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	Author	Ravindra, K.; Sokhi, R.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source attribution, emission factors and regulation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Atmospheric environment : an international journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue	13	Pages	2895-2921
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000256845900001	Publication Date	2008-03-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1352-2310	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:68424			Serial	7531
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Tsuji, K.; Wagatsuma, K.; Nullens, R.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Grazing exit electron probe microanalysis for surface and particle analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1999	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	71	Issue	13	Pages	2497-2501
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000081265600046	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:24723			Serial	8008
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Rouchon, V.; Pellizzi, E.; Duranton, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Combining XANES, ICP-AES, and SEM/EDS for the study of phytate chelating treatments used on iron gall ink damaged manuscripts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	12	Pages	2434-2441
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Many historical documents written with iron gall inks are endangered by the corrosive effects of these inks. In this work, a combination of complementary analytical methods was used for the first time in order to study the phytate process which is used in conservation studios to stabilize damaged manuscripts. This process consists of an antioxidant treatment performed by means of a calcium phytate (CP) solution, followed by a deacidification treatment performed with a calcium carbonate (CC) solution. The antioxidant treatment capitalizes on the properties of myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid (phytic acid) that inhibits iron through chelation. In order to use relatively low acidic solutions, the pH of the CP solution is increased up to values between 5 and 6, which is in the range of the CP precipitation threshold. This study was performed on laboratory samples made of paper impregnated with iron gall ink and artificially aged in climatic chambers. It aims to investigate how the CP precipitate impacts the efficiency of the treatment. Side effects, such as elemental losses and deposits, were measured by means of several analytical techniques (FeK Edge XANES, SEM/EDS, and ICP-AES). These measurements were crosschecked with a ready to use colour spot test made of bathophenanthroline impregnated paper. It appeared that the CP treatment should necessarily be followed by the deacidification treatment in order to achieve long term stability. The precipitation of CP in the treating solution does finally not impact the efficiency of the treatment despite the fact that it should theoretically lower the availability of phytate to chelate iron. A scenario is proposed to explain this point.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000297030400008	Publication Date	2011-10-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was funded by SOLEIL (proposals 20060396 and 20080761) and was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. We are thankful to the paper conservator students of the Institut National du Patrimoine who were involved in some of the sample preparations, and to Dr Dominique Thiaudiere and Dr Solenn Reguer for their assistance and help during the experiments performed at SOLEIL beamline “DIFFABS”. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93845			Serial	5527
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Florea, A.; Schram, J.; De Jong, M.; Eliaerts, J.; Van Durme, F.; Kaur, B.; Samyn, N.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical strategies for adulterated heroin samples			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	91	Issue	12	Pages	7920-7928
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Electrochemical strategies to selectively detect heroin in street samples without the use of complicated electrode modifications were developed for the first time. For this purpose, heroin, mixing agents (adulterants, cutting agent, and impurities), and their binary mixtures were subjected to square wave voltammetry measurements at bare graphite electrodes at pH 7.0 and pH 12.0, in order to elucidate the unique electrochemical fingerprint of heroin and mixing agents as well as possible interferences or reciprocal influences. Adjusting the pH from pH 7.0 to pH 12.0 allowed a more accurate detection of heroin in the presence of most common mixing agents. Furthermore, the benefit of introducing a preconditioning step prior to running square wave voltammetry on the electrochemical fingerprint enrichment was explored. Mixtures of heroin with other drugs (cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and morphine) were also tested to explore the possibility of their discrimination and simultaneous detection. The feasibility of the proposed electrochemical strategies was tested on realistic heroin street samples from forensic cases, showing promising results for fast, on-site detection tools of drugs of abuse.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000472682000056	Publication Date	2019-05-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 753223 Narcoreader. The authors also acknowledge IOF (UAntwerp) and Belspo for financial support. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:160061			Serial	5596
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Cagno, S.; Nuyts, G.; Bugani, S.; De Vis, K.; Schalm, O.; Caen, J.; Helfen, L.; Cotte, M.; Reischig, P.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Evaluation of manganese-bodies removal in historical stained glass windows via SR-\mu-XANES/XRF and SR-\mu-CT			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	12	Pages	2442-2451
