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“Designer phospholipid capping ligands for soft metal halide nanocrystals”. Morad V, Stelmakh A, Svyrydenko M, Feld LG, Boehme SC, Aebli M, Affolter J, Kaul CJ, Schrenker NJ, Bals S, Sahin Y, Dirin DN, Cherniukh I, Raino G, Baumketner A, Kovalenko MV, Nature 626, 542 (2024). http://doi.org/10.1038/S41586-023-06932-6
Abstract: The success of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in science and optoelectronics is inextricable from their surfaces. The functionalization of lead halide perovskite NCs1-5 poses a formidable challenge because of their structural lability, unlike the well-established covalent ligand capping of conventional semiconductor NCs6,7. We posited that the vast and facile molecular engineering of phospholipids as zwitterionic surfactants can deliver highly customized surface chemistries for metal halide NCs. Molecular dynamics simulations implied that ligand-NC surface affinity is primarily governed by the structure of the zwitterionic head group, particularly by the geometric fitness of the anionic and cationic moieties into the surface lattice sites, as corroborated by the nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data. Lattice-matched primary-ammonium phospholipids enhance the structural and colloidal integrity of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites (FAPbBr3 and MAPbBr3 (FA, formamidinium; MA, methylammonium)) and lead-free metal halide NCs. The molecular structure of the organic ligand tail governs the long-term colloidal stability and compatibility with solvents of diverse polarity, from hydrocarbons to acetone and alcohols. These NCs exhibit photoluminescence quantum yield of more than 96% in solution and solids and minimal photoluminescence intermittency at the single particle level with an average ON fraction as high as 94%, as well as bright and high-purity (about 95%) single-photon emission. Phospholipids enhance the structural and colloidal integrity of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites and lead-free metal halide nanocrystals, which then exhibit enhanced robustness and optical properties.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 64.8
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-023-06932-6
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“First evidence of synthetic polygonal serpentines”. Devouard B, Baronnet A, Van Tendeloo G, Amelinckx S, European journal of mineralogy 9, 539 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.362
Times cited: 15
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“Cytokinin dynamics in cell suspension cultures of Bambusa balcooa Roxburgh using UPLC-ESI/MS/MS”. Van den Akker S, Bormans P, Peeters H, Gielis J, Prinsen E page 539 (2012).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Engineering sciences. Technology; Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Elemental and ionic concentrations in the urban aerosol in Antwerp, Belgium”. Deutsch F, Stranger M, Kaplinskii AE, Samek L, Joos P, Van Grieken R, Journal of environmental science and health: part A: toxic/hazardous substances &, environmental engineering 39, 539 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-120027724
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1081/ESE-120027724
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“Tubular fullerenes in carbon nanotubes”. Tarakina NV, Verberck B, Fullerenes, nanotubes, and carbon nanostructures 20, 538 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2012.656058
Abstract: We investigate the optimal orientations and positions of tubular fullerene molecules C-70, C-80 and C-90 encapsulated in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We find that increasing the tube radius leads to the following succession of energetically stable regimes: 1) lying molecules positioned on the tube's long axis, 2) tilted molecules on the tube's long axis and 3) lying molecules shifted away from the tube's long axis. In the case of C-70 and C-80 molecules, standing on-axis configurations also occur. Our findings are relevant for the possible application of molecular-orientation-dependent electronic properties of fullerene nanopeapods.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.35
DOI: 10.1080/1536383X.2012.656058
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“Critical assessment and proposal for reconstruction of a grazing emission X-ray fluorescence instrument”. Kuczumow A, Schmeling M, Van Grieken R, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 15, 535 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1039/A908661G
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/A908661G
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“Analysis of silver halide microcrystals using different modes of a scanning transmission electron microscope and digital image processing”. Geuens I, Gijbels R, Jacob WA, Verbeeck A, de Keyzer R, The journal of imaging science and technology 36, 534 (1992)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 0.349
Times cited: 10
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“Resonant tunneling in graphene microstructures”. Milton Pereira J, Vasilopoulos P, Peeters FM, Microelectronics journal 39, 534 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2007.07.099
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.163
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1016/j.mejo.2007.07.099
