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Author Bafekry, A.; Ghergherehchi, M.; Shayesteh, S.F.
  Title Tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of antimonene nanosheets via point defects and external fields: first-principles calculations Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Physical chemistry, chemical physics Abbreviated Journal Phys Chem Chem Phys
  Volume 21 Issue 20 Pages 10552-10566
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
  Abstract Defects are inevitably present in materials, and their existence in a material strongly affects its fundamental physical properties. We have systematically investigated the effects of surface adsorption, substitutional impurities, defect engineering, an electric field and strain engineering on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of antimonene nanosheets, using spin-polarized density functional calculations based on first-principles. The adsorption or substitution of atoms can locally modify the atomic and electronic structures as well as induce a variety of electronic behaviors including metal, half-metal, ferromagnetic metal, dilute magnetic semiconductor and spin-glass semiconductor. Our calculations show that the presence of typical defects (vacancies and Stone-Wales defect) in antimonene affects the geometrical symmetry as well as the band gap in the electronic band structure and induces magnetism to antimonene. Moreover, by applying an external electric field and strain (uniaxial and biaxial), the electronic structure of antimonene can be easily modified. The calculation results presented in this paper provide a fundamental insight into the tunable nature of the electronic properties of antimonene, supporting its promise for use in future applications.
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  Language Wos 000476561000031 Publication Date 2019-04-25
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1463-9076; 1463-9084 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 4.123 Times cited 17 Open Access
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.123
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:161945 Serial 5430
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Author Sreepal, V.; Yagmurcukardes, M.; Vasu, K.S.; Kelly, D.J.; Taylor, S.F.R.; Kravets, V.G.; Kudrynskyi, Z.; Kovalyuk, Z.D.; Patane, A.; Grigorenko, A.N.; Haigh, S.J.; Hardacre, C.; Eaves, L.; Sahin, H.; Geim, A.K.; Peeters, F.M.; Nair, R.R.
  Title Two-dimensional covalent crystals by chemical conversion of thin van der Waals materials Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Nano letters Abbreviated Journal Nano Lett
  Volume 19 Issue 9 Pages 6475-6481
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
  Abstract Most of the studied two-dimensional (2D) materials have been obtained by exfoliation of van der Waals crystals. Recently, there has been growing interest in fabricating synthetic 2D crystals which have no layered bulk analogues. These efforts have been focused mainly on the surface growth of molecules in high vacuum. Here, we report an approach to making 2D crystals of covalent solids by chemical conversion of van der Waals layers. As an example, we used 2D indium selenide (InSe) obtained by exfoliation and converted it by direct fluorination into indium fluoride (InF3), which has a nonlayered, rhombohedral structure and therefore cannot possibly be obtained by exfoliation. The conversion of InSe into InF3 is found to be feasible for thicknesses down to three layers of InSe, and the obtained stable InF3 layers are doped with selenium. We study this new 2D material by optical, electron transport, and Raman measurements and show that it is a semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 2.2 eV, exhibiting high optical transparency across the visible and infrared spectral ranges. We also demonstrate the scalability of our approach by chemical conversion of large-area, thin InSe laminates obtained by liquid exfoliation, into InF3 films. The concept of chemical conversion of cleavable thin van der Waals crystals into covalently bonded noncleavable ones opens exciting prospects for synthesizing a wide variety of novel atomically thin covalent crystals.
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  Language Wos 000486361900083 Publication Date 2019-08-20
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1530-6984 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 12.712 Times cited 32 Open Access
  Notes ; This work was supported by the Royal Society, the European Research Council (contract 679689 and EvoluTEM 715502), and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, U.K. (EP/N013670/1), The authors acknowledge the use of the facilities at the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials and associated support services. H.S. acknowledges financial support from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under Project No. 117F095. M.Y. acknowledges the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vl) for a postdoctoral fellowship. S.J.H. and D.J.K. acknowledge support from EPSRC (EP/P009050/1) and the NowNANO CDT. ; Approved Most recent IF: 12.712
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:162818 Serial 5431
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Author de Sousa, A.A.; Chaves, A.; Pereira, T.A.S.; de Farias, G.A.; Peeters, F.M.
  Title Wave packet propagation through branched quantum rings under applied magnetic fields Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Physica. E: Low-dimensional systems and nanostructures Abbreviated Journal Physica E
  Volume 114 Issue 114 Pages 113598
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
  Abstract We investigate the effect of opening and closing pathways on the dynamics of electron wave packets in semiconductor quantum rings with different geometries. Our analysis is based on the time evolution of an electron wave packet, within the effective-mass approximation. We demonstrate that opening an extra channel in the quantum ring does not necessarily improve the electron transmission and, depending on the extra channel width, may even reduce it, either due to enhancement of quantum scattering or due to interference. In the latter case, transmission reduction can be controlled through the Aharonov-Bohm phase of the wave function, via an applied magnetic field. It is also shown that, closing one of the channels of the quantum ring, system improves the transmission probability under specific conditions, an effect which is a quantum analog of the Braess paradox.
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  Language Wos 000482637000039 Publication Date 2019-06-13
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1386-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 2.221 Times cited Open Access
  Notes ; This work was financially supported by PRONEX/CNPq/FUNCAP, Science Without Boards (Ciencias Sem Fronteiras) and the bilateral project CNPq-FWO. A. A. Sousa was financially supported by CAPES, under the PDSE contract BEX 7177/ 13-5. T. A. S. Pereira was financially supported by PRONEX/CNPq/FAPEMAT 850109/ 2009 and by CAPES under process BEX 3299/13-9. ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.221
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:162777 Serial 5432
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Author Jin, L.; Batuk, M.; Kirschner, F.K.K.; Lang, F.; Blundell, S.J.; Hadermann, J.; Hayward, M.A.
  Title Exsolution of SrO during the Topochemical Conversion of LaSr3CoRuO8to the Oxyhydride LaSr3CoRuO4H4 Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Inorganic chemistry Abbreviated Journal Inorg Chem
  Volume 58 Issue 21 Pages 14863-14870
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
  Abstract Reaction of the n = 1 Ruddlesden-Popper oxide LaSr3CoRuO8 with CaH2 yields the oxyhydride phase LaSr3CoRuO4H4 via topochemical anion-exchange. Close inspection of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data in combination with HAADF-STEM images reveals that nanoparticles of SrO are exsolved from the system during the reaction, with the change in cation stoichiometry accommodated by the inclusion of n > 1 (Co/Ru)nOn+1H2n ‘perovskite’ layers into the Ruddlesden-Popper stacking sequence. This novel pseudo-topochemical process offers a new route for the formation of n > 1 Ruddlesden-Popper structured materials. Magnetization data are consistent with a LaSr3Co1+Ru2+O4H4 (Co1+, d8, S = 1; Ru2+, d6, S = 0) oxidation/spin state combination. Neutron diffraction and μ+SR data show no evidence for long-range magnetic order down to 2 K, suggesting the diamagnetic Ru2+ centers impede the Co-Co magnetic exchange interactions.
