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	Author	Potgieter-Vermaak, S.S.; Godoi, R.H.M.; Van Grieken, R.; Potgieter, J.H.; Oujja, M.; Castillejo, M.
	Title	Micro-structural characterization of black crust and laser cleaning of building stones by micro-Raman and SEM techniques			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	61	Issue	11/12	Pages	2460-2467
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000231340200005	Publication Date	2004-11-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1386-1425	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:53444			Serial	8234
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Rouchon, V.; Pellizzi, E.; Duranton, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Combining XANES, ICP-AES, and SEM/EDS for the study of phytate chelating treatments used on iron gall ink damaged manuscripts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	12	Pages	2434-2441
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Many historical documents written with iron gall inks are endangered by the corrosive effects of these inks. In this work, a combination of complementary analytical methods was used for the first time in order to study the phytate process which is used in conservation studios to stabilize damaged manuscripts. This process consists of an antioxidant treatment performed by means of a calcium phytate (CP) solution, followed by a deacidification treatment performed with a calcium carbonate (CC) solution. The antioxidant treatment capitalizes on the properties of myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid (phytic acid) that inhibits iron through chelation. In order to use relatively low acidic solutions, the pH of the CP solution is increased up to values between 5 and 6, which is in the range of the CP precipitation threshold. This study was performed on laboratory samples made of paper impregnated with iron gall ink and artificially aged in climatic chambers. It aims to investigate how the CP precipitate impacts the efficiency of the treatment. Side effects, such as elemental losses and deposits, were measured by means of several analytical techniques (FeK Edge XANES, SEM/EDS, and ICP-AES). These measurements were crosschecked with a ready to use colour spot test made of bathophenanthroline impregnated paper. It appeared that the CP treatment should necessarily be followed by the deacidification treatment in order to achieve long term stability. The precipitation of CP in the treating solution does finally not impact the efficiency of the treatment despite the fact that it should theoretically lower the availability of phytate to chelate iron. A scenario is proposed to explain this point.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000297030400008	Publication Date	2011-10-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was funded by SOLEIL (proposals 20060396 and 20080761) and was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. We are thankful to the paper conservator students of the Institut National du Patrimoine who were involved in some of the sample preparations, and to Dr Dominique Thiaudiere and Dr Solenn Reguer for their assistance and help during the experiments performed at SOLEIL beamline “DIFFABS”. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93845			Serial	5527
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Florea, A.; Schram, J.; De Jong, M.; Eliaerts, J.; Van Durme, F.; Kaur, B.; Samyn, N.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical strategies for adulterated heroin samples			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	91	Issue	12	Pages	7920-7928
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Electrochemical strategies to selectively detect heroin in street samples without the use of complicated electrode modifications were developed for the first time. For this purpose, heroin, mixing agents (adulterants, cutting agent, and impurities), and their binary mixtures were subjected to square wave voltammetry measurements at bare graphite electrodes at pH 7.0 and pH 12.0, in order to elucidate the unique electrochemical fingerprint of heroin and mixing agents as well as possible interferences or reciprocal influences. Adjusting the pH from pH 7.0 to pH 12.0 allowed a more accurate detection of heroin in the presence of most common mixing agents. Furthermore, the benefit of introducing a preconditioning step prior to running square wave voltammetry on the electrochemical fingerprint enrichment was explored. Mixtures of heroin with other drugs (cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and morphine) were also tested to explore the possibility of their discrimination and simultaneous detection. The feasibility of the proposed electrochemical strategies was tested on realistic heroin street samples from forensic cases, showing promising results for fast, on-site detection tools of drugs of abuse.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000472682000056	Publication Date	2019-05-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 753223 Narcoreader. The authors also acknowledge IOF (UAntwerp) and Belspo for financial support. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:160061			Serial	5596
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Cagno, S.; Nuyts, G.; Bugani, S.; De Vis, K.; Schalm, O.; Caen, J.; Helfen, L.; Cotte, M.; Reischig, P.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Evaluation of manganese-bodies removal in historical stained glass windows via SR-\mu-XANES/XRF and SR-\mu-CT			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	12	Pages	2442-2451
