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Records |
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Author |
Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Williams, C.T.; Radtke, M.; Haller, M.; Knöchel, A. |
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Title |
The non-destructive determination of REE in fossilized bone using synchrotron radiation induced K-line X-ray microfluorescence analysis |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
363 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
413-420 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
The sensitivity and applicability of the synchrotron radiation induced X-ray microfluorescence (mu-SRXRF) spectrometer at the Hamburg synchrotron laboratory Hasylab for the determination of the distribution of trace concentrations of rare-earth elements (REE) in fossilized bone are discussed and critically compared to those of other trace analytical methods such as instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and LAMP-ICPMS (laser ablation microprobe inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry). Measurements were carried out on two bone samples from contrasting terrestrial depositional environments at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania). Results indicate that the microdistribution of the REE in these biological materials is not homogeneous and that the relative abundance of these elements can provide information on the palaeoenvironment during the fossilization process. The heterogeneous distribution of the REE can be determined in a quantitative and completely non-destructive manner provided the concentrations of individual REE are above 10 mu g/g. |
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Wos |
000078895300015 |
Publication Date |
2002-08-25 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0937-0633 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:103505 |
Serial |
5747 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Vlasov, E.; Denisov, N.; Verbeeck, J. |
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Title |
Low-cost electron detector for scanning electron microscope |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
HardwareX |
Abbreviated Journal |
HardwareX |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
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Pages |
e00413 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Electron microscopy is an indispensable tool for the characterization of (nano) materials. Electron microscopes are typically very expensive and their internal operation is often shielded from the user. This situation can provide fast and high quality results for researchers focusing on e.g. materials science if they have access to the relevant instruments. For researchers focusing on technique development, wishing to test novel setups, however, the high entry price can lead to risk aversion and deter researchers from innovating electron microscopy technology further. The closed attitude of commercial entities about how exactly the different parts of electron microscopes work, makes it even harder for newcomers in this field. Here we propose an affordable, easy-to-build electron detector for use in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The aim of this project is to shed light on the functioning of such detectors as well as show that even a very modest design can lead to acceptable performance while providing high flexibility for experimentation and customization. |
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Wos |
001042486000001 |
Publication Date |
2023-03-10 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2468-0672 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) project SBO [Grant No. S000121N]. JV acknowledges funding from the HORIZON-INFRA-2022-TECH-01-01 project IMPRESS [Grant No. 101094299]. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:195886 |
Serial |
7252 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Osán, J.; Kurunczi, S.; Török, S.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
X-ray analysis of riverbank sediment of the Tisza (Hungary): identification of particles from a mine pollution event |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
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Pages |
413-422 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
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Wos |
000175029300004 |
Publication Date |
2002-10-15 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0584-8547; 1873-3565 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:37625 |
Serial |
8763 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Mescia, L.; Chiapperino, M.A.; Bia, P.; Gielis, J.; Caratelli, D. |
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Title |
Modeling of electroporation induced by pulsed electric fields in irregularly shaped cells |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
414-423 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
During the past decades, the poration of cell membrane induced by pulsed electric fields has been widely investigated. Since the basic mechanisms of this process have not yet been fully clarified, many research activities are focused on the development of suitable theoretical and numerical models. To this end, a nonlinear, nonlocal, dispersive, and space-time numerical algorithm has been developed and adopted to evaluate the transmembrane voltage and pore density along the perimeter of realistic irregularly shaped cells. The presented model is based on the Maxwell's equations and the asymptotic Smoluchowski's equation describing the pore dynamics. The dielectric dispersion of the media forming the cell has been modeled by using a general multirelaxation Debye-based formulation. The irregular shape of the cell is described by using the Gielis' superformula. Different test cases pertaining to red blood cells, muscular cells, cell in mitosis phase, and cancer-like cell have been investigated. For each type of cell, the influence of the relevant shape, the dielectric properties, and the external electric pulse characteristics on the electroporation process has been analyzed. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model is an efficient numerical tool to study the electroporation problem in arbitrary-shaped cells. |
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Wos |
000422914700018 |
Publication Date |
