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Author Worobiec, A.; Samek, J.; Krata, A.; van Meel, K.; Krupińska, B.; Stefaniak, E.A.; Karaszkiewicz, P.; Van Grieken, R. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Transport and deposition of airborne pollutants in exhibition areas located in historical buildings: study in Wawel Castle Museum in Cracow, Poland Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2010 Publication Journal of cultural heritage Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 354-359  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)  
  Abstract Historical buildings and castles that have been turned nowadays into museums, as an exhibition area for precious cultural heritage (CH) items, need more attention since they are CH objects by themselves. Moreover, the preservation techniques require often, significant interventions; however such changes are not always possible or are very limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of outdoor air pollution on the composition of particulate matter and gases inside the museum of Wawel Castle in Cracow, Poland. During this study a combination of micro and trace analysis techniques were applied, including energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). An intensive transport of air pollutants coupled with accumulation of the particles inside the museum was noticed (considerably higher in winter than summer). A high content of carbon and organic matter agglomerated with inorganic particles was determined. Those particles are of special concern because of their adhesive properties and reactivity. It was also noted that the conditions inside the museum favour the reaction of the particles with gaseous pollutants. It was especially the case for nitrate particles.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000279867800017 Publication Date 2010-03-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1296-2074 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:83277 Serial 8698  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Verbueken, A.H.; van de Vijver, F.L.; Visser, W.J.; Roels, F.; Van Grieken, R.; de Broe, M.E. doi  openurl
  Title Use of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) for localizing multiple elements in soft and hard tissues Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1987 Publication Biological trace element research Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 397-416  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)  
  Abstract The potential of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) as a sensitive microanalytical technique was explored in applications relevant to nephrology. Aluminum and associated elements, such as iron, were localized in fresh tissue biopsies obtained from uremic patients treatment by chronic hemodialysis. The LAMMA was applied to serum, liver, bone, and parathyroid glands of such patients. In addition, we used LAMMA to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of routine histochemistry, in particular on human bone sections stained by the aluminon method. The high, multielemental sensitivity and molecular microprobe potential of LAMMA established important advantages over other microchemical methods forin situ analysis at the micron level in histological sections.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1987L016000036 Publication Date 2007-12-31  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0163-4984 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116796 Serial 8721  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Van Grieken, R.; Worobiec, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title X-ray spectrometry for preventive conservation of cultural heritage Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2011 Publication Pramåna: a journal of physics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 191-200  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)  
  Abstract Analytical chemistry does play a key role in the chemical characterization of the environment and it appears that X-ray spectrometry, in its many forms, is one of the most relevant analytical techniques in preventive conservation, as it is in cultural heritage research in general. X-ray spectrometry has indeed been the method of choice for the characterization of the inorganic composition of atmospheric aerosols, for a long time. We have, over the last decade, intensively used various forms of X-ray spectrometry, viz., mostly energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, e.g. with polarized high-energy beam excitation, and automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis, together with other techniques, to identify particle types and their sources in indoor environments, including museums, while gaseous indoor pollutants were assessed using passive diffusion samplers. In each case, both bulk aerosols and individual aerosol particles were studied. For microanalysis of single particles, we have investigated a dozen techniques, but for wide, real-life applications, automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis is the most rewarding. We have first studied atmospheric aerosols in and around the Correr Museum in Venice, many other museums in Austria, Japan and England, and in the caves with prehistoric rock paintings in Altamira, Spain. Very recently, measurements were done in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and theWawel Castle in Cracow, in Italian and Polish mountain churches, in a number of museums in Belgium and the Netherlands, and in cathedrals with medieval stained glass windows. In the Correr museum, it appeared that the particles most threatening for the Bellini paintings were released by the deteriorating plaster renderings, and this could be avoided by simply improving the rendering on the museum walls. In the Wawel Castle, outdoor pollution particles, like fine soot from diesel traffic, entering via leaks in the windows and doors, and also street-deicing salts and coal burning pollution particles, brought in by visitors, mostly in winter, were found to be most worrisome. Urgent questions that are not solved at this moment pertain to the deposition processes from the atmosphere to the cultural heritage items, the critical surface interactions that take place on these items, and the establishment of suitable particle concentration standards.