Records |
Author |
Lind, O.C.; Salbu, B.; Janssens, K.; Simionovici, A.S. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Radioactive particle characterisation by means of synchrotron radiation-based X-ray micro beam techniques |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:39941 |
Serial |
5797 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Hendriks, E.; Brunetti, B.G.; Miliani, C. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Raman study of different crystalline forms of PbCrO4 and PbCr1-xSxO4 solid solutions for the noninvasive identification of chrome yellows in paintings : a focus on works by Vincent van Gogh |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Raman spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Raman Spectrosc |
Volume |
45 |
Issue |
11-12 |
Pages |
1034-1045 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
Chrome yellows, a class of pigments frequently used by painters of the Impressionism and Post-impressionism period, are known for their different chemical stability; the latter depends on the chemical composition (PbCrO4, PbCr1-xSxO4) and crystalline structure (monoclinic or orthorhombic) of the material. The possibility to distinguish among different forms of this pigment is therefore relevant in order to extend knowledge on the corresponding degradation process that is observed on several original paintings. For this purpose, three paintings conserved at the Van Gogh Museum (Amsterdam) were analyzed using noninvasive Raman spectroscopy, while equivalent investigations employing bench-top instrumentation were performed to obtain information from micro-samples originating from these works of art. In each painting, the chrome yellow was identified either as monoclinic PbCrO4 or in the form of monoclinic PbCr1-xSxO4 (x<0.25) or S-rich orthorhombic PbCr1-xSxO4 (x similar to 0.5). Our ability to make this fairly subtle distinction is based on a Raman study of several oil paint model samples made up of monoclinic and/or orthorhombic crystalline forms of PbCrO4 and PbCr1-xSxO4 (0.1x0.8). These paints were studied using several excitation wavelengths (namely 785.0, 532.0, 514.5, and 488nm). Because of the absence of the resonance Raman effect, which strongly enhances the chromate symmetric stretching band, and the absence of any laser-induced photodecomposition, it is advantageous to acquire data at 785.0nm. The band-shape and the position of the chromate bending modes proved to be more sensitive to the solid solution composition and crystalline structure than the stretching modes and can be used as distinctive spectral markers to discriminate among the different chrome yellow forms that are present. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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Wos |
000346912700008 |
Publication Date |
2014-07-17 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0377-0486 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
2.969 |
Times cited |
34 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was supported by Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (S2-ART project S4DA) and also presents results from GOA 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium), FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. Support from the Italian projects PRIN (SICH Sustainability in Cultural Heritage: from diagnosis to the development of innovative system for consolidation, cleaning and protection) and PON (ITACHA Italian advanced technologies for cultural heritage applications) is also acknowledged. The analysis of the paintings Sunflowers gone to seed, Bank of the Seine, and Portrait of Gauguin was performed within the mobile laboratory access activity of the FP7 programme CHARISMA supported by EC (Grant Agreement 228330). LM acknowledges the Italian National Research Council (CNR) for the financial support in the framework of the Short Term Mobility Programme 2013. Thanks are expressed to Muriel Geldof, Cultural Heritage Agency of The Netherlands, for selecting and sharing the information on the cross-sections and to the staff of the Van Gogh Museum for the agreeable cooperation. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.969; 2014 IF: 2.671 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:122841 |
Serial |
5798 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Eliaerts, J.; Dardenne, P.; Meert, N.; Van Durme, F.; Samyn, N.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Rapid classification and quantification of cocaine in seized powders with ATR-FTIR and chemometrics |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Drug testing and analysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
Drug Test Anal |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1480-1489 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
Traditionally, fast screening for the presence of cocaine in unknown powders is performed by means of colour tests. The major drawbacks of these tests are subjective colour evaluation depending on the operator (50 shades of blue) and a lack of selectivity. An alternative fast screening technique is Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometry. This technique provides spectra that are difficult to interpret without specialized expertise and showing a lack of sensitivity for the detection of cocaine in mixtures. To overcome these limitations, a portable FTIR spectrometer using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) sampling was combined with a multivariate technique, called Support Vector Machines (SVM). Representative street drug powders (n = 482), seized during the period January 2013 to July 2015, and reference powders (n = 33) were used to build and validate a classification model (n = 515) and a quantification model (n = 378). Both models were compared with the conventional chromatographic techniques. The SVM classification model showed a high sensitivity, specificity and efficiency (99%). The SVM quantification model determined cocaine content with a root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 6% calculated over a wide working range from 4 to 99 w%. In conclusion, the developed models resulted in a clear output (cocaine detected or cocaine not detected) and a reliable estimation of the cocaine content in a wide variety of mixtures. The ATR-FTIR technique combined with SVM is a straightforward, user-friendly and fast approach for routine classification and quantification of cocaine in seized powders. |
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Wos |
000413685200001 |
Publication Date |
2016-12-17 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1942-7603; 1942-7611 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
3.469 |
Times cited |
9 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.469 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:139483 |
Serial |
5799 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Alvarez-Martin, A.; Cleland, T.P.; Kavich, G.M.; Janssens, K.; Newsome, G.A. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Rapid evaluation of the debromination mechanism of eosin in oil paint by direct analysis in real time and direct infusion-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Chem |
Volume |
91 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
10856-10863 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
Eosin is a synthetic organic colorant prone to fading under the influence of light. On the basis of the growing interest in the understanding of the discoloration mechanism of eosin-based lakes, this study compares the ability of two ultrafast and ultrasensitive mass spectrometry techniques to detect eosin derivatives in complex matrices, such as oil media without the use of conventional separation columns or additional sample preparation protocols. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) and direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) were used to characterize the degradation pathway of eosin in oil media. The analysis protocols developed in this study are applied to discern the degradation mechanism of the lake pigment eosin (comprising the molecule per se complexed to an inorganic substrate) dispersed in linseed oil to create an oil paint. The analysis of oil paints by high resolution MS without an extraction methodology that modifies the system chemistry allowed us to identify the degradation forms without causing any additional fragmentation. Both techniques revealed the primary photodegradation pathway of eosin in linseed oil, and DI-ESI-MS provided additional information on the native conformation of the lake. |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