2017-11-13 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0018-9294 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:148417 |
Serial |
8264 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Liu, Y.; Ngo, H.H.; Guo, W.; Zhou, J.; Peng, L.; Wang, D.; Chen, X.; Sun, J.; Ni, B.-J. |
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Title |
Optimizing sulfur-driven mixotrophic denitrification process : system performance and nitrous oxide emission |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Chemical engineering science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
172 |
Issue |
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Pages |
414-422 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
Nitrate contamination of groundwater has been recognized as a significant environmental problem world widely. Sulfur-driven mixotrophic denitrification has been demonstrated as a promising groundwater treatment process, which though plays an important role in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, significantly contributing to the overall carbon footprint of the system. However, the current process optimizations only focus on nitrate removal and excess sulfate control, with the N2O emission being ignored. In this work, an integrated mathematical model was proposed to evaluate the N2O emission as well as the excess sulfate production and carbon source utilization in sulfur-driven mixotrophic denitrification process. In this model, autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifiers use their corresponding electron donors (sulfur and organic matter, respectively) to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas, with each modeled as three-step denitrification (NO3 to N-2 via NO2 and N2O) driven by sulfur or organic matter to describe all potential N2O accumulation steps. The developed model, employing model parameters previously reported in literature, was successfully validated using N2O and sulfate data from two mixotrophic denitrification systems with different initial conditions. Modeling results revealed substantial N2O accumulation due to the relatively low autotrophic N2O reduction activity as compared to heterotrophic N2O reduction activity, explaining the observation that higher carbon source addition resulted in lower N2O accumulation in sulfur-driven mixotrophic denitrifying system. Based on the validated model, optimizations of the overall system performance were carried out. Application of the model to simulate long-term operations of sulfur-driven mixotrophic denitrification process indicates that longer sludge retention time reduces N2O emission due to better retention of active biomass. High-level total nitrogen removal with significant N2O emission mitigation, appropriate excess sulfate control and maximized COD utilization can be achieved simultaneously through controlling the influent nitrate and COD concentrations. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Corporate Author |
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Wos |
000410833900034 |
Publication Date |
2017-07-03 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0009-2509 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:146634 |
Serial |
8344 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Martin, J.-M.; Thomas, A.J.; Van Grieken, R.E. |
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Title |
Trace element composition of Zaire suspended sediments |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Netherlands journal of sea research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3/4 |
Pages |
414-420 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
2003-08-07 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0077-7579; 1873-1406 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:116609 |
Serial |
8688 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Chen, Z.Y.; Bogaerts, A.; Depla, D.; Ignatova, V. |
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Title |
Dynamic Monte Carlo simulation for reactive sputtering of aluminium |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl Instrum Meth B |
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Volume |
207 |
Issue |
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Pages |
415-423 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Abstract |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
000184051300006 |
Publication Date |
2003-03-25 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0168-583X; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.109 |
Times cited |
20 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.109; 2003 IF: 1.041 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:44016 |
Serial |
762 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hens, S.; Bender, H.; Donaton, R.A.; Maex, K.; Vanhaelemeersch, S.; van Landuyt, J. |
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Title |
EFTEM study of plasma etched low-k Si-O-C dielectrics |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Institute of physics conference series
T2 – Royal-Microscopical-Society Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting, Materials, MAR 25-29, 2001, UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
169 |
Pages |
415-418 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Materials with low dielectric constant ("low-k'') in combination with Cu metallization are replacing the oxide based dielectrics with Al metallization in future generations of micro-electronic devices. In this work, a carbon doped oxide low-k dielectric material is studied after different kinds of etch/strip steps in single damascene Cu. filled line structures. Interline capacitance measurements indicate a dependence of the dielectric constant on the strip conditions. EFTEM is used to study the composition of the dielectric material and the modification of the low-k material at the sidewall of the etched structures for the various treatment conditions. |
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Publication Date |
0000-00-00 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0-7503-0818-4; 0951-3248 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:103432 |
Serial |
877 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Wagner, B.; Nowak, A.; Bulska, E.; Kunicki-Goldfinger, J.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; schalm |
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Title |