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  Language Wos 000494894400062 Publication Date 2019-11-04
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0020-1669 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 4.857 Times cited 1 Open Access
  Notes We thank P. Manuel for assistance collecting the neutron powder diffraction data. We thank The Leverhulme Trust grant award RPG-2014-366 “Topochemical reduction of 4d and 5d transition metal oxides” for supporting this work. Experiments at the Diamond Light Source were performed as part of the Block Allocation Group award “Oxford Solid State Chemistry BAG to probe composition-structure-property relationships in solids” (EE13284). Investigation by TEM was supported through the FWO grant G035619N. Approved Most recent IF: 4.857
  Call Number EMAT @ emat @c:irua:164625 Serial 5434
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Author Kang, T.-Y.; Kwon, J.-S.; Kumar, N.; Choi, E.; Kim, K.-M.
  Title Effects of a Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet with Different Gas Sources and Modes of Treatment on the Fate of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Applied Sciences Abbreviated Journal Appl Sci-Basel
  Volume 9 Issue 22 Pages 4819
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract Despite numerous attempts to use human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in the field of tissue engineering, the control of their differentiation remains challenging. Here, we investigated possible applications of a non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ) to control the differentiation of hMSCs. An air- or nitrogen-based NTAPPJ was applied to hMSCs in culture media, either directly or by media treatment in which the cells were plated after the medium was exposed to the NTAPPJ. The durations of exposure were 1, 2, and 4 min, and the control was not exposed to the NTAPPJ. The initial attachment of the cells was assessed by a water-soluble tetrazolium assay, and the gene expression in the cells was assessed through reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the gene expression in the hMSCs was generally increased by the NTAPPJ exposure, but the enhancement was dependent on the conditions of the exposure, such as the source of the gas and the treatment method used. These results were attributed to the chemicals in the extracellular environment and the reactive oxygen species generated by the plasma. Hence, it was concluded that by applying the best conditions for the NTAPPJ exposure of hMSCs, the control of hMSC differentiation was possible, and therefore, exposure to an NTAPPJ is a promising method for tissue engineering.
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  Language Wos 000502570800096 Publication Date 2019-11-11
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 2076-3417 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 1.679 Times cited Open Access
  Notes The plasma source was kindly provided by the Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University. Approved Most recent IF: 1.679
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:164893 Serial 5435
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Author Van Loenhout, J.; Flieswasser, T.; Freire Boullosa, L.; De Waele, J.; Van Audenaerde, J.; Marcq, E.; Jacobs, J.; Lin, A.; Lion, E.; Dewitte, H.; Peeters, M.; Dewilde, S.; Lardon, F.; Bogaerts, A.; Deben, C.; Smits, E.
  Title Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Treated PBS Eliminates Immunosuppressive Pancreatic Stellate Cells and Induces Immunogenic Cell Death of Pancreatic Cancer Cells Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Cancers Abbreviated Journal Cancers
  Volume 11 Issue 10 Pages 1597
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Laboratory for Experimental Hematology (LEH); Center for Oncological Research (CORE)
  Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers with a low response to treatment and a five-year survival rate below 5%. The ineffectiveness of treatment is partly because of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which comprises tumor-supportive pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed to tackle both the immunosuppressive PSC and pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). Recently, physical cold atmospheric plasma consisting of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species has emerged as a novel treatment option for cancer. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of plasma-treated phosphate-buffered saline (pPBS) using three PSC lines and four PCC lines and examined the immunogenicity of the induced cell death. We observed a decrease in the viability of PSC and PCC after pPBS treatment, with a higher efficacy in the latter. Two PCC lines expressed and released damage-associated molecular patterns characteristic of the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). In addition, pPBS-treated PCC were highly phagocytosed by dendritic cells (DCs), resulting in the maturation of DC. This indicates the high potential of pPBS to trigger ICD. In contrast, pPBS induced no ICD in PSC. In general, pPBS treatment of PCCs and PSCs created a more immunostimulatory secretion profile (higher TNF-α and IFN-γ, lower TGF-β) in coculture with DC. Altogether, these data show that plasma treatment via pPBS has the potential to induce ICD in PCCs and to reduce the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment created by PSCs. Therefore, these data provide a strong experimental basis for further in vivo validation, which might potentially open the way for more successful combination strategies with immunotherapy for PDAC.
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  Language Wos 000498826000194 Publication Date 2019-10-19
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 2072-6694 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor Times cited 6 Open Access
  Notes Universiteit Antwerpen, NA ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 11E7719N 1121016N 1S32316N 12S9218N 12E3916N ; Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen, 141433 ; Kom op tegen Kanker, NA ; Stichting Tegen Kanker, STK2014-155 ; The authors express their gratitude to Christophe Hermans, Céline Merlin, Hilde Lambrechts, and Hans de Reu for technical assistance; and to VITO for the use of the MSD reader (Mol, Belgium). Approved Most recent IF: NA
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:163328 Serial 5436
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Author Spaeth, P.; Adhikari, S.; Le, L.; Jollans, T.; Pud, S.; Albrecht, W.; Bauer, T.; Caldarola, M.; Kuipers, L.; Orrit, M.
  Title Circular Dichroism Measurement of Single Metal Nanoparticles Using Photothermal Imaging Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Nano Letters Abbreviated Journal Nano Lett
  Volume 19 Issue 12 Pages 8934-8940
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Photothermal microscopy, chirality, circular dichroism, dissymmetry factor, linear dichroism, gold nanostructures; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ;
  Abstract Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a powerful optical technique for the study of chiral materials and molecules. It gives access to an enantioselective signal based on the differential absorption of right and left circularly polarized light, usually obtained through polarization analysis of the light transmitted through a sample of interest. CD is routinely used to determine the secondary structure of proteins and their conformational state. However, CD signals are weak, limiting the use of this powerful technique to ensembles of many molecules. Here, we experimentally realize the concept of photothermal circular dichroism, a technique that combines the enantioselective signal from circular dichroism with the high sensitivity of photothermal microscopy, achieving a superior signal-to-noise ratio to detect chiral nano-objects. As a proof of principle, we studied the chiral response of single plasmonic nanostructures with CD in the visible range, demonstrating a signal-to-noise ratio better than 40 with only 30 ms integration time for these nanostructures. The high signal-to-noise ratio allows us to quantify the CD signal for individual nanoparticles. We show that we can distinguish relative absorption differences for right circularly and left circularly polarized light as small as gmin = 4 × 10–3 for a 30 ms integration time with our current experimental settings. The enhanced sensitivity of our technique extends CD studies to individual nano-objects and opens CD spectroscopy to numbers of molecules much lower than those in conventional experiments.
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  Language Wos 000502687500074 Publication Date 2019-12-11
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1530-6984 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 12.712 Times cited Open Access
  Notes This work was supported by The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO/OCW), as part of the Frontiers of Nanoscience (NanoFront) program, and Open Technology Program (OTP, Project No. 16008). M.C. acknowledges the financial support of the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft through the KIND fellowships program. T.B. and L.K. acknowledge the financial support of the European Research Council (ERC) through Project 340438-CONSTANS. W.A. acknowledges an Individual Fellowship from the Marie Sklodowska-Curie actions (MSCA) under the EU’s Horizon 2020 program (Grant 797153, SOPMEN). The authors acknowledge Dr. Benjamin P. Isaacoff for his help in the initial steps of this project. P.S. thanks Martin Baaske for helpful discussions. M.C. thanks Dr. Felipe Bernal Arango for help with the 3D image rendering. Approved Most recent IF: 12.712
  Call Number EMAT @ emat @c:irua:165087c:irua:165233 Serial 5439
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Author Sleegers, N.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; van den Berg, M.; De Wael, K.