000482545300069 |
Publication Date |
2019-07-30 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-2700; 5206-882x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
6.32 |
Times cited |
3 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors would like to acknowledge the SolarPaint project (GOA program, Antwerp University Research Council) and Smithsonian Institution for financial support. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.32 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:162879 |
Serial |
5800 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Cagno, S.; Mendera, M.; Jeffries, T.; Janssens, K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Raw materials for medieval to post-medieval Tuscan glassmaking : new insight from LA-ICP-MS analyses |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of archaeological science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Archaeol Sci |
Volume |
37 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
3030-3036 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
LA-ICP-MS analyses were performed on a set of Tuscan (post) medieval archaeological glass finds dated to the 1316th century in order to quantitatively determine the trace element contents. The results are used for defining and distinguishing several compositional groups. The trace element data are consistent with the distinctions obtained by considering the major element data determined via quantitative SEM-EDX, but allow to obtain new insights into the nature and quality of the silica sources employed and the presumed method of ash purification. |
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000283903500008 |
Publication Date |
2010-07-06 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0305-4403 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
2.602 |
Times cited |
38 |
Open Access |
|
Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “Atom” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and of FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0177.03, G.0103.04 and G.0689.06. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.602; 2010 IF: 1.710 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:85814 |
Serial |
5802 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Terzano, R.; Denecke, M.A.; Falkenberg, G.; Miller, B.; Paterson, D.; Janssens, K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Recent advances in analysis of trace elements in environmental samples by X-ray based techniques (IUPAC Technical Report) |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Pure and applied chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pure Appl Chem |
Volume |
91 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1029-1063 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
Trace elements analysis is a fundamental challenge in environmental sciences. Scientists measure trace elements in environmental media in order to assess the quality and safety of ecosystems and to quantify the burden of anthropogenic pollution. Among the available analytical techniques, X-ray based methods are particularly powerful, as they can quantify trace elements in situ. Chemical extraction is not required, as is the case for many other analytical techniques. In the last few years, the potential for X-ray techniques to be applied in the environmental sciences has dramatically increased due to developments in laboratory instruments and synchrotron radiation facilities with improved sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this report, we summarize the principles of the X-ray based analytical techniques most frequently employed to study trace elements in environmental samples. We report on the most recent developments in laboratory and synchrotron techniques, as well as advances in instrumentation, with a special attention on X-ray sources, detectors, and optics. Lastly, we inform readers on recent applications of X-ray based analysis to different environmental matrices, such as soil, sediments, waters, wastes, living organisms, geological samples, and atmospheric particulate, and we report examples of sample preparation. |
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Corporate Author |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
000471262400011 |
Publication Date |
2019-05-21 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0033-4545 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
2.626 |
Times cited |
3 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This document was developed as a part of IUPAC, Funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.13039/100006987, Project #2016-019-2-600 “Trace elements analysis of environmental samples with X-rays: from synchrotron to lab and from lab to synchrotron” led by Roberto Terzano (Task Group Chair). Task Group Members for this project were: Melissa Anne Denecke, Gerald Falkenberg, Armin Gross, Koen Janssens, Bradley Miller, David Paterson, Ryan Tappero, Fang-Jie Zhao. Their contribution to the project is gratefully acknowledged. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.626 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:161369 |
Serial |
5803 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Janssens, K.; de Nolf, W.; van der Snickt, G.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Terzano, R.; Brenker, F.E. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Recent trends in quantitative aspects of microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Trends in analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trac-Trend Anal Chem |
Volume |
29 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
464-478 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000279235000014 |
Publication Date |
2010-03-23 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0165-9936 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
8.442 |
Times cited |
48 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects nr. G.0704.08 and G.0179.09 and from the UA-BOF GOA programme. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 8.442; 2010 IF: 6.602 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:83903 |
Serial |
5806 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Derks, K.; Youchaeva, M.; Van der Snickt, G.; Van der Stighelen, K.; Janssens, K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Reconstructing Sweerts : practical insights into the historical dark halo technique based on paint reconstructions |
Type |
P1 Proceeding |
Year |
2024 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
259-271
T2 - Alla maniera : technical art history |
Keywords |
P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
Abstract |
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Place of Publication |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
978-90-429-5216-4 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:203062 |
Serial |
9082 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Rindby, A.; Janssens, K.; Osán, J. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Reconstruction of the three-dimensional distribution of elements in fly-ash particles by micro-XRF spectroscopy |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
X-ray spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
X-Ray Spectrom |
Volume |
32 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
248-257 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
000183630400011 |
Publication Date |
2003-06-12 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0049-8246 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
1.298 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.298; 2003 IF: 1.227 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:41805 |
Serial |
5807 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Lind, O.-C.; Salbu, B.; de Nolf, W.; Jaroszewicz, J.; Janssens, K.; Falkenberg, G. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Reexamination of U and Pu in particles from Thule and Palomares by μ-XRD |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1297-1298 |
Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:74474 |
Serial |
5810 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Alfeld, M.; Noble, P.; van Loon, A.; Delaney, J.; Conover, D.; Zeibel, J.; Dik, J. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Rembrandt's 'Saul and David' (c. 1652) : use of multiple types of smalt evidenced by means of non-destructive imaging |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Microchemical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
