography as an analysis tool, yielding only a few discrete sampling points that constitute the adsorption profile. Meanwhile, only low flow rates and low concentrations of volatile organics can be used, rendering the procedure troublesome and time consuming. Herein, we propose a tool for the fast screening of a large amount of zeolites using on-line and quasi real-time Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The technique was used to determine the adsorption capacity of three different commercial zeolites and two silica gels, for five industrially relevant VOCs: acetone; methanol; isohexane; isopentane; and toluene. A series of rapid measurements of the individual adsorption capacities were carried out to obtain a detailed overview of the versatility of the proposed method for the characterization of multi-component and multi-sorption bed systems.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000445987500032	Publication Date	2018-06-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1383-5866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.359	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; We would like to thank Vlaams Agenschap Innoveren & Ondernemen (VLAIO) for financial support. The authors would also like to thank Kureha GmbH, Germany for kindly supplying us with their BAC (R) (bead-shaped activated carbon) samples. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.359
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:154694			Serial	6000
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	Author	Van Eynde, E.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Tytgat, T.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Watte, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Van Driessche, I.; Blust, R.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Diatom silica-titania photocatalysts for air purification by bio-accumulation of different titanium sources			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Environmental science : nano	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci-Nano
	Volume	3	Issue	5	Pages	1052-1061
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	We present a green, biological production route for silica-titania photocatalysts using diatom microalgae. Diatoms are single-celled, eukaryotic microalgae (2-2000 mu m) that self-assemble soluble silicon (Si(OH)(4)) into intricate silica cell walls, called frustules. These diatom frustules are formed under ambient conditions and consist of hydrated silica with specific 3D morphologies and micro-meso or macroporosity. A remarkable characteristic of diatoms is their ability to bioaccumulate soluble titanium from cell culture medium and incorporate them into their nanostructured silica cell wall. Controlled cultivation of the diatom Pinnularia sp. on soluble titanium in a batch process resulted in the biological immobilisation of titanium dioxide in the porous 3D architecture of the frustules. Six different titanium sources are tested. The silica-titania frustules were isolated by treating the harvested Pinnularia cells with nitric acid (65%) or by high temperature treatment. Thermal annealing converted the amorphous titania into crystalline titania. The produced silica-titania material is evaluated towards photocatalytic activity for acetaldehyde (C2H4O) abatement. Frustules cultivated with TiBaldH showed the highest photocatalytic performance. Comparison of the photocatalytic activity with P25 reveals that P25 has a 4 fold higher photocatalytic activity, but when photocatalytic activity is normalized for titania content, the frustules show double activity. Further material characterization (morphology, crystallinity, surface area and elemental distribution) of the TiBaldH silica-titania frustules provides additional insight into their structure-activity relationship. These natural biosilicatitania materials have excellent properties for photocatalytic purposes, including high surface area (108 m(2) g(-1)) and good porosity, and show reliable immobilization of TiO2 in the ordered structure of the diatom frustule.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry	Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000385257900011	Publication Date	2016-07-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2051-8153; 2051-8161	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.047	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.047
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:144751			Serial	4644
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	Author	Smits, M.; Vanpachtenbeke, F.; Horemans, B.; De Wael, K.; Hauchecorne, B.; Van Langenhove, H.; Demeestere, K.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Effect of operating and sampling conditions on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale power generators			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	PLoS ONE	Abbreviated Journal	Plos One
	Volume	7	Issue	3	Pages	e32825-e32825,10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Small stationary diesel engines, like in generator sets, have limited emission control measures and are therefore responsible for 44% of the particulate matter (PM) emissions in the United States. The diesel exhaust composition depends on operating conditions of the combustion engine. Furthermore, the measurements are influenced by the used sampling method. This study examines the effect of engine loading and exhaust gas dilution on the composition of small-scale power generators. These generators are used in different operating conditions than road-transport vehicles, resulting in different emission characteristics. Experimental data were obtained for gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOC) and PM mass concentration, elemental composition and nitrate content. The exhaust composition depends on load condition because of its effect on fuel consumption, engine wear and combustion temperature. Higher load conditions result in lower PM concentration and sharper edged particles with larger aerodynamic diameters. A positive correlation with load condition was found for K, Ca, Sr, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb adsorbed on PM, elements that originate from lubricating oil or engine corrosion. The nitrate concentration decreases at higher load conditions, due to enhanced nitrate dissociation to gaseous NO at higher engine temperatures. Dilution on the other hand decreases PM and nitrate concentration and increases gaseous VOC and adsorbed metal content. In conclusion, these data show that operating and sampling conditions have a major effect on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale diesel generators. Therefore, care must be taken when designing new experiments or comparing literature results.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000303836500012	Publication Date	2012-03-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-6203	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.806	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.806; 2012 IF: 3.730
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:96545			Serial	5581
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