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The speed and effectiveness of a conservation treatment used for stained glass windows have been investigated. Dark-coloured Mn-rich stains can be found in the alteration layer of ancient glass artefacts and cause the surface to turn brown/black: this phenomenon is known as Mn-browning or Mn-staining. While in glass manganese is present in the +II or +III oxidation states, in the Mn-rich bodies, manganese is in a higher oxidation state (+IV). In restoration practice, mildly reducing solutions are employed to eliminate the dark colour and restore the clear appearance of the glass. In this paper the effectiveness and side effects of the use of hydroxylamine hydrochloride for this purpose are assessed. Archaeological fragments of stained glass windows, dated to the 14th century and originating from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge (UK), were examined by means of synchrotron radiation (SR) based microscopic X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (μ-XANES) and microscopic X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-XRF) and with high resolution computed absorption tomography (μ-CT) before, during and after the treatment. The monitoring of the glass fragments during the treatment allows us to better understand the manner in which the process unfolds and its kinetics. The results obtained reveal that the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment is effective, but also that it has a number of unwanted side effects. These findings are useful for optimizing the time and other modalities of the Mn-reducing treatment as well as minimizing its unwanted results.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000297030400009	Publication Date	2011-10-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. Special thanks to Ms Leonie Seliger, head of the stained-glass conservation studio (The Cathedral Studios-The Chapter of Canterbury Cathedral) for the supply of the archaeological samples. The authors gratefully acknowledge ESRF for granting beamtime (proposal EC-602). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93848			Serial	5613
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Tilleman, L.; De Henau, S.; Pauwels, M.; Nagy, N.; Pintelon, I.; Braeckman, B.P.; De Wael, K.; Van Doorslaer, S.; Adriaensen, D.; Timmermans, J.-P.; Moens, L.; Dewilde, S.
	Title	An N-myristoylated globin with a redox-sensing function that regulates the defecation cycle in Caenorhabditis elegans			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	PLoS ONE	Abbreviated Journal	Plos One
	Volume	7	Issue	12	Pages	e48768-9
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Globins occur in all kingdoms of life where they fulfill a wide variety of functions. In the past they used to be primarily characterized as oxygen transport/storage proteins, but since the discovery of new members of the globin family like neuroglobin and cytoglobin, more diverse and complex functions have been assigned to this heterogeneous family. Here we propose a function for a membrane-bound globin of C. elegans, GLB-26. This globin was predicted to be myristoylated at its N-terminus, a post-translational modification only recently described in the globin family. In vivo, this globin is found in the membrane of the head mesodermal cell and in the tail stomato-intestinal and anal depressor muscle cells. Since GLB-26 is almost directly oxidized when exposed to oxygen, we postulate a possible function as electron transfer protein. Phenotypical studies show that GLB-26 takes part in regulating the length of the defecation cycle in C. elegans under oxidative stress conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000313236200008	Publication Date	2012-12-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-6203	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.806	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	; SDH is a Ph.D. fellow of the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO). Financial support to SD and LM was provided by the University of Antwerp (BOF UA TOP 2006) and to SD, LM, BPB, by FWO project G.0247.09. The UltraVIEW VoX spinning disk confocal microscope was purchased with support of the Hercules Foundation (Hercules Type 1: AUHA 09/001). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.806; 2012 IF: 3.730
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:102591			Serial	5741
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vanmeert, F.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Plumbonacrite identified by X-ray powder diffraction tomography as a missing link during degradation of red lead in a Van Gogh painting			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume	54	Issue	12	Pages	3607-3610
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Red lead, a semiconductor pigment used by artists since antiquity, is known to undergo several discoloration phenomena. These transformations are either described as darkening of the pigment caused by the formation of either plattnerite (β-PbO2) or galena (PbS) or as whitening by which red lead is converted into anglesite (PbSO4) or (hydro)cerussite (2 PbCO3⋅Pb(OH)2; PbCO3). X-ray powder diffraction tomography, a powerful analytical method that allows visualization of the internal distribution of different crystalline compounds in complex samples, was used to investigate a microscopic paint sample from a Van Gogh painting. A very rare lead mineral, plumbonacrite (3 PbCO3⋅ Pb(OH)2⋅PbO), was revealed to be present. This is the first reported occurrence of this compound in a painting dating from before the mid 20th century. It constitutes the missing link between on the one hand the photoinduced reduction of red lead and on the other hand (hydro)cerussite, and thus sheds new light on the whitening of red lead.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000351178300008	Publication Date	2015-02-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851; 0570-0833	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited	24	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge L. Van der Loeff and M. Leeuwestein (Kroller-Muller Museum) for providing the paint sample. We thank Dr. J. Jaroszewicz (WUT) for performing the CT measurements. This research was carried out at the light source PETRA III at DESY, a member of the Helmholtz Association (HGF). We thank Dr. G. Falkenberg and the members of his team for their assistance in using beam line P06. We acknowledge financial support from the University of Antwerp GOA projects “XANES meets EELS” and “SOLARPaint”, as well as from BELSPO (Brussels) Project S2-ART and FWO (Brussels) project “ESRF-Dubble”. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994; 2015 IF: 11.261