  Title Cephalosporin antibiotics : electrochemical fingerprints and core structure reactions investigated by LC-MSMS Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
  Volume 91 Issue 3 Pages 2035-2041
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre
  Abstract Electrochemistry and exploiting electrochemical fingerprints is a potent approach to address newly emerging surveillance needs, for instance for antibiotics. However, a comprehensive insight in the electrochemical oxidation behaviour and mechanism is re-quired for this sensing strategy. To address the lack in knowledge of the voltammetric behaviour of the cephalosporins antibiotics, a selection of cephalosporin antibiotics and two main intermediates were subjected to an electrochemical study of their redox behaviour by means of pulsed voltammetric techniques and small-scale electrolysis combined with HPLC-MS/MS analyses. Sur-prisingly, the detected oxidation products did not fit the earlier suggested oxidation of the sulfur group to the corresponding sul-foxide. The influence of different side chains, both at the three and the seven position of the β-lactam core structure on the elec-trochemical fingerprint were investigated. Additional oxidation signals at lower potentials were elucidated and linked to different side chains. These signals were further exploited to allow simultaneous detection of different cephalosporins in one voltammetric sweep. These fundamental insights can become the building blocks for an new on-site screening method.
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  Language Wos 000458220300055 Publication Date 2019-01-03
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 6 Open Access
  Notes ; The authors acknowledge financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) Flanders, Grant 1S 37658 17N. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:156046 Serial 5497
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Author Moro, G.; De Wael, K.; Moretto, L.M.
  Title Challenges in the electrochemical (bio)sensing of non-electroactive food and environmental contaminants Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Current opinion in electrochemistry Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 16 Issue 16 Pages 57-65
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract The electrochemical detection of non-electroactive contaminants can be successfully faced via the use of indirect detection strategies. These strategies can provide sensitive and selective responses often coupled with portable and user-friendly analytical tools. Indirect detection strategies are usually based on the change in the signal of an electroactive probe, induced by the presence of the target molecule at a modified electrode. This critical review aims at addressing the developments in indirect electro-sensing strategies for non-electroactive contaminants in food and environmental analysis in the last years (2017-2019). Emphasis is given to the strategy design, the electrode modifiers used and the feasibility of technological transfer.
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  Language Wos 000485814400010 Publication Date 2019-04-20
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 2451-9103; 2451-9111 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor Times cited 4 Open Access
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: NA
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:159574 Serial 5498
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Author Moro, G.; Bottari, F.; Sleegers, N.; Florea, A.; Cowen, T.; Moretto, L.M.; Piletsky, S.; De Wael, K.
  Title Conductive imprinted polymers for the direct electrochemical detection of beta-lactam antibiotics: The case of cefquinome Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Sensors and actuators : B : chemical Abbreviated Journal Sensor Actuat B-Chem
  Volume 297 Issue 297 Pages 126786
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract A biomimetic sensor for cefquinome (CFQ) was designed at multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified graphite screen-printed electrodes (MWCNTs-G-SPEs) as a proof-of-concept for the creation of a sensors array for beta-lactam antibiotics detection in milk. The sensitive and selective detection of antibiotic residues in food and environment is a fundamental step in the elaboration of prevention strategies to fight the insurgence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as recommended by authorities around the world (EU, WHO, FDA). The detection strategy is based on the characteristic electrochemical fingerprint of the target antibiotic cefquinome. A conducive electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coupled with MWCNTs was found to be the optimal electrode modifier, able to provide an increased selectivity and sensitivity for CFQ detection. The design of CFQ-MIP was facilitated by the rational selection of the monomer, 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA). The electropolymerization process of 4-ABA have not been fully elucidated yet; for this reason a thorough study and optimization of electropolymerization conditions was performed to obtain a conducive and stable poly(4-ABA) film. The modified electrodes were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). CFQ-MIP were synthesized at MWCNT-G-SPEs by electropolyrnerization in pH approximate to 1 (0.1 M sulphuric acid) with a monomer:template ratio of 5:1. Two different analytical protocols were tested (single and double step detection) to minimize unspecific adsorptions and improve the sensitivity. Under optimal conditions, the lowest CFQ concentration detectable by square wave voltammetry (SWV) at the modified sensor was 50 nM in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 2.
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  Language Wos 000478562700020 Publication Date 2019-07-08
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0925-4005 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 5.401 Times cited 4 Open Access
  Notes ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 753223. This work was also supported by FWO. ; Approved Most recent IF: 5.401
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:161777 Serial 5549
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Author Monico, L.; Sorace, L.; Cotte, M.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; Romani, A.; Miliani, C.
  Title Disclosing the binding medium effects and the pigment solubility in the (photo)reduction process of chrome yellows (PbCrO4/PbCr1-xSxO4) Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication ACS Omega Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 6607-6619
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract The darkening due to chemical alteration of chrome yellows (PbCrO4/PbCr1-xSxO4) is a phenomenon threatening a large number of 19th-20th century paintings, including the Amsterdam Sunflowers by Vincent van Gogh. Our earlier studies have proven that the alteration is due to a Cr(VI) -> Cr(III) reduction with Cr(V)-species that are formed as long-lived intermediates and that bCr(1-x)S(x)O(4) (0 < x <= 0.8) types undergo reduction more readily than monoclinic, S-free, PbCrO4. In this context, there is still lack of knowledge about the effects of the chemical properties of the binding medium (i.e., chemical composition and drying process) and the solubility of chrome yellows on the overall reduction pathways. Here, we study a series of naturally and photochemically aged mock-up paints prepared by mixing chrome yellow powders (PbCrO4/PbCr0.2S0.8O4) with either linseed oil or a water-based acrylic emulsion as the binding medium. Equivalent paints made up of the highly soluble K2CrO4 were also investigated and used as benchmarks to provide a more in-depth understanding of the influence of the solubility on the chromate reduction pathways in the two different binders. A combination of synchrotron radiation-based Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and UV-Visible spectroscopy measurements shows that: (1) the Cr(VI) reduction results from the interaction between the pigment and the binder; (2) the process is more significant in oil, giving rise to Cr(V)- and Cr(III)-species as well as oxidized organic compounds; (3) the lightfastness of the chrome yellow pigment is enhanced in the acrylic binder; and (4) the tendency toward chromium reduction increases with increasing solubility of the pigment. Based on our findings, we propose a scheme for the mechanism of the (photo)reduction process of chrome yellows in the oil and acrylic binder. Overall, our results provide new insights into the factors driving the degradation of lead chromate-based paints in artworks and contribute to the development of strategies for preserving them over time.
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  Language Wos 000466552500057 Publication Date 2019-04-10
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 2470-1343 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor Times cited 4 Open Access
  Notes ; The research was financially supported by the European research project IPERION-CH, funded by the European Commission, H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015 (grant agreement n. 654028), and by the project AMIS, within the program Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022, funded by MIUR and University of Perugia. The University of Perugia is also acknowledged for financial support under the program “Ricerca di Base 2017”. L.S. acknowledges the financial support of Ente CRF. For the beamtime grants received, we thank the ESRF (experiment no. HG64 and in-house beamtimes). ; Approved Most recent IF: NA
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:160416 Serial 5577
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Author Moro, G.; Bottari, F.; Van Loon, J.; Du Bois, E.; De Wael, K.; Moretto, L.M.
