Abstract: A superconducting rod with a magnetic moment on top develops vortices obtained here through 3D calculations of the GinzburgLandau theory. The inhomogeneity of the applied field brings new properties to the vortex patterns that vary according to the rod thickness. We find that for thin rods (disks) the vortex patterns are similar to those obtained in presence of a homogeneous magnetic field instead because they consist of giant vortex states. For thick rods novel patterns are obtained as vortices are curve lines in space that exit through the lateral surface.

Abstract: We use the anisotropic time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory to investigate the effect of a square array of out-of-plane magnetic dots on the dynamics of Josephson vortices (fluxons) in artificial stacks of superconducting-normal-superconducting (SNS) Josephson junctions in the presence of external DC and AC currents. Periodic pinning due to the magnetic dots distorts the triangular lattice of fluxons and results in the appearance of commensurability features in the current-voltage characteristics of the system. For the larger values of the magnetization, additional peaks appear in the voltage-time characteristics of the system due to the creation and annihilation of vortex-antivortex pairs. Peculiar changes in the response of the system to the applied current is found resulting in a “superradiant” vortex-flow state at large current values, where a rectangular lattice of moving vortices is formed. Synchronizing the motion of fluxons by adding a small ac component to the biasing dc current is realized. However, we found that synchronization becomes difficult for large magnetization of the dots due to the formation of vortex-antivortex pairs.

Abstract: The effect of B and P dopants on the band structure of Si nanowires is studied using electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory. At low concentrations a dispersionless band is formed, clearly distinguishable from the valence and conduction bands. Although this band is evidently induced by the dopant impurity, it turns out to have purely Si character. These results can be rigorously analyzed in the framework of effective mass theory. In the process we resolve some common misconceptions about the physics of hydrogenic shallow impurities, which can be more clearly elucidated in the case of nanowires than would be possible for bulk Si. We also show the importance of correctly describing the effect of dielectric confinement, which is not included in traditional electronic structure calculations, by comparing the obtained results with those of G(0)W(0) calculations.

Abstract: We present a theoretical investigation of the plasmon-polariton modes in grating coupled graphene inside a Fabry-Perot cavity. The cavity or photon modes of the device are determined by the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations and the corresponding plasmon-polariton modes are obtained by applying a many-body self-consistent field theory. We find that in such a device structure, the electric field strength of the incident electromagnetic (EM) field can be significantly enhanced near the edges of the grating strips. Thus, the strong coupling between the EM field and the plasmons in graphene can be achieved and the features of the plasmon-polariton oscillations in the structure can be observed. It is found that the frequencies of the plasmon-polariton modes are in the terahertz (THz) bandwidth and depend sensitively on electron density which can be tuned by applying a gate voltage. Moreover, the coupling between the cavity photons and the plasmons in graphene can be further enhanced by increasing the filling factor of the device. This work can help us to gain an in-depth understanding of the THz plasmonic properties of graphene-based structures.

Abstract: Edge functionalization of graphene nanoribbons with nitrogen atoms for various adatom configurations at armchair and zigzag edges are investigated. We provide comprehensive information on the electronic and magnetic properties and investigate the stability of the various systems. Two types of rippling of the nanoribbons, namely edge and bulk rippling depending on the sign of edge stress induced at the edge, are found. They are found to play the decisive role for the stability of the structures. We also propose a type of edge decoration in which every third nitrogen adatom at the zigzag edges is replaced by an oxygen atom. In this way, the electron count is compatible with a full aromatic structure, leading to additional stability and a disappearance of magnetism that is usually associated with zigzag nanoribbons.

Abstract: Using relativistic density-functional calculations, we examine the magneto-crystalline anisotropy and exchange properties of transition-metal atoms adsorbed on 2D-GaAs. We show that single Mn and Mo atom (Co and Os) strongly bind on 2D-GaAs, and induce local out-of-plane (in-plane) magnetic anisotropy. When a pair of TM atoms is adsorbed on 2D-GaAs in a close range from each other, magnetisation properties change (become tunable) with respect to concentrations and ordering of the adatoms. In all cases, we reveal presence of strong Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. These results indicate novel pathways towards two-dimensional chiral magnetic materials by design, tailored for desired applications in magneto-electronics.

Abstract: Dirac plasmons in graphene hybridize with phonons of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) when the materials are combined in so-called van der Waals heterostructures (vdWh), thus forming surface plasmon-phonon polaritons (SPPPs). The extend to which these modes are coupled depends on the TMD composition and structure, but also on the plasmons' properties. By performing realistic simulations that account for the contribution of each layer of the vdWh separately, we calculate how the strength of plasmon-phonon coupling depends on the number and composition of TMD layers, on the graphene Fermi energy and the specific phonon mode. From this, we present a semiclassical theory that is capable of capturing all relevant characteristics of the SPPPs. We find that it is possible to realize both strong and ultra-strong coupling regimes by tuning graphene's Fermi energy and changing TMD layer number.

Abstract: Quantum transport calculations are conducted using nonequilibrium Green's functional formalism to study the effect of halogenation on the electronic transport properties of aromatic S-(C6H5)(2)X and alkanethiolate S-(CH2)(11)X molecules (with X = H, F, Cl, Br, or I) sandwiched between gold electrodes. In terms of conductance, both molecules show the same dependence on the halogen terminal groups despite their different electronic nature. For example, fluorination results in a reduction of the current by almost an order of magnitude, whereas iodine substitution leads to larger current as compared to the reference system (i.e. hydrogen termination). Regarding the asymmetry in the current-voltage characteristics, halogenation reduces the rectification level for the aromatic molecule with the smallest asymmetry for iodine termination. However, in the case of alkanethiolate molecule, halogen substitution increases the current rectification except for fluorination. A physical explanation of these results is obtained from the analysis of the behavior of the density of states, transmission spectra and transmission eigenstates. These findings are of practical importance in exploring the potential of halogenation for creating functional molecular self-assemblies on metallic substrates.