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The speed and effectiveness of a conservation treatment used for stained glass windows have been investigated. Dark-coloured Mn-rich stains can be found in the alteration layer of ancient glass artefacts and cause the surface to turn brown/black: this phenomenon is known as Mn-browning or Mn-staining. While in glass manganese is present in the +II or +III oxidation states, in the Mn-rich bodies, manganese is in a higher oxidation state (+IV). In restoration practice, mildly reducing solutions are employed to eliminate the dark colour and restore the clear appearance of the glass. In this paper the effectiveness and side effects of the use of hydroxylamine hydrochloride for this purpose are assessed. Archaeological fragments of stained glass windows, dated to the 14th century and originating from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge (UK), were examined by means of synchrotron radiation (SR) based microscopic X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (μ-XANES) and microscopic X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-XRF) and with high resolution computed absorption tomography (μ-CT) before, during and after the treatment. The monitoring of the glass fragments during the treatment allows us to better understand the manner in which the process unfolds and its kinetics. The results obtained reveal that the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment is effective, but also that it has a number of unwanted side effects. These findings are useful for optimizing the time and other modalities of the Mn-reducing treatment as well as minimizing its unwanted results.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000297030400009	Publication Date	2011-10-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. Special thanks to Ms Leonie Seliger, head of the stained-glass conservation studio (The Cathedral Studios-The Chapter of Canterbury Cathedral) for the supply of the archaeological samples. The authors gratefully acknowledge ESRF for granting beamtime (proposal EC-602). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93848			Serial	5613
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Tilleman, L.; De Henau, S.; Pauwels, M.; Nagy, N.; Pintelon, I.; Braeckman, B.P.; De Wael, K.; Van Doorslaer, S.; Adriaensen, D.; Timmermans, J.-P.; Moens, L.; Dewilde, S.
	Title	An N-myristoylated globin with a redox-sensing function that regulates the defecation cycle in Caenorhabditis elegans			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	PLoS ONE	Abbreviated Journal	Plos One
	Volume	7	Issue	12	Pages	e48768-9
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Globins occur in all kingdoms of life where they fulfill a wide variety of functions. In the past they used to be primarily characterized as oxygen transport/storage proteins, but since the discovery of new members of the globin family like neuroglobin and cytoglobin, more diverse and complex functions have been assigned to this heterogeneous family. Here we propose a function for a membrane-bound globin of C. elegans, GLB-26. This globin was predicted to be myristoylated at its N-terminus, a post-translational modification only recently described in the globin family. In vivo, this globin is found in the membrane of the head mesodermal cell and in the tail stomato-intestinal and anal depressor muscle cells. Since GLB-26 is almost directly oxidized when exposed to oxygen, we postulate a possible function as electron transfer protein. Phenotypical studies show that GLB-26 takes part in regulating the length of the defecation cycle in C. elegans under oxidative stress conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000313236200008	Publication Date	2012-12-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-6203	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.806	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	; SDH is a Ph.D. fellow of the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO). Financial support to SD and LM was provided by the University of Antwerp (BOF UA TOP 2006) and to SD, LM, BPB, by FWO project G.0247.09. The UltraVIEW VoX spinning disk confocal microscope was purchased with support of the Hercules Foundation (Hercules Type 1: AUHA 09/001). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.806; 2012 IF: 3.730
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:102591			Serial	5741
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vanmeert, F.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Plumbonacrite identified by X-ray powder diffraction tomography as a missing link during degradation of red lead in a Van Gogh painting			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume	54	Issue	12	Pages	3607-3610
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Red lead, a semiconductor pigment used by artists since antiquity, is known to undergo several discoloration phenomena. These transformations are either described as darkening of the pigment caused by the formation of either plattnerite (β-PbO2) or galena (PbS) or as whitening by which red lead is converted into anglesite (PbSO4) or (hydro)cerussite (2 PbCO3⋅Pb(OH)2; PbCO3). X-ray powder diffraction tomography, a powerful analytical method that allows visualization of the internal distribution of different crystalline compounds in complex samples, was used to investigate a microscopic paint sample from a Van Gogh painting. A very rare lead mineral, plumbonacrite (3 PbCO3⋅ Pb(OH)2⋅PbO), was revealed to be present. This is the first reported occurrence of this compound in a painting dating from before the mid 20th century. It constitutes the missing link between on the one hand the photoinduced reduction of red lead and on the other hand (hydro)cerussite, and thus sheds new light on the whitening of red lead.