| Records |
| Author |
Deleu, N.; Hillen, M.; Steenackers, G.; Borms, G.; Janssens, K.; Van der Stighelen, K.; Van der Snickt, G. |
| Title |
Combined macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) and pulse phase thermography (PPT) imaging for the technical study of panel paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
270 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
125533-11 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
| Abstract |
Museum staff usually relies on a proven combination of X-ray radiography (XRR) and infrared reflectography (IRR) to study paintings in a non-destructive manner. In the last decades, however, the research toolbox of heritage scientists has expanded considerably, with a prime example being macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF), producing element-specific images. The goal of this article is to illustrate the added value of augmenting MA-XRF with pulse phase thermography (PPT), a variant of active infrared thermographic imaging (IRT), which is an innovative diagnostic method that is able to reveal variations between or in materials, based on a different response to minor fluctuations in temperature when irradiated with optical radiation. By examining three 16thand 17th-century panel paintings we assess the extent in which combined MA-XRF and PPT contributes to a better understanding of two commonly encountered interventions to panel paintings: (a) Anstuckungen (enlargement of the panel) or (b) substitutions (replacement of part of the panel). Yielding information from different depths of the painting, these two techniques proved highly complementary with IRR and XRR, expanding the understanding of the build-up, genesis, and material history of the paintings. While MA-XRF documented the interventions to the wooden substrate indirectly by revealing variations in painting materials, paint handling and/ or layer sequence between the original part and the extended or replaced planks, PPT proved beneficial for the study of the wooden support itself, by providing a clear image of the wood structure quasi-free of distortion by the superimposed paint or cradling. XRR, on the other hand, revealed other features from the wood structure, not visible with PPT, and allowed looking through the wooden panels, revealing e.g. the dowels used for joining the planks. Additionally, IRR visualised dissimilarities in the underdrawings. In this way, the results indicate that PPT has the potential to become an acknowledged add-on to the expanding set of imaging methods for paintings, especially when used in combination with MA-XRF, IRR and XRR. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
001144098200001 |
Publication Date |
2023-12-09 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN  |
0039-9140; 1873-3573 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
| Impact Factor |
6.1 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.1; 2024 IF: 4.162 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:203764 |
Serial |
9193 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.; Aibéo, C.; Kloust, H.; Alfeld, M. |
| Title |
James Ensor's pigment use: artistic and material evolution studied by means of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
X-ray spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
X-Ray Spectrom |
| Volume |
39 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
103-111 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
In this paper, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (PXRF) was employed as a screening tool for determining and comparing the pigment use in a large series of paintings by the Belgian artist James Ensor (1860-1949). Benefits and drawbacks of PXRF as a method, and the instrument employed, are discussed from a practical, conservation and instrumental perspective. Regardless of several restrictions due to the set-up and/or the analytical method, it appeared feasible to document the evolution with time in Ensor's use of inorganic pigments and to correlate this technical evolution with stylistic developments, Nevertheless, it became clear that a full identification of all materials present can only be done by means of the analysis of (cross-sectioned) samples. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000275959400006 |
Publication Date |
2009-12-15 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0049-8246 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
1.298 |
Times cited |
25 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The staff of the different museums and private institutions is acknowledged for rendering their assistance to this research, i.e. by making all paintings available for analysis and authorising the publication of the images in this article. Therefore, a word of gratitude to Paul Huvenne, Yolande Deckers, Herwig Todts, Stef Antonissen, Gwen Borms and Lizet Klaassen of the Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen (KMSKA), Luuk Van der Loeff of the Kroller-Muller Museum in Otterlo and Mireille Engel, Barbara De Jong of the Musea aan Zee (MuZee), Patricia Jaspers of the Dexia bank, Hildegard Van de Velde of the KBC bank and Frederik Leen of the Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van Belgie (KMSKB). Special thanks to Xavier Tricot and the other members of the Ensor committee for their valuable feedback. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.298; 2010 IF: 1.661 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:82324 |
Serial |
5680 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Cagno, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Caen, J.; Patin, M.; Meulebroeck, W.; Dirkx, Y.; Hillen, M.; Steenackers, G.; Rousaki, A.; Vandenabeele, P.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Comparison of four mobile, non‐invasive diagnostic techniques for differentiating glass types in historical leaded windows : MA‐XRF , UV–Vis–NIR, Raman spectroscopy and IRT |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
X-Ray Spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
X-Ray Spectrom |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
xrs.3185-17 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
| Abstract |
This paper critically compares the performance of four non-invasive techniques that match the accuracy, flexibility, time-efficiency, and transportability required for in situ characterization of leaded glass windows: macroscopic X-ray fluorescence imaging (MA-XRF), UV-Vis-NIR, Raman spectroscopy, and infrared thermography (IRT). In order to compare the techniques on equal grounds, all techniques were tested independently of each other by separate research groups on the same historical leaded window tentatively dated to the 17th century, without prior knowledge. The aim was to assess the ability of these techniques to document the conservation history of the window by classifying and grouping the colorless glass panes, based on differences in composition. IRT, MA-XRF and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy positively distinguished at least two glass groups, with MA-XRF providing the most detailed chemical information. In particular, based on the ratio between the network modifier (K) and network stabilizer (Ca) and on the level of colorants and decolorizers (Fe, Mn, As), the number of plausible glass families could be strongly reduced. In addition, UV-Vis-NIR detected cobalt at ppm level and gave more specific information on the chromophore Fe2+/Fe(3+)ratio. Raman spectroscopy was hampered by fluorescence caused by the metal ions of the decolorizer in most of the panes, but nevertheless identified one group as HLLA. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000561869600001 |
Publication Date |
2020-08-24 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0049-8246 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
1.2 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Grant/Award Number: BR/175/A3/FENESTRA; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Grant/Award Number: 12X1919N; Baillet-Latour Fund ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.2; 2020 IF: 1.298 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:170972 |
Serial |
6473 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Janssens, K.; de Nolf, W.; van der Snickt, G.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Terzano, R.; Brenker, F.E. |
| Title |
Recent trends in quantitative aspects of microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Trends in analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trac-Trend Anal Chem |
| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
464-478 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000279235000014 |
Publication Date |
2010-03-23 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0165-9936 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
8.442 |
Times cited |
48 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects nr. G.0704.08 and G.0179.09 and from the UA-BOF GOA programme. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 8.442; 2010 IF: 6.602 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:83903 |
Serial |