Volume |
126 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
515-523 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
The painting Saul and David, considered to date from c. 1652 and previously attributed to Rembrandt van Rijn and/or his studio, is a complex work of art that has been recently subjected to intensive investigation and conservation treatment. The goal of the research was to give insight into the painting's physical construction and condition in preparation for conservation treatment. It was also anticipated that analysis would shed light on authenticity questions and Rembrandt's role in the creation of the painting. The painting depicts the Old Testament figures of King Saul and David. At left is Saul, seated, holding a spear and wiping a tear from his eye with a curtain. David kneels before him at the right playing his harp. In the past, the large sections with the life-size figures were cut apart and later reassembled. A third piece of canvas was added to replace a missing piece of canvas above the head of David. As part of the investigation into the authenticity of the curtain area, a number of paint micro samples were examined with LM and SEM-EDX. Given that the earth, smalt and lake pigments used in the painting could not be imaged with traditional imaging techniques, the entire painting was also examined with state of the art non-destructive imaging techniques. Special attention was devoted to the presence of cobalt-containing materials, specifically the blue glass pigment smalt considered characteristic for the late Rembrandt. A combination of quantitative electron microprobe analysis and macroscopic X-ray fluorescence scanning revealed that three types of cobalt-containing materials are present in the painting. The first type is a cobalt drier that was found in the overpaint used to cover up the canvas inset and the joins that were added in the 19th century. The other two Co-containing materials are part of the original paint used by Rembrandt and comprise two varieties of smalt, a K-rich glass pigment that derives its gray-blue color by doping with Co-ions. Smalt paint with a higher Ni content (NiO:CoO ratio of around 1:4) was used to depict the blue stripes in Saul's colorful turban, while smalt with a lower Ni content was employed (NiO:CoO ratio of around 1:5) for the broad expanses of Saul's garments. The presence of two types of smalt not only supports the recent re-attribution of the painting to Rembrandt, but also that the picture was painted in two phases. Saul's dark red garment is painted in a rough, “loose” manner and the now discolored smalt-rich layer was found to have been partially removed during a past restoration treatment/s. In contrast, the blue-green smalt in the turban is much better preserved and provides a colorful accent. While the use of different types of smalt in a Rembrandt painting has been previously identified using quantitative EDX analysis of paint cross-sections, to the best of our knowledge this is the first time such a distinction has been observed in a 17th-century painting using non-destructive imaging techniques. In addition to the XRF-based non-invasive elemental mapping, hyperspectral imaging in the visual to near-infrared (VNIR) region was also carried out. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000373647500063 |
Publication Date |
2016-01-29 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
3.034 |
Times cited |
18 |
Open Access |
|
Notes |
; This research is part of the ReVisualising late Rembrandt: Developing and Applying New Imaging Techniques research project, supported by the Science4Arts research program of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO, The Hague, NL, ReVisRembrandt project) and the National Science Foundation (NSF, Washington DC, USA, award 1041827). We would like to thank colleagues of the Mauritshuis (The Hague, NL) and the Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency (RCE) in Rijswijk, NL for their support and assistance during the scanning of the Saul and David painting. The GOA project “SOLARPAINT” (University of Antwerp) and the Fund Baillet Latour (Brussels, B) are acknowledged for financial support to GvdS and KJ. We also like to acknowledge the help of Eliza Longhini and Stijn Legrand during some of the XRF scanning stages. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.034 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:133258 |
Serial |
5813 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
MacLennan, D.; Trentelman, K.; Szafran, Y.; Woollett, A.T.; Delaney, J.K.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Rembrandt's An Old Man in Military Costume : combining hyperspectral and MA-XRF imaging to understand how two paintings were painted on a single panel |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Institute for Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
Volume |
58 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
54-68 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
Over the past several decades the painting An Old Man in Military Costume by Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn (ca. 1630-31; J. Paul Getty Museum, 78.PB.246) has been the subject of a number of investigations carried out in order to better visualize a second painting beneath the surface figure. The underlying image – the head and shoulders of a man wearing a cloak – is oriented 180 degrees from the upper image and appears to be fairly complete. Scanning macro x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy reveals the face is painted with lead white and a mercury-containing pigment (likely vermilion), and the cloak is painted with a copper-containing pigment. Following the revelation and digital color reconstruction of the underlying figure, a number of questions still remained. Here, through the use of infrared reflectance imaging spectroscopy (i.e., hyperspectral imaging) and macro-XRF imaging spectroscopy, together with cross-sections taken from targeted areas, the sequence of painting in both compositions was explored. Of particular interest was the discovery of evidence of multiple attempts to situate the lower figure, and the subsequent application of a blocking-out layer over the lower figure before the artist rotated the panel and executed the upper figure. In addition, examination of the placement of the two images on the panel adds to our understanding of the subtle complexities of Rembrandt's working process. RESUMEAu cours des dernieres decennies, la peinture Le vieil homme en costume militaire de Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn (ca. 1630-31; J. Paul Getty Museum, 78.PB.246) a fait l'objet de nombreuses investigations menees dans le but de mieux visualiser une seconde peinture dissimulee sous la surface. L'image sous-jacente – la tete et les epaules d'un homme vetu d'une cape – est orientee a 180 degres de de l'image du vieil homme, et elle semble assez complete. La spectroscopie a macro-balayage de fluorescence X (MA-XRF) revele que le visage est peint avec du blanc de plomb et un pigment contenant du mercure (comme le vermillon), et que la cape est peinte avec un pigment a base de cuivre. Plusieurs questions restaient en suspens suite a cette decouverte et a la reconstruction numerique en couleur de l'image sous-jacente. Grace a l'emploi de techniques d'imagerie comme la spectroscopie proche infrarouge (ex., imagerie hyperspectrale) et l'imagerie MA-XRF, combinees a l'analyse de coupes stratigraphiques prelevees a des endroits cibles, on a pu explorer la sequence d'application des couches picturales de chacune des deux compositions. Une decouverte particulierement interessante est la preuve que l'artiste a fait plusieurs tentatives pour positionner la figure sous-jacente puis, a ensuite applique une couche pour la recouvrir completement avant de faire pivoter le panneau et peindre la figure du vieil homme. De plus, l'examen du positionnement des deux images sur le panneau ajoute a notre comprehension de la subtile complexite du processus de creation de Rembrandt. Traduit par Elisabeth Forest. RESUMONas ultimas decadas, a pintura Um Velho em Traje Militar, de Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn (ca. 1630-31; J. Paul Getty Museum, 78.PB.246), foi objeto de uma serie de investigacoes realizadas para visualizar melhor uma segunda pintura abaixo da figura aparente. A imagem subjacente – a cabeca e os ombros