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Author Bertoni, G.; Verbeeck, J.
Title Accuracy and precision in model based EELS quantification Type A1 Journal article
Year 2008 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 108 Issue 8 Pages 782-790
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract We present results on model based quantification of electron energy loss spectra (EELS), focusing on the factors that influence accuracy and precision in determining chemical concentrations. Several sources of systematical errors are investigated. The spectrometer entrance aperture determines the collection angle, and the effects of its position with respect to the transmitted beam are investigated, taking into account the diffraction by the crystal structure. The effect of the orientation of the sample is tested experimentally and theoretically on SrTiO3, and finally, a simulated experiment on c-BN at different thicknesses confirms the superior results of the model based method with respect to the conventional method. A test on a set of experimental reference compounds is presented, showing that remarkably good accuracy can be obtained. Recommendations are given to achieve high accuracy and precision in practice. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000258241900010 Publication Date 2008-02-22
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 44 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2008 IF: 2.629
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:70550UA @ admin @ c:irua:70550 Serial 42
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Author Verbeeck, J.; Bertoni, G.; Schattschneider, P.
Title The Fresnel effect of a defocused biprism on the fringes in inelastic holography Type A1 Journal article
Year 2008 Publication Ultramicroscopy T2 – 16th International Microscopy Congress, SEP 03-08, 2006, Sapporo, JAPAN Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 108 Issue 3 Pages 263-269
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract We present energy filtered holography experiments on a thin foil of Al. By propagating the reduced density matrix of the probe electron through the microscope, we quantitatively predict the fringe contrast as a function of energy loss. Fringe contrast simulations include the effect of Fresnel fringes created at the edges of the defocused biprism, the effect of partial coherence in combination with inelastic scattering, and the effect of a finite energy distribution of the incoming beam. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000253389100011 Publication Date 2007-11-02
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 15 Open Access
Notes Fwo G.0147.06; Esteem 026019 Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2008 IF: 2.629
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:104035 Serial 3582
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Author Verbeeck, J.; Bertoni, G.
Title Model-based quantification of EELS spectra: treating the effect of correlated noise Type A1 Journal article
Year 2008 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 108 Issue 2 Pages 74-83
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract Correlated noise is generally present in experimentally recorded electron energy loss spectra due to a non-ideal electron detector. In this contribution we describe a method to experimentally measure the noise properties of the detector as well as the consequences it has for model-based quantification using maximum likelihood. The effect of the correlated noise on the maximum likelihood fitting results can be shown to be negligible for the estimated (co)variance of the parameters while an experimentally obtained scaling factor is required to correct the likelihood ratio test for the reduction of noise power with frequency. Both effects are derived theoretically under a set of approximations and tested for a range of signal-to-noise values using numerical experiments. Finally, an experimental example shows that the correction for correlated noise is essential and should always be included in the fitting procedure. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000252816900002 Publication Date 2007-03-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 16 Open Access
Notes FWO nr G.0147.06; ESTEEM 026019 Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2008 IF: 2.629
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:67602UA @ admin @ c:irua:67602 Serial 2103
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Author Potapov, P.L.; Verbeeck, J.; Schattschneider, P.; Lichte, H.; van Dyck, D.
Title Inelastic electron holography as a variant of the Feynman thought experiment Type A1 Journal article
Year 2007 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 107 Issue 8 Pages 559-567
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Abstract Using a combination of electron holography and energy filtering, interference fringes produced after inelastic interaction of electrons with hydrogen molecules are examined. Surprisingly, the coherence of inelastic scattering increases when moving from the surface of a hydrogen-containing bubble to the vacuum. This phenomenon can be understood in terms of the Feynman two-slit thought experiment with a variable ambiguity of the which-way registration. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000246937000001 Publication Date 2006-12-16
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 13 Open Access
Notes Fwo G.0147.06 Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2007 IF: 1.996
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:103588UA @ admin @ c:irua:103588 Serial 1605
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Author Potapov, P.; Lichte, H.; Verbeeck, J.; van Dyck, D.