5806 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Alfeld, M.; Pedroso, J.V.; van Hommes, M.E.; van der Snickt, G.; Tauber, G.; Blaas, J.; Haschke, M.; Erler, K.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
A mobile instrument for in situ scanning macro-XRF investigation of historical paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
| Volume |
28 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
760-767 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Scanning macro-X-ray fluorescence analysis (MA-XRF) is rapidly being established as a technique for the investigation of historical paintings. The elemental distribution images acquired by this method allow for the visualization of hidden paint layers and thus provide insight into the artist's creative process and the painting's conservation history. Due to the lack of a dedicated, commercially available instrument the application of the technique was limited to a few groups that constructed their own instruments. We present the first commercially available XRF scanner for paintings, consisting of an X-ray tube mounted with a Silicon-Drift (SD) detector on a motorized stage to be moved in front of a painting. The scanner is capable of imaging the distribution of the main constituents of surface and sub-surface paint layers in an area of 80 by 60 square centimeters with dwell times below 10 ms and a lateral resolution below 100 mu m. The scanner features for a broad range of elements between Ti (Z = 22) and Mo (Z = 42) a count rate of more than 1000 counts per second (cps)?mass percent and detection limits of 100 ppm for measurements of 1 s duration. Next to a presentation of spectrometric figures of merit, the value of the technique is illustrated through a case study of a painting by Rembrandt's student Govert Flinck (1615-1660). |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000317674200019 |
Publication Date |
2013-03-22 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
106 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents the results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. M. Alfeld receives a Ph. D. fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). We thank J. Langerock for allowing us to examine the portable altar triptych shown in Fig. 5. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2013 IF: 3.396 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:108517 |
Serial |
5453 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
de Nolf, W.; Dik, J.; van der Snickt, G.; Wallert, A.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
High energy X-ray powder diffraction for the imaging of (hidden) paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
910-916 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Over the past few years a number of innovative imaging techniques have been introduced for the visualization of hidden paint layers in Old Master Paintings. These include X-ray fluorescence scanning, TeraHertz imaging, optical coherence tomography and other acoustics-based forms of visualization. All of these techniques are usually a trade-off between their penetrative capability on the one side and their analytical precision in terms of spatial resolution and material identification on the other. Here, we present the first-time use of High-Energy X-ray Powder Diffraction imaging (HE-XRPD) in the study of hidden layers in paintings. As an imaging tool, it combines high-depth sensitivity with fingerprint identification of most inorganic painting materials. The potential as well as some limitations of this technique are demonstrated using model paintings as well as an authentic 16th century painting. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000289731900005 |
Publication Date |
2011-03-17 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
34 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:89922 |
Serial |
5640 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
van der Snickt, G.; Miliani, C.; Janssens, K.; Brunetti, B.G.; Romani, A.; Rosi, F.; Walter, P.; Castaing, J.; de Nolf, W.; Klaassen, L.; Labarque, I.; Wittermann, R. |
| Title |
Material analyses of “Christ with singing and music-making Angels”, a late 15th-C panel painting attributed to Hans Memling and assistants : part 1 : non-invasive in situ investigations |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
2216-2229 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
In cultural heritage science, compositional data is traditionally obtained from works of art through the analysis of samples by means of various bench-top instruments (scanning electron microscope, Raman spectrometer, etc.). Alternatively, the object can be transported to a laboratory where it may be examined, usually by spectroscopic methods working in reflection mode. However, this paper describes how a complementary set of mobile and portable instruments was deployed in situ to gain a comprehensive view on the materials and related ageing compounds of an (almost) unmovable 15th-C polyptych, prior to and in preparation of the extraction of a limited number of samples. In line with the methodological approach discussed, PXRF was first employed as an efficient screening tool. The ensuing elemental data was supplemented by more specific information on both organic as inorganic materials supplied by reflection near- and mid-FTIR spectroscopy and fluorimetry. In completion, a limited number of diffraction patterns were collected with a mobile XRD instrument in order to identify the constituent crystalline phases in pigments, grounding materials and degradation products. In this way, it could be demonstrated how a rich array of colours was obtained by means of a limited palette of pigments: lead white, lead tin yellow, azurite, natural ultramarine, bone black, vermillion, madder lake, and a green copper-organo complex were detected and situated on the panels. Remarkably, next to chalk also gypsum was found in the ground layer(s) of this Western European easel painting. The relatively large surface of the background was covered with gold leaf; the analyses seem to point towards the labour-intensive water gilding technique. The versatility of this combination of analytical techniques was further illustrated by the accurate characterisation of degradation products affecting the readability and conservation of the painting: the overall presence of a calcium oxalate-based film of variable thickness was established. Nevertheless, further analysis of cross-sectioned samples was considered desirable in order to study the stratigraphy, to gain direct access to altered and sub-imposed layers and to allow highly detailed analysis of micrometric degradation products by state-of-the art techniques (i.e. synchrotron radiation). |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000296021800010 |
Publication Date |
2011-09-23 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
32 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0103.04, G.0689.06 and G.0704.08. The staff of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp is acknowledged for this pleasant cooperation and the authorisation for the publication of the images in this article. Therefore, a word of gratitude to Paul Huvenne, Yolande Deckers, Stef Antonissen and Gwen Borms. In addition, the authors would like to thank the MOLAB's team operators Chiari Anselmi and Federica Presciutti. MOLAB analyses have been carried out through the support of the EU within the 6th Framework Programme (Contract Eu-ARTECH, RII3-CT-2004-506171). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:93680 |
Serial |
5705 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; de Nolf, W.; van der Snickt, G. |
| Title |
Optimization of mobile scanning macro-XRF systems for the in situ investigation of historical paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
899-909 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Elemental distribution maps are of great interest in the study of historical paintings, as they allow to investigate the pigment use of the artist, to image changes made in the painting during or after its creation and in some cases to reveal discarded paintings that were later over painted. Yet a method that allows to record such maps of a broad range of elements in a fast, non-destructive and in situ manner is not yet commonly available; a dedicated mobile scanning XRF instrument might fill this gap. In this paper we present three self-built scanning macro-XRF instruments, each based on the experience gained with its precursor. These instruments are compared in terms of sensitivity and limits of detection, which includes a discussion of the use of polycapillary optics and pinhole collimators as beam defining devices. Furthermore, the imaging capabilities of the instruments are demonstrated in three exemplary cases: (parts of) historical paintings from the 15th to the 19th century are examined. These cases illustrate the value of element specific distribution maps in the study of historical paintings and allow in the case of Vincent van Gogh's Patch of Grass a direct comparison between in situ and synchrotron based scanning macro-XRF. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000289731900004 |
