| Records |
| Author |
Dik, J.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; van der Loeff, L.; Rickers, K.; Cotte, M. |
| Title |
Visualization of a lost painting by Vincent van Gogh using synchrotron radiation based X-ray fluorescence elemental mapping |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Chem |
| Volume |
80 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
6436-6442 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Vincent van Gogh (1853−1890), one of the founding fathers of modern painting, is best known for his vivid colors, his vibrant painting style, and his short but highly productive career. His productivity is even higher than generally realized, as many of his known paintings cover a previous composition. This is thought to be the case in one-third of his early period paintings. Van Gogh would often reuse the canvas of an abandoned painting and paint a new or modified composition on top. These hidden paintings offer a unique and intimate insight into the genesis of his works. Yet, current museum-based imaging tools are unable to properly visualize many of these hidden images. We present the first-time use of synchrotron radiation based X-ray fluorescence mapping, applied to visualize a womans head hidden under the work Patch of Grass by Van Gogh. We recorded decimeter-scale, X-ray fluorescence intensity maps, reflecting the distribution of specific elements in the paint layers. In doing so we succeeded in visualizing the hidden face with unprecedented detail. In particular, the distribution of Hg and Sb in the red and light tones, respectively, enabled an approximate color reconstruction of the flesh tones. This reconstruction proved to be the missing link for the comparison of the hidden face with Van Goghs known paintings. Our approach literally opens up new vistas in the nondestructive study of hidden paint layers, which applies to the oeuvre of Van Gogh in particular and to old master paintings in general. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Wos |
000258448100039 |
Publication Date |
2008-07-29 |
| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0003-2700; 5206-882x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor  |
6.32 |
Times cited |
178 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.32; 2008 IF: 5.712 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:74466 |
Serial |
5906 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Vanmeert, F.; Hendriks, E.; van der Snickt, G.; Monico, L.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Chemical Mapping by Macroscopic X-ray Powder Diffraction (MA-XRPD) of Van Gogh's Sunflowers : identification of areas with higher degradation risk |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Chem Int Edit |
| Volume |
57 |
Issue |
25 |
Pages |
7418-7422 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
The discoloration rate of chrome yellow (CY), a class of synthetic inorganic pigments (PbCr1-xSxO4) frequently used by Van Gogh and his contemporaries, strongly depends on its sulfate content and on its crystalline structure (either monoclinic or orthorhombic). Macroscopic X-Ray powder diffraction imaging of selected areas on Van Gogh's Sunflowers (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam) revealed the presence of two subtypes of CY: the light-fast monoclinic PbCrO4 (LF-CY) and the light-sensitive monoclinic PbCr1-xSxO4 (x approximate to 0.5; LS-CY). The latter was encountered in large parts of the painting (e.g., in the pale-yellow background and the bright-yellow petals, but also in the green stems and flower hearts), thus indicating their higher risk for past or future darkening. Overall, it is present in more than 50% of the CY regions. Preferred orientation of LS-CY allows observation of a significant ordering of the elongated crystallites along the direction of Van Gogh's brush strokes. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Wos |
000434949200023 |
Publication Date |
2018-03-02 |
| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1433-7851; 0570-0833 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
11.994 |
Times cited |
10 |
Open Access |
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| Notes |
; The authors acknowledge financial support from BELSPO (Brussels) S2-ART, the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts “ReVisRembrandt” project, the GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council), and the Interreg Smart*Light project. Raman analyses were performed using the European MOLAB platform, which is financially supported by the Horizon 2020 Programme (IPERION CH Grant 654028). The authors thank the staff of the Van Gogh Museum for their collaboration. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 11.994 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:153185 |
Serial |
5517 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; Cotte, M.; Susini, J. |
| Title |
Photon-based techniques for nondestructive subsurface analysis of painted cultural heritage artifacts |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Accounts of chemical research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Accounts Chem Res |
| Volume |
43 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
