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Author Vereecke, B.; van der Veen, M.H.; Sugiura, M.; Kashiwagi, Y.; Ke, X.; Cott, D.J.; Hantschel, T.; Huyghebaert, C.; Tökei, Z.
Title Wafer-level electrical evaluation of vertical carbon nanotube bundles as a function of growth temperature Type A1 Journal article
Year 2013 Publication Japanese journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal Jpn J Appl Phys
Volume 52 Issue 42 Pages 04cn02-5
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract We have evaluated the resistance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown at a CMOS-compatible temperature using a realistic integration scheme. The structural analysis of the CNTs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the degree of graphitization decreased significantly when the growth temperature was decreased from 540 to 400 °C. The CNTs were integrated to form 150-nm-diameter vertical interconnects between a TiN layer and Cu metal trenches on 200 mm full wafers. Wafers with CNTs grown at low temperature were found to have a lower single-contact resistance than those produced at high temperatures. Thickness measurements showed that the low contact resistance is a result of small contact height. This height dependence is masking the impact of CNT graphitization quality on resistance. When benchmarking our results with data from the literature, a relationship between resistivity and growth temperature cannot be found for CNT-based vertical interconnects.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Kyoto Editor
Language Wos 000320002400150 Publication Date 2013-03-22
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-4922;1347-4065; ISBN Additional Links (down) UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.384 Times cited 5 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.384; 2013 IF: 1.057
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108713 Serial 3902
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Author Adjizian, J.J.; De Marco, P.; Suarez-Martinez, I.; El Mel, A.A.; Snyders, R.; Gengler, R.Y.N.; Rudolf, P.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bittencourt, C.; Ewels, C.P.;
Title Platinum and palladium on carbon nanotubes : experimental and theoretical studies Type A1 Journal article
Year 2013 Publication Chemical physics letters Abbreviated Journal Chem Phys Lett
Volume 571 Issue Pages 44-48
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract Pristine and oxygen plasma functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were studied after the evaporation of Pt and Pd atoms. High resolution transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of metal nanoparticles at the CNT surface. Oxygen functional groups grafted by the plasma functionalization act as nucleation sites for metal nanoparticles. Analysis of the C1s core level spectra reveals that there is no covalent bonding between the Pt or Pd atoms and the CNT surface. Unlike other transition metals such as titanium and copper, neither Pd nor Pt show strong oxygen interaction or surface oxygen scavenging behaviour.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000319109900007 Publication Date 2013-04-06
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0009-2614; ISBN Additional Links (down) UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.815 Times cited 23 Open Access
Notes Countatoms; Cost Approved Most recent IF: 1.815; 2013 IF: 1.991
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108706 Serial 2650
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Author Quintana, M.; López, A.M.; Rapino, S.; Toma, F.M.; Iurlo, M.; Carraro, M.; Sartorel, A.; Maccato, C.; Ke, X.; Bittencourt, C.; Da Ros, T.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Marcaccio, M.; Paolucci, F.; Prato, M.; Bonchio, M.;
Title Knitting the catalytic pattern of artificial photosynthesis to a hybrid graphene nanotexture Type A1 Journal article
Year 2013 Publication ACS nano Abbreviated Journal Acs Nano
Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 811-817
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract The artificial leaf project calls for new materials enabling multielectron catalysis with minimal overpotential, high turnover frequency, and long-term stability. Is graphene a better material than carbon nanotubes to enhance water oxidation catalysis for energy applications? Here we show that functionalized graphene with a tailored distribution of polycationic, quaternized, ammonium pendants provides an sp(2) carbon nanoplatform to anchor a totally inorganic tetraruthenate catalyst, mimicking the oxygen evolving center of natural PSII. The resulting hybrid material displays oxygen evolution at overpotential as low as 300 mV at neutral pH with negligible loss of performance after 4 h testing. This multilayer electroactive asset enhances the turnover frequency by 1 order of magnitude with respect to the isolated catalyst, and provides a definite up-grade of the carbon nanotube material, with a similar surface functionalization. Our innovation is based on a noninvasive, synthetic protocol for graphene functionalization that goes beyond the ill-defined oxidation-reduction methods, allowing a definite control of the surface properties.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000314082800088 Publication Date 2012-12-17
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1936-0851;1936-086X; ISBN Additional Links (down) UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 13.942 Times cited 69 Open Access
Notes 246791 COUNTATOMS; 262348 ESMI; ESF Cost Action NanoTP MP0901 Approved Most recent IF: 13.942; 2013 IF: 12.033
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:107707 Serial 1766
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Author Tsoufis, T.; Georgakilas, V.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Rudolf, P.; Gournis, D.