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“Measurement of the size of embedded metal clusters by mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering”. Hendrich C, Favre L, Ievlev DN, Dobrynin AN, Bras W, Hörmann U, Piscopiello E, Van Tendeloo G, Lievens P, Temst K, Applied physics A : materials science &, processing 86, 533 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-006-3808-5
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.455
Times cited: 11
DOI: 10.1007/s00339-006-3808-5
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“Modeling of a millisecond pulsed glow discharge: investigation of the afterpeak”. Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Jackson GP, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 18, 533 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1039/b212606k
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.379
Times cited: 42
DOI: 10.1039/b212606k
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“Marketing innovation in rural small food industries in Iran”. Soltani S, Azadi H, Hosseini SJF, Witlox F, Van Passel S, Journal of food products marketing 21, 533 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2015.1041196
Abstract: Marketing innovation is essential for small industries to transform products into profit; therefore, understanding its nature and determinants is of utmost importance. This study aimed at understanding marketing innovation and its determinants in the 60 small food industries in the rural areas of Tehran province, Iran. Using a census sampling method, 111 managers of these firms were interviewed. Results showed that the firms performance in marketing innovation is generally weak, and a higher level of radical innovation in marketing is perceived compared to the incremental innovation. Also, a cause-and-effect relationship exists between both product and organizational innovations and marketing innovation. Furthermore, while incremental marketing innovation was negatively influenced by formal R&D unit, product diversification, and the managers years of experience, radical marketing innovation was affected by the capacity of production, product diversification, and managers age and education. The study concluded that in order to boost marketing innovation, innovation should be made also in products and organization. In addition, in order to facilitate the process of marketing innovation, practical and updated training for managers encouraging incremental innovation in marketing, product diversification, and improving R&D activities in the studied firms should be regarded.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM); Government and Law
DOI: 10.1080/10454446.2015.1041196
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“Novel nonlinear transport phenomena in a triangular quantum well”. Kastalsky A, Peeters FM, Chan WK, Florez LT, Harbison JP, Semiconductor science and technology: B 7, 530 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/7/3B/138
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 2.19
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1088/0268-1242/7/3B/138
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“Cyclist exposure to black carbon, ultrafine particles and heavy metals : an experimental study along two commuting routes near Antwerp, Belgium”. Hofman J, Samson R, Joosen S, Blust R, Lenaerts S, Environmental research 164, 530 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVRES.2018.03.004
Abstract: Urban environments typically exhibit large atmospheric pollution variation, in both space and time. In contrast to traditional monitoring networks suffering from a limited spatial coverage, mobile platforms enable personalized high-resolution monitoring, providing valuable insights into personal atmospheric pollution exposure, and the identification of potential pollution hotspots. This study evaluated personal cyclist exposure to UFPs, BC and heavy metals whilst commuting near Antwerp, Belgium, by performing mobile measurements with wearable black carbon (BC) and ultrafine particle (UFP) instruments. Loaded micro-aethalometer filterstrips were chemically analysed and the inhaled pollutant dose determined from the exhibited heart rate. Considerable spatial pollutant variation was observed along the travelled routes, with distinct contributions from spatial factors (e.g. traffic intersections, urban park and market) and temporary events. On average 300% higher BC, 20% higher UFP and changing elemental concentrations are observed along the road traffic route (RT), when compared to the bicycle highway route (BH). Although the overall background pollution determines a large portion of the experienced personal exposure (in this case 53% for BC and 40% for UFP), cyclists can influence their personal atmospheric pollution exposure, by selecting less exposed commuting routes. Our results, hereby, strengthen the body of evidence in favour of further policy investments in isolated bicycle infrastructure.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2018.03.004
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“The Potential Use of Core-Shell Structured Spheres in a Packed-Bed DBD Plasma Reactor for CO2 Conversion”. Uytdenhouwen Y, Meynen V, Cool P, Bogaerts A, Catalysts 10, 530 (2020). http://doi.org/10.3390/catal10050530
