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Van Tendeloo, M. |
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Title |
Resource-efficient nitrogen removal from sewage : kinetic, physical and chemical tools for mainstream partial nitritation/anammox |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2022 |
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iv, 204 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Adequate removal of pollutants from sewage is important to protect the environment and public health. Today, sewage treatment plants are operational in many parts of the world, and although the used technologies are effective in removing pollutants from wastewater, they are energy- and resource-intensive. Reshaping sewage treatment into a two-stage system, with separated organic carbon and nitrogen removal, facilitates the transformation towards energy-positive sewage treatment. This thesis will focus on resource-efficient nitrogen removal from sewage via partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), with reduced organic carbon and oxygen consumption compared to conventional techniques. PN/A relies on the teamwork between two microbial groups to convert ammonium into nitrogen gas. Several other groups of microbes however can proliferate in the sludge, competing for substrate with the key players, lowering the nitrogen removal efficiency and increasing the energy demand. To obtain the desired microbial community, control tools should be applied to selectively promote the desired microbes while suppressing the unwanted competitors. In this thesis, multiple control tools were studied to establish a workable framework for successful implementation of PN/A in the main stream of a sewage treatment plant. These tools can be divided into three categories: i) kinetic tools, regulating substrate availability (e.g., oxygen availability control and residual ammonium concentration), ii) physical tools, revolving around sludge retention and selection (e.g., sludge age control and sludge aggregation form), and iii) chemical tools, exposing the sludge to stress conditions for which the unwanted microbes are vulnerable (e.g., sludge treatments with a single stressor such as free ammonia). The first research chapter focussed on oxygen availability control and single-stressor sludge treatments. The following two chapters covered the development of a novel multi-stressor concept combining substrate starvation and exposure to sulphide and free ammonia. In the final research chapter, the previously obtained knowledge was combined into a demonstration study on pilot-scale. The combination of these control tools was found effective in achieving nitrogen removal via PN/A, both on lab- and pilot-scale. Consequently, the obtained results in this thesis can catalyse the implementation of mainstream PN/A by providing a toolbox with multiple control tools and clever reactor design, thus advancing the concept of energy neutrality and resource efficiency in sewage treatment plants. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:187665 |
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7204 |
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van Landuyt, J.; Kuypers, S.; van Heurck, C.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Amelinckx, S. |
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Title |
Methods of structural analysis of modulated structures and quasicrystals |
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H3 Book chapter |
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1993 |
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205-224 |
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H3 Book chapter; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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s.l. |
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0000-00-00 |
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UA @ lucian @ c:irua:6781 |
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2018 |
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Bottari, F. |
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Title |
Bio(inspired) strategies for the electro-sensing of β-lactam antibiotics |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2019 |
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205 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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In the broad context of food and environmental safety, the development of selective and sensitive analytical tools for the detection of β-lactam antibiotics in milk down to their Maximum Residues Limits (MRL), is still an open challenge. To address this need, the design of new bio(mimetic) electrochemical sensors was investigated in the present thesis. These sensors are based on the intrinsic electrochemistry of β-lactam antibiotics, taking advantages of the characteristic electrochemical fingerprints of the core structures and redox active side chain groups. The electrochemistry of nafcillin (NAF) and the isoxazolyl penicillins (ISOXA) was investigated, identifying the peculiar electrochemical fingerprint of each antibiotic, proving that it is possible to use electrochemistry for the selective detection of these antimicrobial drugs. Once verified the applicability of a direct detection, different sensor configurations were tested mainly focusing on: – the selection and validation of aptamers to be used as bioreceptors in the development of β-lactam biosensors; – the design of biomimetic receptors, particularly molecularly imprinted polymers, and other synthetic electrode modifiers compatible with a direct detection strategy. The selection of novel aptamers was performed following both a traditional FluMag SELEX protocol and a novel variant based on graphene oxide (GO). First results with the modified GO-SELEX are promising but more work still needs to be done to validate this novel approach. The few aptamers for β-lactam antibiotics, already reported in literature by other groups, were poorly characterized up to now. For this reason, a multi-analytical characterization protocol for aptamer binding studies was optimized and validated by focusing on aptamer AMP17 against ampicillin. The protocol combines ITC, nESI-MS and 1H-NMR. Very striking was the fact that the aptamer sequence did not show any sign of specific binding for its target, even if it was used in many other studies in the past. This thesis now offers a validated protocol for testing the affinity and binding capabilities of aptamer sequences. In parallel, the functionalization of the electrode surface with polymer modifiers was studied. In particular we optimized a MIP electrochemical sensor based on 4-aminobenzoic acid for the direct electrochemical detection of CFQ. Another approach was tested based on the intrinsic affinity of NAF for an oPD electropolymerized film on the electrode surface. Both sensors were found to be sensitive and selective for the detection of CFQ and NAF at MRLs in buffer solutions. The proposed protocols are robust and promising for technological transfer. Lastly, the research activity was directed towards milk sample analysis following two parallel routes: the development of a pre-treatment protocol for raw milk, based on solvent addition (ACN or ISO), and the study of β-lactam antibiotics electrochemistry in undiluted raw milk with addition of KNO3 as supporting electrolyte. Both approaches gave encouraging results and the detection of NAF, CFQ and CFU in the micromolar range was achieved, with the second approach in undiluted raw milk. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:164996 |