Title Experiments on inelastic electron holography Type A1 Journal article
Year 2006 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 106 Issue 11-12 Pages 1012-1018
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Abstract Using the combination of an electron biprism and an energy filter, the coherence distribution in an inelastically scattered wave-field is measured. It is found that the degree of coherence decreases rapidly with increasing distance between two superimposed points in the object, and with increasing energy-loss. In a Si sample, coherence of plasmon scattering increases in vacuum with the distance from the edge of the sample. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000241592900009 Publication Date 2006-07-07
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 28 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2006 IF: 1.706
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:61380UA @ admin @ c:irua:61380 Serial 1147
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Author Verbeeck, J.; Van Aert, S.; Bertoni, G.
Title Model-based quantification of EELS spectra: including the fine structure Type A1 Journal article
Year 2006 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 106 Issue 11-12 Pages 976-980
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract An extension to model-based electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) quantification is reported to improve the possibility of modelling fine structure changes in electron energy loss spectra. An equalisation function is used in the energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) region to model the differences between a single atom differential cross section and the cross section for an atom in a crystal. The equalisation function can be shown to approximate the relative density of unoccupied states for the given excitation edge. On a set of 200 experimental h-BN spectra, this technique leads to statistically acceptable models resulting into unbiased estimates of relative concentrations and making the estimated precisions come very close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The method greatly expands the useability of model-based EELS quantification to spectra with pronounced fine structure. Another benefit of this model is that one also gets an estimate of the unoccupied density of states for a given excitation edge, without having to do background removal and deconvolution, making the outcome intrinsically more reliable and less noisy. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000241592900004 Publication Date 2006-07-04
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 38 Open Access
Notes Goa; Fwo Iap-V Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2006 IF: 1.706
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:61379UA @ admin @ c:irua:61379 Serial 2102
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Author Van Aert, S.; Geuens, P.; van Dyck, D.; Kisielowski, C.; Jinschek, J.R.
Title Electron channelling based crystallography Type A1 Journal article
Year 2007 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 107 Issue 6/7 Pages 551-558
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000245341300015 Publication Date 2006-12-13
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 32 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2007 IF: 1.996
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:64286 Serial 913
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Author Radtke, G.; Botton, G.A.; Verbeeck, J.
Title Electron inelastic, scattering and anisotropy: the two-dimensional point of view Type A1 Journal article
Year 2006 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 106 Issue 11-12 Pages 1082-1090
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract The measurement of the electronic structure of anisotropic materials using energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) spectroscopy is an important field of microanalysis in transmission electron microscopy. We present a novel method to study the angular dependence of electron inelastic scattering in anisotropic materials. This method has been applied to the study of 1s -> pi* and sigma* transitions on the carbon K edge in pyrolitic graphite. An excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical two-dimensional scattering patterns has been found. In particular, the need of a fully relativistic calculation of the inelastic scattering cross-section to explain the experimental results is demonstrated. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000241592900018 Publication Date 2006-07-04
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 5 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2006 IF: 1.706
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:61381UA @ admin @ c:irua:61381 Serial 936
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Author Croitoru, M.D.; van Dyck, D.; Van Aert, S.; Bals, S.; Verbeeck, J.
Title An efficient way of including thermal diffuse scattering in simulation of scanning transmission electron microscopic images Type A1 Journal article
Year 2006 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 106 Issue 10 Pages 933-940
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Vision lab
Abstract We propose an improved image simulation procedure for atomic-resolution annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) based on the multislice formulation, which takes thermal diffuse scattering fully into account. The improvement with regard to the classical frozen phonon approach is realized by separating the lattice configuration statistics from the dynamical scattering so as to avoid repetitive calculations. As an example, the influence of phonon scattering on the image contrast is calculated and investigated. STEM image simulation of crystals can be applied with reasonable computing times to problems involving a large number of atoms and thick or large supercells.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000240397200006 Publication Date 2006-05-10
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 18 Open Access
Notes Fwo; Fwo-V Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2006 IF: 1.706
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87604UA @ admin @ c:irua:87604 Serial 876
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Author Bertoni, G.; Beyers, E.; Verbeeck, J.; Mertens, M.; Cool, P.; Vansant, E.F.; Van Tendeloo, G.