Title Incorporation of pure fullerene into organoclays : towards C60-pillared clay structures Type A1 Journal article
Year 2013 Publication Chemistry: a European journal Abbreviated Journal Chem-Eur J
Volume 19 Issue 24 Pages 7937-7943
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract In this work, we demonstrate the successful incorporation of pure fullerene from solution into two-dimensional layered aluminosilicate minerals. Pure fullerenes are insoluble in water and neutral in terms of charge, hence they cannot be introduced into the clay galleries by ion exchange or intercalation from water solution. To overcome this bottleneck, we organically modified the clay with quaternary amines by using well-established reactions in clay science in order to expand the interlayer space and render the galleries organophilic. During the reaction with the fullerene solution, the organic solvent could enter into the clay galleries, thus transferring along the fullerene molecules. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the surfactant molecules, can be selectively removed by either simple ion-exchange reaction (e.g., interaction with Al(NO3)3 solution to replace the surfactant molecules with Al3+ ions) or thermal treatment (heating at 350 °C) to obtain novel fullerene-pillared clay structures exhibiting enhanced surface area. The synthesized hybrid materials were characterized in detail by a combination of experimental techniques including powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoemission, and UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as thermal analysis and nitrogen adsorptiondesorption measurements. The reported fullerene-pillared clay structures constitute a new hybrid system with very promising potential for the use in areas such as gas storage and/or gas separation due to their high surface area.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Weinheim Editor
Language Wos 000319825500035 Publication Date 2013-04-15
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0947-6539; ISBN Additional Links (down) UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 5.317 Times cited 3 Open Access
Notes 262348 Esmi; 246791 Countatoms Approved Most recent IF: 5.317; 2013 IF: 5.696
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:107347 Serial 1599
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Author Ke, X.; Bittencourt, C.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
Title Low-dose patterning of platinum nanoclusters on carbon nanotubes by focused-electron-beam-induced deposition as studied by TEM Type A1 Journal article
Year 2013 Publication Beilstein journal of nanotechnology Abbreviated Journal Beilstein J Nanotech
Volume 4 Issue Pages 77-86
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is used as a direct-write approach to decorate ultrasmall Pt nanoclusters on carbon nanotubes at selected sites in a straightforward maskless manner. The as-deposited nanostructures are studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in 2D and 3D, demonstrating that the Pt nanoclusters are well-dispersed, covering the selected areas of the CNT surface completely. The ability of FEBID to graft nanoclusters on multiple sides, through an electron-transparent target within one step, is unique as a physical deposition method. Using high-resolution TEM we have shown that the CNT structure can be well preserved thanks to the low dose used in FEBID. By tuning the electron-beam parameters, the density and distribution of the nanoclusters can be controlled. The purity of as-deposited nanoclusters can be improved by low-energy electron irradiation at room temperature.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000314499700001 Publication Date 2013-02-04
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2190-4286; ISBN Additional Links (down) UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.127 Times cited 12 Open Access
Notes 262348 ESMI; 246791 COUNTATOMS; FWO G002410N; ESF Cost Action NanoTP MP0901 Approved Most recent IF: 3.127; 2013 IF: 2.332
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:106187 Serial 1848
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Author Bittencourt, C.; Krüger, P.; Lagos, M.J.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ewels, C.; Umek, P.; Guttmann, P.