Complementary analysis of historical glass by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and laser ablation inductiveley coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Microchimica acta |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
162 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
415-424 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000258194900014 |
Publication Date |
2007-10-26 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
28 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:70565 |
Serial |
5533 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Vos, P.E.J.; Nikolova, I.; Janssen, S. |
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Title |
A high-order model for accurately simulating the size distribution of ultrafine particles in a traffic tunnel |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Atmospheric environment : an international journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
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Pages |
415-425 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
We present a computational model for simulating the dispersion of traffic emitted particulate matter inside a road tunnel, with an emphasis on the number concentration of ultrafine particles (UFP). The model primarily calculates the size distribution of the particle number concentration at each location inside the tunnel. The proposed model differs from existing models in the sense that it uses a continuous representation of the size distribution based upon the high-order finite element method and that it solves the governing equations using the state-of-the-art discontinuous Galerkin method. Next to the traditional transport processes, the model also implements the most important aerosol transformation processes such as coagulation, condensation and dry deposition. It is shown that based upon parametrisations found in literature, the process of condensation in a traffic tunnel cannot properly be modelled. Therefore, we present a correction factor that allows for a better parametrisation. The adequate performance of the model is demonstrated by both a verification study and a validation study. For the verification we show that the discretisation error converges consistently while for the validation we compare the modelled results with a suitable set of data from a UFP measurement campaign in a Taiwanese traffic tunnel. The model is shown to correctly simulate the observed behaviour and by applying a statistical model evaluation we demonstrate that the proposed model meets widely accepted air quality model acceptance criteria. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Wos |
000309081100047 |
Publication Date |
2012-05-25 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1352-2310 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:101793 |
Serial |
8033 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Kuczumow, A.; Claes, M.; Schmeling, M.; Van Grieken, R.; de Gendt, S. |
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Title |
Quantification problems in light element determination by grazing emission X-ray fluorescence |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
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Pages |
415-421 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000086323700017 |
Publication Date |
2002-07-26 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:27592 |
Serial |
8437 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bach, D.; Störmer, H.; Schneider, R.; Gerthsen, D.; Verbeeck, J. |
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Title |
EELS investigations of different niobium oxide phases |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Microscopy and microanalysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microsc Microanal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
416-423 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Electron energy loss spectra in conjunction with near-edge fine structures of purely stoichiometric niobium monoxide (NbO) and niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) reference materials were recorded. The structures of the niobium oxide reference materials were checked by selected area electron diffraction to ensure a proper assignment of the fine structures. NbO and Nb2O5 show clearly different energy loss near-edge fine structures of the Nb-M-4,M-5 and -M-2,M-3 edges and of the O-K edge, reflecting the specific local environments of the ionized atoms. To distinguish the two oxides in a quantitative manner, the intensities under the Nb-M-4,M-5 as well as Nb-M-2,M-3 edges and the O-K edge were measured and their ratios calculated. k-factors were also derived from these measurements. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Cambridge, Mass. |
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000241181400007 |
Publication Date |
2006-09-19 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1431-9276;1435-8115; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.891 |
Times cited |
50 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.891; 2006 IF: 2.108 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:60979UA @ admin @ c:irua:60979 |
Serial |
789 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Scalise, E.; Houssa, M.; Pourtois, G.; Afanas'ev, V.V.; Stesmans, A. |
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Title |
First-principles study of strained 2D MoS2 |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Physica. E: Low-dimensional systems and nanostructures |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physica E |
|
|
Volume |
56 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
416-421 |
|
|
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
|
|
Abstract |
The electronic and vibrational properties of 2D honeycomb structures of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) subjected to strain have been investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. We have studied the evolution of the electronic properties of bulk and layered MoS2, going down from a few layers up to a mono-layer, and next investigated the effect of bi-axial strain on their electronic structure and vibrational frequencies. Both for tensile and compressive biaxial strains, the shrinking of the energy band-gap of MoS2 with increasing level of applied strain is observed and a transition limit of the system from semiconducting to metallic is predicted to occur for strains in the range of 8-10%. We also found a progressive downshift (upshift) of both the E-2g(1) and A(1g) Raman active modes with increasing level of applied tensile (compressive) strain. Interestingly, significant changes in the curvature of the conduction and valence band near their extrema upon the application of strain are also predicted, with correlated variations of the electron and hole effective masses. These changes present interesting possibilities for engineering the electronic properties of 2D structures of MoS2. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