Title Quantification of crystalline and amorphous content in porous TiO2 samples from electron energy loss spectroscopy Type A1 Journal article
Year 2006 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 106 Issue 7 Pages 630-635
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
Abstract We present an efficient method for the quantification of crystalline versus amorphous phase content in mesoporous materials, making use of electron energy loss spectroscopy. The method is based on fitting a superposition of core-loss edges using the maximum likelihood method with measured reference spectra. We apply the method to mesoporous TiO2 samples. We show that the absolute amount of the crystalline phase can be determined with an accuracy below 5%. This method takes also the amorphous phase into account, where standard X-ray diffraction is only quantitative for crystalline phases and not for amorphous phase. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000238479300011 Publication Date 2006-04-28
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 83 Open Access
Notes Iap-V; Goa-2005; Fwo Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2006 IF: 1.706
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:58823UA @ admin @ c:irua:58823 Serial 2741
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Author Verbeeck, J.
Title Interpretation of “Energy-filtered electron-diffracted beam holography” by R.A. Herring Type A1 Journal article
Year 2006 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 106 Issue 6 Pages 461-465
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract A straightforward application of the theoretical framework presented by Verbeeck et al. [Ultramicroscopy 102 (2005) 239] is presented to explain the energy-filtered electron-diffracted beam holography experiments published by Herring [Ultramicroscopy 104 (2005) 261]. It is shown that the theory is in agreement with all experimental findings, which leads to the interpretation that the experiments are mainly measuring the angular coherence of the source image rather than exposing details on the coherence properties of inelastic scattering. A change in experimental parameters is proposed, which could result in interesting information about the coherence in all inelastic scattering process. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000237491600002 Publication Date 2006-01-18
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 8 Open Access
Notes Fwo Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2006 IF: 1.706
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:58283UA @ admin @ c:irua:58283 Serial 1710
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Author van den Broek, W.; Verbeeck, J.; de Backer, S.; Scheunders, P.; Schryvers, D.
Title Acquisition of the EELS data cube by tomographic reconstruction Type A1 Journal article
Year 2006 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 106 Issue 4/5 Pages 269-276
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Abstract Energy filtered TEM, EFTEM, provides three-dimensional data, two spatial and one spectral dimension. We propose to acquire these data by measuring a series of images with a defocused energy filter. It will be shown that each image is a projection of the data on the detector and that reconstruction of the data out of a sufficient number of such projections using a tomographic reconstruction algorithm is possible. This technique uses only a fraction of the electron dose an energy filtered series (EFS) needs for the same spectral and spatial resolution and the same mean signal-to-noise ratio. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000236042300003 Publication Date 2005-11-30
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 6 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2006 IF: 1.706
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:56910UA @ admin @ c:irua:56910 Serial 55
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Author Kruse, P.; Schowalter, M.; Lamoen, D.; Rosenauer, A.; Gerthsen, D.
Title Determination of the mean inner potential in III-V semiconductors, Si and Ge by density functional theory and electron holography Type A1 Journal article
Year 2006 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 106 Issue 2 Pages 105-113
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT);
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000234535900005 Publication Date 2005-07-29
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 50 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2006 IF: 1.706
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:56143 Serial 678
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Author Bals, S.; Kilaas, R.; Kisielowski, C.
Title Nonlinear imaging using annular dark field TEM Type A1 Journal article
Year 2005 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 104 Issue 3/4 Pages 281-289
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract Annular dark field TEM images exhibit a dominant mass-thickness contrast that can be quantified to extract single atom scattering cross sections. On top of this incoherent background, additional lattice fringes appear with a nonlinear information limit of 1.2 angstrom at 150 kV. The formation of these fringes is described by coherent nonlinear imaging theory and good agreement is found between experimental and simulated images. Calculations furthermore predict that the use of aberration corrected microscopes will improve the image quality dramatically. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000231297100012 Publication Date 2005-06-16
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 15 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2005 IF: 2.490
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:64685 Serial 2352
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Author Van Aert, S.; den Dekker, A.J.; van den Bos, A.; van Dyck, D.; Chen, J.H.