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000351178300008	Publication Date	2015-02-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851; 0570-0833	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited	24	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge L. Van der Loeff and M. Leeuwestein (Kroller-Muller Museum) for providing the paint sample. We thank Dr. J. Jaroszewicz (WUT) for performing the CT measurements. This research was carried out at the light source PETRA III at DESY, a member of the Helmholtz Association (HGF). We thank Dr. G. Falkenberg and the members of his team for their assistance in using beam line P06. We acknowledge financial support from the University of Antwerp GOA projects “XANES meets EELS” and “SOLARPaint”, as well as from BELSPO (Brussels) Project S2-ART and FWO (Brussels) project “ESRF-Dubble”. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994; 2015 IF: 11.261
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:124620			Serial	5774
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Cagno, S.; Mendera, M.; Jeffries, T.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Raw materials for medieval to post-medieval Tuscan glassmaking : new insight from LA-ICP-MS analyses			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Journal of archaeological science	Abbreviated Journal	J Archaeol Sci
	Volume	37	Issue	12	Pages	3030-3036
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	LA-ICP-MS analyses were performed on a set of Tuscan (post) medieval archaeological glass finds dated to the 1316th century in order to quantitatively determine the trace element contents. The results are used for defining and distinguishing several compositional groups. The trace element data are consistent with the distinctions obtained by considering the major element data determined via quantitative SEM-EDX, but allow to obtain new insights into the nature and quality of the silica sources employed and the presumed method of ash purification.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000283903500008	Publication Date	2010-07-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0305-4403	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.602	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “Atom” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and of FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0177.03, G.0103.04 and G.0689.06. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.602; 2010 IF: 1.710
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:85814			Serial	5802
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Dyck, P.M.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Absorption correction via scattered radiation in energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis for samples of variable composition and thickness			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1980	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	52	Issue	12	Pages	1859-1864
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1980KJ65700021	Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116516			Serial	7410
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hillen, M.; Legrand, S.; Dirkx, Y.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Caen, J.; Steenackers, G.
	Title	Cluster analysis of IR thermography data for differentiating glass types in historical leaded-glass windows			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Applied Sciences-Basel	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Sci-Basel
	Volume	10	Issue	12	Pages	4255-13
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Infrared thermography is a fast, non-destructive and contactless testing technique which is increasingly used in heritage science. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of infrared thermography, in combination with a data clustering approach, to differentiate between the different types of historical glass that were included in a colorless leaded-glass windows during previous restoration interventions. Inspection of the thermograms and the application of two data mining techniques on the thermal data, i.e., k-means clustering and hierarchical clustering, allowed identifying different groups of window panes that show a different thermal behavior. Both clustering approaches arrive at similar groupings of the glass with a clear separation of three types. However, the lead cames that hold the glass panes appear to have a substantial impact on the thermal behavior of the surrounding glass, thus preventing classification of the smallest glass panes. For the larger panes, this was not a critical issue as the center of the glass remained unaffected. Subtle visual color differences between panes, implying a variation in coloring metal ions, was not always distinguished by IRT. Nevertheless, data clustering assisted infrared thermography shows potential as an efficient and swift method for documenting the material intervention history of leaded-glass windows during or in preparation of conservation treatments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000549351800001	Publication Date	2020-06-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2076-3417	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.7	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.7; 2020 IF: 1.679
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:170012			Serial	7674
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Composition dependence of Bremsstrahlung background in electron-probe x-ray microanalysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1984	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	56	Issue	12	Pages	2049-2051
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1984TL48800021	Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116518			Serial	7704
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.; Delalieux, F.; Gysels, K.