Abstract: This work proposes to use core-shell structured spheres to evaluate whether it allows to individually optimize bulk and surface effects of a packing material, in order to optimize conversion and energy efficiency. Different core-shell materials have been prepared by spray coating, using dense spheres (as core) and powders (as shell) of SiO2, Al2O3, and BaTiO3. The materials are investigated for their performance in CO2 dissociation and compared against a benchmark consisting of a packed-bed reactor with the pure dense spheres, as well as an empty reactor. The results in terms of CO2 conversion and energy efficiency show various interactions between the core and shell material, depending on their combination. Al2O3 was found as the best core material under the applied conditions here, followed by BaTiO3 and SiO2, in agreement with their behaviour for the pure spheres. Applying a thin shell layer on the cores showed equal performance between the different shell materials. Increasing the layer thickness shifts this behaviour, and strong combination effects were observed depending on the specific material. Therefore, this method of core-shell spheres has the potential to allow tuning of the packing properties more closely to the application by designing an optimal combination of core and shell.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.9
DOI: 10.3390/catal10050530
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“Direct Solar Energy-Mediated Synthesis of Tertiary Benzylic Alcohols Using a Metal-Free Heterogeneous Photocatalyst”. Zhang Y, Qin S, Claes N, Schilling W, Sahoo PK, Ching HYV, Jaworski A, Lemière F, Slabon A, Van Doorslaer S, Bals S, Das S, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 10, 530 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07026
Abstract: Direct hydroxylation via the functionalization of tertiary benzylic C(sp3)-H bond is of great significance for obtaining tertiary alcohols which find wide applications in pharmaceuticals as well as in fine chemical industries. However, current synthetic procedures use toxic reagents and therefore, the development of a sustainable strategy for the synthesis of tertiary benzyl alcohols is highly desirable. To solve this problem, herein, we report a metal-free
heterogeneous photocatalyst to synthesize the hydroxylated products using oxygen as the key reagent. Various benzylic substrates were employed into our mild reaction conditions to afford the desirable products in good to excellent yields. More importantly, gram-scale reaction was achieved via harvesting direct solar energy and exhibited high quantity of the product. The high stability of the catalyst was proved via recycling the catalyst and spectroscopic analyses. Finally, a possible mechanism was proposed based on the EPR and other experimental
evidence.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Organic synthesis (ORSY)
Impact Factor: 8.4
Times cited: 24
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07026
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“Potential energy surface of B4 and the total atomization energies of B2, B3 and B4”. Martin JML, François JP, Gijbels R, Chemical physics letters 189, 529 (1992)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.897
Times cited: 50
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“Modeling of photon scattering at high X-ray energies : experiment versus simulation”. Vincze L, Vekemans B, Janssens K, Adams F, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry
T2 –, 15th International Congress on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis (ICXOM), AUG 24-27, 1998, ANTWERP, BELGIUM 14, 529 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1039/A808040B
Abstract: The use of a detailed Monte Carlo simulation code for X-ray fluorescence spectrometers is demonstrated for calculating the outcome of X-ray scattering experiments in the incident energy range 40-80 keV. The code was validated by comparisons of experimental and simulated spectral distributions in the case of thick, homogeneous samples in which multiple photon scattering occurs with high probability. The experimental spectral distributions were collected at beamline BW5 of HASYLAB, Germany, where a highly energetic, monochromatic synchrotron beam is available. With respect to heterogeneous samples, the code was employed to evaluate the use of Rayleigh and Compton scatter signals for obtaining three dimensional information on the sample dark matrix composition.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.379
DOI: 10.1039/A808040B
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“Surface analysis of halide distributions in complex AgX microcrystals by imaging time-of-flight SIMS (TOF-SIMS)”. Verlinden G, Gijbels R, Geuens I, de Keyzer R Antwerp, page 528 (1998).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Direct structure inversion from exit waves: part 1: theory and simulations”. Wang A, Chen FR, Van Aert S, van Dyck D, Ultramicroscopy 110, 527 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.11.024
Abstract: In order to interpret the amplitude and phase of the exit wave in terms of mass and position of the atoms, one has to invert the dynamic scattering of the electrons in the object so as to obtain a starting structure which can then be used as a seed for further quantitative structure refinement. This is especially challenging in case of a zone axis condition when the interaction of the electrons with the atom column is very strong. Based on the channelling theory we will show that the channelling map not only yields a circle on the Argand plot but also a circular defocus curve for every column. The former gives the number of atoms in each column, while the latter provides the defocus value for each column, which reveals the surface roughness at the exit plane with single atom sensitivity.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Impact Factor: 2.843
Times cited: 25
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.11.024