Title Maximum likelihood estimation of structure parameters from high resolution electron microscopy images : part 2 : a practical example Type A1 Journal article
Year 2005 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 104 Issue 2 Pages 107-125
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000230526400002 Publication Date 2005-04-08
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 37 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2005 IF: 2.490
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:57131 Serial 1960
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Author den Dekker, A.J.; Van Aert, S.; van den Bos, A.; van Dyck, D.
Title Maximum likelihood estimation of structure parameters from high resolution electron microscopy images: part 1: a theoretical framework Type A1 Journal article
Year 2005 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 104 Issue 2 Pages 83-106
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000230526400001 Publication Date 2005-04-09
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 70 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2005 IF: 2.490
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:57229 Serial 1959
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Verbeeck, J.; van Dyck, D.; Lichte, H.; Potapov, P.; Schattschneider, P.
Title Plasmon holographic experiments: theoretical framework Type A1 Journal article
Year 2005 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 102 Issue 3 Pages 239-255
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Abstract A theoretical framework is described to understand the results of plasmon holography experiments leading to insight in the meaning of the experimental results and pointing out directions for future experiments. The framework is based on the formalism of mutual intensity to describe how coherence is transferred through an optical system. For the inelastic interaction with the object, an expression for the volume. plasmon excitations in a free electron gas is used as a model for the behaviour of aluminium. The formalism leads to a clear graphical intuitive tool for under-standing the experiments. It becomes evident that the measured coherence is solely related to the angular distribution of the plasmon scattering in the case of bulk plasmons. After describing the framework, the special case of coherence outside a spherical particle is treated and the seemingly controversial idea of a plasmon with a limited coherence length obtained front experiments is clarified. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000226436600010 Publication Date 2004-11-05
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 43 Open Access
Notes Fwo Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2005 IF: 2.490
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:57133UA @ admin @ c:irua:57133 Serial 2643
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Verbeeck, J.; Van Aert, S.
Title Model based quantification of EELS spectra Type A1 Journal article
Year 2004 Publication Ultramicroscopy Abbreviated Journal Ultramicroscopy
Volume 101 Issue 2/4 Pages 207-224
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract Recent advances in model based quantification of electron energy loss spectra (EELS) are reported. The maximum likelihood method for the estimation of physical parameters describing an EELS spectrum, the validation of the model used in this estimation procedure, and the computation of the attainable precision, that is, the theoretical lower bound on the variance of these estimates, are discussed. Experimental examples on An and GaAs samples show the power of the maximum likelihood method and show that the theoretical prediction of the attainable precision can be closely approached even for spectra with overlapping edges where conventional EELS quantification fails. To provide end-users with a low threshold alternative to conventional quantification, a user friendly program was developed which is freely available under a GNU public license. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000224046100016 Publication Date 2004-07-23
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0304-3991; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.843 Times cited 147 Open Access
Notes Fwo; Iuap P5/01 Approved Most recent IF: 2.843; 2004 IF: 2.215
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:57130UA @ admin @ c:irua:57130 Serial 2101
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Author Koch, K.; Ysebaert, T.; Denys, S.; Samson, R.
Title Urban heat stress mitigation potential of green walls: A review Type A1 Journal article
Year 2020 Publication Urban Forestry & Urban Greening Abbreviated Journal Urban For Urban Gree
Volume 55 Issue Pages 126843-13
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Abstract Cities with resilience to climate change appear to be a vision of the future, but are inevitable to ensure the quality of life for citizens and to avoid an increase in civilian mortality. Urban green infrastructure (UGI), with the focus on vertical green, poses a beneficial mitigation and adaptation strategy for challenges such as climate change through cooling effects on building and street level. This review article explores recent literature regarding this considerable topic and investigates how green walls can be applied to mitigate this problem. Summary tables (see additional information) and figures are presented that can be used by policy makers and researchers to make informed decisions when installing green walls in built-up environments. At last, knowledge gaps are uncovered that need further investigation to exploit the benefits at its best.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000593921600001 Publication Date 2020-09-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1618-8667 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 6.4 Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 6.4; 2020 IF: 2.113
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:172985 Serial 6650
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Author Forsh, E.A.; Abakumov, A.M.; Zaytsev, V.B.; Konstantinova, E.A.; Forsh, P.A.; Rumyantseva, M.N.; Gaskov, A.M.; Kashkarov, P.K.
