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Author |
Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; Cotte, M.; Susini, J. |
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Title |
Photon-based techniques for nondestructive subsurface analysis of painted cultural heritage artifacts |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication  |
Accounts of chemical research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Accounts Chem Res |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
814-825 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Often, just micrometers below a paintings surface lies a wealth of information, both with Old Masters such as Peter Paul Rubens and Rembrandt van Rijn and with more recent artists of great renown such as Vincent Van Gogh and James Ensor. Subsurface layers may include underdrawing, underpainting, and alterations, and in a growing number of cases conservators have discovered abandoned compositions on paintings, illustrating artists practice of reusing a canvas or panel. The standard methods for studying the inner structure of cultural heritage (CH) artifacts are infrared reflectography and X-ray radiography, techniques that are optionally complemented with the microscopic analysis of cross-sectioned samples. These methods have limitations, but recently, a number of fundamentally new approaches for fully imaging the buildup of hidden paint layers and other complex three-dimensional (3D) substructures have been put into practice. In this Account, we discuss these developments and their recent practical application with CH artifacts. We begin with a tabular summary of 14 IR- and X-ray-based imaging methods and then continue with a discussion of each technique, illustrating CH applications with specific case studies. X-ray-based tomographic and laminographic techniques can be used to generate 3D renditions of artifacts of varying dimensions. These methods are proving invaluable for exploring inner structures, identifying the conservation state, and postulating the original manufacturing technology of metallic and other sculptures. In the analysis of paint layers, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) can highlight interfaces between layers in a stratigraphic buildup, whereas macrosopic scanning X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) has been employed to measure the distribution of pigments within these layers. This combination of innovative methods provides topographic and color information about the micrometer depth scale, allowing us to look into paintings in an entirely new manner. Over the past five years, several new variants of traditional IR- and X-ray-based imaging methods have been implemented by conservators and museums, and the first reports have begun to emerge in the primary research literature. Applying these state-of-the-art techniques in a complementary fashion affords a more comprehensive view of paintings and other artworks. |
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Wos |
000278842500013 |
Publication Date |
2010-05-12 |
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0001-4842 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
20.268 |
Times cited |
78 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects nr. G.0704.08 and G.0179.09 and from the UA-BOF GOA programme. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 20.268; 2010 IF: 21.852 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:83983 |
Serial |
5772 |
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Author |
Cotte, M.; Susini, J.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy for art conservation: looking back and looking forward |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Accounts of chemical research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Accounts Chem Res |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
705-714 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
A variety of analytical techniques augmented by the use of synchrotron radiation (SR), such as X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) and X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD), are now readily available, and they differ little, conceptually, from their common laboratory counterparts. Because of numerous advantages afforded by SR-based techniques over benchtop versions, however, SR methods have become popular with archaeologists, art historians, curators, and other researchers in the field of cultural heritage (CH). Although the CH community now commonly uses both SR-XRF and SR-XRD, the use of synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (SR-XAS) techniques remains marginal, mostly because CH specialists rarely interact with SR physicists. In this Account, we examine the basic principles and capabilities of XAS techniques in art preservation. XAS techniques offer a combination of features particularly well-suited for the chemical analysis of works of art. The methods are noninvasive, have low detection limits, afford high lateral resolution, and provide exceptional chemical sensitivity. These characteristics are highly desirable for the chemical characterization of precious, heterogeneous, and complex materials. In particular, the chemical mapping capability, with high spatial resolution that provides information about local composition and chemical states, even for trace elements, is a unique asset. The chemistry involved in both the objects history (that is, during fabrication) and future (that is, during preservation and restoration treatments) can be addressed by XAS. On the one hand, many studies seek to explain optical effects occurring in historical glasses or ceramics by probing the molecular environment of relevant chromophores. Hence, XAS can provide insight into craft skills that were mastered years, decades, or centuries ago but were lost over the course of time. On the other hand, XAS can also be used to characterize unwanted reactions, which are then considered alteration phenomena and can dramatically alter the objects original visual properties. In such cases, the bulk elemental composition is usually unchanged. Hence, monitoring oxidation state (or, more generally, other chemical modifications) can be of great importance. Recent applications of XAS in art conservation are reviewed and new trends are discussed, highlighting the value (and future possibilities) of XAS, which remains, given its potential, underutilized in the CH community. |
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000278842500003 |
Publication Date |
2010-01-08 |