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000288861000002 Publication Date 2011-05-20  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0304-4289; 0973-7111 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:87025 Serial 8785  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Smekens, A.; Godoi, R.H.M.; Vervoort, M.; van Espen, P.; Potgieter-Vermaak, S.S.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Characterization of individual soot aggregates from different sources using image analysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2007 Publication Journal of atmospheric chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 211-223  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000245105900001 Publication Date 2007-01-02  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0167-7764 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:63840 Serial 7628  
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Author Bondarenko, I.; van Espen, P.; Treiger, B.; Van Grieken, R.; Adams, F. openurl 
  Title Classification of coal mine dust particles through fuzzy clustering of their energy-dispersive electron microprobe X-ray spectra Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1994 Publication Microbeam analysis Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 33-37  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1061-3420 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:8916 Serial 7667  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Treiger, B.; Bondarenko, I.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R.; Adams, F. doi  openurl
  Title Classification of mineral particles by nonlinear mapping of electron microprobe energy-dispersive X-ray spectra Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1994 Publication The analyst Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 119 Issue Pages 971-974  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1994NR76500037 Publication Date 2004-03-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:8918 Serial 7669  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Kips, R.; Pidduck, A.J.; Houlton, M.R.; Leenaers, A.; Mace, J.D.; Marie, O.; Pointurier, F.; Stefaniak, E.A.; Taylor, P.D.P.; van den Berghe, S.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R.; Wellum, R. doi  openurl
  Title Determination of fluorine in uranium oxyfluoride particles as an indicator of particle age Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2009 Publication Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 199-207  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract As swipe samples from enrichment activities typically contain uranium particles with a detectable amount of fluorine, the question was raised whether the analysis of fluorine in particles could complement the information on the uranium isotope ratios. For this, uranium oxyfluoride particles were prepared from the controlled hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride (UF6). The relative amount of fluorine was characterized by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX), as well as ion-microprobe secondary ion mass spectrometry (IM-SIMS). Of particular interest was the assessment of the reduction of the amount of fluorine over time, and after exposure to UV-light and high temperatures. Micro-Raman spectrometry (MRS) was applied to look for differences in molecular structure between these various sample types. Both SEM-EDX and IM-SIMS showed a general reduction of the fluorine-to-uranium ratio after 12 years of storage. The exposure to UV-light and high temperatures was found to have accelerated the loss of fluorine. A distinct peak at 865 cm− 1 Raman shift was detected for the majority of particles analyzed by MRS. For the particles that were heat-treated, the Raman spectra were similar to the spectrum of U3O8. Although often large variations were observed between particles from the same sample, the three particle measurement techniques (IM-SIMS, SEM-EDX and MRS) showed some consistent trends. They therefore appear promising in terms of the ability to place bounds on particle age, as well as shedding light on the complex processes involved in UO2F2 particle ageing.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000265755600002 Publication Date 2008-12-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0584-8547; 1873-3565 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:77057 Serial 7780  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Araujo, M.F.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Determination of sample thickness via scattered radiation in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with filtered continuum excitation Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1990 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 29-33  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract A semi-empirical approach is described for determining the mass per unit area of a sample being analysed. The method can be used to estimate the concentration of minor and trace elements in matrices containing a substantial amount of light elements. The procedure utilizes the coherently and incoherently scattered radiation induced in the sample by the filtered continuum radiation of a rhodium x-ray tube. The relationship between the intensity of the scattered radiation per unit mass and the average atomic number of the sample is established via calibration graphs, which can be applied for different x-ray tube voltages and for different primary beam filters. The overall procedure was validated by the analysis of several geological standards, deposited as thin slurries of unknown thickness either on Mylar foil or on Nuclepore filters.