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7557 |
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Carvajal-Arroyo, J.M.; Vitor Akaboci, T.R.; Ruscalleda, M.; Colprim, J.; Courtens, E.; Vlaeminck, S.E. |
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Biofilms for one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal |
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H3 Book chapter |
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2016 |
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205-222
T2 - Aquatic biofilms : ecology, water qua |
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H3 Book chapter; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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978-1-910190-17-3 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:130466 |
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7559 |
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Xie, Y. |
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Bioreactor strategies for sustainable nitrogen cycling based on mineralization/nitrification, partial nitritation/anammox or sulfur-based denitratation |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2021 |
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iv, 205 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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In the biogeochemical flows on Earth, the reactive nitrogen (Nr) level has three times surpassed the safe boundary. The severe transgression of this boundary goes against sustainable planetary development. The modern food production process excessively relies on synthetic Nr fertilizers from the Haber– Bosch process. However, the massive loss of valuable nitrogen resources (i.e., 78-89%) from agriculture has been causing severe nitrogen cascade. Besides, the domestic wastewater in some local areas is discharged without proper treatment, making it a nonnegligible source of Nr pollution for local water bodies. Anthropogenic activities keep pumping out Nr pollution via point-source and non-point-source (NPS) emissions. Compared to the NPS emissions, point sources give visible and identified waste streams. It is vital to intervene the nitrogen cascade from point sources and facilitate humanity back to the safe Nr boundary. The collected and collectible Nr streams from food production, waste management, and recycling secondary raw materials can be used as waste-based fertilizers for agricultural cultivation. Besides the well-investigated recovery of inorganic Nr, organic Nr accounts for a massive Nr proportion on the Earth. Proper handling and treatment make these useful organic fertilizers for soil-based cultivation. However, these organic Nr fertilizers cannot directly apply to fertigation or hydroponic cultivation systems, and further biological conversion via nitrogen mineralization and nitrification to nitrate is essential. Besides the direct Nr cycling, the indirect Nr cycling ‘over the atmosphere’ should also be considered. In this way, the nitrogen cycle can be completed via converting the waste Nr back to nitrogen gas (i.e., Nr removal) and then synthesizing into Nr again. The municipal wastewater treatment plants receive a vast amount of low-strength Nr wastewater (mainly as ammonium) daily. Compared to the conventional nitrification/denitrification process, partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) is considered a resource- and cost-effective technology for wastewater with a low COD/N ratio. Moreover, the novel autotrophic denitratation/anammox process could be a good Nr removal process for wastewater containing both ammonium and nitrate. This Ph.D. thesis aimed to develop Nr recovery, conversion, and removal bioreactor strategies for different types of waste streams and biomass. Nr recovery was investigated on high-strength Nr waste streams for fertigation or hydroponic applications in Chapters 2 and 3. On the other hand, Nr removal was studied on the medium- to low-strength Nr waste streams in Chapters 4 and 5. In Chapter 2, a novel mineralization and nitrification system was proposed, producing nutrient solutions from solid organic fertilizers for hydroponic systems. Batch tests showed that aerobic incubation at 35°C could realize the NO₃⁻-N production efficiency above 90% from a novel microbial fertilizer. Subsequently, in the stirred tank bioreactor test, NO₃⁻-N production efficiency stabilized in a range of 44-51% under the influent loading rate of 400 mg TN L⁻¹ d⁻¹ at a 5-day HRT. Using Ca(OH)₂ and Mg(OH)₂ as pH control reagents generated the nutrient solutions with different P, Ca, and Mg nutrient levels. After modeling the nutrient balancing process, the proportion of organic-sourced NO₃⁻-N in the Hoagland nutrient solution (HNS) of Ca(OH)₂ scenario was 92.7%, while only 37.4% in the Mg(OH)₂ scenario. Compared to commercial scenarios, the total costs of the organic-sourced HNS can be cost-competitive for hydroponic cultivation. In Chapter 3, the Nr recovery as nitrate (NO₃⁻-N) from diluted human urine (around 670 mg N L⁻¹) was explored in a trickling filter (TF) for the first time. A novel concept of in-situ integrating the TF system into hydroponic systems was proposed as meaningful progress towards sustainable agriculture. The difference between synthetic and real urine in nitrification efficiency was found to be negligible. The full nitrification of alkalinized real urine was realized in the pH-controlled TF by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) at around pH 6. The TF could handle different urine collection batches and maintain relatively stable nitrification performance, with NO₃⁻-N production efficiency and rate of 88±3% and 136±4 mg N L⁻¹ d⁻¹, respectively. The optimal HLR to realize this nitrification performance was 2 m³ m⁻² h⁻¹, with energy consumption of 1.8 kWh electricity kg⁻¹ NO₃⁻-N production. Ca(OH)₂, as a cheap base, its triple advantages on urine alkalinization, full