Publication Date |
2011-03-21 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
107 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; The investigation of the “Triptych of the Seven Sacraments'' was done in collaboration with Griet Steyaert, independent restorer, and Lizet Klaassen, Royal Museum of Fine Arts (Antwerp, Belgium). The investigation of ”Patch of Grass'' was realized in collaboration with Luuk van der Loeff, Kroller-Muller-Museum (Otterlo, The Netherlands). M. Alfeld is a PhD fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16) NACHO. The text also presents results of GOA "XANES meets ELNES'' (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0103.04, G.0689.06 and G.0704.08. Further, the work presented was sponsored by the Innovational Research Incentives Scheme of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO (proj. no. 016.118.303). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:89919 |
Serial |
5758 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Radepont, M.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Coquinot, Y.; Klaassen, L.; Cotte, M. |
| Title |
The use of microscopic X-ray diffraction for the study of HgS and its degradation products corderoite (\alpha-Hg3S2Cl2), kenhsuite (\gamma-Hg3S2Cl2) and calomel (Hg2Cl2) in historical paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
959-968 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Since antiquity, the red pigment mercury sulfide (α-HgS), called cinnabar in its natural form or vermilion red when synthetic, was very often used in frescoes and paintings, even if it was known to suffer occasionally from degradation. The paint hereby acquires a black or silver-grey aspect. The chemical characterization of these alteration products is rather challenging mainly because of the micrometric size and heterogeneity of the surface layers that develop and that are responsible for the color change. Methods such as electron microscopy, synchrotron-based microscopic X-ray fluorescence, microscopic X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, Raman microscopy and secondary ion microscopy have been previously employed to identify the (Hg- and S-) compounds present and to study their co-localization. Next to these, also microscopic X-ray diffraction (XRD) (either by making use of laboratory X-ray sources or when used at a synchrotron facility) allows the identification of the crystal phases that are present in degraded HgS paint layers. In this paper we employ these various forms of micro-XRD to analyze degraded red paint in different paintings and compare the results with other X-ray based methods. Whereas the elemental analyses of the degradation products revealed, next to mercury and sulfur, the presence of chlorine, X-ray diffraction allowed the identification, next to α-HgS, of the Hg and S-containing compound calomel (Hg2Cl2) but also of the Hg, S and Cl-containing minerals corderoite (α-Hg3S2Cl2) and kenhsuite (γ-Hg3S2Cl2). These observations are consistent with X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements performed at the S- and Cl-edges. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000289731900011 |
Publication Date |
2011-03-03 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
40 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; The authors gratefully acknowledge GOA programme “XANES meets EELS'' (University of Antwerp Research Council), the IUAP VI/P16 programme ”Nacho'' (BELSPO, Brussels, Belgium) and FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0689.06, G.0704.08 and G017909N for financial support, the ESRF for granting beamtime under proposals no. EC442 and EC720, and Gema Martinez-Criado for practical help on ID18F. The KMSKA staff is also gratefully acknowledged for their help and interest. Javier Chillida is thanked for providing us with the Pedralbes samples. The authors are also indebted to the CHARISMA project (grant agreement 228330) for financial support. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:89927 |
Serial |
5896 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Lachmann, T.; van der Snickt, G.; Haschke, M.; Mantouvalou, I. |
| Title |
Combined 1D, 2D and 3D micro-XRF techniques for the analysis of illuminated manuscripts |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1989-1997 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
The combination of several micro-XRF analysis modes is presented for the investigation of an illuminated parchment manuscript. With a commercial instrument, conventional micro-XRF spot analysis (0D) and mapping (2D) are performed, yielding detailed lateral elemental information. Depth resolution becomes accessible by mounting an additional polycapillary lens in front of an SDD detector. Quantitative confocal depth profiles (1D) are presented as well as the full separation of the front and the backside decorations with the help of fast 3D mappings of specific areas. Only through the use of these multidimensional modes can elemental information be assigned both to lateral and depth positions, making the analysis of such heterogeneous samples feasible. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000385362200004 |
Publication Date |
2016-08-25 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:144755 |
Serial |
7679 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Aibéo, C.L.; Goffin, S.; Schalm, O.; van der Snickt, G.; Laquière, N.; Eyskens, P.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Micro-Raman analysis for the identification of pigments from 19th and 20th century paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of Raman spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Raman Spectrosc |
| Volume |
39 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1091-1098 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
In this article, results using confocal µ-Raman to analyse the cross-section of paint samples are presented. Results obtained with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) are mentioned and compared to the ones obtained with confocal (MRS). In some cases, pigment identification was possible only by combining analytical results from different techniques. The samples were drawn from five paintings belonging to the Academy of Fine Arts of Antwerp, which are part of a collection of 34 paintings made by students from the Academy between 1819 and 1920. Since, on the one hand, the painting techniques and materials, especially pigments, used in this period are still not completely known, and on the other hand, this collection constitutes a very important and reliable resource of information, these paintings were chosen for a systematic investigation. They represent the evolution of painting in Belgium over approximately a century. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000259242100020 |
Publication Date |
2008-05-16 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0377-0486 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.969 |
Times cited |
28 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.969; 2008 IF: 3.526 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:74467 |
Serial |
5716 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Schalm, O.; van der Linden, V.; Frederickx, P.; Luyten, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Caen, J.; Schryvers, D.; Janssens, K.; Cornelis, E.; van Dyck, D.; Schreiner, M. |
| Title |
Enamels in stained glass windows: preparation, chemical composition, microstructure and causes of deterioration |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Spectrochim Acta B |
| Volume |
64 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
812-820 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Vision lab |
| Abstract |
Stained glass windows incorporating dark blue and purple enamel paint layers are in some cases subject to severe degradation while others from the same period survived the ravages of time. A series of dark blue, greenblue and purple enamel glass paints from the same region (Northwestern Europe) and from the same period (16early 20th centuries) has been studied by means of a combination of microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis, electron probe micro analysis and transmission electron microscopy with the aim of better understanding the causes of the degradation. The chemical composition of the enamels diverges from the average chemical composition of window glass. Some of the compositions appear to be unstable, for example those with a high concentration of K2O and a low content of CaO and PbO. In other cases, the deterioration of the paint layers was caused by the less than optimal vitrification of the enamel during the firing process. Recipes and chemical compositions indicate that glassmakers of the 1617th century had full control over the color of the enamel glass paints they made. They mainly used three types of coloring agents, based on Co (dark blue), Mn (purple) and Cu (light-blue or greenblue) as coloring elements. Bluepurple enamel paints were obtained by mixing two different coloring agents. The coloring agent for redpurple enamel, introduced during the 19th century, was colloidal gold embedded in grains of lead glass. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000269995300018 |