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1990CU24700005 Publication Date 2005-05-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116491 Serial 7787  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author van Espen, P.; Van 't dack, L.; Adams, F.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Effective sample weight from scatter peaks in energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1979 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 961-967  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1979GW66100047 Publication Date 2005-03-16  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:111404 Serial 7841  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Osán, J.; de Hoog, J.; van Espen, P.; Szalóki, I.; Ro, C.-U.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Evaluation of energy-dispersive x-ray spectra of low-Z elements from electron-probe microanalysis of individual particles Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2001 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 30 Issue Pages 419-426  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000172347800010 Publication Date 2002-08-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:36091 Serial 7939  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Kindratenko, V.V.; van Espen, P.J.M.; Treiger, B.A.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title Fractal dimensional classification of aerosol particles by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1994 Publication Environmental science and technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 28 Issue Pages 2197-2202  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1994PP82900033 Publication Date 2007-05-30  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0013-936x; 1520-5851 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:9497 Serial 7983  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bondarenko, I.; Treiger, B.; Van Grieken, R.; van Espen, P. openurl 
  Title IDAS: a Windows based software package for cluster analysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1996 Publication Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 51 Issue Pages 441-456  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0584-8547; 1873-3565 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:14649 Serial 8050  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Treiger, B.; Injuk, J.; Bondarenko, I.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R.; Breitenbach, L.; Wätjen, U. doi  openurl
  Title Non-linear mapping of microbeam proton-induced X-ray emission data for source identification of North Sea aerosols Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1994 Publication Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 345-353  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1994NM41200004 Publication Date 2003-04-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0584-8547; 1873-3565 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:9500 Serial 8314  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Samek, L.; Injuk, J.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Performance of a new compact EDXRF spectrometer for aerosol analysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2002 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 31 Issue Pages 84-86  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000173653400015 Publication Date 2002-10-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:36383 Serial 8371  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Maenhaut, W.; Selen, A.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R.; Winchester, W.J. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Pixe analysis of aerosol samples collected over the atlantic-ocean from a sailboat Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1981 Publication Nuclear instruments and methods Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 181 Issue 1-3 Pages 399-405  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract Size-fractionated aerosol samples, collected over the Atlantic Ocean, were analyzed for up to 20 elements by PIXE. Using a sailboat as sampling platform, duplicate samples were taken for two-day periods by means of battery operated 6-stage cascade impactors, positioned about 8 m above the sea surface. In the PIXE analysis of the fine particle stages (stages 3 to 5) a 5 times smaller beam size was used than for stages 1 and 2. This led to significant improvement in the detection limits for the former stages. The results from the duplicate impactor samples were normally in good agreement, indicating that the combined uncertainty of sampling and PIXE analysis was of the order of 20%. The precision of the PIXE analysis alone was investigated by rebombarding some samples six months after the first analysis. The trends with time of the fine particle sulfur and the coarse particle iron concentrations are discussed in some detail.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1981LH81100073 Publication Date 2002-11-11  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0029-554x; 1878-3759 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:113628 Serial 8386  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Eltayeb, M.A.H.; van Espen, P.J.; Cafmeyer, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Maenhaut, W. doi  openurl