nitrification, and macronutrient supplementation were successfully demonstrated in our proposed concept. In Chapter 4, towards more sustainable wastewater treatment, the feasibility of one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) was investigated in three parallel packed-bed trickling filters (TFs), with three types of carrier materials of different specific surface areas. Synthetic wastewater containing 100-250 mg NH₄⁺-N L⁻¹ was tested to mimic medium-strength household waste streams after carbon removal. Interestingly, the cheap carrier based on expanded clay achieved similar rates as commercially used plastic carrier materials. The top passive ventilation combined with an optimum hydraulic loading rate of 1.8 m³ m⁻² h⁻¹ could reach approximately 60% total nitrogen (TN) removal at a rate of 300 mg N L⁻¹ d⁻¹. A relatively low NO₃⁻-N production (13%) via PN/A was achieved in TFs. Most of the TN removal took place in the top compartment, where anammox activity was the highest. Energy consumption estimation (0.78 kWh electricity g⁻¹ N removed) suggested that the proposed process could be a suitable low-cost alternative for nitrogen removal. In Chapter 5, coupling sulfur-driven denitratation (SDN) with anammox was proposed to treat the wastewater containing both NO₃⁻-N and NH₄⁺-N, like the secondary effluents of mainstream PN/A processes. To explore the feasibility of sufficient and stable NO₂⁻-N accumulation via SDN in the long term, the effects of pH setpoints, residual NO₃⁻-N level, and biomass-specific NO₃⁻-N loading rate (BSNLR) were investigated. Alternating the pH setpoints between 7.0 and 8.5 could temporarily stimulate the NO₂⁻-N accumulation. Both the residual NO₃⁻-N and BSNLR showed highly positive correlations with the NO₂⁻-N accumulation efficiency. Under the control of pH 8.5, 1.0±0.8 mg NO₃⁻-N L⁻¹ and 150±42 mg NO₃⁻-N g⁻¹ VSS d⁻¹, SDN could produce 6.4±1.0 mg NO₂⁻-N L⁻¹ in the short term. Thiobacillus members may play a crucial role in managing the NO₂⁻-N accumulation, but the reduction of abundance and possible adaptation significantly impaired the efficacy of control strategies in the long run. Overall, novel technologies have been proposed to sustainably convert Nr in waste streams and biomass. The decision for Nr recovery versus removal and synthesis should be based on specific cases with the best environmental, economic, and human-health sustainability. In the future, the Nr management concepts should be further improved to make the nitrogen cycle more sustainable with higher resource use efficiency and less Nr emissions to the environment. Although the thesis is mainly focused on limited types of Nr waste streams, it pointed out the direction of sustainable Nr management and could facilitate the Nr back to the safe boundary in the long run. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:182099 |
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7563 |
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Van Grieken, R. |
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New Chinese members of the Advisory Board of X-Ray Spectrometry |
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A1 Journal article |
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2006 |
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X-ray spectrometry |
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35 |
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4 |
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205-206 |
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A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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0049-8246 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:58861 |
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8297 |
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Ramirez-Rojas, I. |
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Underground connections : the interplay between tropical rainforest trees and soil microbial communities |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2024 |
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205 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO) – Ecology in a time of change |
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Tropical rainforests host an exceptional biodiversity and play a fundamental role in the regulation of global climatic cycles. Soil fungi and bacteria are key players in the transformation and processing of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems while having an essential role as tree mutualists or antagonists. Still, there are gaps in our understanding of the main variables driving soil microbes on these forests and it is unclear how future climate change scenarios may impact soil microbes and further affect the ecosystem. In this thesis, we first explored the drivers of the microbial community composition in two pristine forests in French Guiana by using amplicon DNA sequencing. The neighboring tree species were found to be a crucial factor influencing the fungal and bacterial community composition at our sites regardless of the season. Additionally, within the environmental factors explored, soil moisture, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) availability were consistently the main soil properties controlling the composition of soil microbial communities. Secondly, as increased nutrient deposition due to anthropogenic activities are expected to affect tropical forests ecosystems N and P availability, a factorial N and P nutrient addition experiment in the same sites was used to assess the effects of changes in the soil nutrient stoichiometry on the soil microbial communities. These results showed that after 3 years of nutrient additions, the bacterial and fungal community composition was affected by both the N and P additions. Besides, the fungal community composition had a stronger response to the nutrient addition, especially when P was added. Moreover, when the nutrient addition effect was assessed in bacteria and fungi with different life strategies, we found different nutrient optima between them. Furthermore, to study the effect of the connection to an existing mycorrhizal mycelium on tree seedlings, I established a mycelium exclusion experiment. Interestingly, we could not detect an effect of the mycorrhizal mycelium exclusion on the seedling N uptake, performance, or fungal community composition in roots after one year. All together this work provides a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the soil microbial communities on these lowland tropical forests, demonstrating that the tree community composition exerts a higher influence on the soil microbial community composition than previously expected. Moreover, our results show that the fungal and bacterial community composition and its relationship with trees in the vicinity is highly dependent on the ecosystem nutrient availability. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:204907 |