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de Backer W, Vos W, Van Holsbeke C, Vinchurkar S, Claes R, Hufkens A, Parizel PM, Bedert L, de Backer J (2014) The effect of roflumilast in addition to LABA/LAMA/ICS treatment in COPD patients. Copenhagen, 527–529
Keywords: L1 Letter to the editor; Biophysics and Biomedical Physics; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
Impact Factor: 10.569
Times cited: 26
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00011714
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“Multiply connected mesoscopic superconductors”. Baelus BJ, Peeters FM, Modern physics letters B
T2 –, 3rd International Conference on Modern Problems in Superconductivity, SEP 09-14, 2002, YALTA, UKRAINE 17, 527 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1142/S021798490300555X
Abstract: Multiply connected mesoscopic: superconductors are considered within the framework of the nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau theory. The two coupled nonlinear equations are solved numerically and we investigated the properties of a superconducting ring, two concentric rings, and an asymmetric ring. We find that (i) for a mesoscopic superconducting ring the flux through the hole is not quantized, (ii) two concentric mesoscopic superconducting rings are magnetically coupled and the interaction energy increases with increasing sample thickness, and (iii) in asymmetric rings, a stationary phase slip state is predicted.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 0.617
DOI: 10.1142/S021798490300555X
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“The structure and energetics of B3N2, B2N3, and BN4: symmetry breaking effects in B3N2”. Martin JML, El-Yazal J, François JP, Gijbels R, Molecular physics 85, 527 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1080/00268979500101281
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.72
Times cited: 19
DOI: 10.1080/00268979500101281
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“Ge40.0Te5.3I8: synthesis, crystal structure, and properties of a new clathrate-I compound”. Kovnir KA, Abramchuk NS, Zaikina JV, Baitinger M, Burkhardt U, Schnelle W, Olenev AV, Lebedev OI, Van Tendeloo G, Dikarev EV, Shevelkov AV, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 221, 527 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.2006.221.5-7.527
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.179
Times cited: 16
DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2006.221.5-7.527
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“Mechanisms of elementary hydrogen ion-surface interactions during multilayer graphene etching at high surface temperature as a function of flux”. Aussems DUB, Bal KM, Morgan TW, van de Sanden MCM, Neyts EC, Carbon 137, 527 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.05.051
Abstract: In order to optimize the plasma-synthesis and modification process of carbon nanomaterials for applications such as nanoelectronics and energy storage, a deeper understanding of fundamental hydrogengraphite/graphene interactions is required. Atomistic simulations by Molecular Dynamics have proven to be indispensable to illuminate these phenomena. However, severe time-scale limitations restrict them to very fast processes such as reflection, while slow thermal processes such as surface diffusion and molecular desorption are commonly inaccessible. In this work, we could however reach these thermal processes for the first time at time-scales and surface temperatures (1000 K) similar to high-flux plasma exposure experiments during the simulation of multilayer graphene etching by 5 eV H ions. This was achieved by applying the Collective Variable-Driven Hyperdynamics biasing technique, which extended the inter-impact time over a range of six orders of magnitude, down to a more realistic ion-flux of 1023m2s1. The results show that this not only causes a strong shift from predominant ion-to thermally induced interactions, but also significantly affects the hydrogen uptake and surface evolution. This study thus elucidates H ion-graphite/graphene interaction mechanisms and stresses the importance of including long time-scales in atomistic simulations at high surface temperatures to understand the dynamics of the ion-surface system.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 6.337
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.05.051
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“Conservation of stained glass windows with protective glazing : main results from the European VIDRIO research programme”. Bernardi A, Becherini F, Verità, M, Godoi RHM, Kontozova-Deutsch V, Van Grieken R, et al, Journal of cultural heritage 14, 527 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CULHER.2012.11.009
Abstract: The methodology of protecting the European stained glass windows against environmental risk (e.g. meteorological factors, air pollution, microorganisms) by means of an external glazing is not new. In spite of many scientific studies carried out in the last 20 years, some questions were still up for discussion. The European VIDRIO (20022005) project gave an answer to these questions. The research carried out by the different project partners established a new multidisciplinary approach aimed at evaluating the efficiency of the protective glazing systems and their effects on stained glass windows conservation, and finally at assessing the most appropriate strategy to preserve stained glass windows. Scientific results showed that the so-called isothermal glazing (i.e. ventilation by the air coming from the inside of the building) protected efficiently the ancient stained glass window from environmental attack (i.e. rain, pollutants, condensation, thermal shocks) with very limited secondary effects. The scientific research highlighted that its efficiency was strongly related to the technical design of the protective system. In particular, the ventilation and the size of the interspace had to be carefully considered. The research developed within the VIDRIO project was turned into general recommendations to the owners and practitioners on the best practice for the stained glass windows future conservation.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CULHER.2012.11.009