Publication Date |
2009-06-19 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0584-8547; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.241 |
Times cited |
28 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
Iuap Vi/6; Fwo; Goa |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.241; 2009 IF: 2.719 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:79647 |
Serial |
1035 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
van der Snickt, G.; de Nolf, W.; Vekemans, B.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
μ-XRF/μ-RS vs. SR μ-XRD for pigment identification in illuminated manuscripts |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Applied physics A : materials science & processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Phys A-Mater |
| Volume |
92 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
59-68 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
For the non-destructive identification of pigments and colorants in works of art, in archaeological and in forensic materials, a wide range of analytical techniques can be used. Bearing in mind that every method holds particular limitations, two complementary spectroscopic techniques, namely confocal ì-Raman spectroscopy (ì-RS) and ì-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ì-XRF), were joined in one instrument. The combined ì-XRF and ì-RS device, called PRAXIS unites both complementary techniques in one mobile setup, which allows ì- and in situ analysis. ì-XRF allows one to collect elemental and spatially-resolved information in a non-destructive way on major and minor constituents of a variety of materials. However, the main disadvantages of ì-XRF are the penetration depth of the X-rays and the fact that only elements and not specific molecular combinations of elements can be detected. As a result ì-XRF is often not specific enough to identify the pigments within complex mixtures. Confocal Raman microscopy (ì-RS) can offer a surplus as molecular information can be obtained from single pigment grains. However, in some cases the presence of a strong fluorescence background limits the applicability. In this paper, the concrete analytical possibilities of the combined PRAXIS device are evaluated by comparing the results on an illuminated sheet of parchment with the analytical information supplied by synchrotron radiation ì-X-ray diffraction (SR ì-XRD), a highly specific technique. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000256426000008 |
Publication Date |
2008-03-19 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0947-8396 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
1.455 |
Times cited |
56 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.455; 2008 IF: 1.884 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:74465 |
Serial |
5695 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Trentelman, K.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Szafran, Y.; Woollett, A.T.; Dik, J. |
| Title |
Rembrandt's An Old Man in Military Costume: the underlying image re-examined |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Applied physics A : materials science & processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Phys A-Mater |
| Volume |
121 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
801-811 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
The painting An Old Man in Military Costume in the J. Paul Getty Museum, by Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn, was studied using two complementary, element-specific imaging techniques-neutron activation autoradiography (NAAR) and macro-X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) mapping-to reveal the second, hidden painting. NAAR provided a strong image of the face and cloak of the underlying figure, along with an indication of the chemical composition. The single-element distribution maps produced by MA-XRF mapping provided additional details into the shape of the underlying image and the composition of the pigments used. The underlying figure's face is richer in mercury, indicative of the pigment vermilion, than the face of the figure on the surface. Likewise, the cloak of the underlying figure is richer in copper than the surface figure though the identity of the copper-containing pigment cannot be determined from these data. The use of iron earth pigments, specifically Si-rich umbers, is indicated through the complementary information provided by the NAAR and MA-XRF maps. These data are used to create a false color digital reconstruction, yielding the most detailed representation of the underlying painting to date. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000364914100003 |
Publication Date |
2015-08-31 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0947-8396 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
1.455 |
Times cited |
22 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of all those who aided in the examination of this painting over the decades, that has culminated in the work presented here. Particular thanks go to Mark Leonard (former head of Paintings Conservation at the J. Paul Getty Museum) and Henry Prask (NIST) for carrying out the NAAR analysis; John Twilley (former GCI Scientist) for early investigations; Andrea Sartorius (former JPGM Paintings intern) for creating a mock-up painting used in earlier phases of this work; Peter Reishig (former GCI intern) for compiling the NAAR data; Catherine Patterson, Lynn Lee, and David Carson (GCI Science) and Gene Karraker (JPGM Paintings Conservation) for helping with the setup and operation of the M6 Jetstream; and Giacomo Chiari (former head of GCI Science) for performing the XRD analysis. Koen Janssens and Geert van der Snickt acknowledge the Fund Inbev-Baillet Latour for financial support. Joris Dik acknowledges the help of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) in the form of a VIDI grant in the Innovational Research Incentive Scheme. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.455; 2015 IF: 1.704 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:130289 |
Serial |
5812 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Alfeld, M.; van der Snickt, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; Appel, K.; van der Loeff, L.; Chavannes, M.; Meedendorp, T.; Hendriks, E. |
| Title |
Scanning XRF investigation of a Flower Still Life and its underlying composition from the collection of the Kröller-Muller Museum |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Applied physics A : materials science & processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Phys A-Mater |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
165-175 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000316075700020 |
Publication Date |
2013-01-29 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0947-8396 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
1.455 |
Times cited |
35 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This research was supported by the SSD program of BELSPO, Brussels (project S2-ART). Results are also presented here from Gemeenschappelijke Onderzoeksactie (GOA) 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund, University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) (Brussels, Belgium) project Nos. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. The research leading to these results was funded by the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 226716 and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) under the VIDI project “Looking Over the Painter's Shoulder” (grant No. 700.10.426). M. Alfeld is the recipient of a Ph.D. fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.455; 2013 IF: 1.694 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:108264 |
Serial |
5826 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Legrand, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Cagno, S.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
MA-XRF imaging as a tool to characterize the 16th century heraldic stained-glass panels in Ghent Saint Bavo Cathedral |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of cultural heritage |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
163-168 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
| Abstract |
MA-XRF is a novel macroscopic imaging technique originally developed for easel paintings and recently made available to glass conservators. This paper discusses the first real-life contribution of MA-XRF imaging to a conservation intervention of stained-glass panels. The six panels under study belong to the cathedral building since their creation in 1555-1559 AD. MA-XRF appeared an outstanding tool for first-line screening of stained-glass windows, providing readily interpretable information on glass type, coloring and alteration processes. In particular, the chemical imaging technique allowed distinguishing unambiguously the surviving original glass panes from later additions, thereby ensuring a correct historical understanding. From a more practical point of view, the experiments supplied accurate schemes that can be directly incorporated in condition reports and assist designing the ensuing conservation approach. (C0 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000491173800017 |
