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Author  |
Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Hendriks, E.; Vanmeert, F.; van der Snickt, G.; Cotte, M.; Falkenberg, G.; Brunetti, B.G.; Miliani, C. |
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Title |
Evidence for degradation of the chrome yellows in Van Gogh's sunflowers : a study using noninvasive in situ methods and synchrotron-radiation-based x-ray techniques |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Chem Int Edit |
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Volume |
54 |
Issue |
47 |
Pages |
13923-13927 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
This paper presents firm evidence for the chemical alteration of chrome yellow pigments in Van Gogh's Sunflowers (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam). Noninvasive in situ spectroscopic analysis at several spots on the painting, combined with synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray investigations of two microsamples, revealed the presence of different types of chrome yellow used by Van Gogh, including the lightfast PbCrO4 and the sulfur-rich PbCr1-xSxO4 (x approximate to 0.5) variety that is known for its high propensity to undergo photoinduced reduction. The products of this degradation process, i.e., Cr-III compounds, were found at the interface between the paint and the varnish. Selected locations of the painting with the highest risk of color modification by chemical deterioration of chrome yellow are identified, thus calling for careful monitoring in the future. |
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Wos |
000367722500009 |
Publication Date |
2015-10-20 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1433-7851; 0570-0833 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
11.994 |
Times cited |
24 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; We acknowledge financial support from the Italian MIUR project SICH-PRIN (2010329WPF_001) and BELSPO (Brussels) Project S2-ART (SD04A), GOA “SOLARPAINT” (Research Fund Antwerp University, BOF-2015), and FWO (Brussels) projects G.0C12.13, G.0704.08, G.01769.09. We thank ESRF (EC-1051, HG-26) and DESY (I-20120312 EC) for beamtime grants received. Noninvasive analysis of Sunflowers were supported by the EU FP7 programme CHARISMA (Grant 228330) and the Fund Inbev-Baillet Latour (Brussels). L.M. acknowledges financial support from the CNR Short Term Mobility Programme-2013. We thank Muriel Geldof, Luc Megens, Suzan de Groot (The Netherlands Cultural Heritage Agency, RCE), Chiara Grazia, David Buti (CNR-ISTM and SMAArt Centre), and the staff of the Van Gogh Museum for their collaboration. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 11.994; 2015 IF: 11.261 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:131110 |
Serial |
5617 |
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Author |
Monico, L.; Prati, S.; Sciutto, G.; Catelli, E.; Romani, A.; Balbas, D.Q.; Li, Z.; De Meyer, S.; Nuyts, G.; Janssens, K.; Cotte, M.; Garrevoet, J.; Falkenberg, G.; Tardillo Suarez, V.I.; Tucoulou, R.; Mazzeo, R. |
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Title |
Development of a multi-method analytical approach based on the combination of synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-analytical techniques and vibrational micro-spectroscopy methods to unveil the causes and mechanism of darkening of “fake-gilded” decorations in a Cimabue painting |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
114-129 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
Redox processes activated by environmental factors have been identified as the main cause of the chromatic alterations of a number of artists' pigments, including the yellow pigment orpiment (As2S3). Although a general comprehension of the mechanisms has been provided through characterization of degradation compounds of As2S3, experimental evidences to prove how other paint components and how different environmental agents influence the formation pathways of specific secondary compounds are still lacking. Thus, it becomes fundamental to develop a methodological strategy which enable achieving a discrimination among the causes affecting the chemical stability of more heterogenous As2S3-based paints and defining the mechanism through which the alteration establishes and evolves, with the ultimate goal of optimizing the preventive conservation measures of unique masterpieces. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive multi-material and multi-method approach based on the combination of synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-analytical techniques (i.e., X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy at S K-/Ag L-3-/As K-edges) and vibrational micro-spectroscopy methods to unveil the causes and mechanism of darkening of “fake-gilded” decorations in tempera paintings, originally consisting of an unusual mixture of As2S3 and metallic silver (Ag-0). Such degradation process is a not yet understood phenomenon threatening a series of Old Master paintings, including those by the Italian painters Cimabue and Pietro Lorenzetti. The high specificity, sensitivity and lateral resolution of the employed analytical methods allowed providing first-time evidence for the presence of black acanthite (alpha-Ag2S), mimetite [Pb-5(AsO4)(3)Cl] and syngenite [K2Ca(SO4)(2)center dot H2O] as degradation products of the “fake-gilded” decorations in the Maesta by Cimabue (Church of Santa Maria dei Servi, Bologna, Italy). Furthermore, the study of the painting combined with that of tempera paint mock-ups permitted to explore and define the environmental agents and internal factors causing the darkening, by proving that: (i) Ag-0 and moisture are key-factors for triggering the transformation of As2S3 to alpha-Ag2S and As-oxides; (ii) S2--ions arising from the degradation of As2S3 are the main responsible for the formation of alpha-Ag2S; (iii) light exposure strengthens the tendency of the paint components towards alteration. Based on our findings, we finally propose a degradation mechanism of As2S3/Ag-0-based tempera paints. |