Title Optical and photoelectrical properties of nanocrystalline indium oxide with small grains Type A1 Journal article
Year 2015 Publication Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films Abbreviated Journal Thin Solid Films
Volume 595 Issue 595 Pages 25-31
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract Optical properties, spectral dependence of photoconductivity and photoconductivity decay in nanocrystalline indium oxide In2O3 are studied. A number of nanostructured In2O3 samples with various nanocrystals size are prepared by sol-gel method and characterized using various techniques. The mean nanocrystals size varies from 7 to 8 nm to 39-41 nm depending on the preparation conditions. Structural characterization of the In2O3 samples is performed by means of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The combined analysis of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows that nanostructuring leads to the change in optical band gap: optical band gap of the In2O3 samples (with an average nanocrystal size from 7 to 41 nm) is equal to 2.8 eV. We find out the correlation between spectral dependence of photoconductivity and optical properties of nanocrystalline In2O3: sharp increase in photoconductivity was observed to begin at 2.8 eV that is equal to the optical bandgap in the In2O3 samples, and reached its maximum at 3.2-3.3 eV. The combined analysis of the slow photoconductivity decay in air, vacuum and argon, that was accurately fitted by a stretched-exponential function, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements shows that the kinetics of photoconductivity decay is strongly depended on the presence of oxygen molecules in the ambient of In2O3 nanocrystals. There is the quantitative correlation between EPR and photoconductivity data. Based on the obtained data we propose the model clearing up the phenomenon of permanent photoconductivity decay in nanocrystalline In2O3. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Lausanne Editor
Language Wos 000365812400005 Publication Date 2015-10-27
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0040-6090 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.879 Times cited 18 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.879; 2015 IF: 1.759
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:130254 Serial 4219
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Author Batuk, M.; Buffiere, M.; Zaghi, A.E.; Lenaers, N.; Verbist, C.; Khelifi, S.; Vleugels, J.; Meuris, M.; Hadermann, J.
Title Effect of the burn-out step on the microstructure of the solution-processed Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells Type A1 Journal article
Year 2015 Publication Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films Abbreviated Journal Thin Solid Films
Volume 583 Issue 583 Pages 142-150
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract For the development of the photovoltaic industry cheap methods for the synthesis of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGSe) based solar cells are required. In this work, CIGSe thin films were obtained by a solution-based method using oxygen-bearing derivatives. With the aimof improving the morphology of the printed CIGSe layers, we investigated two different annealing conditions of the precursor layer, consisting of (1) a direct selenization step (reference process), and (2) a pre-treatment thermal step prior to the selenization. We showed that the use of an Air/H2S burn-out step prior to the selenization step increases the CIGSe grain size and reduces the carbon content. However, it leads to the reduction of the solar cell efficiency from 4.5% in the reference sample down to 0.5% in the annealed sample. Detailed transmission electron microscopy analysis, including high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray mapping, was applied to characterize the microstructure of the film and to determine the relationship between microstructure and the solar cell performance. We demonstrated that the relatively low efficiency of the reference solar cells is related not only to the nanosize of the CIGSe grains and presence of the pores in the CIGSe layer, but also to the high amount of secondary phases, namely, In/Ga oxide (or hydroxide) amorphous matter, residuals of organicmatter (carbon), and copper sulfide that is formed at the CIGSe/MoSe2 interface. The annealing in H2S during the burn-out step leads to the formation of the copper sulfide at all grain boundaries and surfaces in the CIGSe layer, which results in the noticeably efficiency drop. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Lausanne Editor
Language Wos 000353812400024 Publication Date 2015-04-05
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0040-6090; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.879 Times cited 5 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.879; 2015 IF: 1.759
Call Number c:irua:126009 Serial 845
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Author Samani, M.K.; Ding, X.Z.; Khosravian, N.; Amin-Ahmadi, B.; Yi, Y.; Chen, G.; Neyts, E.C.; Bogaerts, A.; Tay, B.K.