Publication Date |
2019-06-26 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1296-2074 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:167564 |
Serial |
8191 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Vanmeert, F.; Hendriks, E.; van der Snickt, G.; Monico, L.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Chemical Mapping by Macroscopic X-ray Powder Diffraction (MA-XRPD) of Van Gogh's Sunflowers : identification of areas with higher degradation risk |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Chem Int Edit |
| Volume |
57 |
Issue |
25 |
Pages |
7418-7422 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
The discoloration rate of chrome yellow (CY), a class of synthetic inorganic pigments (PbCr1-xSxO4) frequently used by Van Gogh and his contemporaries, strongly depends on its sulfate content and on its crystalline structure (either monoclinic or orthorhombic). Macroscopic X-Ray powder diffraction imaging of selected areas on Van Gogh's Sunflowers (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam) revealed the presence of two subtypes of CY: the light-fast monoclinic PbCrO4 (LF-CY) and the light-sensitive monoclinic PbCr1-xSxO4 (x approximate to 0.5; LS-CY). The latter was encountered in large parts of the painting (e.g., in the pale-yellow background and the bright-yellow petals, but also in the green stems and flower hearts), thus indicating their higher risk for past or future darkening. Overall, it is present in more than 50% of the CY regions. Preferred orientation of LS-CY allows observation of a significant ordering of the elongated crystallites along the direction of Van Gogh's brush strokes. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000434949200023 |
Publication Date |
2018-03-02 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1433-7851; 0570-0833 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
11.994 |
Times cited |
10 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; The authors acknowledge financial support from BELSPO (Brussels) S2-ART, the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts “ReVisRembrandt” project, the GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council), and the Interreg Smart*Light project. Raman analyses were performed using the European MOLAB platform, which is financially supported by the Horizon 2020 Programme (IPERION CH Grant 654028). The authors thank the staff of the Van Gogh Museum for their collaboration. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 11.994 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:153185 |
Serial |
5517 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Hendriks, E.; Vanmeert, F.; van der Snickt, G.; Cotte, M.; Falkenberg, G.; Brunetti, B.G.; Miliani, C. |
| Title |
Evidence for degradation of the chrome yellows in Van Gogh's sunflowers : a study using noninvasive in situ methods and synchrotron-radiation-based x-ray techniques |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Chem Int Edit |
| Volume |
54 |
Issue |
47 |
Pages |
13923-13927 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
This paper presents firm evidence for the chemical alteration of chrome yellow pigments in Van Gogh's Sunflowers (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam). Noninvasive in situ spectroscopic analysis at several spots on the painting, combined with synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray investigations of two microsamples, revealed the presence of different types of chrome yellow used by Van Gogh, including the lightfast PbCrO4 and the sulfur-rich PbCr1-xSxO4 (x approximate to 0.5) variety that is known for its high propensity to undergo photoinduced reduction. The products of this degradation process, i.e., Cr-III compounds, were found at the interface between the paint and the varnish. Selected locations of the painting with the highest risk of color modification by chemical deterioration of chrome yellow are identified, thus calling for careful monitoring in the future. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000367722500009 |
Publication Date |
2015-10-20 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1433-7851; 0570-0833 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
11.994 |
Times cited |
24 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; We acknowledge financial support from the Italian MIUR project SICH-PRIN (2010329WPF_001) and BELSPO (Brussels) Project S2-ART (SD04A), GOA “SOLARPAINT” (Research Fund Antwerp University, BOF-2015), and FWO (Brussels) projects G.0C12.13, G.0704.08, G.01769.09. We thank ESRF (EC-1051, HG-26) and DESY (I-20120312 EC) for beamtime grants received. Noninvasive analysis of Sunflowers were supported by the EU FP7 programme CHARISMA (Grant 228330) and the Fund Inbev-Baillet Latour (Brussels). L.M. acknowledges financial support from the CNR Short Term Mobility Programme-2013. We thank Muriel Geldof, Luc Megens, Suzan de Groot (The Netherlands Cultural Heritage Agency, RCE), Chiara Grazia, David Buti (CNR-ISTM and SMAArt Centre), and the staff of the Van Gogh Museum for their collaboration. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 11.994; 2015 IF: 11.261 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:131110 |
Serial |
5617 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
van der Snickt, G.; Dubois, H.; Sanyova, J.; Legrand, S.; Coudray, A.; Glaude, C.; Postec, M.; van Espen, P.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Large-area elemental imaging reveals Van Eyck's original paint layers on the Ghent altarpiece (1432), rescoping its conservation treatment |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Chem Int Edit |
| Volume |
56 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
4797-4801 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
A combination of large-scale and micro-scale elemental imaging, yielding elemental distribution maps obtained by, respectively non-invasive macroscopic X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) and by secondary electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and synchrotron radiation-based micro-XRF (SR m-XRF) imaging was employed to reorient and optimize the conservation strategy of van Eyck's renowned Ghent Altarpiece. By exploiting the penetrative properties of X-rays together with the elemental specificity offered by XRF, it was possible to visualize the original paint layers by van Eyck hidden below the overpainted surface and to simultaneously assess their condition. The distribution of the high-energy Pb-L and Hg-L emission lines revealed the exact location of hidden paint losses, while Fe-K maps demonstrated how and where these lacunae were filled-up using an iron-containing material. The chemical maps nourished the scholarly debate on the overpaint removal with objective, chemical arguments, leading to the decision to remove all skillfully applied overpaints, hitherto interpreted as work by van Eyck. MA-XRF was also employed for monitoring the removal of the overpaint during the treatment phase. To gather complementary information on the in-depth layer build-up, SEM-EDX and SR mu-XRF imaging was used on paint cross sections to record microscale elemental maps. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000398576000019 |
Publication Date |
2017-03-23 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1433-7851; 0570-0833 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
11.994 |
Times cited |
11 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This research was supported by the Baillet Latour fund, the Belgian Science Policy Office (Projects MO/39/011) and the Gieskes-Strijbis fund. The authors are also indebted to the BOF-GOA SOLAR Paint project of the University of Antwerp Research Council. The church wardens of the cathedral of St. Bavo and their chairman L. Collin are acknowledged for this agreeable collaboration. We also wish to thank conservators L. Depuydt, B. De Volder, F. Rosier, N. Laquiere and G. Steyaert as well as the members of the international committee. We are indebted to Prof. Em. A. Van Grevenstein-Kruse. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 11.994 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:142376 |
Serial |
5688 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Vanmeert, F.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Plumbonacrite identified by X-ray powder diffraction tomography as a missing link during degradation of red lead in a Van Gogh painting |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Chem Int Edit |
| Volume |
54 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