de um homem usando uma capa – e orientada a 180 graus da imagem superior e parece estar bastante completa. O macro mapeamento de imagem por espectroscopia de fluorescencia de raios X (FRX) revela que a face e pintada com branco de chumbo e um pigmento contendo mercurio (provavelmente vermelhAo), e a capa e pintada com um pigmento contendo cobre. Apos a descoberta e reconstrucAo digital da cor da figura subjacente, uma serie de questoes ainda permanecem. EntAo, atraves da utilizacAo do mapeamento por imagem de espectroscopia de refletancia por infravermelhos (i.e. mapeamento hiperespectral) e macro mapeamento por imagem de FRX, juntamente com cortes estratigraficos de amostras retiradas de areas de interesse, a pintura em ambas as composicoes foi explorada. De particular interesse foi a descoberta de evidencias de multiplas tentativas de posicionar a figura subjacente, e a subsequente aplicacAo de uma camada intermediaria de separacAo sobre a figura inferior antes do artista girar o painel e executar a figura superior. Alem disso, o exame da colocacAo das duas imagens no painel aumenta nossa compreensAo das sutis complexidades do processo de trabalho de Rembrandt. Traduzido por Marcia Rozzi e Beatriz Haspo. RESUMENA lo largo de las ultimas decadas, la pintura Un anciano con traje militar de Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn (ca. 1630-31; J. Paul Getty Museum, 78.PB.246) ha sido objeto de varias investigaciones realizadas con el fin de visualizar mejor una segunda pintura debajo de la figura de la superficie. La imagen subyacente, la cabeza y los hombros de un hombre que lleva una capa, esta orientada a 180 grados de la imagen superior y parece estar bastante completa. La espectroscopia de fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF) de barrido revela que la cara esta pintada con blanco de plomo y un pigmento que contiene mercurio (probablemente bermellon), y la capa esta pintada con un pigmento que contiene cobre. Tras la revelacion y la reconstruccion digital del color de la figura subyacente, aun quedaban algunas preguntas. Aqui, por medio del uso de la espectroscopia de imagenes de reflectancia infrarroja (es decir, imagenes hiperespectrales) e imagenes macro-XRF, junto con las secciones transversales tomadas de areas especificas, se exploro la secuencia de pintura en ambas composiciones. De particular interes fue el descubrimiento de evidencia de multiples intentos de situar la figura inferior, y la aplicacion posterior de una capa de bloqueo sobre la figura inferior antes de que el artista rotara el panel y ejecutara la figura superior. Ademas, el examen de la colocacion de las dos imagenes en el panel contribuye a nuestra comprension de las sutiles complejidades del proceso de trabajo de Rembrandt. Traduccion: Amparo Rueda. |
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000468065200005 |
Publication Date |
2018-12-18 |
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ISSN |
0197-1360 |
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UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
2 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:160407 |
Serial |
5811 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Trentelman, K.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Szafran, Y.; Woollett, A.T.; Dik, J. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Rembrandt's An Old Man in Military Costume: the underlying image re-examined |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Applied physics A : materials science & processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Phys A-Mater |
Volume |
121 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
801-811 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
The painting An Old Man in Military Costume in the J. Paul Getty Museum, by Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn, was studied using two complementary, element-specific imaging techniques-neutron activation autoradiography (NAAR) and macro-X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) mapping-to reveal the second, hidden painting. NAAR provided a strong image of the face and cloak of the underlying figure, along with an indication of the chemical composition. The single-element distribution maps produced by MA-XRF mapping provided additional details into the shape of the underlying image and the composition of the pigments used. The underlying figure's face is richer in mercury, indicative of the pigment vermilion, than the face of the figure on the surface. Likewise, the cloak of the underlying figure is richer in copper than the surface figure though the identity of the copper-containing pigment cannot be determined from these data. The use of iron earth pigments, specifically Si-rich umbers, is indicated through the complementary information provided by the NAAR and MA-XRF maps. These data are used to create a false color digital reconstruction, yielding the most detailed representation of the underlying painting to date. |
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000364914100003 |
Publication Date |
2015-08-31 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0947-8396 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
1.455 |
Times cited |
22 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of all those who aided in the examination of this painting over the decades, that has culminated in the work presented here. Particular thanks go to Mark Leonard (former head of Paintings Conservation at the J. Paul Getty Museum) and Henry Prask (NIST) for carrying out the NAAR analysis; John Twilley (former GCI Scientist) for early investigations; Andrea Sartorius (former JPGM Paintings intern) for creating a mock-up painting used in earlier phases of this work; Peter Reishig (former GCI intern) for compiling the NAAR data; Catherine Patterson, Lynn Lee, and David Carson (GCI Science) and Gene Karraker (JPGM Paintings Conservation) for helping with the setup and operation of the M6 Jetstream; and Giacomo Chiari (former head of GCI Science) for performing the XRD analysis. Koen Janssens and Geert van der Snickt acknowledge the Fund Inbev-Baillet Latour for financial support. Joris Dik acknowledges the help of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) in the form of a VIDI grant in the Innovational Research Incentive Scheme. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.455; 2015 IF: 1.704 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:130289 |
Serial |
5812 |
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Author |
Al-Emam, E.; Beltran, V.; De Meyer, S.; Nuyts, G.; Wetemans, V.; De Wael, K.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Removal of a past varnish treatment from a 19th-century Belgian wall painting by means of a solvent-loaded double network hydrogel |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polymers |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polymers-Basel |
Volume |
13 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
2651-20 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
Abstract |
Polymeric materials have been used by painting conservator-restorers as consolidants and/or varnishes for wall paintings. The application of these materials is carried out when confronting loose paint layers or as a protective coating. However, these materials deteriorate and cause physiochemical alterations to the treated surface. In the past, the monumental neo-gothic wall painting 'The Last Judgment' in the chapel of Sint-Jan Berchmanscollege in Antwerp, Belgium was treated with a synthetic polymeric material. This varnish deteriorated significantly and turned brown, obscuring the paint layers. Given also that the varnish was applied to some parts of the wall painting and did not cover the entire surface, it was necessary to remove it in order to restore the original appearance of the wall painting. Previous attempts carried out by conservator-restorers made use of traditional cleaning methods, which led to damage of the fragile paint layers. Therefore, gel cleaning was proposed as a less invasive and more controllable method for gently softening and removing the varnish. The work started by identifying the paint stratigraphy and the deteriorated varnish via optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A polyvinyl alcohol-borax/agarose (PVA-B/AG) hydrogel loaded with a number of solvents/solvent mixtures was employed in a series of tests to select the most suitable hydrogel composite. By means of the hydrogel composite loaded with 10% propylene carbonate, it was possible to safely remove the brown varnish layer. The results were verified by visual examinations (under visible light 'VIS' and ultraviolet light 'UV') as well as OM and FTIR spectroscopy. |