	Title	Cultural heritage and the environment			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1998	Publication	Pure and applied chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	70	Issue	12	Pages	2327-2331
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000080509000012	Publication Date	2007-10-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0033-4545	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:23298			Serial	7744
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.; de Bruin, M.
	Title	Nomenclature for radioanalytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1994	Publication	Pure and applied chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	66	Issue	12	Pages	2513-2526
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Nearly 200 terms commonly used in radioanalytical chemistry are unambiguously defined. The list is partially based on an earlier IUPAC-glossary (Pure Appl. Chem. 54 (1982) 1533-1554), but some modifications have been made, terms related to nuclear physics and technology have not been reconsidered and numerous new entries from the realm of radiometric analysis, radioimmunoassay and related techniques have been included.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1994PZ23000010	Publication Date	2007-10-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0033-4545	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:9506			Serial	8312
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Spolnik, Z.; Belikov, K.; van Meel, K.; Adriaenssens, E.; de Roeck, F.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Optimization of measurement conditions of an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with high-energy polarized beam excitation for analysis of aerosol filters			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Applied spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	59	Issue	12	Pages	1465-1469
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000234187500004	Publication Date	2005-12-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-7028	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:55835			Serial	8339
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Horemans, B.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Speciation and diurnal variation of thoracic, fine thoracic and sub-micrometer airborne particulate matter at naturally ventilated office environments			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Atmospheric environment : an international journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	44	Issue	12	Pages	1497-1505
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Thoracic (PM10), fine thoracic (PM2.5) and sub-micrometer (PM1) airborne particulate matter was sampled during day and night. In total, about 100 indoor and outdoor samples were collected for each fraction at ten different office environments. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and ion chromatography were applied for the quantification of some major and minor elements and ions in the collected aerosols. During daytime, mass concentrations were in the ranges: 1129, 8.124, and 6.618 μg m−3, with averages of 20 ± 1, 15.0 ± 0.9, and 11.0 ± 0.8 μg m−3, respectively. At night, mass concentrations were found to be significantly lower for all fractions. Indoor PM1 concentrations exceeded the corresponding outdoor levels during office hours and were thought to be elevated by office printers. Particles with diameters between 1 and 2.5 μm and 2.5 and 10 μm were mainly associated with soil dust elements and were clearly subjected to distinct periods of settling/resuspension. Indoor NO3 − levels were found to follow specific microclimatic conditions at the office environments, while daytime levels of sub-micrometer Cl− were possibly elevated by the use of Cl-containing cleaning products. Indoor carbon black concentrations were sometimes as high as 22 μg m−3 and were strongly correlated with outdoor traffic conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000276681100003	Publication Date	2010-01-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1352-2310	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:81242			Serial	8569
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Osán, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	78	Issue	12	Pages	4069-4096
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000238252600016	Publication Date	2006-06-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:58857			Serial	8771
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Osán, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	76	Issue	12	Pages	3445-3470
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000222011100014	Publication Date	2004-06-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:46259			Serial	8772
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Török, S.B.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	74	Issue	12	Pages	2895-2918
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000176253700020	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:39517			Serial	8773
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Török, S.B.; Ro, C.-U.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2000	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	72	Issue	12	Pages	211-233
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000087661500018	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:27850			Serial	8774
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	62	Issue	12	Pages	101r-113r