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:124620			Serial	5774
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Cagno, S.; Mendera, M.; Jeffries, T.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Raw materials for medieval to post-medieval Tuscan glassmaking : new insight from LA-ICP-MS analyses			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Journal of archaeological science	Abbreviated Journal	J Archaeol Sci
	Volume	37	Issue	12	Pages	3030-3036
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	LA-ICP-MS analyses were performed on a set of Tuscan (post) medieval archaeological glass finds dated to the 1316th century in order to quantitatively determine the trace element contents. The results are used for defining and distinguishing several compositional groups. The trace element data are consistent with the distinctions obtained by considering the major element data determined via quantitative SEM-EDX, but allow to obtain new insights into the nature and quality of the silica sources employed and the presumed method of ash purification.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000283903500008	Publication Date	2010-07-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0305-4403	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.602	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “Atom” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and of FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0177.03, G.0103.04 and G.0689.06. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.602; 2010 IF: 1.710
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:85814			Serial	5802
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Dyck, P.M.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Absorption correction via scattered radiation in energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis for samples of variable composition and thickness			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1980	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	52	Issue	12	Pages	1859-1864
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1980KJ65700021	Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116516			Serial	7410
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hillen, M.; Legrand, S.; Dirkx, Y.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Caen, J.; Steenackers, G.
	Title	Cluster analysis of IR thermography data for differentiating glass types in historical leaded-glass windows			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Applied Sciences-Basel	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Sci-Basel
	Volume	10	Issue	12	Pages	4255-13
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Infrared thermography is a fast, non-destructive and contactless testing technique which is increasingly used in heritage science. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of infrared thermography, in combination with a data clustering approach, to differentiate between the different types of historical glass that were included in a colorless leaded-glass windows during previous restoration interventions. Inspection of the thermograms and the application of two data mining techniques on the thermal data, i.e., k-means clustering and hierarchical clustering, allowed identifying different groups of window panes that show a different thermal behavior. Both clustering approaches arrive at similar groupings of the glass with a clear separation of three types. However, the lead cames that hold the glass panes appear to have a substantial impact on the thermal behavior of the surrounding glass, thus preventing classification of the smallest glass panes. For the larger panes, this was not a critical issue as the center of the glass remained unaffected. Subtle visual color differences between panes, implying a variation in coloring metal ions, was not always distinguished by IRT. Nevertheless, data clustering assisted infrared thermography shows potential as an efficient and swift method for documenting the material intervention history of leaded-glass windows during or in preparation of conservation treatments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000549351800001	Publication Date	2020-06-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2076-3417	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.7	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.7; 2020 IF: 1.679
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:170012			Serial	7674
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Composition dependence of Bremsstrahlung background in electron-probe x-ray microanalysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1984	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	56	Issue	12	Pages	2049-2051
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1984TL48800021	Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116518			Serial	7704
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.; Delalieux, F.; Gysels, K.