North-Holland |
Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Wos |
000330815800070 |
Publication Date |
2012-08-08 |
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1386-9477; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
|
Impact Factor |
2.221 |
Times cited |
72 |
Open Access |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.221; 2014 IF: 2.000 |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115761 |
Serial |
1220 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Stefaniak, E.A.; Alsecz, A.; Frost, R.; Máthé, Z.; Sajó, I.E.; Török, S.; Worobiec, A.; Van Grieken, R. |
|
|
Title |
Combined SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis of uranium minerals from a former uranium mine |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of hazardous materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
168 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
416-423 |
|
|
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
|
|
Abstract |
Samples of the secondary uranium minerals collected in the abandoned uranium mine at Pecs (Hungary) were investigated by two micro-techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS). They were applied to locate U-rich particles and identify the chemical form and oxidation state of the uranium compounds. The most abundant mineral was a K and/or Na uranyl sulphate (zippeite group). U(VI) was also present in the form showing intensive Raman scattering at 860 cm−1 which can be attributed to uranium trioxide. This research has shown the successful application of micro-Raman spectroscopy for the identification of uranyl mineral species on the level of individual particles. |
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Address |
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|
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Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
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|
|
Language |
|
Wos |
000267567600060 |
Publication Date |
2009-02-22 |
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0304-3894 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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|
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:77032 |
Serial |
7681 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Nikolaev, A.V.; Michel, K.H. |
|
|
Title |
Molecular terms and optical transitions of C60n+/- molecular ions |
Type |
P1 Proceeding |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
AIP conference proceedings
T2 – 16th International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel, Materials, MAR 02-09, 2002, KIRCHBERG, AUSTRIA |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
417-420 |
|
|
Keywords |
P1 Proceeding; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
|
|
Abstract |
We have studied the molecular energy terms of the hole configurations (h(u)(+))(m), m=2,3,4,5 of C-60(m+) cations and the electronic configurations (t(1u))(n) n=2,3,4, as well as (t(1u))(n-1)t(1g) of the C-60(n-) anions. The lowest terms (within an energy span of 0.03 eV) for C-60(2+) are three triplets T-3(1g), (3)G(g), T-3(2g) and for C-60(3+) are three quartets T-4(1u), (4)G(u), T-4(2u), which favor Jahn-Teller distortions. For the ground state of C-60(2-) we find a triplet T-3(1g) in agreement with Hund's rules. Our method takes into account intramolecular direct and exchange multipolar Coulomb interactions. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
New York |
Editor |
|
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|
Language |
|
Wos |
|
Publication Date |
0000-00-00 |
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Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
633 |
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0-7354-0088-1 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; |
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|
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:103905 |
Serial |
2187 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
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|
Author |
Shi, J.M.; Peeters, F.M.; Devreese, J.T. |
|
|
Title |
Polaron correction to the D-center in a quantum well |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Physica: B : condensed matter |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physica B |
|
|
Volume |
184 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
417-421 |
|
|
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Theory of quantum systems and complex systems |
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|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
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|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Wos |
A1993KU62100082 |
Publication Date |
2002-10-17 |
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0921-4526; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
|
Impact Factor |
1.319 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
|
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:5740 |
Serial |
2662 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
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|
Author |
Van Dael, M.; Lizin, S.; Swinnen, G.; Van Passel, S. |
|
|
Title |
Young people's acceptance of bioenergy and the influence of attitude strength on information provision |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Renewable Energy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Renew Energ |
|
|
Volume |
107 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
417-430 |
|
|
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM) |
|
|
Abstract |