814-825 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Often, just micrometers below a paintings surface lies a wealth of information, both with Old Masters such as Peter Paul Rubens and Rembrandt van Rijn and with more recent artists of great renown such as Vincent Van Gogh and James Ensor. Subsurface layers may include underdrawing, underpainting, and alterations, and in a growing number of cases conservators have discovered abandoned compositions on paintings, illustrating artists practice of reusing a canvas or panel. The standard methods for studying the inner structure of cultural heritage (CH) artifacts are infrared reflectography and X-ray radiography, techniques that are optionally complemented with the microscopic analysis of cross-sectioned samples. These methods have limitations, but recently, a number of fundamentally new approaches for fully imaging the buildup of hidden paint layers and other complex three-dimensional (3D) substructures have been put into practice. In this Account, we discuss these developments and their recent practical application with CH artifacts. We begin with a tabular summary of 14 IR- and X-ray-based imaging methods and then continue with a discussion of each technique, illustrating CH applications with specific case studies. X-ray-based tomographic and laminographic techniques can be used to generate 3D renditions of artifacts of varying dimensions. These methods are proving invaluable for exploring inner structures, identifying the conservation state, and postulating the original manufacturing technology of metallic and other sculptures. In the analysis of paint layers, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) can highlight interfaces between layers in a stratigraphic buildup, whereas macrosopic scanning X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) has been employed to measure the distribution of pigments within these layers. This combination of innovative methods provides topographic and color information about the micrometer depth scale, allowing us to look into paintings in an entirely new manner. Over the past five years, several new variants of traditional IR- and X-ray-based imaging methods have been implemented by conservators and museums, and the first reports have begun to emerge in the primary research literature. Applying these state-of-the-art techniques in a complementary fashion affords a more comprehensive view of paintings and other artworks. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Wos |
000278842500013 |
Publication Date |
2010-05-12 |
| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0001-4842 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
20.268 |
Times cited |
78 |
Open Access |
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| Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects nr. G.0704.08 and G.0179.09 and from the UA-BOF GOA programme. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 20.268; 2010 IF: 21.852 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:83983 |
Serial |
5772 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Cotte, M.; Susini, J.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy for art conservation: looking back and looking forward |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Accounts of chemical research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Accounts Chem Res |
| Volume |
43 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
705-714 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
A variety of analytical techniques augmented by the use of synchrotron radiation (SR), such as X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) and X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD), are now readily available, and they differ little, conceptually, from their common laboratory counterparts. Because of numerous advantages afforded by SR-based techniques over benchtop versions, however, SR methods have become popular with archaeologists, art historians, curators, and other researchers in the field of cultural heritage (CH). Although the CH community now commonly uses both SR-XRF and SR-XRD, the use of synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (SR-XAS) techniques remains marginal, mostly because CH specialists rarely interact with SR physicists. In this Account, we examine the basic principles and capabilities of XAS techniques in art preservation. XAS techniques offer a combination of features particularly well-suited for the chemical analysis of works of art. The methods are noninvasive, have low detection limits, afford high lateral resolution, and provide exceptional chemical sensitivity. These characteristics are highly desirable for the chemical characterization of precious, heterogeneous, and complex materials. In particular, the chemical mapping capability, with high spatial resolution that provides information about local composition and chemical states, even for trace elements, is a unique asset. The chemistry involved in both the objects history (that is, during fabrication) and future (that is, during preservation and restoration treatments) can be addressed by XAS. On the one hand, many studies seek to explain optical effects occurring in historical glasses or ceramics by probing the molecular environment of relevant chromophores. Hence, XAS can provide insight into craft skills that were mastered years, decades, or centuries ago but were lost over the course of time. On the other hand, XAS can also be used to characterize unwanted reactions, which are then considered alteration phenomena and can dramatically alter the objects original visual properties. In such cases, the bulk elemental composition is usually unchanged. Hence, monitoring oxidation state (or, more generally, other chemical modifications) can be of great importance. Recent applications of XAS in art conservation are reviewed and new trends are discussed, highlighting the value (and future possibilities) of XAS, which remains, given its potential, underutilized in the CH community. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Wos |
000278842500003 |
Publication Date |
2010-01-08 |
| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0001-4842 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
20.268 |
Times cited |
74 |
Open Access |
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| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 20.268; 2010 IF: 21.852 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:83982 |
Serial |
5861 |
| Permanent link to this record |