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9237 |
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Trenchev, G. |
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Computational modelling of atmospheric DC discharges for CO2 conversion |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2019 |
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206 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:163986 |
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6290 |
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Stefaniak, E.A.; Darchuk, L.; Sapundjiev, D.; Kips, R.; Aregbe, Y.; Van Grieken, R. |
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New insight into UO2F2 particulate structure by micro-Raman spectroscopy |
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A1 Journal article |
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2013 |
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Journal of molecular structure |
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1040 |
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206-212 |
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A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Uranyl fluoride particles produced via hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride have been deposited on different substrates: polished graphite disks, silver foil, stainless steel and gold-coated silicon wafer, and measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS). All three metallic substrates enhanced the Raman signal delivered by UO2F2 in comparison to graphite. The fundamental stretching of the UO band appeared at 867 cm−1 in case of the graphite substrate, while in case of the others it was shifted to lower frequencies (down to 839 cm−1). All applied metallic substrates showed the expected effect of Raman signal enhancement; however the gold layer appeared to be most effective. Application of new substrates provides more information on the molecular structure of uranyl fluoride precipitation, which is interesting for nuclear safeguards and nuclear environmental analysis. |
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000318961000027 |
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2013-02-19 |
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0022-2860 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:107123 |
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8299 |
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Wittner, N. |
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Improving and characterising solid-state fungal pretreatment by Phanerochaete chrysosporium for sugar production from poplar wood |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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206 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Biochemical Wastewater Valorization & Engineering (BioWaVE) |
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Abstract |
Pretreatment is a critical step in the conversion of lignocellulose into biofuels and biochemicals. During pretreatment, the recalcitrance of lignocellulose is reduced, e.g. by removing lignin, thereby making the carbohydrates more accessible for enzymatic saccharification. Fungal delignification by white-rot fungi is a biotechnological alternative to chemical/physicochemical methods, which is carried out in solid-state fermentation with mild reaction conditions and without the formation of microbial inhibitors. However, fungal pretreatment presents some challenges, such as long pretreatment time, non-selective and low delignification, low enzymatic digestibility and feedstock sterilisation requirement, making its commercial implementation challenging compared to conventional methods. This study investigates the possibility of improving and characterising the solid-state fungal pretreatment of poplar wood by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The individual and combined effects of MnSO4 and CuSO4 supplements on the delignification of sterilised wood are investigated using response surface methodology to improve the degree and selectivity of fungal delignification. Spore-inoculated solid-state fermentations are carried out for 4 weeks in sterile vented bottles. The mechanism of the concerted action of the metal ions on lignin degradation is then elucidated by relating fungal growth and ligninolytic enzyme activities to lignocellulose degradation as a function of pretreatment time. The optimised metal-supplemented system is then applied to the pretreatment of non-sterilised wood using different inoculation techniques (spores and pre-colonised substrate), nutrients (metal ions with or without glucose and sodium nitrate) and cultivation environments (sterile aerated bottles and open trays). The fermentations are then characterised using infrared spectroscopy, in particular NIR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, with the aim of developing rapid lignin quantification methods as an alternative to conventional wet chemical methods. Finally, the feasibility of producing fermentable sugars from sterilised and non-sterilised poplar wood using fungal pretreatment is evaluated through a techno-economic analysis. Supplementing the pretreatment system with 2.01 µmol CuSO4 and 0.77 µmol MnSO4 g-1 wood resulted in 1.9-fold higher lignin degradation, 2.3-fold higher delignification selectivity value and 2.9-fold higher glucose yield. The improved delignification could be explained by the concerted action of Mn2+ and Cu2+ ions, with Mn2+ ions inducing and Cu2+ prolonging manganese peroxidase production responsible for delignification. Fungal pretreatment at non-sterile conditions was obtained using trays in a simple solid-state fermentation set-up without sterile aeration. A 1:3 ratio of pre-colonised and untreated wood was applied for inoculation and only Cu2+, Mn2+ and sodium nitrate as supplements. Remarkably, this technology resulted in a comparably high glucose yield (28.51 ± 0.28%) to the traditional method using sterilised wood, sterile aeration and spores as inoculum, while reducing the amount of wood to be sterilised by 71.2%. Infrared spectroscopy-based methods with high coefficients of determination (R_CV |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:197185 |
Serial |
8883 |
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Author |
Bruijnen, Y.; Caen, J.M.A.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; et al. |
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Title |
Getekend Jan R. : Jan Rombouts, een renaissancemeester herontdekt |
Type |
ME2 Book as editor or co-editor |