  Title Disposable electrodes from waste materials and renewable sources for (bio) electroanalytical applications Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Biosensors and bioelectronics Abbreviated Journal Biosens Bioelectron
  Volume 146 Issue 146 Pages 111758
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Product development
  Abstract The numerous advantages of disposable and screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) particularly in terms of portability, sensibility, sensitivity and low-cost led to the massive application of these electroanalytical devices. To limit the electronic waste and recover precious materials, new recycling processes were developed together with alternative SPEs fabrication procedures based on renewable, biocompatible sources or waste materials, such as paper, agricultural byproducts or spent batteries. The increased interest in the use of eco-friendly materials for electronics has given rise to a new generation of highly performing green modifiers. From paper based electrodes to disposable electrodes obtained from CD/DVD, in the last decades considerable efforts were devoted to reuse and recycle in the field of electrochemistry. Here an overview of recycled and recyclable disposable electrodes, sustainable electrode modifiers and alternative fabrication processes is proposed aiming to provide meaningful examples to redesign the world of disposable electrodes.
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  Language Wos 000497250600003 Publication Date 2019-10-07
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0956-5663 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 7.78 Times cited 2 Open Access
  Notes ; This research received funding from FWO and IOF (UAntwerpen). ; Approved Most recent IF: 7.78
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:164563 Serial 5578
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Author Florea, A.; Schram, J.; De Jong, M.; Eliaerts, J.; Van Durme, F.; Kaur, B.; Samyn, N.; De Wael, K.
  Title Electrochemical strategies for adulterated heroin samples Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
  Volume 91 Issue 12 Pages 7920-7928
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract Electrochemical strategies to selectively detect heroin in street samples without the use of complicated electrode modifications were developed for the first time. For this purpose, heroin, mixing agents (adulterants, cutting agent, and impurities), and their binary mixtures were subjected to square wave voltammetry measurements at bare graphite electrodes at pH 7.0 and pH 12.0, in order to elucidate the unique electrochemical fingerprint of heroin and mixing agents as well as possible interferences or reciprocal influences. Adjusting the pH from pH 7.0 to pH 12.0 allowed a more accurate detection of heroin in the presence of most common mixing agents. Furthermore, the benefit of introducing a preconditioning step prior to running square wave voltammetry on the electrochemical fingerprint enrichment was explored. Mixtures of heroin with other drugs (cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and morphine) were also tested to explore the possibility of their discrimination and simultaneous detection. The feasibility of the proposed electrochemical strategies was tested on realistic heroin street samples from forensic cases, showing promising results for fast, on-site detection tools of drugs of abuse.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000472682000056 Publication Date 2019-05-30
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 2 Open Access
  Notes ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 753223 Narcoreader. The authors also acknowledge IOF (UAntwerp) and Belspo for financial support. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:160061 Serial 5596
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Author Morales-Yanez, F.; Trashin, S.; Hermy, M.; Sariego, I.; Polman, K.; Muyldermans, S.; De Wael, K.
  Title Fast one-step ultrasensitive detection of toxocara canis antigens by a nanobody-based electrochemical magnetosensor Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
  Volume 91 Issue 18 Pages 11582-11588
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract Human toxocariasis (HT) is a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease caused by the migration of the larval stage of the roundworm Toxocara canis. Current HT diagnostic methods do not discriminate between active and past infections. Here, we present a method to quantify Toxocara excretory/secretory antigen, aiming to identify active cases of HT. High specificity is achieved by employing nanobodies (Nbs), single domain antigen binding fragments from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies. High sensitivity is obtained by the design of an electrochemical magnetosensor with an amperometric read-out. Reliable detection of TES antigen at 10 and 30 pg/mL level was demonstrated in phosphate buffered saline and serum, respectively. Moreover, the assay showed no cross-reactivity with other nematode antigens. To our knowledge, this is the most sensitive method to quantify the TES antigen so far. It also has great potential to develop point of care diagnostic systems in other conditions where high sensitivity and specificity are required.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000487156900016 Publication Date 2019-08-20
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 2 Open Access
  Notes ; This project was funded by the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen (FWO-Flanders, Project G.0189.13N) and BOF UAntwerp. The authors acknowledge Prof. Pierre Dorny (Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp) and Dr. Beatrice Nickel (Swiss Institute of Tropical Medicine) for providing the antigens needed for the cross-reactivity experiments. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:163784 Serial 5621
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Author Amato, S.R.; Burnstock, A.; Cross, M.; Janssens, K.; Rosi, F.; Cartechini, L.; Fontana, R.; Dal Fovo, A.; Paolantoni, M.; Grazia, C.; Romani, A.; Michelin, A.; Andraud, C.; Tournie, A.; Dik, J.
  Title Interpreting technical evidence from spectral imaging of paintings by Edouard Manet in the Courtauld Gallery Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication X-ray spectrometry T2 – MA-XRF Workshop on Developments and Applications of Macro-XRF in, Conservation, Art, and Archeology, SEP 24-25, 2017, Trieste, ITALY Abbreviated Journal X-Ray Spectrom
  Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 282-292
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract The paintings by edouard Manet in The Courtauld Gallery Dejeuner sur l'herbe (1863-68), Marguerite de Conflans en Toilette de Bal (1870-1880), Banks of the Seine at Argenteuil (1874), and A Bar at the Folies-Bergere (1882) were investigated for the first time using a range of non-invasive in situ analyses. The aims of the study were to investigate the painting techniques and materials used for this group of works and to critically evaluate the technical evidence derived from the integrated use of imaging techniques and portable spectroscopic methods in this context. The paintings were investigated by means of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF), reflection spectral imaging, portable UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, portable Raman spectroscopy, and reflection FTIR. MA-XRF and reflection spectral imaging allowed visualising elements in the compositions that were not visible using traditional methods of technical study. For example, MA-XRF analysis of Dejeuner sur l'herbe revealed elements of the development of the composition that provided new evidence to consider its relationship to other versions of the composition. The study also highlighted questions about the interpretation of elemental distribution maps and spectral images that did not correspond to the reworking visible in X-radiographs. For example, in A Bar at the Folies-Bergere Manet made numerous changes during painting, which were not clearly visualised with any of the techniques used. The research has wider implications for the study of Impressionist paintings, as the results will support technical studies of works by other artists of the period who used similar materials and painting methods.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000472210700005 Publication Date 2018-01-23
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 1.298 Times cited Open Access
  Notes ; Financial support by the Access to Research Infrastructures activity in the Horizon 2020 Programme of the EU (IPERION CH Grant agreement 654028) is gratefully acknowledged. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.298
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:161296 Serial 5670
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Author Hellemans, K.; Cagno, S.; Bogana, L.; Janssens, K.; Mendera, M.