3607-3610 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Red lead, a semiconductor pigment used by artists since antiquity, is known to undergo several discoloration phenomena. These transformations are either described as darkening of the pigment caused by the formation of either plattnerite (β-PbO2) or galena (PbS) or as whitening by which red lead is converted into anglesite (PbSO4) or (hydro)cerussite (2 PbCO3⋅Pb(OH)2; PbCO3). X-ray powder diffraction tomography, a powerful analytical method that allows visualization of the internal distribution of different crystalline compounds in complex samples, was used to investigate a microscopic paint sample from a Van Gogh painting. A very rare lead mineral, plumbonacrite (3 PbCO3⋅ Pb(OH)2⋅PbO), was revealed to be present. This is the first reported occurrence of this compound in a painting dating from before the mid 20th century. It constitutes the missing link between on the one hand the photoinduced reduction of red lead and on the other hand (hydro)cerussite, and thus sheds new light on the whitening of red lead. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000351178300008 |
Publication Date |
2015-02-20 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1433-7851; 0570-0833 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
11.994 |
Times cited |
24 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; The authors acknowledge L. Van der Loeff and M. Leeuwestein (Kroller-Muller Museum) for providing the paint sample. We thank Dr. J. Jaroszewicz (WUT) for performing the CT measurements. This research was carried out at the light source PETRA III at DESY, a member of the Helmholtz Association (HGF). We thank Dr. G. Falkenberg and the members of his team for their assistance in using beam line P06. We acknowledge financial support from the University of Antwerp GOA projects “XANES meets EELS” and “SOLARPaint”, as well as from BELSPO (Brussels) Project S2-ART and FWO (Brussels) project “ESRF-Dubble”. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 11.994; 2015 IF: 11.261 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:124620 |
Serial |
5774 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Janssens, K.; Legrand, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Vanmeert, F. |
| Title |
Virtual archaeology of altered paintings : multiscale chemical imaging tools |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Elements |
Abbreviated Journal |
Elements |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
39-44 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Understanding how painted works of art were constructed, layer-by-layer, requires a range of macroscopic and microscopic X-ray and infrared-based analytical methods. Deconstructing complex assemblies of paints horizontally across a picture and vertically through it provides insight into the detailed production process of the art work and on the painting techniques and styles of its maker. The unwanted chemical transformations that some paint pigments undergo are also detectable; these changes can alter the paint's optical properties. Understanding the chemistry behind such paint degradation gives conservators vital clues to counter these effects and is an invaluable asset in protecting these cultural artefacts for future generations. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000370987700007 |
Publication Date |
2016-02-08 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1811-5209 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
4.038 |
Times cited |
12 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.038 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:132301 |
Serial |
5904 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Janssens, K.; Alfeld, M.; van der Snickt, G.; de Nolf, W.; Vanmeert, F.; Radepont, M.; Monico, L.; et al. |
| Title |
The use of synchrotron radiation for the characterization of artists' pigments and paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Annual review of analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annu Rev Anal Chem |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
399-425 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
We review methods and recent studies in which macroscopic to (sub)microscopic X-ray beams were used for nondestructive analysis and characterization of pigments, paint microsamples, and/or entire paintings. We discuss the use of portable laboratory- and synchrotron-based instrumentation and describe several variants of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis used for elemental analysis and imaging and combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Macroscopic and microscopic (μ-)XRF variants of this method are suitable for visualizing the elemental distribution of key elements in paint multilayers. Technical innovations such as multielement, large-area XRF detectors have enabled such developments. The use of methods limited to elemental analysis or imaging usually is not sufficient to elucidate the chemical transformations that take place during natural pigment alteration processes. However, synchrotron-based combinations of μ-XRF, μ-XAS, and μ-XRD are suitable for such studies. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000323887500019 |
Publication Date |
2013-06-18 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1936-1327 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
7.435 |
Times cited |
46 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 7.435; 2013 IF: 7.814 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:111315 |
Serial |
5902 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
van Loon, A.; Noble, P.; Krekeler, A.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Abe, Y.; Nakai, I.; Dik, J. |
| Title |
Artificial orpiment, a new pigment in Rembrandt's palette |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
26 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
This paper reports on how the application of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) imaging, in combination with the re-examination of existing paint cross-sections, has led to the discovery of a new pigment in Rembrandt's palette: artificial orpiment. In the NWO Science4Arts 'ReVisRembrandt' project, novel chemical imaging techniques are being developed and applied to the study of Rembrandt's late paintings in order to help resolve outstanding questions and to gain a better understanding of his late enigmatic painting technique. One of the selected case studies is the Portrait of a Couple as Isaac and Rebecca, known as 'The Jewish Bride', dated c. 1665 and on view in the Rijksmuseum. During the re-installation of the Rijksmuseum in 2013, the picture was scanned using the Bruker M6 Jetstream MAXRF scanner. The resulting elemental distribution maps made it possible to distinguish many features in the painting, such as bone black remains of the original hat (P, Ca maps), and the now discolored smalt-rich background (Co, Ni, As, K maps). The arsenic (As) map also revealed areas of high-intensity in Isaac's sleeve and Rebecca's dress where it could be established that it was not related with the pigment smalt that also contains arsenic. This pointed to the presence of a yellow or orange arsenic-containing pigment, such as realgar or orpiment that is not associated with the artist's palette. Subsequent examination of existing paint cross-sections from these locations taken by Karin Groen in the 1990s identified isolated, almost perfectly round particles of arsenic sulfide. The round shape corresponds with published findings on a purified form of artificial orpiment glass obtained by dry processing, a sublimation reaction. In bright field, the particles characteristically exhibit a dark cross in the middle caused by internal light reflections. The results of additional non-invasive techniques (portable XRD and portable Raman) are discussed, as well as the implications of this finding and how it fits with Rembrandt's late experimental painting technique. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000404916400001 |
Publication Date |
2017-06-02 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
6 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This research is part of the Science4Arts Program, funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (Grant No. SFA-11-12). GVdS is supported by the Baillet Latour Fund. The authors would like to thank Lisette Vos, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, for assisting with the MA-XRF scanning; Arisa Izumi and Airi Hirayama, students of the Tokyo University of Science, and Frederik Vanmeert, University of Antwerp, for assisting with the pXRD and pRaman measurements. We are also grateful to Rob Erdmann, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, who made the curtain viewer to facilitate comparison of the visible image with the elemental distribution maps of the painting. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:144864 |
Serial |
5479 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Simoen, J.; De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; De Keyser, N.; Avranovich, E.; van der Snickt, G.; Van Loon, A.; Keune, K.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Combined Micro- and Macro scale X-ray powder diffraction mapping of degraded Orpiment paint in a 17th century still life painting by Martinus Nellius |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
83 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