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Wos |
000722353400001 |
Publication Date |
2021-11-18 |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.4 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.4 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:184871 |
Serial |
7142 |
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Author |
Osán, J.; Török, S.; Alföldy, B.; Alsecz, A.; Falkenberg, G.; Baik, S.Y.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Comparison of sediment pollution in the rivers of the Hungarian Upper Tisza Region using non-destructive analytical techniques |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
123-136 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Wos |
000246087100006 |
Publication Date |
2007-02-23 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0584-8547; 1873-3565 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:63420 |
Serial |
7696 |
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Author |
Proost, K.; Vincze, L.; Janssens, K.; Gao, N.; Bulska, E.; Schreiner, M.; Falkenberg, G. |
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Title |
Characterization of a polycapillary lens for use in micro-XANES experiments |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
X-ray spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
X-Ray Spectrom |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
215-222 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Wos |
000183630400007 |
Publication Date |
2003-06-12 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0049-8246 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.298 |
Times cited |
50 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.298; 2003 IF: 1.227 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:41804 |
Serial |
5502 |
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Author |
Rossbach, L.M.; Brede, D.A.; Nuyts, G.; Cagno, S.; Olsson, R.M.S.; Oughton, D.H.; Falkenberg, G.; Janssens, K.; Lind, O.C. |
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Title |
Synchrotron XRF analysis identifies cerium accumulation colocalized with pharyngeal deformities in CeO₂ NP-exposed caenorhabditis elegans |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Environmental science and technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Sci Technol |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
5081-5089 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
A combination of synchrotron radiation-based elementalimaging, in vivo redox status analysis, histology, and toxic responses was usedto investigate the uptake, biodistribution, and adverse effects of Cenanoparticles (CeO2NP; 10 nm; 0.5-34.96 mg Ce L-1) or Ce(NO3)3(2.3-26 mg Ce L-1)inCaenorhabditis elegans. Elemental mapping of theexposed nematodes revealed Ce uptake in the alimentary canal prior todepuration. Retention of CeO2NPs was low compared to that of Ce(NO3)3in depurated individuals. X-rayfluorescence (XRF) mapping showed that Cetranslocation was confined to the pharyngeal valve and foregut. Ce(NO3)3exposure significantly decreased growth, fertility, and reproduction, causedslightly reduced fecundity. XRF mapping and histological analysis revealedsevere tissue deformities colocalized with retained Ce surrounding thepharyngeal valve. Both forms of Ce activated the sod-1 antioxidant defense,particularly in the pharynx, whereas no significant effects on the cellular redox balance were identified. The CeO2NP-induceddeformities did not appear to impair the pharyngeal function or feeding ability as growth effects were restricted to Ce(NO3)3exposure. The results demonstrate the utility of integrated submicron-resolution SR-based XRF elemental mapping of tissue-specificdistribution and adverse effect analysis to obtain robust toxicological evaluations of metal-containing contaminants. |
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Wos |
000793137500039 |
Publication Date |
2022-04-04 |
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ISSN |
0013-936x; 1520-5851 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
11.4 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 11.4 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:188662 |
Serial |
7216 |
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Author |
Schmid, R.; Wilke, M.; Ober, R.; Dong, S.; Janssens, K.; Falkenberg, G.; Franz, L.; Gaab, A. |
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Title |
Micro-XANES determination of ferric iron and its application in thermobarometry |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Lithos |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
70 |
Issue |
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Pages |
381-392 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Wos |
000186356500017 |
Publication Date |
2003-09-17 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:42916 |
Serial |
5718 |
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Author |