Title Thermal conductivity of titanium nitride/titanium aluminum nitride multilayer coatings deposited by lateral rotating cathode arc Type A1 Journal article
Year 2015 Publication Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films Abbreviated Journal Thin Solid Films
Volume 578 Issue 578 Pages 133-138
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract A seriesof [TiN/TiAlN]nmultilayer coatingswith different bilayer numbers n=5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 were deposited on stainless steel substrate AISI 304 by a lateral rotating cathode arc technique in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. The composition and microstructure of the coatings have been analyzed by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). XRD analysis shows that the preferential orientation growth along the (111) direction is reduced in the multilayer coatings. TEM analysis reveals that the grain size of the coatings decreases with increasing bilayer number. HRTEMimaging of the multilayer coatings shows a high density misfit dislocation between the TiN and TiAlN layers. The cross-plane thermal conductivity of the coatings was measured by a pulsed photothermal reflectance technique. With increasing bilayer number, the multilayer coatings' thermal conductivity decreases gradually. This reduction of thermal conductivity can be ascribed to increased phonon scattering due to the disruption of columnar structure, reduced preferential orientation, decreased grain size of the coatings and present misfit dislocations at the interfaces.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Lausanne Editor
Language Wos 000351686500019 Publication Date 2015-02-21
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0040-6090; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.879 Times cited 41 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.879; 2015 IF: 1.759
Call Number c:irua:125517 Serial 3626
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Author Oueslati, S.; Brammertz, G.; Buffiere, M.; ElAnzeery, H.; Touayar, O.; Koeble, C.; Bekaert, J.; Meuris, M.; Poortmans, J.
Title Physical and electrical characterization of high-performance Cu2ZnSnSe4 based thin film solar cells Type A1 Journal article
Year 2015 Publication Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films Abbreviated Journal Thin Solid Films
Volume 582 Issue 582 Pages 224-228
Keywords A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Abstract We report on the electrical, optical and physical properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells using an absorber layer fabricated by selenization of sputtered Cu, Zn and Cu10Sn90 multilayers. A maximum active-area conversion efficiency of 10.4% under AM1.5G was measured with a maximum short circuit current density of 39.7 mA/cm(2), an open circuit voltage of 394 mV and a fill factor of 66.4%. We perform electrical and optical characterization using photoluminescence spectroscopy, external quantum efficiency, current-voltage and admittance versus temperature measurements in order to derive information about possible causes for the low open circuit voltage values observed. The main defects derived from these measurements are strong potential fluctuations in the absorber layer as well as a potential barrier of the order of 133 meV at the back side contact. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Lausanne Editor
Language Wos 000352225900048 Publication Date 2014-10-20
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0040-6090 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.879 Times cited 49 Open Access
Notes ; We would like to acknowledge Tom De Geyter, Greetje Godiers, and Guido Huyberechts from Flamac in Gent for sputtering of the metal layers. AGC is acknowledged for providing substrates. This research is partially funded by the Flemish government, Department Economy, Science and Innovation. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.879; 2015 IF: 1.759
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:132504 Serial 4225
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Author E. Zaghi, A.; Buffière, M.; Koo, J.; Brammertz, G.; Batuk, M.; Verbist, C.; Hadermann, J.; Kim, W.K.; Meuris, M.; Poortmans, J.; Vleugels, J.;
Title Effect of selenium content of CuInSex alloy nanopowder precursors on recrystallization of printed CuInSe2 absorber layers during selenization heat treatment Type A1 Journal article
Year 2014 Publication Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films Abbreviated Journal Thin Solid Films
Volume Issue Pages 1-7