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“Modelling of radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma at intermediate pressures”. Berezhnoi S, Kaganovich I, Bogaerts A, Gijbels R Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, page 525 (1999).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Synthesis and characterization of mercury based “1222&rdquo, cuprates (Hg1-xMx)(Sr,Ba)2Pr2Cu2O9-\delta (M = Pr, Pb, Bi, Tl)”. Hervieu M, Van Tendeloo G, Michel C, Martin C, Maignan A, Raveau B, Journal of solid state chemistry 115, 525 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1995.1169
Abstract: Five new layered cuprates, with a 1222-type structure, have been synthesized according to the formula (Hg(1-x)M(x))(Sr,Ba)(2) Pr2Cu2O9-delta with M = Pr, Pb, Pi, and Tl. They crystallize in a tetragonal cell with a approximate to a(p) and c approximate to 29.5 Angstrom; their structure consists in a triple intergrowth of oxygen-deficient perovskite, rock-salt-and fluorite-type layers. They are characterized by a mixed [Hg(1-x)M(x)O(1-delta)] layer in the rock-sail-type slice. The ED and HREM studies show that Tl, Bi, and Pb are statistically distributed in the mixed [Hg(1-x)M(x)O(1-delta)] layer, contrary to Pr which involves an ordering phenomenon along a. Different stacking defects are observed and discussed as well as the cleavage mode of the crystals. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.133
Times cited: 5
DOI: 10.1006/jssc.1995.1169
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“Atomic resolution electron tomography”. Bals S, Goris B, de Backer A, Van Aert S, Van Tendeloo G, MRS bulletin 41, 525 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.138
Abstract: Over the last two decades, three-dimensional (3D) imaging by transmission electron microscopy or “electron tomography” has evolved into a powerful tool to investigate a variety of nanomaterials in different fields, such as life sciences, chemistry, solid-state physics, and materials science. Most of these results were obtained with nanometer-scale resolution, but different approaches have recently pushed the resolution to the atomic level. Such information is a prerequisite to understand the specific relationship between the atomic structure and the physicochemical properties of (nano) materials. We provide an overview of the latest progress in the field of atomic-resolution electron tomography. Different imaging and reconstruction approaches are presented, and state-of-the-art results are discussed. This article demonstrates the power and importance of electron tomography with atomic-scale resolution.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 5.199
Times cited: 19
DOI: 10.1557/mrs.2016.138
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“Elemental composition of bottom-sediments from Pangani river basin, Tanzania : lithogenic and anthropogenic sources”. Hellar-Kihampa H, Potgieter-Vermaak S, van Meel K, Gatto Rotondo G, Kishimba M, Van Grieken R, Toxicological and environmental chemistry 94, 525 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2011.648940
Abstract: River-bed sediments from the Pangani basin, Tanzania, were characterized for elemental compositions, following contamination risks from rapid expansions of human activities in the area. Samples were collected during two individual seasons and analyzed by high-polarizing beam energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) for eight major and 14 trace elements. Evaluation of enrichment factors (EFs) was used to investigate the elemental flux and assess the contributions of natural and anthropogenic influences. The abundances of the major elements followed the order Si > Al > Fe > Ca > K > Ti > Mn > P, similar to that of the upper earth's crust, and were generally from the weathering of the bed-rock. The high concentrations of typical anthropogenic trace-elements (Cr < 160 mg kg−1, V < 85 mg kg−1, Ni < 60 mg kg−1, Cu < 87 mg kg−1, La < 90 mg kg−1) coupled with high EFs (>2) in some locations indicated contamination associated with agricultural and industrial activities. Factor analysis extracted five principal components that contributed to 96.0% of the total observed variance. The results indicated that river-bed sediments of the Pangani basin were influenced to a larger extent by lithogenic sources than anthropogenic impacts.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2011.648940
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“Investigation of the chemical composition of (Na1-xBix)(MnyNb1-y)O3 ceramics by single particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis with an application of Monte Carlo simulations”. Spolnik Z, Osán J, Klepka M, Lawniczak-Jablonska K, Van Grieken R, Molak A, Potgieter JH, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 60, 525 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2005.03.013
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2005.03.013
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