This study investigated the effects of using a standardized PowerPoint lecture to provide young people with nuanced information about bioenergy. The studys aim was to understand the relationship between knowledge and participants perception of bioenergy, and the relationship of the latter to participants attitude strength and intention to use and learn about bioenergy. Data were collected from 715 participants using a survey instrument that contained mainly Likert-scale questions. Data were then processed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Results show that providing such information increases knowledge about bioenergy, but does relatively little to create a more positive perception of bioenergy. In turn, having a more positive view about bioenergy would lead to a higher intention to use bioenergy. Attitude strength was found to mediate the previous relationship and decreases the strength of the relationship between perception and intention to use. Results also show that the lecture weakly contributed to building attitude strength, rendering opinion change less likely in the future. We conclude that listening to a lecture on bioenergy slightly improves peoples perception of bioenergy, makes it more likely that people maintain such a disposition, and translates into a slightly higher intention to use bioenergy. |
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Address |
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|
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Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
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Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000396946900036 |
Publication Date |
2017-02-08 |
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Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0960-1481 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
|
Impact Factor |
4.357 |
Times cited |
10 |
Open Access |
|
|
|
Notes |
; This work was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO; grant number 12G5415N). The authors gratefully acknowledge Sara Leroi-Werelds (Hasselt University) for her valuable comments. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.357 |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:140683 |
Serial |
6280 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
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|
|
Author |
Vanderborght, B.M.; Van Grieken, R.E. |
|
|
Title |
Water analysis by spark-source mass-spectrometry after preconcentration on activated carbon |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
417-422 |
|
|
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
|
|
Abstract |
For trace analyses of environmental waters, spark-source mass-spectrometry has been combined with a preconcentration procedure involving chelation of the dissolved trace elements with oxine and subsequent adsorption of the oxinates and naturally occurring organic and colloidal metal species onto activated carbon. The activated carbon is filtered off and ashed at low temperature. The residue is dissolved, an internal standard and pure graphite are added and, after drying, the electrodes are prepared. The photographically recorded mass spectrum is evaluated by a suitable computer routine. The error of the procedure is around 30%. While this preconcentration and analysis procedure is capable of measuring about 40 elements quantitatively, in practice 1025 trace elements are determined simultaneously above the 0.1-μg/l. detection limit, as is illustrated by analyses of drinking water, surface and ground water samples. Although a sophisticated technique, SSMS can be considered for regular panoramic survey analyses. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
A1980JR07800006 |
Publication Date |
2002-07-25 |
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Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0039-9140; 1873-3573 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
|
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:116557 |
Serial |
8746 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
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|
|
Author |
Fang, C.M.; van Huis, M.A.; Zandbergen, H.W. |
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|
Title |
Structure and stability of Fe2 phases from density-functional theory calculations |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Scripta materialia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Scripta Mater |
|
|
Volume |
63 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
418-421 |
|
|
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
|
|
Abstract |
Fe(2)C plays a crucial role in the precipitation of iron carbides. Jack's structural models for epsilon-Fe(2)C, and non-stoichiometric epsilon-Fe(2.4)C, are analyzed using first-principles calculations. Several new configurations of epsilon-Fe(2)C with even higher stability are found. We show how epsilon-Fe(2)C transforms into eta-Fe(2)C, and address the structural relationships with the chi-Fe(5)C(2), theta-Fe(3)C and Fe(7)C(3) phases. The relative occurrence of these phases in steel, as well as their probable evolution during tempering of quenched steels, is discussed. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
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|
|
Language |
|
Wos |
000279496000017 |
Publication Date |
2010-05-03 |
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Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1359-6462; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
|
Impact Factor |
3.747 |
Times cited |
32 |
Open Access |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.747; 2010 IF: 2.820 |
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|
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95591 |
Serial |
3299 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Kontozova-Deutsch, V.; Krata, A.; Deutsch, F.; Bencs, L.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Efficient separation of acetate and formate by ion chromatography: application to air samples in a cultural heritage environment |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
75 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
418-423 |
|
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000255270700015 |
Publication Date |
2007-11-26 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0039-9140; 1873-3573 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
|
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:67547 |
Serial |
7854 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Lei, C.H.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Lisoni, J.G.; Siegert, M.; Schubert, J. |
|
|
Title |
Growth kinetic of MgO film on r-plane of sapphire: microstructural study |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of crystal growth |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Cryst Growth |