  Title LA-ICP-MS labels early medieval Tuscan finds from Siena and Donoratico as late natron glass Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 23 Issue 23 Pages 844-853
  Keywords A1 Journal article; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract The late antique/early medieval age in Central Italy is a well-suited context to verify the implications of the end of the natron glass supplies, and to explore the beginnings of the new plant-ash glass technology. We present the results of a LA-ICP-MS analysis campaign conducted on archaeological glass finds excavated at the Santa Maria della Scala hospital site in Siena and in Donoratico. This provided us with major, minor and trace element quantitative data for 49 glass samples belonging to drinking vessels and lamps, dated mainly between the 5th and the 8th century. On the basis of these data, we have sought to identify the working processes and possible glassware trade that are reflected in the glass composition. Major and minor element contents revealed that most samples, also at the later boundary of the explored timeframe, fit well within known late Roman glass classifications (e.g. HIMT, Levantine). Trace element analysis provided further information on the raw materials that were used in the glassmaking process, indicating the use of coastal sands as a silica source and allowing us to formulate different hypotheses on the materials used for the colouring process.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000462119900071 Publication Date 2018-12-13
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 2352-409x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor Times cited 3 Open Access
  Notes ; This research was supported by the Hercules Foundation (Brussels, Belgium) under grant AUHA09004, FWO (Brussels, Belgium) project nos. G.0C12.13 and G.01769.09. We would also like to thank our referees for their valuable input during the review process. ; Approved Most recent IF: NA
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:159450 Serial 5685
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Author Gaetani, C.; Gheno, G.; Borroni, M.; De Wael, K.; Moretto, L.M.; Ugo, P.
  Title Nanoelectrode ensemble immunosensing for the electrochemical identification of ovalbumin in works of art Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Electrochimica acta Abbreviated Journal Electrochim Acta
  Volume 312 Issue 312 Pages 72-79
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract This research is aimed to the study and application of an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of ovalbumin (OVA) from egg white (or albumen) used as a binder in some works of art, such as some historical photographic prints and tempera paintings. The immunosensor takes advantage of the interesting biodetection capabilities offered by nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs). The NEEs used to this aim are prepared by template deposition of gold nanoelectrodes within the pores of track-etched polycarbonate (PC) membranes. The affinity of polycarbonate for proteins is exploited to capture OVA from the aqueous extract obtained by incubation in phosphate buffer of a small sample fragment (<1 mg). The captured protein is reacted selectively with anti-OVA antibody, labelled with glucose oxidase (GOx). In the case of positive response, the addition of the GOx substrate (i.e. glucose) and a suitable redox mediator (a ferrocenyl derivative) reflects in the up rise of an electrocatalytic oxidation current, which depends on the OVA amount captured on the NEE, this amount correlating with OVA concentration in the extract. After optimization, the sensor is successfully applied to identify OVA in photographic prints dating back to the late 19th century, as well as in ancient tempera paintings from the 15th and 18th centuries.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000468595500008 Publication Date 2019-04-29
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0013-4686 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 4.798 Times cited 2 Open Access
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.798
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:159573 Serial 5743
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Author Kosov, A.D.; Dubrinina, T.V.; Borisova, N.E.; Ivanov, A.V.; Drozdov, K.A.; Trashin, S.A.; De Wael, K.; Kotova, M.S.; Tomilova, L.G.
  Title Novel phenyl-substituted pyrazinoporphyrazine complexes of rare-earth elements : optimized synthetic protocols and physicochemical properties Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication New journal of chemistry Abbreviated Journal New J Chem
  Volume 43 Issue 7 Pages 3153-3161
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract Novel synthetic protocols based on both template and multi-step methods were developed for phenyl-substituted pyrazinoporphyrazine complexes of rare-earth elements (Y, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er and Lu). p-Hydroquinone was employed as a reaction medium and as a reducing agent in the process of porphyrazine macrocycle formation. Both thermal and microwave irradiation techniques were successfully applied for activation of the template macrocyclization process. An alternative multi-step approach involving the initial stage of free-base ligand formation was realized for the lutetium compound. The target complexes were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Electrochemical behavior in solution and UV-vis absorbance in solutions and films were studied as well. Shifts in the position of the Q band and oxidationreduction potentials in comparison with corresponding phthalocyanine analogues were noticed. Using the IR absorption spectra recorded in the temperature range of 170300 K, the position of the Fermi level of −4.7 ± 0.1 eV and a characteristic energy diagram were obtained for the erbium complex.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000459944500035 Publication Date 2019-01-23
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1144-0546 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 3.269 Times cited 1 Open Access
  Notes ; We are grateful for main financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 16-33-60005 and 18-33-00519). Investigation of optical properties was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant 17-13-01197). Electrochemical investigations were supported by ERA.Net RUS Plus Plasmon Electrolight and FWO funding (RFBR No. 18-53-76006 ERA). We also thank the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for State Support of Young Scientists and Leading Scientific Schools (Grants MK-3115.2018.3) and partial support from the framework of the State Assignment of 2019 (Theme 45.5 Creation of compounds with given physicochemical properties). Investigation of electrophysical properties was supported by the RFBR (Grant 16-07-00961). K. A. Drozdov and M. S. Kotova thank Prof. L. I. Ryabova for productive discussion of the electrophysical data. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.269
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:156555 Serial 5750
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Author Neven, L.; Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, S.; Rahemi, V.; Trashin, S.; Sleegers, N.; Carrion, E.N.; Gorun, S.M.; De Wael, K.
  Title Optimized photoelectrochemical detection of essential drugs bearing phenolic groups Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
  Volume 91 Issue 15 Pages 9962-9969
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) model “List of Essential Medicines” includes among indispensable medicines antibacterials and pain and migraine relievers. Monitoring their concentration in the environment, while challenging, is important in the context of antibiotic resistance as well as their production of highly toxic compounds via hydrolysis. Traditional detection methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or LC combined with tandem mass spectrometry or UV-vis spectroscopy are time-consuming, have a high cost, require skilled operators and are difficult to adapt for field operations. In contrast, (electrochemical) sensors have elicited interest because of their rapid response, high selectivity, and sensitivity as well as potential for on-site detection. Previously, we reported a novel sensor system based on a type II photosensitizer, which combines the advantages of enzymatic sensors (high sensitivity) and photoelectrochemical sensors (easy baseline subtraction). Under red-light illumination, the photosensitizer produces singlet oxygen which oxidizes phenolic compounds present in the sample. The subsequent reduction of the oxidized phenolic compounds at the electrode surface gives rise to a quantifiable photocurrent and leads to the generation of a redox cycle. Herein we report the optimization in terms of pH and applied potential of the photoelectrochemical detection of the hydrolysis product of paracetamol, i.e., 4-aminophenol (4-AP), and two antibacterials, namely, cefadroxil (CFD, beta-lactam antibiotic) and doxycycline (DXC, tetracycline antibiotic). The optimized conditions resulted in a detection limit of 0.2 mu mol L-1 for DXC, but in a 10 times higher sensitivity, 20 nmol L-1, for CFD. An even higher sensitivity, 7 nmol L-1, was noted for 4-AP.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000480499200086 Publication Date 2019-06-25
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 2 Open Access
  Notes ; FWO and UA-BOF are acknowledged for financial support. The Center for Functional Materials of Seton Hall University is thanked for support (S.M.G. and E.N.C.). Joren Van Loon is thanked for the graphical abstract. This research was supported by the medium scale research infrastructure funding Hercules funding (SEM). ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:161831 Serial 5763
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Author Alvarez-Martin, A.; Cleland, T.P.; Kavich, G.M.; Janssens, K.; Newsome, G.A.