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Year |
2012 |
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Pages |
207 p. |
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ME2 Book as editor or co-editor; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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978-90-6153-780-9 |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:115160 |
Serial |
5633 |
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Author |
Anđelković, M. |
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Title |
O(N) numerical methods for investigating graphene heterostructures and moiré patterns |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2019 |
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207 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:165205 |
Serial |
6315 |
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Author |
Vermeiren, V. |
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Title |
Chemical kinetics modeling of non-equilibrium and thermal effects in vibrationally active CO2 plasmas |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2020 |
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207 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:173385 |
Serial |
6468 |
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Author |
Vanrompay, H. |
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Title |
Toward fast and dose efficient electron tomography |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2020 |
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207 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:169852 |
Serial |
6632 |
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Author |
Sebhatu, K.T.; Taheri, F.; Berhanu, T.; Maertens, M.; Van Passel, S.; D'Haese, M. |
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Title |
Beyond focus : exploring variability of service provision of agricultural cooperatives |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Annals of public and cooperative economics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
207-231 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Abstract |
The wide array of services provided by agricultural cooperatives for their members is often not considered in academic studies. Addressing this gap in the literature, our paper explores the wide array of services provided by agricultural cooperatives and how these extend beyond those they were initially intended to provide. We study the extent and characteristics of service portfolios from 511 agricultural cooperatives in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. Results from two-limit Tobit models confirm that government and NGO-initiated cooperatives have a wide service portfolio compared to member-initiated cooperatives. In many of the studied cooperatives, the services they provide and their portfolios are more diverse than expected. Cooperatives seem to go beyond their focal areas of intervention. Also, those cooperatives that are more outward-oriented and where the chair has contact with other cooperatives or businesses, have a wider service portfolio. These results may help to explain the mixed findings on the impact of cooperative membership. |
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000583855500001 |
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2020-10-27 |
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1370-4788; 1467-8292 |
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UA library record; WoS full record |
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OpenAccess |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:173574 |
Serial |
6916 |
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Author |
Spanoghe, J. |
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Title |
Purple bacteria cultivation on light, carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas : exploring and tuning the potential for microbial food production |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2022 |
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vi, 207 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
The human population is projected to grow to 9.7 billion by 2050, resulting in an estimated increase in protein demand of 50%. From an environmental perspective, the current and future demand of protein cannot be sustainably met as the conventional food production chain is severely altering biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus, biodiversity and land-use, with flows towards the biosphere and oceans that are exceeding the planetary boundaries. Microbial protein (protein derived from microorganisms) has been suggested as an excellent sustainable protein source, a fortiori when produced in a land- and fossil free manner. The photoautohydrogenotrophic cultivation (i.e. with light, CO2 and H2) of purple bacteria links up perfectly with the upcoming green electrification of industry (green H2) and the need for carbon capture and utilization. However, this metabolism represented a gap in literature, and thus this thesis aimed to establish a basic knowledge platform on its kinetic, stoichiometric and nutritional performance. At first, three originally photoheterotrophically enriched purple bacteria were studied of which Rhodobacter capsulatus reached the highest protein productivity of 0.16 g protein/L/d, which aligned well with the commonly-known photoautotrophic microalgae. Moreover, a full dietary essential amino acid match was found for human food, while the fatty acid content was dominated by the health-stimulating vaccenic acid (82-86%). Lastly, the achieved protein yield in photoautohydrogenotrophic purple bacteria was 2.3 times higher compared to hydrogen oxidizing bacteria, indicating a resource-efficient use of H2. Next, a photoautohydrogenotrophic enrichment of wastewater treatment microbiomes was performed in search for specialist species. While the isolates of this enrichment showed improvements in their performance during acclimation, the kinetic and nutritional performance of Rhodobacter capsulatus still excelled. Subsequently, the influence of nutrient limitations (C or N) and nitrogen gas fixation was studied on the nutritional tuning potential. Both the limitations as well as the N2 fixation resulted in the shift of the essential amino acid profiles. Additionally, the limitations significantly decreased the pigment content, while an increase in the storage of poly-P was seen in case of carbon limitations. The next major challenge was the production intensification in a photobioreactor of which the design was linked to minimizing both H2 and light limitations. The chosen bubble-column photobioreactor already resulted in a doubled biomass productivity. Finally, the remaining technological and non-technological challenges ahead for the production of a high-value, cost-efficient, environment-friendly microbial protein that complies with legislative requirements and appeals to future consumers were discussed. |