Title Towards atomic resolution in sodium titanate nanotubes using near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure spectromicroscopy combined with multichannel multiple-scattering calculations Type A1 Journal article
Year 2012 Publication Beilstein journal of nanotechnology Abbreviated Journal Beilstein J Nanotech
Volume 3 Issue Pages 789-797
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract Recent advances in near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy coupled with transmission X-ray microscopy (NEXAFS-TXM) allow large-area mapping investigations of individual nano-objects with spectral resolution up to E/Delta E = 104 and spatial resolution approaching 10 nm. While the state-of-the-art spatial resolution of X-ray microscopy is limited by nanostructuring process constrains of the objective zone plate, we show here that it is possible to overcome this through close coupling with high-level theoretical modelling. Taking the example of isolated bundles of hydrothermally prepared sodium titanate nanotubes ((Na,H)TiNTs) we are able to unravel the complex nanoscale structure from the NEXAFS-TXM data using multichannel multiple-scattering calculations, to the extent of being able to associate specific spectral features in the O K-edge and Ti L-edge with oxygen atoms in distinct sites within the lattice. These can even be distinguished from the contribution of different hydroxyl groups to the electronic structure of the (Na,H)TiNTs.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000311482400001 Publication Date 2012-11-23
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2190-4286; ISBN Additional Links (down) UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.127 Times cited 13 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.127; 2012 IF: 2.374
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105140 Serial 3684
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Author Llobet, E.; Espinosa, E.H.; Sotter, E.; Ionescu, R.; Vilanova, X.; Torres, J.; Felten, A.; Pireaux, J.J.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Renaux, F.; Paint, Y.; Hecq, M.; Bittencourt, C.;
Title Carbon nanotube TiO2 hybrid films for detecting traces of O2 Type A1 Journal article
Year 2008 Publication Nanotechnology Abbreviated Journal Nanotechnology
Volume 19 Issue 37 Pages 375501-375511
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract Hybrid titania films have been prepared using an adapted sol-gel method for obtaining well-dispersed hydrogen plasma-treated multiwall carbon nanotubes in either pure titania or Nb-doped titania. The drop-coating method has been used to fabricate resistive oxygen sensors based on titania or on titania and carbon nanotube hybrids. Morphology and composition studies have revealed that the dispersion of low amounts of carbon nanotubes within the titania matrix does not significantly alter its crystallization behaviour. The gas sensitivity studies performed on the different samples have shown that the hybrid layers based on titania and carbon nanotubes possess an unprecedented responsiveness towards oxygen (i.e. more than four times higher than that shown by optimized Nb-doped TiO(2) films). Furthermore, hybrid sensors containing carbon nanotubes respond at significantly lower operating temperatures than their non-hybrid counterparts. These new hybrid sensors show a strong potential for monitoring traces of oxygen (i.e. <= 10 ppm) in a flow of CO(2), which is of interest for the beverage industry.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Bristol Editor
Language Wos 000258385600014 Publication Date 2008-08-02
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0957-4484;1361-6528; ISBN Additional Links (down) UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.44 Times cited 48 Open Access
Notes Pai Approved Most recent IF: 3.44; 2008 IF: 3.446
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:103083 Serial 282
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Author Bertoni, G.; Grillo, V.; Brescia, R.; Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Catellani, A.; Li, H.; Manna, L.