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000690248000001 |
Publication Date |
2021-08-10 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2073-4360 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
3.364 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.364 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:181567 |
Serial |
8470 |
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Author |
Caen, J.; Schalm, O.; Pires De Matos, A.; Ruivo, A.; Ferreira, M.; Janssens, K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Reproduction of 16-17th centuries enamels for stained glass after orignal compositions and recipes |
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P3 Proceeding |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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P3 Proceeding; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA library record |
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Open Access |
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Most recent IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:112032 |
Serial |
5814 |
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Author |
Kukhlevsky, S.V.; Mechler, M.; Csapó, L.; Janssens, K.; Samek, O. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Resonant backward scattering of light by a subwavelength metallic slit with two open sides |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys Rev B |
Volume |
72 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
165421,1-165421,7 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
The backward scattering of TM-polarized light by a two-side-open subwavelength slit in a metal film is analyzed. We show that the reflection coefficient versus wavelength possesses a Fabry-Perot-like dependence that is similar to the anomalous behavior of transmission reported in the study [Y. Takakura, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5601 (2001)]. The open slit totally reflects the light at the near-to-resonance wavelengths. In addition, we show that the interference of incident and resonantly backward-scattered light produces in the near-field diffraction zone a spatially localized wave whose intensity is 10103 times greater than the incident wave, but one order of magnitude smaller than the intracavity intensity. The amplitude and phase of the resonant wave at the slit entrance and exit are different from that of a Fabry-Perot cavity. |
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000232934900123 |
Publication Date |
2005-10-21 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1098-0121; 1550-235x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
3.836 |
Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.836; 2005 IF: 3.185 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:71385 |
Serial |
5815 |
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Author |
Schepens, T.; Janssens, K.; Maes, S.; Wildemeersch, D.; Vellinga, J.; Jorens, P.G.; Saldien, V. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Respiratory muscle activity after spontaneous, neostigmine- or sugammadex-enhanced recovery of neuromuscular blockade : a double blind prospective randomized controlled trial |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
BMC anesthesiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bmc Anesthesiol |
Volume |
19 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
187 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) |
Abstract |
Background The use of neostigmine after neuromuscular blockade (NMB) has been associated with postoperative respiratory complications. In previous studies, we found lower diaphragmatic activity after neostigmine reversal of NMB, compared to sugammadex. It is still unclear whether the adequate use of neostigmine guarantees normal respiratory muscle function after NMB. In this study, we wanted to assess the effect of commonly used degrees of NMB and their possible reversal strategies on respiratory muscle activity after the return of normal neuromuscular transmission. Methods This is a randomized, controlled, parallel-group, single-centre, double-blind study in patients scheduled for intracranial surgery at a tertiary academic hospital in Belgium. All participants received target controlled propofol/remifentanil anesthesia and were randomized into one of five groups, receiving either a shallow NMB with no reversal (shallow/saline), a shallow NMB with sugammadex reversal (shallow/sugammadex), a moderate NMB with neostigmine reversal (moderate/neostigmine), a moderate NMB with sugammadex reversal (moderate/sugammadex), or a deep NMB with sugammadex reversal (deep/sugammadex). Primary and secondary outcome parameters were diaphragm and intercostal electromyographic (EMG) activity at the moment of resumed spontaneous breathing activity, defined as a maximal interval of 10 min after the first spontaneous breath. Results For the five groups, a total of 55 patients could be included in the final analysis. Median time of spontaneous breathing analyzed was 5 min (IQR 3-9.5 min). Both the moderate/sugammadex and the moderate/neostigmine groups had lower levels of diaphragm EMG compared to the shallow/sugammadex group. The moderate/neostigmine group had lower levels of intercostal EMG activity compared to the shallow/saline group. Conclusions In this study, the depth of neuromuscular blockade and type of reversal strategy impacts respiratory muscle activity at the moment of resumed spontaneous breathing and recovery of neuromuscular blockade. Both groups that received moderate NMB had lower levels of diaphragm EMG, compared to the shallow NMB group with sugammadex reversal. Compared to the shallow NMB group with no reversal, the moderate NMB with neostigmine reversal group had lower intercostal EMG activity. |
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Wos |
000490976800001 |
Publication Date |
2019-10-19 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1471-2253 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
1.525 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
; This work was supported by an investigator-initiated project grant from Merck & Co (IISP 50678). Merck & Co had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.525 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:163713 |
Serial |
5816 |
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Author |
Anitha, A.; Brasoveanu, A.; Duarte, M.; Hughes, S.; Daubechies, I.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K.; Alfeld, M. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Restoration of X-ray fluorescence images of hidden paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Signal processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Signal Process |
Volume |
93 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
592-604 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
This paper describes our methods for repairing and restoring images of hidden paintings (paintings that have been painted over and are now covered by a new surface painting) that have been obtained via noninvasive X-ray fluorescence imaging of their canvases. This recently developed imaging technique measures the concentrations of various chemical elements at each two-dimensional spatial location across the canvas. These concentrations in turn result from pigments present both in the surface painting and in the hidden painting beneath. These X-ray fluorescence images provide the best available data from which to noninvasively study a hidden painting. However, they are typically marred by artifacts of the imaging process, features of the surface painting, and areas of information loss. Repairing and restoring these images thus consists of three stages: (1) repairing acquisition artifacts in the dataset, (2) removal of features in the images that result from the surface painting rather than the hidden painting, and (3) identification and repair of areas of information loss. We describe methods we have developed to address each of these stages: a total-variation minimization approach to artifact correction, a novel method for underdetermined blind source separation with multimodal side information to address surface feature removal, and two application-specific new methods for automatically identifying particularly thick or X-ray absorbent surface features in the painting. Finally, we demonstrate the results of our methods on a hidden painting by the artist Vincent van Gogh. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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000312521400007 |