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978-90-5728-741-1 |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:188233 |
Serial |
7198 |
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Author |
Hoornaert, S.; Treiger, B.; Valkovic, V.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Electron probe X-ray microanalysis for the assessment of homogeneity of candidate reference materials at the nanogram level |
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A1 Journal article |
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1998 |
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Microchimica acta |
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128 |
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207-213 |
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A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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000071438000010 |
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2005-02-26 |
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0026-3672; 1436-5073 |
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UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:20960 |
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7873 |
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Author |
Xhoffer, C.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Environmental aerosol characterization by single particle analysis techniques |
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H3 Book chapter |
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1993 |
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207-245
T2 - Environmental particles; 2 / Buffle, |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:6267 |
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7926 |
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Ramesh, R.; Subramanian, V.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Heavy metal distribution in sediments of Krishna River basin, India |
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A1 Journal article |
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1990 |
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Environmental geology and water sciences |
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15 |
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207-216 |
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A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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0177-5146 |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:116933 |
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8022 |
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Author |
Zhu, W. |
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Title |
Microbial resource management for mainstream partial nitritation/anammox : strategies to enhance the nitrogen conversion efficiency |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2021 |
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207 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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This thesis provides three potential ways to enhance the nitrogen removal efficiency of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), a key technology to enable energy-positive sewage treatment. In Chapter 1, the typical technologies to promote nitrogen removal efficiency are summarized. In Chapters 2 and 3, the concept ‘winter bioaugmentation with stored summer surplus sludge’ is proposed. Applying that, a cost-effective sludge preservation strategy is required. Preserving PN/A biomass without cooling and redox adjustment proved to be the cost-effective strategy. The reactivation of these stored sludges was also tested in low-temperature systems (15 and 10℃). Respectively 56% and 41% of granules activity compared to pre-storage activity (after Arrhenius-based temperature correction) could be recovered within a month (41% and 32% for flocs activity). In the end, the stored AnAOB bioaugmentation was successfully validated in the lab (20℃). In Chapter 4, a return-sludge nursery concept, applying the sidestream nitritation and blending the resulting effluent with mainstream effluent to achieve an intermediate temperature and nitrogen concentrations, is proposed. That led to a 33 – 36% increase in nitrogen removal efficiency. Arrhenius’ expectations (10 ℃ higher temperature, θ = 1.09) could only explain 49-51% of the activity increase in the nursery reactor, pointing to the role of other factors, e.g., the ~400% elevated electrical conductivity (15-16%), the 56-335% higher effluent nitrogen concentrations (12-14%), and the synergy and unknown factors (20-23%). Thus, the return-sludge biostimulation approach could also enhance nitrogen efficiency in the mainstream. In Chapter 5, the N2O emissions, linked to three typical nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression strategies (low dissolved oxygen (DO) level, free ammonia (FA), and free nitrous acids (FNA) treatments) were tested in a biofilm system. A low emerged DO level (~0.60 mg O2 L-1) was effective to suppress NOB activity and decrease N2O emissions, but NOB adaptation gradually appeared after 200 days. Further NOB inhibition was successfully achieved by periodical (3 hours per week) FA (~30 mg NH3-N L-1) or FNA (~3 mg HNO2-N L-1) treatments. The FA treatment promoted N2O production, while the FNA treatment had no effect. Thus, PN/A systems should be operated at relatively low DO levels with periodical FNA treatment. In Chapter 6, the major findings proposed and the main conclusions drawn in this thesis are outlined. Beyond that, the possible design of a mainstream PN/A configuration that combined all described three technologies is demonstrated. Overall, the novel insights from this thesis potential to improve nitrogen removal efficiency in the mainstream. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:184236 |
Serial |
8245 |
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Author |
Tang, T.; Boenne, W.; Desmet, N.; Seuntjens, P.; Bronders, J.; van Griensven, A. |
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Title |
Quantification and characterization of glyphosate use and loss in a residential area |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
The science of the total environment |
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517 |
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207-214 |