Terzano, R.; Denecke, M.A.; Falkenberg, G.; Miller, B.; Paterson, D.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Recent advances in analysis of trace elements in environmental samples by X-ray based techniques (IUPAC Technical Report) |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Pure and applied chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pure Appl Chem |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1029-1063 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Trace elements analysis is a fundamental challenge in environmental sciences. Scientists measure trace elements in environmental media in order to assess the quality and safety of ecosystems and to quantify the burden of anthropogenic pollution. Among the available analytical techniques, X-ray based methods are particularly powerful, as they can quantify trace elements in situ. Chemical extraction is not required, as is the case for many other analytical techniques. In the last few years, the potential for X-ray techniques to be applied in the environmental sciences has dramatically increased due to developments in laboratory instruments and synchrotron radiation facilities with improved sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this report, we summarize the principles of the X-ray based analytical techniques most frequently employed to study trace elements in environmental samples. We report on the most recent developments in laboratory and synchrotron techniques, as well as advances in instrumentation, with a special attention on X-ray sources, detectors, and optics. Lastly, we inform readers on recent applications of X-ray based analysis to different environmental matrices, such as soil, sediments, waters, wastes, living organisms, geological samples, and atmospheric particulate, and we report examples of sample preparation. |
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Wos |
000471262400011 |
Publication Date |
2019-05-21 |
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ISSN |
0033-4545 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.626 |
Times cited |
3 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This document was developed as a part of IUPAC, Funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.13039/100006987, Project #2016-019-2-600 “Trace elements analysis of environmental samples with X-rays: from synchrotron to lab and from lab to synchrotron” led by Roberto Terzano (Task Group Chair). Task Group Members for this project were: Melissa Anne Denecke, Gerald Falkenberg, Armin Gross, Koen Janssens, Bradley Miller, David Paterson, Ryan Tappero, Fang-Jie Zhao. Their contribution to the project is gratefully acknowledged. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.626 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:161369 |
Serial |
5803 |
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Author |
Terzano, R.; Spagnuolo, M.; Ruggiero, P.; Vekemans, B.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; Fiore, S.; Falkenberg, G. |
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Title |
Identification of the geochemical forms of CR, Zn, Ni, Pb, V, and Cu in an industrial polluted soil by combined μ-XRF/μ-XRD and μ-XANES |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
2008 |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:64594 |
Serial |
5651 |
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Terzano, R.; Spagnuolo, M.; Ruggiero, P.; Vekemans, B.; Scoonjans, T.; Vincze, L.; Janssens, K.; Tomasi, N.; Cesco, S.; Falkenberg, G. |
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Title |
Quantitative Fe determination inside tomato roots by confocal μ-XRF |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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2008 |
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Pages |
1513-1514 |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:74468 |
Serial |
5794 |
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Author |
Terzano, R.; Spagnuolo, M.; Vekemans, B.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; Falkenberg, G.; Fiore, S.; Ruggiero, P. |
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Title |
Assessing the origin and fate of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and V in an industrial polluted soil by combined micro-spectroscopic techniques and bulk extraction methods |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
2008 |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:74476 |
Serial |
5480 |
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Author |
Terzano, R.; Spagnuolo, M.; Vekemans, B.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; Falkenberg, G.; Ruggiero, P. |
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Title |
Assessing the origin and fate of CR, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ph, and V in industrial polluted soil by combined microspectroscopic techniques and bulk extraction methods |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Environmental science & technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
6762-6769 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Wos |
000249840600024 |
Publication Date |
2007-08-29 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
61 |
Open Access |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:66622 |
Serial |
5481 |
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Author |
van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; de Nolf, W.; Vanmeert, F.; Jaroszewicz, J.; Cotte, M.; Falkenberg, G.; Van der Loeff, L. |
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Title |
Combined use of synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray fluorescence, micro-X-ray diffraction, micro-X-ray absorption near-edge, and micro-fourier transform infrared spectroscopies for revealing an alternative degradation pathway of the pigment cadmium yellow in a painting by Van Gogh |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Chem |
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Volume |
84 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