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2006-11-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116527			Serial	8779
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1988	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	60	Issue	12	Pages	28r-42r
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116525			Serial	8780
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vanderstappen, M.G.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Co-crystallization with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, and X-ray fluorescence, for trace metal analysis of water			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1978	Publication	Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	25	Issue	11/12	Pages	653-658
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Adding 20mg of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) to a water sample at 70°, and filtering off the precipitate after cooling, gives efficient preconcentration prior to X-ray fluorescence analysis of water. Up to the capacity of about 100 μeq of PAN used, the trace metal recoveries are around 90% or higher for Cr3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Eu3+, and above 70% for many other ions. The recovery yields usually do not vary critically with pH in the neutral pH-range, and are practically independent of the sample salinity, sample volume and trace-metal concentration. Enrichment factors as high as 2 × 105 can be achieved. Counting statistics would then allow detection limits of 0.03 ppM. The blank levels in commercial PAN, however, lead to typical detection limits of about 1 ppm. The coefficient of variation is typically in the 510% range at the 10-ppM level. The accuracy and applicability of the procedure are illustrated by comparative analyses on samples of synthetic solutions, river and drinking water.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1978GG18200005	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-9140; 1873-3573	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116556			Serial	7675
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Potgieter-Vermaak, S.S.; Godoi, R.H.M.; Van Grieken, R.; Potgieter, J.H.; Oujja, M.; Castillejo, M.
	Title	Micro-structural characterization of black crust and laser cleaning of building stones by micro-Raman and SEM techniques			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	61	Issue	11/12	Pages	2460-2467
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000231340200005	Publication Date	2004-11-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1386-1425	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:53444			Serial	8234
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Hendriks, E.; Brunetti, B.G.; Miliani, C.
	Title	Raman study of different crystalline forms of PbCrO₄ and PbCr_1-xS_xO₄ solid solutions for the noninvasive identification of chrome yellows in paintings : a focus on works by Vincent van Gogh			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Journal of Raman spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	J Raman Spectrosc
	Volume	45	Issue	11-12	Pages	1034-1045
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Chrome yellows, a class of pigments frequently used by painters of the Impressionism and Post-impressionism period, are known for their different chemical stability; the latter depends on the chemical composition (PbCrO4, PbCr1-xSxO4) and crystalline structure (monoclinic or orthorhombic) of the material. The possibility to distinguish among different forms of this pigment is therefore relevant in order to extend knowledge on the corresponding degradation process that is observed on several original paintings. For this purpose, three paintings conserved at the Van Gogh Museum (Amsterdam) were analyzed using noninvasive Raman spectroscopy, while equivalent investigations employing bench-top instrumentation were performed to obtain information from micro-samples originating from these works of art. In each painting, the chrome yellow was identified either as monoclinic PbCrO4 or in the form of monoclinic PbCr1-xSxO4 (x<0.25) or S-rich orthorhombic PbCr1-xSxO4 (x similar to 0.5). Our ability to make this fairly subtle distinction is based on a Raman study of several oil paint model samples made up of monoclinic and/or orthorhombic crystalline forms of PbCrO4 and PbCr1-xSxO4 (0.1x0.8). These paints were studied using several excitation wavelengths (namely 785.0, 532.0, 514.5, and 488nm). Because of the absence of the resonance Raman effect, which strongly enhances the chromate symmetric stretching band, and the absence of any laser-induced photodecomposition, it is advantageous to acquire data at 785.0nm. The band-shape and the position of the chromate bending modes proved to be more sensitive to the solid solution composition and crystalline structure than the stretching modes and can be used as distinctive spectral markers to discriminate among the different chrome yellow forms that are present. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000346912700008	Publication Date	2014-07-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0377-0486	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.969	Times cited	34	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (S2-ART project S4DA) and also presents results from GOA 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium), FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. Support from the Italian projects PRIN (SICH Sustainability in Cultural Heritage: from diagnosis to the development of innovative system for consolidation, cleaning and protection) and PON (ITACHA Italian advanced technologies for cultural heritage applications) is also acknowledged. The analysis of the paintings Sunflowers gone to seed, Bank of the Seine, and Portrait of Gauguin was performed within the mobile laboratory access activity of the FP7 programme CHARISMA supported by EC (Grant Agreement 228330). LM acknowledges the Italian National Research Council (CNR) for the financial support in the framework of the Short Term Mobility Programme 2013. Thanks are expressed to Muriel Geldof, Cultural Heritage Agency of The Netherlands, for selecting and sharing the information on the cross-sections and to the staff of the Van Gogh Museum for the agreeable cooperation. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.969; 2014 IF: 2.671