	Title	Cultural heritage and the environment			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1998	Publication	Pure and applied chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	70	Issue	12	Pages	2327-2331
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000080509000012	Publication Date	2007-10-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0033-4545	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:23298			Serial	7744
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.; de Bruin, M.
	Title	Nomenclature for radioanalytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1994	Publication	Pure and applied chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	66	Issue	12	Pages	2513-2526
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Nearly 200 terms commonly used in radioanalytical chemistry are unambiguously defined. The list is partially based on an earlier IUPAC-glossary (Pure Appl. Chem. 54 (1982) 1533-1554), but some modifications have been made, terms related to nuclear physics and technology have not been reconsidered and numerous new entries from the realm of radiometric analysis, radioimmunoassay and related techniques have been included.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1994PZ23000010	Publication Date	2007-10-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0033-4545	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:9506			Serial	8312
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Spolnik, Z.; Belikov, K.; van Meel, K.; Adriaenssens, E.; de Roeck, F.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Optimization of measurement conditions of an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with high-energy polarized beam excitation for analysis of aerosol filters			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Applied spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	59	Issue	12	Pages	1465-1469
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000234187500004	Publication Date	2005-12-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-7028	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:55835			Serial	8339
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Horemans, B.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Speciation and diurnal variation of thoracic, fine thoracic and sub-micrometer airborne particulate matter at naturally ventilated office environments			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Atmospheric environment : an international journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	44	Issue	12	Pages	1497-1505
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Thoracic (PM10), fine thoracic (PM2.5) and sub-micrometer (PM1) airborne particulate matter was sampled during day and night. In total, about 100 indoor and outdoor samples were collected for each fraction at ten different office environments. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and ion chromatography were applied for the quantification of some major and minor elements and ions in the collected aerosols. During daytime, mass concentrations were in the ranges: 1129, 8.124, and 6.618 μg m−3, with averages of 20 ± 1, 15.0 ± 0.9, and 11.0 ± 0.8 μg m−3, respectively. At night, mass concentrations were found to be significantly lower for all fractions. Indoor PM1 concentrations exceeded the corresponding outdoor levels during office hours and were thought to be elevated by office printers. Particles with diameters between 1 and 2.5 μm and 2.5 and 10 μm were mainly associated with soil dust elements and were clearly subjected to distinct periods of settling/resuspension. Indoor NO3 − levels were found to follow specific microclimatic conditions at the office environments, while daytime levels of sub-micrometer Cl− were possibly elevated by the use of Cl-containing cleaning products. Indoor carbon black concentrations were sometimes as high as 22 μg m−3 and were strongly correlated with outdoor traffic conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000276681100003	Publication Date	2010-01-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1352-2310	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:81242			Serial	8569
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Osán, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	78	Issue	12	Pages	4069-4096
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000238252600016	Publication Date	2006-06-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:58857			Serial	8771
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Osán, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	76	Issue	12	Pages	3445-3470
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000222011100014	Publication Date	2004-06-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:46259			Serial	8772
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Török, S.B.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	74	Issue	12	Pages	2895-2918
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000176253700020	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:39517			Serial	8773
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Török, S.B.; Ro, C.-U.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2000	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	72	Issue	12	Pages	211-233
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000087661500018	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:27850			Serial	8774
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	62	Issue	12	Pages	101r-113r
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2006-11-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116527			Serial	8779
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1988	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	60	Issue	12	Pages	28r-42r
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116525			Serial	8780
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Janssens, K.; Vekemans, B.; Vincze, L.; Adams, F.; Rindby, A.
	Title	A micro XRF spectrometer based on rotating anode generator and capillary optics			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1996	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	51	Issue	13	Pages	1661-1678
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547; 0038-6987	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:14256			Serial	5720
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Aerts, A.; Vekemans, B.; Adams, F.; Jones, K.; Knöchel, A.