  Title Size-differentiated composition of aerosols in Khartoum, Sudan Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1992 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 120 Issue Pages 281-299  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1992JA65200008 Publication Date 2003-09-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697; 1879-1026 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:2834 Serial 8543  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Treiger, B.; van Malderen, H.; Bondarenko, I.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Studying aerosol samples by non-linear mapping of electron probe microanalysis data Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1993 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 284 Issue Pages 119-124  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1993MR27600014 Publication Date 2002-07-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2670; 1873-4324 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:6224 Serial 8610  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Trincavelli, J.; Montoro, S.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title M\alpha/L\alpha intensity ratios for Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb and Bi for electron energies in the 11-40 keV range Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1993 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 22 Issue Pages 372-376  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract Both energy- and wavelength-dispersive systems were used to obtain Malpha/Lalpha intensity ratios for Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb and Bi at various overvoltages. A table of these ratios corrected for matrix absorption and detector efficiency is presented, in addition to an interpolatory function of Malpha/Lalpha generated ratios vs. overvoltage, for each element. In addition, three different ZAF correction models were used to predict both detected and generated ratios. Finally, experimental Mbeta/Malpha ratios measured at different overvoltages are presented for the six elements considered.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1993MB01200008 Publication Date 2005-05-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:6221 Serial 8649  
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Author Krupińska, B.; Van Grieken, R.; De Wael, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Air quality monitoring in a museum for preventive conservation : results of a three-year study in the Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp, Belgium Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Microchemical journal Abbreviated Journal Microchem J  
  Volume 110 Issue Pages 350-360  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Through different research projects on air quality in museums, researcher and conservators try identifying various risks of air pollution on materials. The conclusions may be later translated into specific actions for a maximum preservation of the museum collections, a process known as preventive conservation. Air pollution is a particular problem in historical buildings such as museums, because they were not originally built to exhibit and protect art objects in a sustainable way. This article reports on the data and results that were obtained during 10 sampling campaigns, in the period between November 2008 and February 2012 in a museum in Antwerp (Belgium), i.e. Plantin-Moretus Museum/Print Room. Different pollutants were measured inside and outside the museum such as inorganic gases, particulate matter and black carbon. The report specifically addresses environmental factors that may be responsible for damage to the collections present in museums. Thanks to the knowledge about the current situation in the museum, accurate solutions regarding preventive conservation, in general, are suggested.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000326851200051 Publication Date 2013-05-21  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 46 Open Access  
  Notes ; The presented work was realised in the frame of the project Preventive conservation/preservation in the museum Plantin-Moretus/Prentenkabinet, Antwerp, financed by the Flemish Government. Special thanks are due to Mrs Hanne Moris and Mrs Elke van Herck and all the staff of the Museum Plantin-Moretus/Print Room in Antwerp for their sincere interest in this work and their eager assistance during all the sampling campaigns. VMM and Dr. Edward Roekens is acknowledged for sharing the black carbon measurements. Barbara Krupinska is supported as PhD student by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO, Belgium). ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034; 2013 IF: 3.583  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:108402 Serial 5460  
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Author Kuczumov, A.; Vekemans, B.; Schalm, O.; Dorriné, W.; Chevallier, P.; Dillmann, P.; Ro, C.-U.; Janssens, K.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Analyses of petrified wood by electron, X-ray and optical microprobes Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1999 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue Pages 435-446  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000079138500016 Publication Date 2002-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:22889 Serial 5466  
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Author Anaf, W.; Horemans, B.; Van Grieken, R.; De Wael, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Chemical boundary conditions for the classification of aerosol particles using computer controlled electron probe microanalysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2012 Publication Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Talanta  