Title Direct determination of polarity, faceting, and core location in colloidal core/shell wurtzite semiconductor nanocrystals Type A1 Journal article
Year 2012 Publication ACS nano Abbreviated Journal Acs Nano
Volume 6 Issue 7 Pages 6453-6461
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract The ability to determine the atomic arrangement and termination of various facets of surfactant-coated nanocrystals is of great importance for understanding their growth mechanism and their surface properties and represents a critical piece of information that can be coupled to other experimental techniques and to calculations. This is especially appealing in the study of nanocrystals that can be grown in strongly anisotropic shapes, for which the relative growth rates of various facets can be influenced under varying reaction conditions. Here we show that in two representative cases of rod-shaped nanocrystals in the wurtzite phase (CdSe(core)/CdS(shell) and ZnSe(core)/ZnS(shell) nanorods) the terminations of the polar facets can be resolved unambiguously by combining advanced electron microscopy techniques, such as aberration-corrected HRTEM with exit wave reconstruction or aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM. The [0001] and [000-1] polar directions of these rods, which grow preferentially along their c-axis, are revealed clearly, with one side consisting of the Cd (or Zn)-terminated (0001) facet and the other side with a pronounced faceting due to Cd (or Zn)-terminated {10-1-1} facets. The lateral faceting of the rods is instead dominated by three nonpolar {10-10} facets. The core buried in the nanostructure can be localized in both the exit wave phase and HAADF-STEM images.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000306673800079 Publication Date 2012-06-18
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1936-0851;1936-086X; ISBN Additional Links (down) UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 13.942 Times cited 63 Open Access
Notes The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under grant number 240111 (NANO-ARCH) and the financial support from the Flemish Hercules 3 Programme for large infrastructures. G.B. and V.G. thank E. Rotunno for his help with STEM_CELL and IWFR. Approved Most recent IF: 13.942; 2012 IF: 12.062
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101138 Serial 710
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Gengler, R.Y.N.; Toma, L.M.; Pardo, E.; Lloret, F.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Gournis, D.; Rudolf, P.
Title Prussian blue analogues of reduced dimensionality Type A1 Journal article
Year 2012 Publication Small Abbreviated Journal Small
Volume 8 Issue 16 Pages 2532-2540
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract Mixed-valence polycyanides (Prussian Blue analogues) possess a rich palette of properties spanning from room-temperature ferromagnetism to zero thermal expansion, which can be tuned by chemical modifications or the application of external stimuli (temperature, pressure, light irradiation). While molecule-based materials can combine physical and chemical properties associated with molecular-scale building blocks, their successful integration into real devices depends primarily on higher-order properties such as crystal size, shape, morphology, and organization. Herein a study of a new reduced-dimensionality system based on Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) is presented. The system is built up by means of a modified Langmuir-Blodgett technique, where the PBA is synthesized from precursors in a self-limited reaction on a clay mineral surface. The focus of this work is understanding the magnetic properties of the PBAs in different periodic, low-dimensional arrangements, and the influence of the “on surface” synthesis on the final properties and dimensionality of the system.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Weinheim Editor
Language Wos 000307390300012 Publication Date 2012-07-03
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1613-6810; ISBN Additional Links (down) UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 8.643 Times cited 17 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 8.643; 2012 IF: 7.823
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101104 Serial 2736
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Author Schulze, A.; Hantschel, T.; Dathe, A.; Eyben, P.; Ke, X.; Vandervorst, W.
Title Electrical tomography using atomic force microscopy and its application towards carbon nanotube-based interconnects Type A1 Journal article
Year 2012 Publication Nanotechnology Abbreviated Journal Nanotechnology
Volume 23 Issue 30 Pages 305707
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract The fabrication and integration of low-resistance carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for interconnects in future integrated circuits requires characterization techniques providing structural and electrical information at the nanometer scale. In this paper we present a slice-and-view approach based on electrical atomic force microscopy. Material removal achieved by successive scanning using doped ultra-sharp full-diamond probes, manufactured in-house, enables us to acquire two-dimensional (2D) resistance maps originating from different depths (equivalently different CNT lengths) on CNT-based interconnects. Stacking and interpolating these 2D resistance maps results in a three-dimensional (3D) representation (tomogram). This allows insight from a structural (e.g. size, density, distribution, straightness) and electrical point of view simultaneously. By extracting the resistance evolution over the length of an individual CNT we derive quantitative information about the resistivity and the contact resistance between the CNT and bottom electrode.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Bristol Editor
Language Wos 000306333500029 Publication Date 2012-07-11
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0957-4484;1361-6528; ISBN Additional Links (down) UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.44 Times cited 29 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.44; 2012 IF: 3.842
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:100750 Serial 895
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Ke, X.
Title From top-down to bottom-up : from carbon nanotubes to nanodevices Type Doctoral thesis
Year 2010 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Antwerpen Editor
Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Additional Links (down) UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87408 Serial 1289
Permanent link to this record