  Title Rapid evaluation of the debromination mechanism of eosin in oil paint by direct analysis in real time and direct infusion-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
  Volume 91 Issue 16 Pages 10856-10863
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract Eosin is a synthetic organic colorant prone to fading under the influence of light. On the basis of the growing interest in the understanding of the discoloration mechanism of eosin-based lakes, this study compares the ability of two ultrafast and ultrasensitive mass spectrometry techniques to detect eosin derivatives in complex matrices, such as oil media without the use of conventional separation columns or additional sample preparation protocols. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) and direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) were used to characterize the degradation pathway of eosin in oil media. The analysis protocols developed in this study are applied to discern the degradation mechanism of the lake pigment eosin (comprising the molecule per se complexed to an inorganic substrate) dispersed in linseed oil to create an oil paint. The analysis of oil paints by high resolution MS without an extraction methodology that modifies the system chemistry allowed us to identify the degradation forms without causing any additional fragmentation. Both techniques revealed the primary photodegradation pathway of eosin in linseed oil, and DI-ESI-MS provided additional information on the native conformation of the lake.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000482545300069 Publication Date 2019-07-30
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 3 Open Access
  Notes ; The authors would like to acknowledge the SolarPaint project (GOA program, Antwerp University Research Council) and Smithsonian Institution for financial support. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:162879 Serial 5800
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Author Terzano, R.; Denecke, M.A.; Falkenberg, G.; Miller, B.; Paterson, D.; Janssens, K.
  Title Recent advances in analysis of trace elements in environmental samples by X-ray based techniques (IUPAC Technical Report) Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Pure and applied chemistry Abbreviated Journal Pure Appl Chem
  Volume 91 Issue 6 Pages 1029-1063
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract Trace elements analysis is a fundamental challenge in environmental sciences. Scientists measure trace elements in environmental media in order to assess the quality and safety of ecosystems and to quantify the burden of anthropogenic pollution. Among the available analytical techniques, X-ray based methods are particularly powerful, as they can quantify trace elements in situ. Chemical extraction is not required, as is the case for many other analytical techniques. In the last few years, the potential for X-ray techniques to be applied in the environmental sciences has dramatically increased due to developments in laboratory instruments and synchrotron radiation facilities with improved sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this report, we summarize the principles of the X-ray based analytical techniques most frequently employed to study trace elements in environmental samples. We report on the most recent developments in laboratory and synchrotron techniques, as well as advances in instrumentation, with a special attention on X-ray sources, detectors, and optics. Lastly, we inform readers on recent applications of X-ray based analysis to different environmental matrices, such as soil, sediments, waters, wastes, living organisms, geological samples, and atmospheric particulate, and we report examples of sample preparation.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000471262400011 Publication Date 2019-05-21
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0033-4545 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 2.626 Times cited 3 Open Access
  Notes ; This document was developed as a part of IUPAC, Funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.13039/100006987, Project #2016-019-2-600 “Trace elements analysis of environmental samples with X-rays: from synchrotron to lab and from lab to synchrotron” led by Roberto Terzano (Task Group Chair). Task Group Members for this project were: Melissa Anne Denecke, Gerald Falkenberg, Armin Gross, Koen Janssens, Bradley Miller, David Paterson, Ryan Tappero, Fang-Jie Zhao. Their contribution to the project is gratefully acknowledged. ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.626
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:161369 Serial 5803
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Author Moro, G.; Cristofori, D.; Bottari, F.; Cattaruzza, E.; De Wael, K.; Moretto, L.M.
  Title Redesigning an electrochemical MIP sensor for PFOS : practicalities and pitfalls Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal Sensors-Basel
  Volume 19 Issue 20 Pages 4433
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract There is a growing interest in the technological transfer of highly performing electrochemical sensors within portable analytical devices for the in situ monitoring of environmental contaminants, such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). In the redesign of biomimetic sensors, many parameters should be taken into account from the working conditions to the electrode surface roughness. A complete characterization of the surface modifiers can help to avoid time-consuming optimizations and better interpret the sensor responses. In the present study, a molecularly imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor (MIP) for PFOS optimized on gold disk electrodes was redesigned on commercial gold screen-printed electrodes. However, its performance investigated by differential pulse voltammetry was found to be poor. Before proceeding with further optimization, a morphological study of the bare and modified electrode surfaces was carried out by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometry revealing an heterogeneous distribution of the polymer strongly influenced by the electrode roughness. The high content of fluorine of the target-template molecule allowed to map the distribution of the molecularly imprinted polymer before the template removal and to define a characterization protocol. This case study shows the importance of a multi-analytical characterization approach and identify significant parameters to be considered in similar redesigning studies.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000497864700081 Publication Date 2019-10-14
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1424-8220 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 2.677 Times cited Open Access
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.677
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:164686 Serial 5808
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Author De Jong, M.; Sleegers, N.; Florea, A.; Van Loon, J.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; Samyn, N.; De Wael, K.
  Title Unraveling the mechanisms behind the complete suppression of cocaine electrochemical signals by chlorpromazine, promethazine, procaine, and dextromethorphan Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
  Volume 91 Issue 24 Pages 15453-15460
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre; Product development
  Abstract The present work investigates the challenges accompanied by the electrochemical cocaine detection in physiological conditions (pH 7) in the presence of chlorpromazine, promethazine, procaine, and dextromethorphan, frequently used cutting agents in cocaine street samples. The problem translates into the absence of the cocaine oxidation signal (signal suppression) when in a mixture with one of these compounds, leading to false negative results. Although a solution to this problem was provided through earlier experiments of our group, the mechanisms behind the suppression are now fundamentally investigated via electrochemical and liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) strategies. The latter was used to confirm the passivation of the electrodes due to their interaction with promethazine and chlorpromazine. Electron transfer mechanisms were further identified via linear sweep voltammetry. Next, adsorption experiments were performed on the graphite screen printed electrodes both with and without potential assistance in order to confirm if the suppression of the cocaine signals is due to passivation induced by the cutting agents or their oxidized products. The proposed strategies allowed us to identify the mechanisms of cocaine suppression for each cutting agent mentioned. Suppression due to procaine and dextromethorphan is caused by fouling of the electrode surface by their oxidized forms, while for chlorpromazine and promethazine the suppression of the cocaine signal is related to the strong adsorption of these (nonoxidized) cutting agents onto the graphite electrode surface. These findings provide fundamental insights in possible suppression and other interfering mechanisms using electrochemistry in general not only in the drug detection sector.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000503910600018 Publication Date 2019-11-14
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited Open Access
  Notes ; The authors acknowledge financial support from IOF-SBO/POC (UAntwerp) and the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) Flanders, Grant 1S 37658 17N. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:165727 Serial 5887
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Author Gonzalez, V.; Cotte, M.; Vanmeert, F.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.