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A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Urban runoff can be a significant source of pesticides in urban streams. However, quantification of this source has been difficult because pesticide use by urban residents (e.g., on pavements or in gardens) is often unknown, particularly at the scale of a residential catchment. Proper quantification and characterization of pesticide loss via urban runoff require sound information on the use and occurrence of pesticides at hydrologically-relevant spatial scales, involving various hydrological conditions. We conducted a monitoring study in a residential area (9.5 ha, Flanders, Belgium) to investigate the use and loss of a widely-used herbicide (glyphosate) and its major degradation product (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA). The study covered 13 rainfall events over 67 days. Overall, less than 0.5% of glyphosate applied was recovered from the storm drain outflow in the catchment. Maximum detected concentrations were 6.1 mu g/L and 5.8 mu g/L for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively, both of which are below the predicted no-effect concentration for surface water proposed by the Flemish environmental agency (10 mu g/L), but are above the EU drinking water standard (0.1 mu g/L). The measured concentrations and percentage loss rates can be attributed partially to the strong sorption capacity of glyphosate and low runoff potential in the study area. However, glyphosate loss varied considerably among rainfall events and event load of glyphosate mass was mainly controlled by rainfall amount, according to further statistical analyses. To obtain urban pesticide management insights, robust tools are required to investigate the loss and occurrence of pesticides influenced by various factors, particularly the hydrological and spatial factors. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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000352663800020 |
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2015-02-27 |
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ISSN |
0048-9697; 1879-1026 |
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UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:125992 |
Serial |
8431 |
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Author |
Hendrickx, M. |
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Title |
Study of the effect of cation substitution on the local structure and the properties of perovskites and Li-ion battery cathode materials |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
208 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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UA library record |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:173128 |
Serial |
6618 |
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Author |
Jannis, D. |
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Title |
Novel detection schemes for transmission electron microscopy |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
iv, 208 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Electron microscopy is an excellent tool which provides resolution down to the atomic scale with up to pm precision in locating atoms. The characterization of materials in these length scales is of utmost importance to answer questions in biology, chemistry and material science. The successful implementation of aberration-corrected microscopes made atomic resolution imaging relatively easy, this could give the impression that the development of novel electron microscopy techniques would stagnate and only the application of these instruments as giant magnifying tools would continue. This is of course not true and a multitude of problems still exist in electron microscopy. Two of such issues are discussed below. One of the biggest problems in electron microscopy is the presence of beam damage which occurs due the fact that the highly energetic incoming electrons have sufficient kinetic energy to change the structure of the material. The amount of damage induced depends on the dose, hence minimizing this dose during an experiment is beneficial. This minimizing of the total dose comes at the expense of more noise due to the counting nature of the electrons. For this reason, the implementation of four dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM) experiments has reduced the total dose needed per acquisition. However, the current cameras used to measure the diffraction patterns are still two orders of magnitude slower than to the conventional STEM methods. Improving the acquisition speed would make the 4D STEM technique more feasible and is of utmost importance for the beam sensitive materials since less dose is used during the acquisition. In TEM there is not only the possibility to perform imaging experiments but also spectroscopic measurements. There are two frequently used methods: electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). EELS measures the energy-loss spectrum of the incoming electron which gives information on the available excitations in the material providing elemental sensitivity. In EDX, the characteristic x-rays, arising from the decay of an atom which is initially excited due to the incoming electrons, are detected providing similar elemental analysis. Both methods are able to provide comparable elemental information where in certain circumstances one outperforms the other. However, both methods have a detection limit of approximately 100-1000 ppm which is not sufficient for some materials. In this thesis, two novel techniques which can make significant progress for the two problems discussed above. |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:182404 |
Serial |
6872 |
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Author |
Sleegers, N. |
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Title |
Cephalosporin antibiotics : electrochemical fingerprints and redox pathways investigated by mass spectral analysis |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
208 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab) |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:181014 |
Serial |
7588 |
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Author |
Saiz-Jimenez, C.; Garcia-Rowe, J.; Garcia Del Cura, M.A.; Ortega-Camvo, J.J.; Roekens, E.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Endolithic cyanobacteria in Maastricht limestone |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
The science of the total environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
209-220 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