Abstract: Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the effects of different cations on the permeation of charged polymers through flat capillaries with heights below 2 nm. Interestingly, we found that, despite being monovalent, Li+ , Na+ , and K+ cations have different effects on polymer permeation, which consequently affects their transmission speed throughout those capillaries. We attribute this phenomenon to the interplay of the cations' hydration free energies and the hydrodynamic drag in front of the polymer when it enters the capillary. Different alkali cations exhibit different surface versus bulk preferences in small clusters of water under the influence of an external electric field. This paper presents a tool to control the speed of charged polymers in confined spaces using cations.

Abstract: Silicon-based materials are attractive for thermoelectric applications due to their thermal stability, chemical inertness, and natural abundance of silicon. Here, using a combination of first-principles and Boltzmann transport calculations we report the thermoelectric properties of the recently synthesized compound Mg3Si2Te6. Our analysis reveals that Mg3Si2Te6 is a direct bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.6 eV. The combination of heavy and light valence bands, along with a high valley degeneracy, results in a large power factor under p-type doping. We also find that Mg is weakly bonded both within and between the layers, leading to low phonon group velocities. The vibrations of the Mg atoms are localized and make a significant contribution to phonon-phonon scattering. This high anharmonicity, coupled with low phonon group velocity, results in a low lattice thermal conductivity of & kappa;(l) = 0.5 W m(-1) K-1 at room temperature, along the cross-plane direction. Combining excellent electronic transport properties and low & kappa;(l), p-type Mg3Si2Te6 achieves figure-of-merit (zT) values greater than 1 at temperatures above 600 K. Specifically, a zT of 2.0 is found at 900 K along the cross-plane direction. Our findings highlight the importance of structural complexity and chemical bonding in electronic and phonon transport, providing guiding insights for further design of Si-based thermoelectrics.

Abstract: Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is considered as an ideal semiconductor material for solid-state neutron detector, owing to its large neutron scattering section because of the low atomic number of B and excellent physical properties. Here we study the influence of neutron irradiation on crystal structure and on intermediate energy state (IMES) levels induced by the presence of impurities and defects in hBN. Large-size and thick pyrolytic and hot-pressed hBN (PBN and HBN) samples, which can be directly applied for neutron detector devices, are prepared and bombarded by neutrons with different irradiation fluences. The SEM and TEM are used to observe the sample difference of PBN and HBN. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy are applied to examine the influence of neutron irradiation on lattice structures along different crystal directions of PBN and HBN samples. Photoluminescence (PL) is employed to study the effect of neutron irradiation on IMESs in these samples. We find that the neutron irradiation does not alter the in-plane lattice structures of both PBN and HBN samples, but it can release the inter-layer tensions induced by sample growth of the PBN samples. Interestingly and surprisingly, the neutron irradiation does not affect the IMES levels responsible for PL generation, where PL is attributed mainly from phonon-assisted radiative electron-hole coupling for both PBN and HBN samples. Furthermore, the results indicate that the neutron irradiation can weaken the effective carrier-phonon coupling and exciton transitions in PBN and HBN samples. Overall, both PBN and HBN samples show some degree of the resistance to neutron irradiation in terms of these basic physical properties. The interesting and important findings from this work can help us to gain an in-depth understanding of the influence of neutron irradiation on basic physical properties of hBN materials. These effects can be taken into account when designing and applying the hBN materials for neutron detectors.

Abstract: We theoretically investigate the binding energy and electron-hole (e-h) overlap of excitonic states confined at the interface between two-dimensional materials with type-II band alignment, i.e., with lowest conduction and highest valence band edges placed in different materials, arranged in a side-by-side planar heterostructure. We propose a variational procedure within the effective mass approximation to calculate the exciton ground state and apply our model to a monolayer MoS2/WS2 heterostructure. The role of nonabrupt interfaces between the materials is accounted for in our model by assuming a WxMo1-xS2 alloy around the interfacial region. Our results demonstrate that (i) interface-bound excitons are energetically favorable only for small interface thickness and/or for systems under high dielectric screening by the materials surrounding the monolayer, and that (ii) the interface exciton binding energy and its e-h overlap are controllable by the interface width and dielectric environment.

Abstract: Transport measurements are readily used to probe different phases in disordered topological insulators (TIs), where determining topological invariants explicitly is challenging. On that note, universal conductance fluctuations (UCF) theory asserts the conductance G for an ensemble has a Gaussian distribution, and that standard deviation 8G depends solely on the symmetries and dimensions of the system. Using a real-space tight -binding Hamiltonian on a system with Anderson disorder, we explore conductance fluctuations in a thin Bi2Se3 film and demonstrate the agreement of their behavior with UCF hypotheses. We further show that magnetic field applied out-of-plane breaks the time -reversal symmetry and transforms the system's Wigner-Dyson class from root symplectic to unitary, increasing 8G by 2. Finally, we reveal that while Bi2Se3 is a strong TI, weak TI and metallic phases can be stabilized in presence of strain and disorder, and detected by monitoring the conductance fluctuations.

Abstract: The energy spectrum and density of states of graphene bilayer superlattices (SLs) are evaluated. We take into account doping and/or gating of the layers as well as tunnel coupling between them. In addition, we evaluate the transmission through such SLs and through single or double barriers. The transmission exhibits a strong dependence on the direction of the incident wave vector.