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ISSN |
0001-4842 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
20.268 |
Times cited |
74 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 20.268; 2010 IF: 21.852 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:83982 |
Serial |
5861 |
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Author |
Albrecht, W.; Van Aert, S.; Bals, S. |
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Title |
Three-Dimensional Nanoparticle Transformations Captured by an Electron Microscope |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Accounts Of Chemical Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Accounts Chem Res |
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Volume |
54 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1189-1199 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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000626269900011 |
Publication Date |
2021-03-02 |
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ISSN |
0001-4842 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
20.268 |
Times cited |
12 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
The authors acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC Consolidator Grants No. 815128–REALNANO and No. 770887–PICOMETRICS), the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, G.0267.18N), and the European Commission (EUSMI). The authors furthermore acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, ESTEEM3. The authors also acknowledge contributions from all co-workers that have contributed over the years: Thomas Altantzis, Annick De Backer, Joost Batenburg and co-workers, Armand Béché, Eva Bladt, Lewys Jones and co-workers, Luis Liz-Marzán and co-workers, Ivan Lobato, Thais Milagres de Oliveira, Peter Nellist and co-workers, Hugo Pérez Garza and co-workers, Alexander Skorikov, Sara Skrabalak and co-workers, Sandra Van Aert, Alfons van Blaaderen and co-workers, Hans Vanrompay, Staf Van Tendeloo, and Johan Verbeeck.; sygmaSB; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 20.268 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:177644 |
Serial |
6752 |
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Mosquera, J.; Wang, D.; Bals, S.; Liz-Marzan, L.M. |
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Title |
Surfactant layers on gold nanorods |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Accounts of chemical research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1204-1212 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Gold nanorods (Au NRs) are an exceptionally promising tool in nanotechnology due to three key factors: (i) their strong interaction with electromagnetic radiation, stemming from their plasmonic nature, (ii) the ease with which the resonance frequency of their longitudinal plasmon mode can be tuned from the visible to the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spect r u m based on their aspect ratio, and (iii) their simple and cost-effective preparation through seed-mediated chemical growth. In this synthetic method, surfactants play a critical role in controlling the size, shape, and colloidal stabi l i t y of Au NRs. For example, surfactants can stabilize specific crystallographic facets during the formation of Au NRs, leading to t h e formation of NRs with specific morphologies. The process of surfactant adsorption onto the NR surface may result in various assemblies of surfactant molecules, such as spherical micelles, elongated micelles, or bilayers. Again, the assembly mode is critical toward determining the further availabi l i t y of the Au NR surface to the surrounding medium. Despite its importance and a great deal of research effort, the interaction between Au NPs and surfactants remains insufficiently understood, because the assembly process is influenced by numerous factors, including the chemical nature of the surfactant, the surface morphology of Au NPs, and solution parameters. Therefore, gaining a more comprehensive understanding of these interactions is essential to unlock the full potential of the seed-mediated growth method and the applications of plasmonic NPs. A plethora of characterization techniques have been applied to reach such an understanding , but many open questions remain. In this Account, we review the current knowledge on the interactions between surfactants and Au NRs. We briefly introduce the state-of-the-art methods for synthesizing Au NRs and highlight the crucial role of cationic surfactants during this process. The self-assembly and organization of surfactants on the Au NR surface is then discussed to better understand their role in seed-mediated growth. Subsequently, we provide examples and elucidate how chemical additives can be used to modulate micellar assemblies, in turn allowing for a finer control over the growth of Au NRs, including chiral NRs. Next, we review the main experimental characterization and computational modeling techniques that have been applied to shed light on the arrangement of surfactants on Au NRs and summarize the advantages and disadvantages for each technique. The Account ends with a “Conclusions and Outlook” section, outlining promising future research directions and developments that we consider are sti l l required, mostly related to the application of electron microscopy in liquid and in 3D. Finally, we remark on the potential of exploiting machine learning techniques to predict synthetic routes for NPs with predefined structures and properties. |
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000986447000001 |
Publication Date |
2023-05-08 |
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ISSN |
0001-4842 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
18.3 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
The authors acknowledge financial support by the European Research Council (ERC CoG No. 815128 REALNANO to S.B.; ERC AdG No. 787510, 4DbioSERS to L.M.L.-M.) , from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ESF Investing in your future” (Grant PID2020-117779RB-I00 to L.M.L.-M. and Grants RYC2019-027842-I , PID2020-117885GA-I00 to J.M.) , and by Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology (No. 2017B030301007) , National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics (No. 2016B01018) , MOE Interna-tional Laboratory for Optical Information Technologies, and the 111 projects. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 18.3; 2023 IF: 20.268 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:196768 |
Serial |
8940 |
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