  Title X-ray diffraction mapping for cultural heritage science : a review of experimental configurations and applications Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Chemistry: a European journal Abbreviated Journal Chem-Eur J
  Volume 26 Issue 26 Pages 1703-1719
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract X-ray diffraction (XRD) mapping consists in the acquisition of XRD patterns at each pixel (or voxel) of an area (or volume). The spatial resolution ranges from the micrometer (mu XRD) to the millimeter (MA-XRD) scale, making the technique relevant for tiny samples up to large objects. Although XRD is primarily used for the identification of different materials in (complex) mixtures, additional information regarding the crystallite size, their orientation, and their in-depth distribution can also be obtained. Through mapping, these different types of information can be located on the studied sample/object. Cultural heritage objects are usually highly heterogeneous, and contain both original and later (degradation, conservation) materials. Their structural characterization is required both to determine ancient manufacturing processes and to evaluate their conservation state. Together with other mapping techniques, XRD mapping is increasingly used for these purposes. Here, the authors review applications as well as the various configurations for XRD mapping (synchrotron/laboratory X-ray source, poly-/monochromatic beam, micro/macro beam, 2D/3D, transmission/reflection mode). On-going hardware and software developments will further establish the technique as a key tool in heritage science.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000501927300001 Publication Date 2019-10-14
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0947-6539 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 5.317 Times cited Open Access
  Notes ; M.C. thanks the KNAW for supporting her stays in the Netherlands through the Descartes Huygens price. V.G. and M.C. thank the Center of Research and Restoration of French Museums (C2RMF), Paris and in particular Myriam Eveno, for the collaboration on Rembrandt's impastos (Figure 7). M.C. is indebted to the Afghan government, NRICPT and in particular, Yoko Taniguchi for providing samples shown in Figure 5. K.J. and F.V. acknowledge the University of Antwerp Research Council for financial support via GOA project SolarPaint as well as InterReg project Smart*Light. FWO projects G057419N and G056619N are also acknowledged. The authors also wish to acknowledge the Van Gogh and Kroller-Muller museums, the Rijksmuseum, the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp and the Louvre museum for the constructive and inspiring collaborations in the past decade. Various beam lines and the staff at ESRF and DESY are thanked for providing beam time and support during experiments. ; Approved Most recent IF: 5.317
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:165061 Serial 5911
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Author Van Hal, M.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Yang, X.-Y.; Lenaerts, S.; Tytgat, T.
  Title Image analysis and in situ FTIR as complementary detection tools for photocatalytic soot oxidation Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Chemical engineering journal Abbreviated Journal Chem Eng J
  Volume 367 Issue 367 Pages 269-277
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
  Abstract Air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM), is an increasingly urgent problem in urban environments, causing both short and long-term health problems, climate interference and aesthetical problems due to building fouling. Photocatalysis has been shown to be a possible solution to that end. In this work two complementary detection methods for photocatalytic soot oxidation are studied and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. First, a colour-based digital image analysis method is drastically improved towards an accurate, detailed and straightforward detection tool, that enables simultaneous measurement of the degradation of different grades of soot fouling (for instance a shallow soot haze versus condensed soot deposits). In the next part, a second soot oxidation detection method is presented based on in situ FTIR spectroscopy. This method has the additional advantage of providing more insight into the photocatalytic soot degradation process by monitoring both gaseous and adsorbed intermediates as well as reaction products while the reactions are ongoing. As an illustration, the proposed detection strategies were applied on four different commercially available and synthesized photocatalytic materials. The digital image analysis showed that P25 (Evonik) is the fastest photocatalytic soot degrader of all studied materials for both a uniform soot haze as well as concentrated soot spots. Application of the in situ method showed that for all studied materials adsorbed formate-related surface species were formed and that commercially available ZnO nanopowder has the highest specificity towards complete mineralization into CO2. With this we aim to provide a set of complementary experimental tools for the convenient, reliable, realistic and standardised detection of photocatalytic soot degradation.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000461380400028 Publication Date 2019-02-23
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1385-8947; 1873-3212 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 6.216 Times cited 1 Open Access
  Notes ; M.V.H. acknowledges the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) for a doctoral fellowship. M.V.H., S.W.V., S.L. and X-Y.Y. thank the FWO and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for funding an international collaboration project. Mr. M. Minjauw is greatly thanked for his help in the AFM measurements. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.216
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:157789 Serial 5958
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Author Billet, J.; Vandewalle, S.; Meire, M.; Blommaerts, N.; Lommens, P.; Verbruggen, S.W.; De Buysser, K.; Du Prez, F.; Van Driesche, I.
  Title Mesoporous TiO2 from poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-b-polystyrene block copolymers for long-term acetaldehyde photodegradation Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Journal of materials science Abbreviated Journal J Mater Sci
  Volume 55 Issue 55 Pages 1933-1945
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
  Abstract Although already some mesoporous (2–50 nm) sol–gel TiO2 synthesis strategies exist, no pore size control beyond the 12 nm range is possible without using specialized organic structure-directing agents synthetized via controlled anionic/radical polymerizations. Here, we present the use of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization as a straightforward and industrial applicable alternative to the existing controlled polymerization methods for structure-directing agent synthesis. Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-block-polystyrene (PDMA-b-PS) block copolymer, synthesized via RAFT, was chosen as structure-directing agent for the formation of the mesoporous TiO2. Crack-free thin layers TiO2 with tunable pores from 8 to 45 nm could be acquired. For the first time, in a detailed and systematic approach, the influence of the block size and dispersity of the block copolymer is experimentally screened for their influence on the final meso-TiO2 layers. As expected, the mesoporous TiO2 pore sizes showed a clear correlation to the polystyrene block size and the dispersity of the PDMA-b-PS block copolymer. Surprisingly, the dispersity of the polymer was shown not to be affecting the standard deviation of the pores. As a consequence, RAFT could be seen as a viable alternative to the aforementioned controlled polymerization reactions for the synthesis of structure-directing agents enabling the formation of mesoporous pore size-controlled TiO2. To examine the photocatalytic activity of the mesoporous TiO2 thin layers, the degradation of acetaldehyde, a known indoor pollutant, was studied. Even after 3 years of aging, the TiO2 thin layer retained most of its activity.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000494929300001 Publication Date 2019-11-05
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0022-2461 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 2.599 Times cited 2 Open Access
  Notes ; Ghent University is acknowledged for funding the research presented in this paper. M. Meire and S. W. Verbruggen acknowledge the FWO-Flanders (Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders) for financial support. The authors thank Bernhard De Meyer for the SEC analysis, Hannes Rijckaert for the cross-sectional analysis, Tom Planckaert for BET analysis of the meso-TiO<INF>2</INF> powders, Jeroen Kint for the porosiellipsometry tests and Frank Driessen for the MALDI-TOF analysis. ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.599
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:163842 Serial 5969
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Author Van Schoubroeck, S.; Springael, J.; Van Dael, M.; Malina, R.; Van Passel, S.
  Title Sustainability indicators for biobased chemicals : a Delphi study using multi-criteria decision analysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Resources Conservation And Recycling Abbreviated Journal Resour Conserv Recy
  Volume 144 Issue 144 Pages 198-208
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
  Abstract Biobased chemistry has gained interest and has the potential to tackle some of the sustainability challenges the chemical industry must endure. Sustainability impacts need to be evaluated and monitored to highlight the advantages and pitfalls of different biobased routes over the entire product life cycle. This study aims for expert consensus concerning indicators needed and preferred for sustainability analysis of biobased chemicals in Europe. Experts are consulted by means of a Delphi method with stakeholders selected from three core groups: the private, public and academic sector. Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) is performed to gather data on the prioritization of the sustainability indicators per respondent. Afterwards, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is used to develop a consensus ranking among the experts. The results show that GHG emissions, market potential and acceptance of biobased materials are deemed the most crucial indicators for respectively environmental, economic and social sustainability. Expert consensus is positive in all three sustainability domains, with the strongest consensus measured for environmental sustainability showing a median Kendalls τ of 0.63 (τ ranging from -1 to 1) and the weakest consensus found within social sustainability showing a median Kendalls τ of 0.50. Further research can apply the ranked indicators on specific case studies to evaluate the practicability of the defined indicator set.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
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  Language Wos 000461534800021 Publication Date 2019-02-01
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0921-3449 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 3.313 Times cited 4 Open Access
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.313
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:156929 Serial 6255
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Author Creemers, S.; Van Passel, S.; Vigani, M.; Vlahos, G.