  Volume 101 Issue Pages 420-427  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract A method for the classification of individual aerosol particles using computer controlled electron probe microanalysis is presented. It is based on chemical boundary conditions (CBC) and enables quick and easy processing of a large set of elemental concentration data (mass%), derived from the X-ray spectra of individual particles. The particles are first classified into five major classes (sea salt related, secondary inorganic, minerals, iron-rich and carbonaceous), after which advanced data mining can be performed by examining the elemental composition of particles within each class into more detail (e.g., by ternary diagrams). The CBC method is validated and evaluated by comparing its results with the output obtained with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for well-known standard particles as well as real aerosol particles collected with a cascade impactor. The CBC method gives reliable results and has a major advantage compared to HCA. CBC is based on boundary conditions that are derived from chemical logical thinking and does not require a translation of a mathematical algorithm output as does HCA. Therefore, the CBC method is more objective and enables comparison between samples without intermediate steps.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000313084400061 Publication Date 2012-09-30  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0039-9140; 1873-3573 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.162 Times cited 3 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.162; 2012 IF: 3.498  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:101336 Serial 5511  
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Author Buczyńska, A.J.; Krata, A.; Van Grieken, R.; Brown, A.; Polezer, G.; De Wael, K.; Potgieter-Vermaak, S. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Composition of PM2.5 and PM1 on high and low pollution event days and its relation to indoor air quality in a home for the elderly Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2014 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal Sci Total Environ  
  Volume 490 Issue Pages 134-143  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Many studies probing the link between air quality and health have pointed towards associations between particulate matter (PM) exposure and decreased lung function, aggravation of respiratory diseases like asthma, premature death and increased hospitalisation admissions for the elderly and individuals with cardiopulmonary diseases. Of recent, it is believed that the chemical composition and physical properties of PM may contribute significantly to these adverse health effects. As part of a Belgian Science Policy project (Health effects of particulate matter in relation to physicalchemical characteristics and meteorology), the chemical composition (elemental and ionic compositions) and physical properties (PM mass concentrations) of PM were investigated, indoors and outdoors of old age homes in Antwerp. The case reported here specifically relates to high versus normal/low pollution event periods. PM mass concentrations for PM1 and PM2.5 fractions were determined gravimetrically after collection via impaction. These same samples were hence analysed by EDXRF spectrometry and IC for their elemental and ionic compositions, respectively. During high pollution event days, PM mass concentrations inside the old age home reached 53 μg m− 3 and 32 μg m− 3 whilst outside concentrations were 101 μg m− 3 and 46 μg m− 3 for PM2.5 and PM1, respectively. The sum of nss-sulphate, nitrate and ammonium, dominate the composition of PM, and contribute the most towards an increase in the PM during the episode days constituting 64% of ambient PM2.5 (52 μg m− 3) compared to 39% on non-episode days (10 μg m− 3). Other PM components, such as mineral dust, sea salt or heavy metals were found to be considerably higher during PM episodes but relatively less important. Amongst heavy metals Zn and Pb were found at the highest concentrations in both PM2.5 and PM1. Acidbase ionic balance equations were calculated and point to acidic aerosols during event days and acidic to alkaline aerosols during non-event days. No significant sources of indoor pollutants could be identified inside the old-age home as high correlations were found between outdoor and indoor PM, confirming mainly the outdoor origin of indoor air.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000347293800015 Publication Date 2014-05-21  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.9 Times cited 27 Open Access  
  Notes ; The work reported in this paper was financed by the Belgian Science Policy under the Science for Sustainable Development programme (SD/HE/01), the Flemish Scientific Fund (FWO:G.0873.11). We thank the direction and staff of the elderly homes for their support. The authors are thankful to the partners of the project Lotte Jacobs, Tim Nawrot and Benoit Nemery for taking care of project organization, Andy Delcoo, Jo Dewulf and Hugo De Backer from Royal Meteorological Institute, Brussels, Belgium for supplying the meteorological data. We acknowledge Dr. Laszlo Bencs for assistance regarding backward trajectory analyses and two reviewers for their constructive comments. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) used in this publication. ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.9; 2014 IF: 4.099  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:117005 Serial 5544  