Publication Date |
2012-10-13 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0165-1684 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
3.11 |
Times cited |
13 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; Marco F. Duarte was supported during this research by NSF Supplemental Funding DMS-0439872 to UCLA-IPAM, PI: R. Caflisch. Matthias Alfeld receives support in the form of a Ph.D. fellowship of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). This research was also supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.11; 2013 IF: 2.238 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:105921 |
Serial |
5817 |
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Author |
Alfeld, M.; de Nolf, W.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; et al. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Revealing hidden paint layers in oil paintings by means of scanning macro-XRF : a mock-up study based on Rembrandt's “An old man in military costume” |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
Volume |
28 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
40-51 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
Over the past several decades the oeuvre of Rembrandt has been the subject of extensive art historical and scientific investigations. One of the most striking features to emerge is his frequent re-use of canvases and panels. The painting An Old Man in Military Costume (78.PB.246), in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum, is an example of such a re-used panel. Conventional imaging techniques revealed the presence of a second portrait under the surface portrait, but the details of this hidden portrait have not yet been revealed. Vermilion (HgS) has been identified to have been used nearly exclusively in the flesh tones of the lower painting, suggesting that element-specific XRF imaging might successfully image the hidden portrait. To test this hypothesis, a full-scale mock-up of the painting was created, including a “free impression” of the hidden portrait, reproducing as closely as possible the pigments and paint stratigraphy of the original painting. XRF imaging of the mock-up painting was conducted using three different XRF imaging systems: a mobile X-ray tube based system and two synchrotron-based setups (one equipped with multiple SDDs and one equipped with a Maia detector). The sensitivity, limits of detection and imaging capabilities of each system under the chosen experimental conditions are evaluated and compared. The results indicate that an investigation of the original painting by this method would have an excellent chance of success. |
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000314903400003 |
Publication Date |
2012-11-22 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0267-9477 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. Further, the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 226716. M. Alfeld receives a Ph.D. fellowship of the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO). The authors gratefully acknowledge Yvonne Szafran and the staff of the Paintings Conservation Department of the J. Paul Getty Museum for making available their infrared reflectography (IRR) and X-radiographic images of the painting, and also the neutron activation analysis (NAA) images acquired in 1996 at NIST by Dr Henry Prask in collaboration with Mark Leonard, former head of the J. Paul Getty Museum Paintings Conservation Department. We are also grateful to Peter Reischig, a graduate intern at the Getty Conservation Institute and a Ph.D. candidate at Delft University of Technology for his assistance. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2013 IF: 3.396 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:107704 |
Serial |
5818 |
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Author |
De Keyser, N.; Broers, F.; Vanmeert, F.; De Meyer, S.; Gabrieli, F.; Hermens, E.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Keune, K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Reviving degraded colors of yellow flowers in 17th century still life paintings with macro- and microscale chemical imaging |
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A1 Journal article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
1-12 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
Abstract |
Over time, artist pigments are prone to degradation, which can decrease the readability of the artwork or notably change the artist's intention. In this article, the visual implication of secondary degradation products in a degraded yellow rose in a still life painting by A. Mignon is discussed as a case study. A multimodal combination of chemical and optical imaging techniques, including noninvasive macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) and macroscopic x-ray fluorescence imaging, allowed us to gain a 3D understanding of the transformation of the original intended appearance of the rose into its current degraded state. MA-XRPD enabled us to precisely correlate in situ formed products with what is optically visible on the surface and demonstrated that the precipitated lead arsenates and arsenolite from the yellow pigment orpiment and the light-induced fading of an organic yellow lake irreversibly changed the artist's intentional light-shadow modeling. |
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000811556500011 |
Publication Date |
2022-06-08 |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
2375-2548 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
13.6 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 13.6 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:189657 |
Serial |
7205 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Benito, P.; de Nolf, W.; Nuyts, G.; Janssens, K.; et al. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Role of coating-metallic support interaction in the properties of electrosynthesized Rh-based structured catalysts |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
ACS catalysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acs Catal |
Volume |
4 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
3779-3790 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
Rh-structured catalysts for the catalytic partial oxidation of CH4 to syngas were prepared by electrosynthesis of Rh-containing hydrotalcite-type (HT) compounds on FeCrAlloy foams followed by calcination at 900 degrees C. During the calcination the simultaneous decomposition of the layered HT structure and formation of the protective FeCrAlloy outer shell in alumina occurred. Here, we studied the role of the coating-metallic support interaction in the properties of the catalysts after calcination, H-2 reduction, and catalytic tests, by a combination of electron (FEG-SEM/EDS) and synchrotron X-ray (XRF/XRPD and XRF/XANES) microscopic techniques. The characterization of crystalline phases in the metallic support and coating and distribution of Rh active species was carried out on several samples prepared by modifying the Rh content in the electrolytic solution (Rh/Mg/Al = 11.0/70.0/19.0, 5.0/70.0/25.0, 0/70.0/30.0 atomic ratio). A sample was also prepared with no aluminum in the electrolytic solution (Rh/Mg/Al = 13.6/86.4/0.0 atomic ratio) and calcined at 550 and 900 degrees C. The interaction between the elements of the metallic support and the catalytic coating increased the film adhesion during the thermal treatment and catalytic tests and modified the catalyst crystalline phases. A chemical reaction between Al corning from the foam and Mg in the coating occurred during calcination at high temperature leading to the formation of spinel phases in which rhodium is solved, together with some Rh2O3 and Rh. The metallic support was oxidized forming the corundum scale and chromium oxides, moreover t-Al2O3 was identified. For the Rh11.0Mg70.0Al19.0 catalyst the inclusion of Rh in the spinel phase decreased its reducibility in the H-2 pretreatment. The reduction continued during catalytic tests by feeding diluted CH4/O-2/He gas mixtures, evidenced by the catalyst activation. While under concentrated gas mixtures the deactivation occurred, probably by oxidation. |
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000345735200053 |
Publication Date |