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract Polycrystalline CuInSe2 semiconductors are efficient light absorber materials for thin film solar cell technology, whereas printing is one of the promising low cost and non-vacuum approaches for the fabrication of thin film solar cells. The printed precursors are transformed into a dense polycrystalline CuInSe2 semiconductor film via thermal treatment in ambient selenium atmosphere (selenization). In this study, the effect of the selenium content in high purity mechanically synthesized CuInSex (x = 2, 1.5, 1 or 0.5) alloy precursors on the recrystallization of the CuInSe2 phase during the selenization process was investigated. The nanostructure and phase variation of CuInSex nanopowders were investigated by different characterization techniques. The recrystallization process of the 12 μm thick CuInSex coatings into the CuInSe2 phase during selenization in selenium vapor was investigated via in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction. The CuInSex precursors with lower selenium content showed a more pronounced phase conversion into CuInSe2 compared to the higher selenium content CuInSex precursors. Moreover, the CuInSex (x = 0.5 and 1) precursor resulted in a denser polycrystalline CuInSe2 semiconductor film with larger crystals. This could be attributed to a more intensive atomic interdiffusion within the CuInSex precursor system compared to a CuInSe2 phase precursor, and the formation of intermediate CuSe and CuSe2 fluxing phases during selenization.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Lausanne Editor
Language Wos 000352225900004 Publication Date 2014-10-13
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0040-6090; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.879 Times cited 7 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.879; 2014 IF: 1.759
Call Number c:irua:121330 Serial 834
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Author Amin-Ahmadi, B.; Idrissi, H.; Galceran, M.; Colla, M.S.; Raskin, J.P.; Pardoen, T.; Godet, S.; Schryvers, D.
Title Effect of deposition rate on the microstructure of electron beam evaporated nanocrystalline palladium thin films Type A1 Journal article
Year 2013 Publication Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films Abbreviated Journal Thin Solid Films
Volume 539 Issue Pages 145-150
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract The influence of the deposition rate on the formation of growth twins in nanocrystalline Pd films deposited by electron beam evaporation is investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Statistical measurements prove that twin boundary (TB) density and volume fraction of grains containing twins increase with increasing deposition rate. A clear increase of the dislocation density was observed for the highest deposition rate of 5 Å/s, caused by the increase of the internal stress building up during deposition. Based on crystallographic orientation indexation using transmission electron microscopy, it can be concluded that a {111} crystallographic texture increases with increasing deposition rate even though the {101} crystallographic texture remains dominant. Most of the TBs are fully coherent without any residual dislocations. However, for the highest deposition rate (5 Å/s), the coherency of the TBs decreases significantly as a result of the interaction of lattice dislocations emitted during deposition with the growth TBs. The analysis of the grain boundary character of different Pd films shows that an increasing fraction of high angle grain boundaries with misorientation angles around 5565° leads to a higher potential for twin formation.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Lausanne Editor
Language Wos 000321111100025 Publication Date 2013-05-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0040-6090; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.879 Times cited 13 Open Access
Notes Fwo Approved Most recent IF: 1.879; 2013 IF: 1.867
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109268 Serial 807
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Author Jehanathan, N.; Georgieva, V.; Saraiva, M.; Depla, D.; Bogaerts, A.; Van Tendeloo, G.
Title The influence of Cr and Y on the micro structural evolution of Mg―Cr―O and Mg―Y―O thin films Type A1 Journal article
Year 2011 Publication Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films Abbreviated Journal Thin Solid Films
Volume 519 Issue 16 Pages 5388-5396
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract The compositional influence of Cr and Y on the microstructure of Mg―Cr―O, and Mg―Y―O films synthesized by reactive magnetron sputtering has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations. A decrease in crystallinity is observed in these films as the M (Cr or Y) content is increased. It is found that M forms a solid solution with MgO for metal ratios up to ~ 70% and ~ 50% for Cr and Y respectively. Above ~ 70% Cr metal ratio the Mg―Cr―O films are found to be completely amorphous. The Mg―Y―O films are composed of Mg(Y)O and Y2O3 nano crystallites, up to ~ 50% Y metal ratio. Above this ratio, only Y2O3 nano crystallites are found. The preferential < 111> MgO grain alignment is strongly affected by the increase in M content. For M metal ratios up to ~ 50%, there is a selective promotion of the < 100> MgO grain alignments and a decline in the < 111> grain alignments.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Lausanne Editor
Language Wos 000292573500013 Publication Date 2011-02-26
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0040-6090; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.879 Times cited 4 Open Access
Notes Iwt Approved Most recent IF: 1.879; 2011 IF: 1.890
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89516 Serial 1618
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Author Espinosa, E.H.; Lonescu, R.; Bittencourt, C.; Felten, A.; Erni, R.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Pireaux, J.-J.; Llobet, E.