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:122841			Serial	5798
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	Author	Florea, A.; De Jong, M.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical strategies for the detection of forensic drugs			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Current opinion in electrochemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	11	Pages	34-40
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Illicit drugs consumption and trafficking is spread worldwide and remains an increasing challenge for local authorities. Forensic drugs and their metabolites are released into wastewaters due to human excretion after illegal consumption of drugs and occasionally due to disposal of clandestine laboratory wastes into sewage systems, being recently classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants. Hence, it is essential to have efficient and accurate methods to detect these type of compounds in seized street samples, biological fluids and wastewaters in order to reduce and prevent trafficking and consumption and negative effects on aquatic systems. Electrochemical strategies offer a fast, portable, low-cost and accurate alternative to chromatographic and spectrometric methods, for the analysis of forensic drugs and metabolites in different matrices. Recent electrochemical strategies applied to the detection of illicit drugs in wastewaters, biological fluids and street samples are presented in this review, together with the impact of drug consumption on the environment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000453710900007	Publication Date	2018-07-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2451-9103; 2451-9111	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 753223 Narcoreader. The authors also acknowledge financial support from BELSPO, IOF-SBO and UAntwerp. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:152366			Serial	5597
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	Author	Vanmeert, F.; de Nolf, W.; De Meyer, S.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction scanning, a new method for highly selective chemical imaging of works of art : instrument optimization			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	90	Issue	11	Pages	6436-6444
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In the past decade macroscopic X-ray fluorescence imaging (MA-XRF) has become established as a method for the noninvasive investigation of flat painted surfaces, yielding large scale elemental maps. MA-XRF is limited by a lack of specificity, only allowing for indirect pigment identification based on the simultaneous presence of chemical elements. The high specificity of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) mapping is already being exploited at synchrotron facilities for investigations at the (sub)microscopic scale, but the technique has not yet been employed using lab sources. In this paper we present the development of a novel MA-XRPD/XRF instrument based on a laboratory X-ray source. Several combinations of X-ray sources and area detectors are evaluated in terms of their spatial and angular resolution and their sensitivity. The highly specific imaging capability of the combined MA-XRPD/XRF instrument is demonstrated on a 15th/16th century illuminated manuscript directly revealing the distribution of a large number of inorganic pigments, including the uncommon yellow pigment massicot (o-PbO). The case study illustrates the wealth of new mapping information that can be obtained in a noninvasive manner using the laboratory MA-XRPD/XRF instrument.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000434893200019	Publication Date	2018-04-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	11	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors thank the persons involved at Incoatec GmbH, imXPAD SAS and Dectris Ltd. for loaning us some of their products over the past years. We acknowledge financial support from BELSPO (Brussels) S2-ART, the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts “ReVisRembrandt” Project and GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council). Photo Copyright Geert Van der Snickt, 2008 for the photograph of the illuminated manuscript in the TOC graphic. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151993			Serial	5701
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vanmeert, F.; de Nolf, W.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction scanning : possibilities for quantitative and depth-selective parchment analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	90	Issue	11	Pages	6445-6452