| Abstract |
The spontaneous chemical alteration of artists' pigment materials may be caused by several degradation processes. Some of these are well known while others are still in need of more detailed investigation and documentation. These changes often become apparent as color modifications, either caused by a change in the oxidation state in the original material or the formation of degradation products or salts, via simple or more complex, multistep reactions. Arsenic-based pigments such as orpiment (As2S3) or realgar (alpha-As4S4) are prone to such alterations and are often described as easily oxidizing upon exposure to light. Macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) imaging on a sub area of a still life painting by the 17th century Dutch painter Martinus Nellius was employed in combination with microscopic (mu-) XRPD imaging of a paint cross section taken in the area imaged by MA-XRPD. In this way, the in situ formation of secondary metal arsenate and sulfate species and their migration through the paint layer stack they originate from could be visualized. In the areas originally painted with orpiment, it could be shown that several secondary minerals such as schultenite (PbHAsO4), mimetite (Pb-5(AsO4)(3)Cl), palmierite (K2Pb(SO4)(2)) and syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)(2)center dot H2O) have formed. Closer inspection of the cross-sectioned paint layer stack with mu-XRPD illustrates that the arsenate minerals schultenite and mimetite have precipitated at the interface between the orpiment layer and the layer below that is rich in lead white, i.e. close to the depth of formation of the arsenate ions. The sulfate palmierite has mostly precipitated at the surface and upper layers of the painting. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000490592700001 |
Publication Date |
2019-10-16 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
2 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; The authors acknowledge financial support from the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts 'ReVisRembrandt' project (AvL, JD), the GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council) (SdM) and the METOX project (Belgian Federal Science Policy) (FvM). Special thanks go to the support received from FWO, Brussels via projects G056619 N and G054719 N (GvdS, KJ) and from NWO, The Hague via project NICAS/3D2P (KK, NdK). Parts of the MA-XRPD scanner could be purchased thanks to InterReg Project Smart*Light. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:163693 |
Serial |
5521 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Legrand, S.; Vanmeert, F.; van der Snickt, G.; Alfeld, M.; de Nolf, W.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Examination of historical paintings by state-of-the-art hyperspectral imaging methods : from scanning infra-red spectroscopy to computed X-ray laminography |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
13-11 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
The development of advanced methods for non-destructive selective imaging of painted works of art at the macroscopic level based on radiation in the X-ray and infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum are concisely reviewed. Such methods allow to either record depth-selective, element-selective or species-selective images of entire paintings. Camera-based full field methods (that record the image data in parallel) can be discerned next to scanning methods (that build up distributions in a sequential manner by scanning a beam of radiation over the surface of an artefact). Six methods are discussed: on the one hand, macroscopic X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction imaging and X-ray laminography and on the other hand macroscopic Mid and Near Infrared hyper- and full spectral imaging and Optical Coherence Tomography. These methods can be considered to be improved versions of the well-established imaging methods employed worldwide for examination of paintings, i.e., X-ray radiography and Infrared reflectography. Possibilities and limitations of these new imaging techniques are outlined. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
|
Publication Date |
2014-05-30 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record |
| Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:124629 |
Serial |
5619 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; Vertongen, R.; van Loon, A.; Gonzalez, V.; van der Snickt, G.; Vandivere, A.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Imaging secondary reaction products at the surface of Vermeer's Girl with the Pearl Earring by means of macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction scanning |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
67 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
| Abstract |
The use of non-invasive macroscopic imaging techniques is becoming more prevalent in the field of cultural heritage, especially to avoid invasive procedures that damage valuable artworks. For this purpose, an X-ray powder diffraction scanner (MA-XRPD) capable of visualising crystalline compounds in a highly specific manner was recently developed. Many inorganic pigments present in paintings fall into this category of materials. In this study, the 17th century oil painting Girl with a Pearl Earring (c. 1665) by Johannes Vermeer was analysed with a combination of transmission and reflection mode MA-XRPD. By employing this scanner in reflection mode, the relative sensitivity for compounds that are present at the paint surface could be increased, establishing it as a highly relevant technique for investigating the degradation processes that are ongoing at paint surfaces. Many of the original pigments employed by Vermeer could be identified, along with four secondary alteration products: gypsum (CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O), anglesite (PbSO4), palmierite (K2Pb(SO4)(2)) and weddellite (CaC2O4 center dot 2H(2)O). The formation of gypsum was linked to the presence of chalk in the upper glaze layer while the formation of palmierite and weddellite is driven by the presence of lake pigments (and their substrates). In this manner, MA-XRPD can also be used to pinpoint locations relevant for sampling and synchrotron mu-XRPD analysis, which provides information on the microscopic make-up of the paint. A paint cross-section taken from an area rich in palmierite was analysed with synchrotron mu-XRPD, which confirmed the presence of this secondary compound at the interface of the upper paint layer with the ground layer as well as the presence of anglesite in the ground layer. The capacity of MA-XRPD to identify and chart secondary alteration products in a non-invasive manner has only very recently been demonstrated and makes it a highly relevant technique for the assessment of the chemical condition of works of art. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000484938100001 |
Publication Date |
2019-09-08 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
5 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; The authors would like to thank Interreg Vlaanderen-Nederland for funding to help develop the MA-rXRPD scanner. This project was made possible with support from the Johan Maurits Compagnie Foundation. This study was supported by Interreg and CALIPSOplus (Grant 730872). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:162801 |
Serial |
5653 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
De Keyser, N.; van der Snickt, G.; Van Loon, A.; Legrand, S.; Wallert, A.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606-1684): a technical examination of fruit and flower still lifes combining MA-XRF scanning, cross-section analysis and technical historical sources |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
38 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
This article discusses the technical examination of five flower and fruit still life paintings by the seventeenth century artist Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606-1684). The painter is known for his meticulously composed and finely detailed still life paintings and is a master in imitating the surface textures of various fruits, flowers, and objects. Macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning experiments were supplemented with a study of paint cross-sections and contemporary art technical sources with the aim of reconstructing the complex build-up of the overall lay-in of the composition and individual subjects. MA-XRF provided information on the distribution of key chemical elements present in painting materials and made it possible to recapture evidence of the different phases in the artist's working methods: from the application of the ground layers, to De Heem's characteristic oval-shaped underpaintings, and finally, the superposition of multiple paint layers in the working up of the paintings. SEM-EDX analysis of a limited number of paint cross-sections complemented the chemical images with local and layer-specific information on the microscale, providing more accuracy on the layer sequence and enabling the study of elements with a low atomic number for which the non-invasive technique is less sensitive. The results from this technical examination were in addition compared with recipes and paint instructions, to obtain a better understanding of the relation between the general practice and actual painting technique of Jan Davidsz. de Heem. Ultimately, this combined approach uncovered new information on De Heem's artistic practice and demonstrated the complementarity of the methods. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000410414000001 |