	Title	Microscopic synchroton radiation induced X-ray fluorescence analysis			Type	A3 Journal article
	Year	1996	Publication	Mikrochimica acta: supplementum	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	13	Pages	87-115
	Keywords	A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0076-8642	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:14252			Serial	5724
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ravindra, K.; Sokhi, R.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source attribution, emission factors and regulation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Atmospheric environment : an international journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue	13	Pages	2895-2921
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000256845900001	Publication Date	2008-03-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1352-2310	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:68424			Serial	7531
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Tsuji, K.; Wagatsuma, K.; Nullens, R.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Grazing exit electron probe microanalysis for surface and particle analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1999	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	71	Issue	13	Pages	2497-2501
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000081265600046	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:24723			Serial	8008
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vincze, L.; Janssens, K.; Adams, F.
	Title	X-ray optics for synchrotron-radiation-induced X-ray micro fluorescence at the european synchrotron-radiation facility, Grenoble			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1993	Publication	Institute of physics conference series	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	130	Pages	613-616
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Different optical designs for generating synchrotron x-ray micro beams suitable for use in an X-ray fluorescence microscope using an ESRF bending magnet X-ray source are compared. Attention is devoted to the spatial and energy distribution of the photons in the micro beam and to the minimum detection limits that are achievable with each alternative optical system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1993LW34000126	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0305-2346	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:104541			Serial	5917
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bull, D.; Krekeler, A.; Alfeld, M.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K.
	Title	An intrusive portrait by Goya			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	The Burlington magazine	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	153	Issue	1303	Pages	668-673
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0007-6287; 2044-9925	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93602			Serial	5672
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Koldeweij, J.; Hoogstede, L.; Ilsink, M.; Janssens, K.; De Keyser, N.; Gotink, R.K.; Legrand, S.; Nauhaus, J.M.; van der Snickt, G.; Spronk, R.
	Title	The patron of Hieronymus Bosch's 'Last Judgment' triptych in Vienna			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	The Burlington magazine	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	160	Issue	1379	Pages	106-111
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A technical examination of the Last Judgment triptych by Hieronymus Bosch in the Paintings Gallery of the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, has revealed a painted escutcheon with the coat of arms of the Burgundian court official Hippolyte de Berthoz underneath the current surface of the right outer wing. This allows him to be firmly identified as the painting's patron.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000458246800007	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0007-6287; 2044-9925	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:181267			Serial	8656
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vermeulen, M.; Janssens, K.; Sanyova, J.; Rahemi, V.; McGlinchey, C.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Assessing the stability of arsenic sulfide pigments and influence of the binding media on their degradation by means of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	138	Issue	138	Pages	82-91
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this paper, we used the semiconducting and lightfastness properties of synthetic and mineral arsenic sulfide pigments to study their stability by means of electrochemical and microfadometric techniques. A combination of these techniques shows that in the early stage of the degradation process, amorphous arsenic sulfides are more stable than both crystalline forms, while upon longer exposure time, amorphous pigments will fade more than both mineral pigments, making it less suitable. While the stability study was carried out on unbound pigments, the influence of the organic binder on the relative degradation of the arsenic sulfide pigments was investigated through a multi-analytical approach on pigment/binder mock-up paint samples. For this purpose, the formation of arsenic trioxide was assessed by micro Fourier transform infrared (μ-FTIR) spectroscopy while the influence of the binder on the formation of sulfates was studied by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray near edge structure (μ-XANES). Both techniques elucidate a higher stability of all pigments in gum arabic while the use of egg yolk as binder leads to the most degradation, most likely due to its sulfur-rich composition. In the context of the degradation of arsenic sulfide pigments, other binders such as animal glue, egg white or linseed oil show an intermediate impact.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000428103000010	Publication Date	2018-01-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; This research is made possible with the support of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, Brussels) through the research program Science for a Sustainable Development – SDD, “Long-term role and fate of metal-sulfides in painted works of art – S2ART” (grant number SD/RI/04A). We gratefully acknowledge Megane Willems (Institut Paul-Lambin) for her help with mu-FFIR analyses and realization of the mock-up paint samples. We acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at beamline Phoenix of the SLS. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:150149			Serial	5482
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hirayama, A.; Abe, Y.; van Loon, A.; De Keyser, N.; Noble, P.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Tantrakarn, K.; Taniguchi, K.; Nakai, I.