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	At or below the surface of painted works of art, valuable information is present that provides insights into an objects past, such as the artists technique and the creative process that was followed or its conservation history but also on its current state of preservation. Various noninvasive techniques have been developed over the past 2 decades that can probe this information either locally (via point analysis) or on a macroscopic scale (e.g., full-field imaging and raster scanning). Recently macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) mapping using laboratory X-ray sources was developed. This method can visualize highly specific chemical distributions at the macroscale (dm(2)). In this work we demonstrate the synergy between the quantitative aspects of powder diffraction and the noninvasive scanning capability of MA-XRPD highlighting the potential of the method to reveal new types of information. Quantitative data derived from a 15th/16th century illuminated sheet of parchment revealed three lead white pigments with different hydrocerussite-cerussite compositions in specific pictorial elements, while quantification analysis of impurities in the blue azurite pigment revealed two distinct azurite types: one rich in barite and one in quartz. Furthermore, on the same artifact, the depth-selective possibilities of the method that stem from an exploitation of the shift of the measured diffraction peaks with respect to reference data are highlighted. The influence of different experimental parameters on the depth-selective analysis results is briefly discussed. Promising stratigraphic information could be obtained, even though the analysis is hampered by not completely understood variations in the unit cell dimensions of the crystalline pigment phases.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000434893200020	Publication Date	2018-04-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors thank Incoatec GmbH for giving us the opportunity to test the I mu S Cu X-ray source. We acknowledge financial support from BELSPO (Brussels) S2-ART, the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts “ReVisRembrandt” project, and GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council). Photo Copyright Geert Van der Snickt, 2008 for the photograph of the illuminated manuscript in the TOC graphic. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151994			Serial	5702
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	Author	van der Snickt, G.; Miliani, C.; Janssens, K.; Brunetti, B.G.; Romani, A.; Rosi, F.; Walter, P.; Castaing, J.; de Nolf, W.; Klaassen, L.; Labarque, I.; Wittermann, R.
	Title	Material analyses of “Christ with singing and music-making Angels”, a late 15th-C panel painting attributed to Hans Memling and assistants : part 1 : non-invasive in situ investigations			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	11	Pages	2216-2229
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In cultural heritage science, compositional data is traditionally obtained from works of art through the analysis of samples by means of various bench-top instruments (scanning electron microscope, Raman spectrometer, etc.). Alternatively, the object can be transported to a laboratory where it may be examined, usually by spectroscopic methods working in reflection mode. However, this paper describes how a complementary set of mobile and portable instruments was deployed in situ to gain a comprehensive view on the materials and related ageing compounds of an (almost) unmovable 15th-C polyptych, prior to and in preparation of the extraction of a limited number of samples. In line with the methodological approach discussed, PXRF was first employed as an efficient screening tool. The ensuing elemental data was supplemented by more specific information on both organic as inorganic materials supplied by reflection near- and mid-FTIR spectroscopy and fluorimetry. In completion, a limited number of diffraction patterns were collected with a mobile XRD instrument in order to identify the constituent crystalline phases in pigments, grounding materials and degradation products. In this way, it could be demonstrated how a rich array of colours was obtained by means of a limited palette of pigments: lead white, lead tin yellow, azurite, natural ultramarine, bone black, vermillion, madder lake, and a green copper-organo complex were detected and situated on the panels. Remarkably, next to chalk also gypsum was found in the ground layer(s) of this Western European easel painting. The relatively large surface of the background was covered with gold leaf; the analyses seem to point towards the labour-intensive water gilding technique. The versatility of this combination of analytical techniques was further illustrated by the accurate characterisation of degradation products affecting the readability and conservation of the painting: the overall presence of a calcium oxalate-based film of variable thickness was established. Nevertheless, further analysis of cross-sectioned samples was considered desirable in order to study the stratigraphy, to gain direct access to altered and sub-imposed layers and to allow highly detailed analysis of micrometric degradation products by state-of-the art techniques (i.e. synchrotron radiation).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000296021800010	Publication Date	2011-09-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	32	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0103.04, G.0689.06 and G.0704.08. The staff of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp is acknowledged for this pleasant cooperation and the authorisation for the publication of the images in this article. Therefore, a word of gratitude to Paul Huvenne, Yolande Deckers, Stef Antonissen and Gwen Borms. In addition, the authors would like to thank the MOLAB's team operators Chiari Anselmi and Federica Presciutti. MOLAB analyses have been carried out through the support of the EU within the 6th Framework Programme (Contract Eu-ARTECH, RII3-CT-2004-506171). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93680			Serial	5705