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Author Hellar-Kihampa, H.; Potgieter-Vermaak, S.; De Wael, K.; Lugwisha, E.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Concentration profiles of metal contaminants in fluvial sediments of a rural-urban drainage basin in Tanzania Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2014 Publication International journal of environmental analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Int J Environ An Ch  
  Volume 94 Issue 1 Pages 77-98  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract This study investigated concentration profiles of trace, rare earth and platinum group metals in fluvial sediments from the Pangani river basin (43,650 km2), one of the largest river basins in Tanzania, to assess its environmental quality. Sediment samples were collected in two distinct seasons from 12 representative sites of diverse land-use practices and characterised by ICP-MS after optimised microwave digestion. Ecological risks were assessed by evaluation of pollution index and comparison with legislated sediment quality guidelines (SQG). The results revealed contamination by some trace metals (e.g. Pb, V, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, As, Co, Mn and Zn) in concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 2940 mg kg−1, and four rare earth elements (Y, Ce, Nd, Yb) in concentrations ranging from 0.9 (Yb) to 500 mg kg−1 dry weight (Ce), which significantly exceeded the estimated background values at some stations. Palladium was the only platinum group element that was detected in quantifiable concentrations (0.33.5 mg kg−1). Concentrations of some trace metals exceeded the SQGs at some localised areas. Principal component analysis and multivariate correlations indicated geochemical characteristics of the area as the major control of metal concentrations and spatial variability. Organic matter and clay contents also played a significant role in metal distributions. Assessment of land-use practices upstream of the sampling locations was used to trace potential anthropogenic sources of metal enrichments, where highest levels were found in areas close to urban centres and agricultural activities. The study provides baseline data for future monitoring programs, and highlights the need for more comprehensive analysis involving a wider spatio-temporal scale and ecotoxicological risk assessment.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000329774500007 Publication Date 2013-05-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0306-7319 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.208 Times cited 5 Open Access  
  Notes ; The participants of this research gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Belgian Development Agency (BTC). The contribution of the Pangani Basin Water Board (PBWB), especially Ms Arafa Maggidi in provision of valuable information and assistance with the sampling campaigns is greatly appreciated. We sincerely acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Elisa Dunstan Kiwelu of Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in mapping the study area; Mr Peter Machibya of the Department of Geology, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in sediment characterisation; and Dr Valentine Kayawe Mubiana of the Department of Biology, University of Antwerp in ICP-MS analysis. The contributions of six anonymous reviewers, which greatly improved the manuscript for this paper, are highly appreciated. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.208; 2014 IF: 1.295  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:109234 Serial 5547  
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Author Anaf, W.; Horemans, B.; Madeira, T.I.; Carvalho, M.L.; De Wael, K.; Van Grieken, R. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Effects of a constructional intervention on airborne and deposited particulate matter in the Portuguese National Tile Museum, Lisbon Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Environmental Science and Pollution Research Abbreviated Journal Environ Sci Pollut R  
  Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 1849-1857  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In the 1970s, a large ambulatory of the National Tile Museum, Lisbon, was closed with glass panes on both ground and first floor. Although this design was meant to protect the museum collection from ambient air pollutants, small openings between the glass panes remain, creating a semi-enclosed corridor. The effects of the glass panes on the indoor air quality were evaluated in a comparative study by monitoring the airborne particle concentration and the extent of particle deposition at the enclosed corridor as well as inside the museum building. Comparison of the indoor/outdoor ratio of airborne particle concentration demonstrated a high natural ventilation rate in the enclosed corridor as well as inside the museum building. PM10 deposition velocities on vertical surfaces were estimated in the order of 3 × 10−4 m s−1 for both indoor locations. Also, the deposition rates of dark-coloured and black particles in specific were very similar at both indoor locations, causing visual degradation. The effectiveness of the glass panes in protecting the museum collection is discussed.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000315442500061 Publication Date 2012-07-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0944-1344; 1614-7499 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.741 Times cited 15 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.741; 2013 IF: 2.757  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:100214 Serial 5583  