	Title	Development of a new portable X-ray powder diffractometer and its demonstration to on-site analysis of two selected old master paintings from the Rijksmuseum			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	138	Issue	138	Pages	266-272
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A portable X-ray powder diffractometer (p-XRD) PT-APXRD III has been developed for onsite analysis of paintings and archaeological samples. By using a Cu anode X-ray tube and a silicon drift diode (SDD) detector, diffraction patterns with a high signalnoise (S/N) ratio can be recorded. The X-ray tube can be operated at a maximum voltage of 60 kV, which makes it possible to simultaneously record X-ray fluorescence spectra up to the high-energy region. The total weight of this instrument is 16 kg, which can be carried anywhere and the goniometer unit (5.6 kg) can be placed on a tripod for analysis of mural paintings. We brought the instrument to the Rijksmuseum in the Netherlands to examine its applicability for the analysis of oil paintings. We successfully analyzed two seventeenthcentury oil paintings by Johannes Vermeer and Jan Davidsz de Heem (copy after). Ultramarine blue, leadtin yellow type I, and Naples yellow were identified from the diffraction patterns, demonstrating the high practicality of this instrument. Furthermore, it was found from the SEM-EDX analysis of a paint cross section that the yellow pigment was applied in separate layers rather than being mixed. This diffractometer will be commercially available in the near future and will have many applications in the field of material analysis. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000428103000030	Publication Date	2018-01-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was conducted with the support of the JSPS (Tokyo, Japan)-FWO (Brussels, Belgium) bilateral exchange project. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151565			Serial	5575
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	Author	van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Slama, I.; Van Zuien, E.; Gruber, G.; Van der Stighelen, K.; Klaassen, L.; Oberthaler, E.; Janssens, K.
	Title	In situ macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning as a non-invasive tool to probe for subsurface modifications in paintings by PP Rubens			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	138	Issue	138	Pages	238-245
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Within the last decade, the established synchrotron- and laboratory-based micro-XRF scanning technology inspired the development of mobile instruments that allow performing in situ experiments on paintings on a macro scale. Since the development of the first mobile scanner at the start of this decade, this chemical imaging technique has brought new insights with respect to several iconic paintings, especially in cases when standard imaging techniques such as X-Ray Radiography (XRR) or Infrared Refiectography (IRR) yielded ambiguous results. The ability of scanning MA-XRF to visualise the distribution of elements detected at and below the paint surface renders this spectrometric method particularly helpful for studying painting techniques and revealing materials that remain hidden below the paint surface. The latter aspect is especially relevant for the technical study of works by Pieter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) as this highly productive seventeenth century master is particularly renowned for the continuous application of modifications during (and even after) the entire course of the creative process. In this work, the added value of MA-XRF scanning experiments for visualising these subsurface features is exemplified by interpreting the chemical images obtained on three of Rubens' key works. Special attention is given to three types of adjustments that are particularly relevant for the technical study of Rubens' oeuvre: (1) compositional changes ('pentimenti'), exemplified by results obtained on The Portrait of Helene Fourment (ca. 1638), (2) extensions to the support ('Anstlickungen.), illustrated by imaging experiments performed on the Venus Frigida (1614) and (3) Rubens' intriguing halos around flesh tones, as found amongst others in The Incredulity of Saint Thomas (1613). The ensuing insights in the paint stratigraphy and the underlying supporting structure illustrate the potential of MA-XRF scanning for the non-invasive, comparative study of Rubens' oeuvre. The results do not only augment the understanding of the complex genesis of Rubens' works of art and his efficient painting technique, but prove valuable during conservation treatments as well, as addressed in this paper. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000428103000027	Publication Date	2018-01-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151564			Serial	5657
Permanent link to this record