|
|
Volume |
226 |
Issue |
2/3 |
Pages |
419-429 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
|
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000169535100029 |
Publication Date |
2002-07-26 |
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Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0022-0248; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
|
Impact Factor |
1.751 |
Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.751; 2001 IF: 1.283 |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54783 |
Serial |
1391 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Samajdar, I.; Ratchev, P.; Verlinden, B.; Schryvers, D. |
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Title |
Recrystallization and grain growth in a B2 iron aluminide alloy |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Intermetallics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intermetallics |
|
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
419-425 |
|
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Chicago, Ill. |
Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000074235500009 |
Publication Date |
2002-07-25 |
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Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0966-9795; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
|
Impact Factor |
3.14 |
Times cited |
17 |
Open Access |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.14; 1998 IF: 1.785 |
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|
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:48366 |
Serial |
2846 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Chinchilla, L.E.; Olmos, C.; Kurttepeli, M.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Villa, A.; Prati, L.; Blanco, G.; Calvino, J.J.; Chen, X.; Hungría, A.B. |
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|
Title |
Combined macroscopic, nanoscopic, and atomic-scale characterization of gold-ruthenium bimetallic catalysts for octanol oxidation |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Particle and particle systems characterization |
Abbreviated Journal |
Part Part Syst Char |
|
|
Volume |
33 |
Issue |
33 |
Pages |
419-437 |
|
|
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
|
|
Abstract |
A series of gold-ruthenium bimetallic catalysts of increasing Au:Ru molar ratios supported on a Ce0.62Zr0.38O2 mixed oxide are prepared and their structural and chemical features characterized by a combination of macroscopic and atomic-scale techniques based on scanning transmission electron microscopy. The influence of the temperature of the final reduction treatment used as activation step (350-700 degrees C range) is also investigated. The preparation method used allows catalysts to be successfully prepared where a major fraction of the metal nanoparticles is in the size range below 5 nm. The structural complexities characteristic of this type of catalysts are evidenced, as well as the capabilities and limitations of both the macroscopic and microscopic techniques in the characterization of the system of metal nanoparticles. A positive influence of the addition of Ru on both the resistance against sintering and the catalytic performance of the starting supported Au catalyst is evidenced. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Weinheim |
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Wos |
000379970000011 |
Publication Date |
2016-05-24 |
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0934-0866 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
|
Impact Factor |
4.474 |
Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
|
|
Notes |
; This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain/ FEDER Program of the EU (Project Nos.: MAT 2013-40823-R and CSD2009-00013), ESTEEM2 (FP7-INFRASTUCTURE-2012-1-312493), Junta de Andalucia (FQM334 and FQM110 and Project: FQM3994). S.B. acknowledges the European Research Council, ERC grant No. 335078 – Colouratom. M.K. is grateful to the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders. X.C. thanks the Ramon y Cajal Program. ; ecas_sara |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.474 |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:134958 |
Serial |
4150 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
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|
|
Author |
Janssens, K.H.A.; Adams, F.C.V.; Rindby, A. |
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|
Title |
Microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis |
Type |
MA1 Book as author |
|
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
419 p. |
|
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Keywords |
MA1 Book as author; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
|
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Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
0-471-97426-9 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
|
|
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:27576 |
Serial |
5725 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
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Author |
Rojas, C.M.; Otten, P.M.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Laane, R. |
|
|
Title |
Dry aerosol deposition over the North Sea estimated from aircraft measurements |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
419-425
T2 - Air pollution modeling and its applic |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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UA library record |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:680 |
Serial |
7826 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Osán, J.; de Hoog, J.; van Espen, P.; Szalóki, I.; Ro, C.-U.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Evaluation of energy-dispersive x-ray spectra of low-Z elements from electron-probe microanalysis of individual particles |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
X-ray spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
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Pages |
419-426 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3) |
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000172347800010 |
Publication Date |
2002-08-25 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0049-8246 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:36091 |
Serial |