Publication Date |
2017-08-14 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
5 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This work is an extension of the Master thesis in Conservation-restoration (University of Antwerp, 2015-2016) of Nouchka De Keyser. Thesis supervisors were Dr. Geert Van der Snickt (Cultural heritage scientist, AXES, UA) and Dr. Olivier Schalm (Research scientist, UA). This research was supported by the Baillet Latour fund. The authors gratefully acknowledge the involved institutes (Rijksmuseum, the Mauritshuis and KMSKA) for the opportunity to examine the still life paintings of Jan Davidsz. de Heem. A great thanks is therefore due to Petria Noble, Pieter Roelofs, Anna Krekeler, Susan Smelt, Robert Erdmann, Abbie Vandivere, Edwin Buijsen and Masayuki Hinoue. SEM-EDX measurements were performed by Katrien Keune, scientific researcher at the Rijksmuseum. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:145628 |
Serial |
5681 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
da Silva, A.T.; Legrand, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Featherstone, R.; Janssens, K.; Bottinelli, G. |
| Title |
MA-XRF imaging on Rene Magritte's La condition humaine : insights into the artist's palette and technique and the discovery of a third quarter of La pose enchantee |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
37 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Magritte's composition La condition humaine, 1935 was found to conceal under its paint layers an entire quarter of a lost composition by the artist, until recently only known from a small black/white catalogue illustration-La pose enchantee, 1927. This study is the latest contribution to the discovery of the artist's missing painting, now known to have been cut into four parts and re-used by Magritte as the support for new compositions. Non-destructive analytical and examination methods and specifically macroscopic X-ray fluorescence (MAXRF) scanning and conventional X-ray radiography (XRR) were the two non-destructive analytical and examination methods used to study both compositions and add to the existing knowledge on the artist's palette during both periods. The first method is capable of identifying the presence and the distribution of key chemical elements present in artists' materials. In some instances elemental mapping provided useful information on the hidden painting, but conventional X-ray radiography (XRR) enabled a better visualisation of the form and paint application of the underlying composition. Furthermore, the turnover edges of the canvas reveal after over 80 years the artist's palette directly to the viewer. Additional XRF scanning of this exposed paint has confirmed and added to the existing research published to date of this lost painting, including a proposed colour reconstruction, but at the same time highlighting the need for further analytical research involving both non-destructive point analysis and the use of paint samples. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000410413500001 |
Publication Date |
2017-08-04 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:145695 |
Serial |
5696 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Dooley, K.A.; Gifford, E.M.; van Loon, A.; Noble, P.; Zeibel, J.G.; Conover, D.M.; Alfeld, M.; van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; Delaney, J.K. |
| Title |
Separating two painting campaigns in Saul and David, attributed to Rembrandt, using macroscale reflectance and XRF imaging spectroscopies and microscale paint analysis |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
46 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Late paintings of Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) offer intriguing problems for both art historians and conservation scientists. In the research presented here, the key question addressed is whether observed stylistic differences in paint handling can be correlated with material differences. In Saul and David, in the collection of the Royal Picture Gallery Mauritshuis in The Hague, NL, the stylistic differences between the loose brushwork of Saul's cloak and the more detailed depiction of his turban and the figure of David have been associated with at least two painting stages since the late 1960s, but the attribution of each stage has been debated in the art historical literature. Stylistic evaluation of the paint handling in the two stages, based on magnified surface examination, is further described here. One of the research goals was to determine whether the stylistic differences could be further differentiated with macroscale and microscale methods of material analysis. To address this, selected areas of the painting having pronounced stylistic differences were investigated with two macroscopic chemical imaging methods, X-ray fluorescence and reflectance imaging spectroscopies. The pigments used were identified and their spatial distribution was mapped. The mapping results show that the passages rendered in more detail and associated stylistically with the first painting stage, such as the orange-red color of David's garment or the Greek key design in Saul's turban, were painted with predominately red ochre mixed with vermilion. The regions of loose, bold brushwork, such as the orange-red slashing strokes in the interior of Saul's cloak, associated with the second painting stage, were painted with predominately red ochre without vermilion. These macroscale imaging results were confirmed and extended with scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis of three cross-sections taken from regions of stylistic differences associated with the two painting stages, including one sample each from the right and left sleeve of David, and one from the interior of Saul's cloak. SEM-EDX also identified a trace component, barium sulfate, associated with the red ochre of the second stage revisions. Combining mapping information from two spectroscopic imaging methods with localized information from microscopic samples has clearly shown that the stylistic differences observed in the paint handling are affiliated with differences in the chemical composition of the paints. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000441205600001 |
Publication Date |
2018-08-02 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
3 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support through the NWO Science4Arts program (ReVisRembrandt Project 2012-2018) and the NSF SCI-ART program (Award 1041827). JKD acknowledges support from the Andrew W. Mellon and the Samuel H. Kress Foundations. SL is grateful for a doctoral scholarship from the Research Council of the University of Antwerp. GvdS and KJ acknowledge support from the Fund Baillet Latour. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:153119 |
Serial |
5829 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Centeno, S.A.; Hale, C.; Caro, F.; Cesaratto, A.; Shibayama, N.; Delaney, J.; Dooley, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Stein, S.A. |
| Title |
Van Gogh's Irises and Roses : the contribution of chemical analyses and imaging to the assessment of color changes in the red lake pigments |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
18 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Vincent van Gogh's still lifes Irises and Roses were investigated to shed light onto the degree to which the paintings had changed, both individually and in relation to each other since they were painted, particularly in regard to the fading of the red lakes. Non-invasive techniques, including macroscopic X-ray fluorescence mapping, reflectance imaging spectroscopy, and X-radiography, were combined with microanalytical techniques in a select number of samples. The in-depth microchemical analysis was necessary to overcome the complications that arise when evaluating by non-invasive methods alone the compositions of passages with complex layering and mixing of paints. The results obtained by these two approaches were complemented by color measurements performed on paint cross-sections and on protected edges, and with historical information provided by the artist's own descriptions, early reviews and reproductions, and the data was used to carry out digital color simulations that provided, to a certain extent, a visualization of how the paintings may have originally appeared. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000401365400001 |
Publication Date |
2017-04-21 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
21 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:143748 |
Serial |
5903 |
| Permanent link to this record |