The Maastricht limestone used for the construction of the 14th century O.L. Basilica in Tongeren, Belgium, is a light yellowish, porous, soft rock of the Late Cretaceous age. The limestone has a high carbonate content (> 95%); quartz and glauconite occur rarely. On the north side of the building, there is extensive growth of epilithic algae. On the south side, an assemblage of organisms was observed beneath the abiotic surface. This community, developed as a green layer 1 mm below the surface, is dominated by cyanobacteria. A moss was also present. The organisms were studied by transmitted light, phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy, and isolated in cultures. The cyanobacteria belong to the genera Synechococcus and Chroococcidiopsis, and the moss was identified as Tortula muralis Hedw. The organic matter present in the green layer was characterized in terms of molecular components using analytical pyrolysis. Pyrolysis products from polysaccharides and proteins, and evaporation/pyrolysis products from lipids, comprise the vast majority of identified compounds. The identification of specific biomarkers such as 7-methylheptadecane is further evidence of the presence of cyanobacteria. Phytenes and phytadienes are indicative of phototrophic organisms, as they are pyrolysis products from chlorophylls. |
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Wos |
A1990DF51800004 |
Publication Date |
2003-09-12 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0048-9697; 1879-1026 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:116654 |
Serial |
7902 |
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Author |
Samek, L.; Worobiec, A.; Van Grieken, R.; van Meel, K.; Kontozova, V.; Karaszkiewicz, P.; Wiłkojć, E. |
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Title |
Wpływ zwiedzajacych na zanieczyszczenia wnetrz muzealnych |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
209-218
T2 - Konserwacja zapobiegawcza w muzeach |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:67628 |
Serial |
8762 |
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Author |
Dingenen, F. |
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Title |
Solar-driven H2 production from seawater using stabilized plasmon-enhanced photocatalysts |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
XXXVIII, 210 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology |
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Abstract |
As natural gas prices proved to be very volatile, sustainable alternatives are highly needed. Water-derived H2 was revealed as a promising substitute, allowing to produce a green energy carrier with a minimum of harmful emissions. Direct splitting of earth-abundant seawater provides an eco-friendly route for the production of clean H2, but is hampered by selectivity and stability issues due to the presence of salts.Photocatalytic seawater splitting is particularly promising for this purpose, as it seems less affected by adversary seawater effects and might rely on free and renewable solar power. Unfortunately, the benchmark photocatalyst, TiO2, still suffers from its low solar light activity. It is only actived upon illumination with energetic ultraviolet light (<5% of the sunlight). In order to broaden the activity window to the visible light, the concept of the 'plasmonic rainbow' was explored. Here, TiO2 is modified with various gold-silver composites that possess the unique optical phenomenon of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). This phenomenon enables the absorption of light at very specific wavelengths, depending on the metal type, size, shape and dielectric environment. The light energy might then be converted into hot carriers, strong local electromagnetic fields and/or heat. By combining multiple composites with various sizes and compositions, a broadband absorption could be obtained, resulting in significantly enhanced activity in photocatalytic model reactions under simulated sunlight. The major disadvantage of these plasmonic nanoparticles is their tendency to oxidize and deactivate. To overcome this, polymer shell stabilization strategies were found to be effective to protect the metal cores. Both conductive and non-conductive polymers were studied. For the former, a mix-and-wait strategy generating polyaniline shells of 2-5 nm was used, whille the latter was based on a Layer-by-Layer approach, allowing (sub) nanometer thickness control. For the actual H2 production experiments, the plasmonic loading was optimized in a pure water:methanol scavenger (7:1) mixture and initially the stabilization strategies proofed to be effective for simulated seawater (0.5M NaCl), even after 2 years. However, in real seawater, the activity decreased drastically due to aggregation of the photocatalyst in the presence of multivalent cations. Finally, facile immobilization strategies using 3D printing showed to be able to yield stable, solar active photocatalyst for real seawater splitting. |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:203196 |
Serial |
9094 |
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Author |
Labey, E.; Fonteyn, F.; Wilmot, A.; El Amouri, S.; Gjurova, A.; De Cock, W.; De Wael, F. |
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Title |
Shaping utopia through law: how the law does (not) provide an answer to societal challenges |
Type |
ME2 Book as editor or co-editor |
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Year |
2023 |
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Pages |
210 p. |
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Keywords |
ME2 Book as editor or co-editor; Law; Government and Law |
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ISBN |
978-94-000-1654-5 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:198938 |
Serial |
9227 |
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Author |
Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Comparison with other microanalytical techniques |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
2000 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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211-243 |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:27727 |
Serial |
5532 |
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Author |
Osán, J.; de Hoog, J.; Worobiec, A.; Ro, C.-U.; Oh, K.-Y.; Szalóki, I.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Application of chemometric methods for classification of atmospheric particles based on thin-window electron probe microanalysis data |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Analytica chimica acta |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
446 |
Issue |
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Pages |
211-222 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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000172309400020 |
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ISSN |
0003-2670; 1873-4324 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:36385 |
Serial |
7468 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