7939 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Tirry, W.; Schryvers, D. |
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Title |
In situ transmission electron microscopy of stress-induced martensite with focus on martensite twinning |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Materials science and engineering: part A: structural materials: properties, microstructure and processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mat Sci Eng A-Struct |
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Volume |
481 |
Issue |
Si |
Pages |
420-425 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Wos |
000255716100087 |
Publication Date |
2007-06-07 |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0921-5093; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.094 |
Times cited |
22 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.094; 2008 IF: 1.806 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:69139 |
Serial |
1586 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Anaf, W.; Horemans, B.; Van Grieken, R.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Chemical boundary conditions for the classification of aerosol particles using computer controlled electron probe microanalysis |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Talanta |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
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Pages |
420-427 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
A method for the classification of individual aerosol particles using computer controlled electron probe microanalysis is presented. It is based on chemical boundary conditions (CBC) and enables quick and easy processing of a large set of elemental concentration data (mass%), derived from the X-ray spectra of individual particles. The particles are first classified into five major classes (sea salt related, secondary inorganic, minerals, iron-rich and carbonaceous), after which advanced data mining can be performed by examining the elemental composition of particles within each class into more detail (e.g., by ternary diagrams). The CBC method is validated and evaluated by comparing its results with the output obtained with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for well-known standard particles as well as real aerosol particles collected with a cascade impactor. The CBC method gives reliable results and has a major advantage compared to HCA. CBC is based on boundary conditions that are derived from chemical logical thinking and does not require a translation of a mathematical algorithm output as does HCA. Therefore, the CBC method is more objective and enables comparison between samples without intermediate steps. |
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000313084400061 |
Publication Date |
2012-09-30 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0039-9140; 1873-3573 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.162 |
Times cited |
3 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.162; 2012 IF: 3.498 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:101336 |
Serial |
5511 |
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Author |
Lindner, H.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Multi-element model for the simulation of inductively coupled plasmas : effects of helium addition to the central gas stream |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Spectrochim Acta B |
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Volume |
66 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
421-431 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Abstract |
A model for an atmospheric pressure inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is developed which allows rather easy extension to a variable number of species and ionisation degrees. This encompasses an easy calculation of transport parameters for mixtures, ionisation and heat capacity. The ICP is modeled in an axisymmetric geometry, taking into account the gas streaming into a flowing ambient gas. A mixture of argon and helium is applied in the injector gas stream as it is often done in laser ablation ICP spectrometry. The results show a strong influence of the added helium on the center of the ICP, which is important for chemical analysis. The length of the central channel is significantly increased and the temperature inside is significantly higher than in the case of pure argon. This means that higher gas volume flow rates can be applied by addition of helium compared to the use of pure argon. This has the advantage that the gas velocity in the transport system towards the ICP can be increased, which allows shorter washout-times. Consequently, shorter measurement times can be achieved, e.g. for spatial mapping analyses in laser ablation ICP spectrometry. Furthermore, the higher temperature and the longer effective plasma length will increase the maximum size of droplets or particles injected into the ICP that are completely evaporated at the detection site. Thus, we expect an increase of the analytical performance of the ICP by helium addition to the injector gas. |
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Oxford |
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000293488700003 |
Publication Date |
2011-04-20 |
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ISSN |
0584-8547; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.241 |
Times cited |
28 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.241; 2011 IF: 2.876 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:90190 |
Serial |
2209 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bleiner, D.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Multiplicity and contiguity of ablation mechanisms in laser-assisted analytical micro-sampling |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Spectrochim Acta B |
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Volume |
61 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
421-432 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Oxford |
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Wos |
000238887600008 |
Publication Date |
2006-03-30 |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0584-8547; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.241 |
Times cited |
48 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.241; 2006 IF: 3.092 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:58156 |
Serial |
2234 |
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Permanent link to this record |