Title Metal-decorated multi-wall carbon nanotubes for low temperature gas sensing Type A1 Journal article
Year 2007 Publication Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films Abbreviated Journal Thin Solid Films
Volume 515 Issue 23 Pages 8322-8327
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam : Elsevier Editor
Language Wos 000250353700005 Publication Date 2007-03-19
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0040-6090; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.879 Times cited 86 Open Access
Notes Pai 5/1 Approved Most recent IF: 1.879; 2007 IF: 1.693
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:66631 Serial 2008
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Author Laffez, P.; Chen, X.Y.; Banerjee, G.; Pezeril, T.; Rossell, M.D.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Lacorre, P.; Liu, J.M.; Liu, Z.-G.
Title Growth of La2Mo2O9 films on porous Al2O3 substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering Type A1 Journal article
Year 2006 Publication Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films Abbreviated Journal Thin Solid Films
Volume 500 Issue Pages 27-33
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Lausanne Editor
Language Wos 000235764600006 Publication Date 2005-12-16
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0040-6090; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.879 Times cited 15 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.879; 2006 IF: 1.666
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:57000 Serial 1396
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Author Mahieu, S.; Ghekiere, P.; de Winter, G.; Depla, D.; de Gryse, R.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.
Title Influence of the Ar/O2 ratio on the growth and biaxial alignment of yttria stabilized zirconia layers during reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering Type A1 Journal article
Year 2005 Publication Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films Abbreviated Journal Thin Solid Films
Volume 484 Issue Pages 18-25
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Lausanne Editor
Language Wos 000230045900003 Publication Date 2005-03-01
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0040-6090; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.879 Times cited 23 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.879; 2005 IF: 1.569
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54879 Serial 1656
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Author Bertrand, L.; Schoeeder, S.; Anglos, D.; Breese, M.B.H.; Janssens, K.; Moini, M.; Simon, A.
Title Mitigation strategies for radiation damage in the analysis of ancient materials Type A1 Journal article
Year 2015 Publication Trends in analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Trac-Trend Anal Chem
Volume 66 Issue Pages 128-145
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract The study of materials in cultural heritage artifacts and micro-samples benefits from diagnostic techniques based on intense radiation sources, such as synchrotrons, ion-beam accelerators and lasers. While most of the corresponding techniques are classified as non-destructive, investigation with photons or charged particles entails a number of fundamental processes that may induce changes in materials. These changes depend on irradiation parameters, properties of materials and environmental factors. In some cases, radiation-induced damage may be detected by visual inspection. When it is not, irradiation may still lead to atomic and molecular changes resulting in immediate or delayed alteration and bias of future analyses. Here we review the effects of radiation reported on a variety of cultural heritage materials and describe the usual practice for assessing short-term and long-term effects. This review aims to raise awareness and encourage subsequent research activities to limit radiation side effects.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000352248200020 Publication Date 2014-12-22
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0165-9936 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 8.442 Times cited 35 Open Access
Notes ; We wish to acknowledge the support of this initiative by the International Atomic Energy Agency. We gratefully thank Professor Manfred Schreiner of the Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology in the Arts (Akademie den bildenden Kunst, Vienna, Austria) for helpful discussions and insights on this work. We thank all colleagues who accepted to have their work reproduced in this review. IPANEMA at Synchrotron SOLEIL, the Hungarian Academy of Science and IESL-FORTH were supported within the Research Infrastructure program CHARISMA of the 7th Framework Programme of the EU (Grant Agreement no. 228330). MM's contribution is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant numbers CHE 1241672 and CHE 1440849. We thank Chris McGlinchey and Lauren Klein (Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA) for their critical rereading of the manuscript. ; Approved Most recent IF: 8.442; 2015 IF: 6.472
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:124627 Serial 5729
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