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Author Rojas, C.M.; Figueroa, L.; Janssens, K.H.; Van Espen, P.E.; Adams, F.C.; Van Grieken, R.E. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title The elemental composition of airborne particulate matter in the Atacama desert, Chile Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1990 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 91 Issue Pages 251-267  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Air particulate samples were collected at Chapiquiña near Arica (Chile) with a six-stage cascade impactor for about 17-day periods during a 31 month interval. Sixteen elements were determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, and the elemental concentrations were subjected to principal factor analysis. The variability with time of the coarse particles was described by two factors both related to soil dispersion, whereas the fine particle variations could be explained by a third factor related to marine influence. Enrichment factors were compared with those obtained in other remote continental areas, in particular those of air particulate matter sampled at Chacaltaya, Bolivia. Results point to a negligible anthropogenic influence.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1990CM36100019 Publication Date 2003-09-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116652 Serial 5602  
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Author Horemans, B.; Cardell, C.; Bencs, L.; Kontozova-Deutsch, V.; De Wael, K.; Van Grieken, R. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Evaluation of airborne particles at the Alhambra monument in Granada, Spain Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2011 Publication Microchemical journal Abbreviated Journal Microchem J  
  Volume 99 Issue 2 Pages 429-438  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract As a part of an ongoing investigation regarding the air quality at the Alhambra monument (UNESCO World Cultural Heritage), indoor and outdoor atmospheric aerosols (PM1 and PM10-1) and pollutant gases (O3, NO2, SO2 and NH3) were studied during summer and winter. Bulk elements, ionic compounds and black carbon (BC) in aerosols were analyzed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, ion chromatography and aethalometry/reflectometry, respectively. Natural PM10-1 aerosols, such as carbonate-rich soil and sea salts, reacted with a typical urban atmosphere, producing a mixture of particulates with diverse chemical composition. The content/formation of secondary inorganic aerosols depended on the air temperature and absolute humidity. Ratios of typical mineral elements (i.e., Ti/Fe and Si/Fe) showed that Saharan dust events contribute to the composition of the observed mineral aerosol content. BC, V and Ni originated from diesel exhaust, while Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn came mainly from non-exhaust vehicular emissions. Weathering phenomena, such as blackening and pigment discoloration, which could arise from gradual aerosol deposition indoors, are discussed.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000295770700042 Publication Date 2011-06-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 39 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034; 2011 IF: 3.048  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:91720 Serial 5611  
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Author Storms, H.M.; Janssens, K.H.; Török, S.B.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title Evaluation of the ArmstrongBuseck correction for automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis of particles Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1989 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 45-52  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The ArmstrongBuseck correction for absorption effects in electron probe x-ray microanalysis of particles considers seven specific particle shapes, and for these geometries exact correction equations are used. This procedure implies that the analyst has to associate the particle to be analysed with a certain particle type; an arbitrary relative thickness is sometimes assumed. A theoretical study was made of this absorption correction as a function of the particle composition, type and thickness for micrometre-sized particles. It appears that a correct choice of the particle type is critical. However, when the analytical results are normalized to 100%, the differences between the models are much less pronounced, and it is justified to assume a spherical model in all cases.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1989U261400001 Publication Date 2005-05-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116489 Serial 5616  
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Author Godoi, R.H.M.; Godoi, A.F.L.; Gonçalves jr., S.J.; Paralovo, S.L.; Borillo, G.C.; Gregório Barbosa, C.G.; Arantes, M.G.; Rosário Filho, N.A.; Grassi, M.T.; Yamamoto, C.I.; Potgieter-Vermaak, S.; Rotondo, G.G.; De Wael, K.; Van Grieken, R. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Healthy environment : indoor air quality of Brazilian elementary schools nearby petrochemical industry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal Sci Total Environ  