  Title Relationship between farmers' perception of sustainability and future farming strategies : a commodity-level comparison Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication AIMS Agriculture and Food Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 4 Issue 3 Pages 613-642
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM)
  Abstract The environmental challenges have become increasingly integrated into the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The Europe 2020 CAP Framework defines new rules for farmers and targets on innovation, resource efficiency, economic viability, and environmental sustainability. Given the continual evolution of the CAP, it is relevant to focus on sustainable agriculture and which indicators can be employed to aid our understanding of the future farming strategies. This study examines the relationship between perceived sustainability and future farming strategies for three different commodities: sugar beet, dairy, and feta cheese. Survey data collected between 2017-2018 from 191 Belgian sugar beet farmers, 524 dairy farmers (from UK, Denmark, France, and Latvia), and 150 Greek sheep and goat farmers producing milk for feta cheese were analysed using multinomial logistic regressions. Our results show that the farmers' attitude towards sustainability affects intentions to implement specific farming strategies. Belgian sugar beet farmers who perceive their supply chain arrangements (SCAs) environmentally sustainable are less likely to reduce the scale of their farms' operations rather than to maintain them. Dairy farmers are more likely to change the existing scale than to maintain scale if they perceive that production choices affect environmental sustainability to a higher extent. Dairy farmers who perceive their SCAs economically sustainable are less likely to abandon farming. Greek sheep and goat farmers who perceive their SCAs economically sustainable are more likely to expand the existing scale. The observed differences at commodity-level show the importance of well targeted policy measures towards more sustainable farming systems in the European Union.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000488251600009 Publication Date 2019-08-08
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 2471-2086 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record
  Impact Factor Times cited 1 Open Access
  Notes ; This research was performed within the frame of the EU's HORIZON 2020 project SUFISA with the grant agreement number 635577. The authors want to thank colleagues from the SUFISA project for stimulating and inspiring discussions on this topic. In particular we would like to thank all the participants of the 2019 SUFISA final conference at the Jagiellonian University of Krakow for fruitful discussions. ; Approved Most recent IF: NA
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:163832 Serial 6242
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Author Thomassen, G.; Van Dael, M.; You, F.; Van Passel, S.
  Title A multi-objective optimization-extended techno-economic assessment : exploring the optimal microalgal-based value chain Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Green Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Green Chem
  Volume 21 Issue 21 Pages 5945-5959
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
  Abstract The use of fossil-based products induces a large environmental burden. To lighten this burden, green technologies are required that can replace their fossil-based counterparts. To enable the development of economically viable green technologies, an optimization towards both economic and environmental objectives is required. To perform this multi-objective optimization (MOO), the environmental techno-economic assessment (ETEA) methodology is extended towards a MOO-extended ETEA. The development of this MOO-extended ETEA is the main objective of this manuscript. As an example of a green technology, the concept of microalgae biorefineries is used as a case study to illustrate the MOO-extended ETEA. According to the results, all optimal value chains include open pond cultivation, a membrane for medium recycling and spray drying. The optimal economic value chain uses Nannochloropsis sp. in a one-stage cultivation to produce fish larvae feed, while the optimal environmental design uses Dunaliella salina or Haematococcus pluvialis to produce carotenoids and fertilizer or energy products, by means of anaerobic digestion or gasification. The crucial parameters for both environmental and economic feasibility are the content, price and reference impact of the main end product, the growth parameters and the biomass and carotenoid recovery efficiency alongside the different process steps. By identifying the economic and environmentally optimal algal-based value chain and the crucial drivers, the MOO-extended ETEA provides insights on how algae-based value chains can be developed in the most economic and environmentally-friendly way. For example, the inclusion of a medium recycling step to lower the water and salt consumption is required in all Pareto-optimal scenarios. Another major insight is the requirement of high-value products such as carotenoids or specialty food to obtain and economically and environmentally feasible algal-based value chain. Due to the modular nature of the MOO-extended ETEA, multiple processes can be included or excluded from the superstructure. Although this case study is limited to current microalgae biorefinery technologies, the MOO-extended ETEA can also be used to assess the economic and environmental effect of more innovative technologies. This way, the MOO-extended ETEA provides a methodology to assess the economic and environmental potential of innovative green technologies and shorten their time-to-market.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000493077100016 Publication Date 2019-10-01
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1463-9262; 1463-9270 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 9.125 Times cited 1 Open Access
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 9.125
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:164296 Serial 6230
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Author Moretti, M.; Van Passel, S.; Camposeo, S.; Pedrero, F.; Dogot, T.; Lebailly, P.; Vivaldi, G.A.
  Title Modelling environmental impacts of treated municipal wastewater reuse for tree crops irrigation in the Mediterranean coastal region Type A1 Journal article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication Science Of The Total Environment Abbreviated Journal Sci Total Environ
  Volume 660 Issue 660 Pages 1513-1521
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
  Abstract Wastewater reuse provides valuable solutions to solve the societal challenges of decreasing availability and limiting access to secure water resources. The present study quantifies the environmental performance of nectarine orchards irrigation using treated municipal wastewater (TMW) and surface water using a unique dataset based on field experimental data. Climate change, toxicity (for human and freshwater), eutrophication (marine and freshwater) and acidification impacts were analysed using the impact assessment method suggested by the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD). The water footprint associated to the life cycles of each system has been estimated using the Available WAter REmaining (AWARE) method. Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess data uncertainty. The irrigation of nectarine orchards using TMW performs better than the irrigation using surface water for eutrophication impact categories. Compared with surface water resources, the potential impacts of TMW reuse in agriculture on climate change and toxicity are affected by the wastewater treatment phase (WWT). Only eutrophication and acidification burdens are generated by in-field substitution of surface water with TMW. Considering human and ecosystem water demand, the irrigation with TMW increases water consumption of 19.12 m3 per kg of nectarine produced. Whereas, it shows a positive contribution to water stress (−0.19 m3) if only human water demand is considered. This study provides important results that allow for a better understanding of the potential environmental consequences of TMW reuse in agriculture. It suggests that embracing the type of WWTs, the replacement of fertilizers, the effects on water scarcity and ecosystem quality might be useful to redefine water reuse regulations and increase public acceptance for the reuse of TMW in agriculture. Moreover, this study reveals the need for developing consensus and standardized guidance for life cycle analysis of water reuse applications.
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  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000457725700145 Publication Date 2019-01-06
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 4.9 Times cited 4 Open Access
  Notes ; The authors would like to thank the EU, MIUR and FNRS for funding, in the frame of the collaborative international Consortium DESERT financed under the ERA-NET WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call. This ERA-NET is an integral part of the 2015 Joint Activities developed by the “Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI)”. G.A. Vivaldi would like to thank also the Regione Puglia for the support from the “Fondo di Sviluppo e Coesione” 2007-2013 – APQ Ricerca Regione Puglia “Programma regionale a sostegno della specializzazione intelligente e della sostenibilita sociale ed ambientale – FutureInResearch”. ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.9
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:156931 Serial 6227
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