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	Author	De Jong, M.; Florea, A.; Eliaerts, J.; Van Durme, F.; Samyn, N.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Tackling poor specificity of cocaine color tests by electrochemical strategies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	90	Issue	11	Pages	6811-6819
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	This paper presents electrochemical strategies for the fast screening of cocaine and most common cutting agents found in seized drug samples. First, a study on the performance of Scott color tests on cocaine and a wide range of cutting agents is described. The cutting agents causing false positive or false negative results when in mixture with cocaine are identified. To overcome the lack of specificity of color tests, we further propose a fast screening strategy by means of square wave voltammetry on disposable graphite screen printed electrodes, which reveals the unique fingerprint of cocaine and cutting agents. By employing a forward and backward scan and by a dual pH strategy, we enrich the electrochemical fingerprint and enable the simultaneous detection of cocaine and cutting agents. The effectiveness of the developed strategies was tested for the detection of cocaine in seized cocaine samples and compared with the color tests. Moreover, we prove the usefulness of square wave voltammetry for predicting possible interfering agents in color tests, based on the reduction peak of cobalt thiocyanate. The developed electrochemical strategies allow for a quick screening of seized cocaine samples resulting in a selective identification of drugs and cutting agents.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000434893200066	Publication Date	2018-05-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 753223 Narcoreader. This work was also supported by Grants BR/314 /PI/APTADRU and IOF-SBO. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151316			Serial	5867
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	Author	Vanmeert, F.; De Keyser, N.; van Loon, A.; Klaassen, L.; Noble, P.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Transmission and reflection mode macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction imaging for the noninvasive visualization of paint degradation in still life paintings by Jan Davidsz. de Heem			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	91	Issue	11	Pages	7153-7161
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The use of noninvasive chemical imaging techniques is becoming more widespread for the study of cultural heritage artifacts. Recently a mobile instrument for macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) scanning was developed, which is capable of visualizing the distribution of crystalline (pigment) phases in quasi-flat-painted artifacts. In this study, MA-XRPD is used in both transmission and reflection mode for the analysis of three 17th century still life paintings, two paintings by Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606-1684) and one copy painting after De Heem by an unknown artist. MA-XRPD allowed to reveal and map the presence of in situ-formed alteration products. In the works examined, two rare lead arsenate minerals, schultenite (PbHAsO4) and mimetite (Pb-5(AsO4)(3)Cl), were encountered, both at and below the paint surface; they are considered to be degradation products of the pigments realgar (alpha-As4S4) and orpiment (As2S3). In transmission mode, the depletion of lead white, present in the (second) ground layer, could be seen, illustrating the intrusive nature of this degradation process. In reflection mode, several sulfate salts, palmierite (K2Pb(SO4)(2)), syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)(2)center dot H2O), and gypsum (CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O), could be detected, in particular, at the (top) surface of the copy painting. Estimates for the information depth and sensitivity of both transmission and reflection mode MA-XRPD for various pigments have been made. The possibility of MA-XRPD to allow for noninvasive identification and visualization of alteration products is considered a significant advantage and unique feature of this method. MA-XRPD can thus provide highly relevant information for assessing the conservation state of artworks and could guide possible future restoration treatments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000470793800031	Publication Date	2019-05-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge financial support from BELSPO (Brussels) S2-ART and METOX projects, the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts “ReVisRembrandt” project, and the GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council). The authors thank the Rijksmuseum, the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp, and their staff for the collaborations. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:160245			Serial	5882
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