  Volume 463 Issue Pages 639-646  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The mitigation of pollution released to the environment originating fromthe industrial sector has been the aimof all policy-makers and its importance is evident if the adverse health effects on the world population are considered. Although this concern is controversial, petroleum refinery has been linked to some adverse health effects for people living nearby. Apart from home, school is the most important indoor environment for children and there is increasing concern about the school environment and its impact on health, also in developing countries where the prevalence of pollution is higher. As most of the children spend more than 40% of their time in schools, it is critical to evaluate the pollution level in such environment. In the metropolitan region of Curitiba, South Brazil, five schools nearby industries and highways with high density traffic, were selected to characterize the aerosol and gaseous compounds indoor and outdoor of the classrooms, during 20092011. Size segregated aerosol samples were collected for analyses of bulk and single particle elemental profiles. They were analyzed by electron probe X-ray micro-analysis (EPXMA), and by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), to investigate the elemental composition of individual particles and bulk samples. The concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX); NO2; SO2; acetic acid; and formic acid were assessed indoor and outdoor using passive diffusion tubes. BTEX were analyzed by GCMS and other collected gasses by ion chromatography. Individual exposition of BTEX was assessed by personal passive diffusion tubes. Results are interpreted separately and as a whole with the specific aim of identifying compounds that could affect the health of the scholars. In view of the chemical composition and size distribution of the aerosol particles, local deposition efficiencies in the children's respiratory systems were calculated, revealing the deposition of particles at extrathoracic, tracheobronchial and pulmonary levels.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000325831200072 Publication Date 2013-07-07  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.9 Times cited 22 Open Access  
  Notes ; We would like to thank Araucaria Foundation and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) who supported the funding and promoted the development of this study. ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.9; 2013 IF: 3.163  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:108954 Serial 5637  
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Author Anaf, W.; Bencs, L.; Van Grieken, R.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Indoor particulate matter in four Belgian heritage sites : case studies on the deposition of dark-colored and hygroscopic particles Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2015 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal Sci Total Environ  
  Volume 506 Issue Pages 361-368  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) was passively sampled by means of deployed horizontal and vertical filters in various rooms of four Belgian cultural heritage buildings, installed with various heating/ventilation systems. Soiling/blackening and deposition of inorganic, water-soluble aerosol components were considered. The extent of soiling was determined by means of two independent methods: (1) in terms of the covering rate of the samplers by optical reflection microscopy and (2) the reduction in lightness of the samplers using the CIE L*a*b* color space by spectrophotometry. A fairly good correlation was found between both methods. The inorganic composition of the deposited water-soluble TSP was quantified by means of ion chromatography. Compared to controlled environments, uncontrolled environments showed increased water-soluble aerosol content of the total deposited mass. Higher chloride deposition was observed on horizontal surfaces, compared to vertical surfaces.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000347576800039 Publication Date 2014-11-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.9 Times cited 12 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.9; 2015 IF: 4.099  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:120640 Serial 5662  
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Author Buczyńska, A.J.; Geypens, B.; Van Grieken, R.; De Wael, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Large-volume injection combined with gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2014 Publication Rapid communications in mass spectrometry Abbreviated Journal Rapid Commun Mass Sp  
  Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 1-9  
  Keywords (down) A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract RATIONALE: Compound-specific stable isotope analyses of carbon require relatively large amounts of sample for reliable analyses. Commonly applied injections of 1 μL may thus be inefficient for samples with low concentrations of pollutants (e.g. air particulate matter) or when the amount of a sample is limited. METHODS: A Large-Volume Injection (LVI) method for carbon stable isotope ratio analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) was optimized in this study. Gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCCIRMS) and ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) were used for the determination of stable carbon isotope ratios and quantification of compounds, respectively. RESULTS: The optimized method resulted in very good reproducibility, even for the most volatile PAH, naphthalene, when a small amount of higher boiling co-solvent was used. No significant fractionation of isotope ratios could be seen and the recoveries of analytes were similar to or better than that of a splitless cold injection. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of 100 μL, instead of the commonly used 1 μL, increases the detection limit for PAHs significantly and/or simplifies the sample preparation step. Using our optimized method, stable carbon isotope ratios can be reliably measured in samples with concentrations of PAHs down to 0.050.1 ng μL1.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000328248300007 Publication Date 2013-12-16  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0951-4198 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.998 Times cited 5 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.998; 2014 IF: 2.253  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:111677 Serial 5689  
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