2014-09-24 |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
2155-5435 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
10.614 |
Times cited |
13 |
Open Access |
|
Notes |
; The authors thank the scientists who assisted during the conducted experiments: D. Grolimund and C. N. Borca for the mu XRF/XRPD experiments performed at MicroXAS Beamline of SLS, M. Janousch for the mu XRF/XANES experiments at Phoenix Beamline of the SLS, M. Salome for the mu XRE/XANES experiments at ID21 Beamline of the ESRF, and I. Guerra for the FEG-SEM/EDS experiments at Granada University. Thanks must go to Porvair for supplying FeCrAlloy foams. The financial support from the Ministero per l'Istruzione, l'Universita e la Ricerca (MIUR, Roma, I) is gratefully acknowledged. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 10.614; 2014 IF: 9.312 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:122215 |
Serial |
5820 |
Permanent link to this record |
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|
|
Author |
Monico, L.; Chieli, A.; De Meyer, S.; Cotte, M.; de Nolf, W.; Falkenberg, G.; Janssens, K.; Romani, A.; Miliani, C. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Role of the relative humidity and the Cd/Zn stoichiometry in the photooxidation process of cadmium yellows (CdS/Cd1-xZnxS) in oil paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Chemistry: a European journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem-Eur J |
Volume |
24 |
Issue |
45 |
Pages |
11584-11593 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
Cadmium yellows (CdYs) refer to a family of cadmium sulfide pigments, which have been widely used by artists since the late 19th century. Despite being considered stable, they are suffering from discoloration in iconic paintings, such as Joy of Life by Matisse, Flowers in a blue vase by Van Gogh, and The Scream by Munch, most likely due to the formation of CdSO4 center dot nH(2)O. The driving factors of the CdYs degradation and how these affect the overall process are still unknown. Here, we study a series of oil mock-up paints made of CdYs of different stoichiometry (CdS/Cd0.76Zn0.24S) and crystalline structure (hexagonal/ cubic) before and after aging at variable relative humidity under exposure to light and in darkness. Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray methods combined with UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy show that: 1) Cd0.76Zn0.24S is more susceptible to photooxidation than CdS; both compounds can act as photocatalysts for the oil oxidation. 2) The photooxidation of CdS/Cd0.76Zn0.24S to CdSO4 center dot nH(2)O is triggered by moisture. 3) The nature of alteration products depends on the aging conditions and the Cd/Zn stoichiometry. Based on our findings, we propose a scheme for the mechanism of the photocorrosion process and the photocatalytic activity of CdY pigments in the oil binder. Overall, our results form a reliable basis for understanding the degradation of CdS-based paints in artworks and contribute towards developing better ways of preserving them for future generations. |
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000441126900012 |
Publication Date |
2018-06-06 |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0947-6539 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
5.317 |
Times cited |
5 |
Open Access |
|
Notes |
; The research was financially supported by the European research project IPERION-CH, funded by the European Commission, H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015 (Grant agreement n. 654028) and by the BOF-GOA Project SOLARPaint (University of Antwerp Research Council). For the beamtime grants received, we thank the ESRF (experiments n. HG64, HG95 and in-house beamtimes) and PETRA III-DESY (experiments: I-20130221 EC, I-20160126 EC). We are also grateful to Dr. Jan Garrevoet for his contribution to set up the P06-beamline at PETRA III-DESY. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 5.317 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:153733 |
Serial |
5821 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Rouchon, V.; Duranton, M.; Burgaud, C.; Pellizzi, E.; Lavédrine, B.; Janssens, K.; de Nolf, W.; Nuyts, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Hellemans, K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Room-temperature study of iron gall ink impregnated paper degradation under various oxygen and humidity conditions : time-dependent monitoring by viscosity and X-ray absorption near-edge spectrometry measurements |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Chem |
Volume |
83 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2589-2597 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
Many western manuscripts were written using iron gall inks. These inks can damage the paper via two major mechanisms: (a) acid hydrolysis, enhanced by humidity, and (b) oxidative depolymerization provoked by the presence of oxygen and free iron(II) ions. The degradation of unsized Whatman paper impregnated with different combinations of iron sulfate, gallic acid, and gum arabic was studied at room temperature in order to assess the relative importance of each mechanism. The samples were stored in various environments including a dry and/or an oxygen-free atmosphere. The cellulose depolymerization was monitored by viscometry and related to changes in the oxidation state of iron, determined by X-ray absorption near-edge spectrometry. The results indicate that residual amounts of oxygen (less than 0.1%) promote cellulose depolymerization, whereas the level of relative humidity has no impact. The cellulose depolymerization also appears closely correlated to oxidative mechanisms. Regarding the oxidation of iron, it only occurs in the simultaneous presence of oxygen and moisture, suggesting the occurrence of rustlike oxidative mechanisms. Finally, the presence of gallic acid has a strong influence, which is only partially explained by its capacity to reduce iron(III) to iron(II). |
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000288887700028 |
Publication Date |
2011-03-04 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0003-2700; 5206-882x |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
6.32 |
Times cited |
28 |
Open Access |
|
Notes |
; This research was supported by the French Ministry of Culture within the National Program of Research (“La conservation des manuscrits: etude du vieillissement naturel de papiers impregnes d'encres ferrogalliques”). It was funded by grants from HASYLAB (experiments I-20090280 EC and II-20060245 EC) and SOLEIL (proposals 20060396 and 20080761) and was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme Belgian Science Policy (1UAP V1/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects nos. G.0689.06, G.0704.08 and G017909N. We are thankful to Dr. Dominique Thaudiere, Dr. Solenn Reguer, Dr. Andrea Somogyi, Dr. Karen Appel, Dr. Manuela Borchert, and Dr. Gerald Falkenberg for their assistance and help during the experiments performed at SOLEIL beamline “DIFFABS” and at HASYLAB Beam line “L” respectively. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.32; 2011 IF: 5.856 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:89593 |
Serial |
5822 |
Permanent link to this record |
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|
|
Author |
de Raedt, I.; Janssens, K.; Veeckman, J.; Adams, F. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Samenstelling van 15de- tot 17de-eeuwse glazen voorwerpen opgegraven in Antwerpen |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
89-110 |
Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
|
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:19318 |
Serial |
5823 |
Permanent link to this record |
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|
|
Author |
de Raedt, I.; Janssens, K.; Veeckman, J.; Adams, F. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Samenstelling van 15de- tot 17de-eeuwse glazen voorwerpen opgegraven in Antwerpen: deel 1 |
Type |
A3 Journal article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journaal van de Belgische Vereniging voor Glastechnieken |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
9-17 |
Keywords |
A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
|
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
|
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record |
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:24908 |
Serial |
5824 |
Permanent link to this record |
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|
Author |
de Raedt, I.; Janssens, K.; Veeckman, J.; Adams, F. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Samenstelling van 15de- tot 17de-eeuwse glazen voorwerpen opgegraven in Antwerpen: deel 2 |
Type |
A3 Journal article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journaal van de Belgische Vereniging voor Glastechnieken |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
5-19 |
Keywords |
A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
|
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
|
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record |
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:24910 |
Serial |
5825 |
Permanent link to this record |
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|
Author |
Alfeld, M.; van der Snickt, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; Appel, K.; van der Loeff, L.; Chavannes, M.; Meedendorp, T.; Hendriks, E. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Scanning XRF investigation of a Flower Still Life and its underlying composition from the collection of the Kröller-Muller Museum |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Applied physics A : materials science & processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Phys A-Mater |
Volume |
111 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
165-175 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
|
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000316075700020 |
Publication Date |
2013-01-29 |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0947-8396 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
1.455 |
Times cited |
35 |
Open Access |
|
Notes |
; This research was supported by the SSD program of BELSPO, Brussels (project S2-ART). Results are also presented here from Gemeenschappelijke Onderzoeksactie (GOA) 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund, University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) (Brussels, Belgium) project Nos. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. The research leading to these results was funded by the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 226716 and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) under the VIDI project “Looking Over the Painter's Shoulder” (grant No. 700.10.426). M. Alfeld is the recipient of a Ph.D. fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.455; 2013 IF: 1.694 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:108264 |
Serial |
5826 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Allegretta, I.; Legrand, S.; Alfeld, M.; Gattullo, C.E.; Porfido, C.; Spagnuolo, M.; Janssens, K.; Terzano, R. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
SEM-EDX hyperspectral data analysis for the study of soil aggregates |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Geoderma: an international journal of soil science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Geoderma |
Volume |
406 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
Abstract |
Scanning electron microscopy coupled with microanalysis (SEM-EDX) is an important analytical tool for the morphological and chemical characterization of different types of materials. In many applications, SEM-EDX elemental maps are usually used and processed as images, thus flattening and reducing the spectroscopic information contained in EDX hyperspectral data cubes. The exploitation of the full hyperspectral dataset could be indeed very useful for the study of complex matrices like soil. In order to maximize the information attainable by SEM-EDX data cubes analysis, the software package “Datamuncher Gamma” was implemented and applied to study soil aggregates. By using this approach, different phases (silicates, aluminosilicates, Ca-carbonates, Ca-phosphates, organic matter, iron oxides) inside soil aggregates were successfully identified and segmented. The advantages of this method over the common ROI imaging approach are presented. Finally, this method was used to compare different aggregates in a Cr-polluted soil and understand their possible pedological history. The present method can be used for the analysis of every type of SEM-EDX data cubes, allowing its application to different types of samples and fields of study. |
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000708893700026 |
Publication Date |
2021-10-21 |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0016-7061 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
6.1 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.1 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:182493 |
Serial |
7207 |
Permanent link to this record |
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|
|
Author |
Vanmeert, F.; Mudronja, D.; Fazinic, S.; Janssens, K.; Tibljas, D. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Semi-quantitative analysis of the formation of a calcium oxalate protective layer for monumental limestone using combined micro-XRF and micro-XRPD |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
X-ray spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
X-Ray Spectrom |
Volume |
42 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
256-261 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
Abstract |
A current method for the protection of cretaceous limestone present in various monuments consists of performing a passivating treatment with ammonium oxalate (AmOx). A calcium oxalate protective layer is formed on the surface and enhances the acid resistance of the stone. The in-depth formation of the calcium oxalate layer was investigated on cross sections by using combined micro X-ray fluorescence and micro X-ray powder diffraction (mu XRF/mu XRPD). XRPD showed the presence of both whewellite and weddellite in the calcite stone matrix. A correction was made for sample misalignment, which was visible in both the fluorescence and the diffraction line measurements. A semi-quantitative analysis was performed on the basis of Klug's equation for a two-phase mixture (the presence of weddellite was neglected) without the need for a known reference sample. By assuming two extreme compositions for a reference weight fraction (1 and 99wt%), it was possible to obtain whewellite concentration profiles, which can be used for comparing the effectiveness of different methods for the application of AmOx to the stone surface and the effect of treatment time and AmOx concentration used. It is shown that for the relative amounts of whewellite formed, the differences due to the assumed weight fractions are smaller than the errors due to sample heterogeneity and preferred orientation. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000320727900015 |
Publication Date |
2013-05-14 |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0049-8246 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
1.298 |
Times cited |
5 |
Open Access |
|
Notes |
; The authors would like to thank De Nolf W. for his valuable feedback on the analysis of the X-ray diffraction data. We acknowledge SOLEIL for provision of SR facilities (proposal ID 20100979), and we would like to thank Dr. C. Mocuta for his assistance at the DIFFABS beamline. This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. The EU Community's FP7 Research Infrastructures program for the CHARISMA Project (grant agreement 228330) and, within framework in particular, the access possibilities to the SOLEIL and IPANEMA facilities are also acknowledged. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.298; 2013 IF: 1.187 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:109579 |
Serial |
5827 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Padilla, R.; van Espen, P.; Abrahantes, A.; Janssens, K. |
Title ![sorted by Title field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Semiempirical approach for standardless calibration in µ-XRF spectrometry using capillary lenses |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
X-ray spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
X-Ray Spectrom |
Volume |
34 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
19-27 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3) |
Abstract |
|
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000226260800004 |
Publication Date |
2004-09-14 |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0049-8246 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
1.298 |
Times cited |
23 |
Open Access |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.298; 2005 IF: 1.372 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:52230 |
Serial |
5828 |
Permanent link to this record |