10221-10228 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Over the past years a number of studies have described the instability of the pigment cadmium yellow (CdS). In a previous paper we have shown how cadmium sulfide on paintings by James Ensor oxidizes to CdSO4 center dot H2O. The degradation process gives rise to the fading of the bright yellow color and the formation of disfiguring white crystals that are present on the paint surface in approximately 50 mu m sized globular agglomerations. Here, we study cadmium yellow in the painting “Flowers in a blue vase” by Vincent van Gogh. This painting differs from the Ensor case in the fact that (a) a varnish was superimposed onto the degraded paint surface and (b) the CdS paint area is entirely covered with an opaque crust. The latter obscures the yellow color completely and thus presents a seemingly more advanced state of degradation. Analysis of a cross-sectioned and a crushed sample by combining scanning microscopic X-ray diffraction (mu-XRD), microscopic X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (mu-XANES), microscopic X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF) based chemical state mapping and scanning microscopic Fourier transform infrared (mu-FT-IR) spectrometry allowed unravelling the complex alteration pathway. Although no crystalline CdSO4 compounds were identified on the Van Gogh paint samples, we conclude that the observed degradation was initially caused by oxidation of the original CdS pigment, similar as for the previous Ensor case. However, due to the presence of an overlying varnish containing lead-based driers and oxalate ions, secondary reactions took place. In particular, it appears that upon the photoinduced oxidation of its sulfidic counterion, the Cd2+ ions reprecipitated at the paint/varnish interface after having formed a complex with oxalate ions that themselves are considered to be degradation products of the resin and/or oil in the varnish. The SO42- anions, for their part, found a suitable reaction partner in Pb2+ ions stemming from a dissolved lead-based siccative that was added to the varnish to promote its drying. The resulting opaque anglesite compound in the varnish, in combination with the underlying CdC2O4 layer at the paint/varnish interface, account for the orange-gray crust that is disfiguring the painting on a macroscopic level. In this way, the results presented in this paper demonstrate how, through a judicious combined use of several microanalytical methods with speciation capabilities, many new insights can be obtained from two minute, but highly complex and heterogeneous paint samples. |
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Wos |
000311815300013 |
Publication Date |
2012-08-30 |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-2700; 5206-882x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
6.32 |
Times cited |
59 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was supported by BELSPO via the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme (IUAP VI/16) and the S2-ART project (SD/RI/04A) and funded by Grants from the ESRF (EC-442) and PETRA-III (I-20120312 EC). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) project nos. G.0103.04, G.0689.06, and G.0704.08. The staff of the Kroller-Muller Museum and painting conservators Margje Leeuwestein and Esther Van Duijn are acknowledged for this pleasant cooperation and the authorization for the publication of the images in this article. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.32; 2012 IF: 5.695 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:105971 |
Serial |
5526 |
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Author |
Vincze, L.; Janssens, K.; Wei, F.; Proost, K.; Vekemans, B.; Vittiglio, G.; Yan, Y.; Falkenberg, G. |
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Title |
Trace-level micro-XANES by means of bending magnets radiation focused with a polycapillary lens |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:28440 |
Serial |
5880 |
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Author |
Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Brenker, F.E.; Falkenberg, G.; Rickers, K.; Somogyi, A.; Kersten, M.; Adams, F. |
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Title |
Three-dimensional trace element analysis by confocal X-ray microfluorescence imaging |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
6786-6791 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Wos |
000225076400034 |
Publication Date |
2004-11-12 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-2700; 5206-882x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:49817 |
Serial |
8669 |
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Author |
Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Szaloki, I.; Brenker, F.E.; Falkenberg, G.; Rickers, K.; Aerts, K.; Van Grieken, R.; Adams, F. |
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Title |
X-ray fluorescence microtomography and polycapillary based confocal imaging using synchrotron radiation |
Type |
P1 Proceeding |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
220-231
T2 - 4th Conference on Developments in X-R |
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Keywords |
P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Ibis work illustrates the development of X-ray fluorescence tomography and polycapillary based confocal imaging towards a three-dimensional (313), quantitative analytical method with lateral resolution levels down to the 2-20 mum scale. Detailed analytical characterization is given for polycapillary based confocal XRF imaging, which is a new variant of the 3D micro-XRF technique. Applications for 2D/3D micro-XR-F are illustrated for the analysis of biological (zooplankton) and geological samples (microscopic inclusions in natural diamonds and fluid inclusions in quartz). Based on confocal imaging, fully three-dimensional distributions of trace elements could be obtained, representing a significant generalization of the regular 2D scanning technique for micro-XRF spectroscopy. The experimental work described in this paper has been carried out at the ESRF ID18F microfluorescence end-station and at HASYLAB Beam Line L. |
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Wos |
000225665000023 |
Publication Date |
2004-11-02 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0-8194-5473-7 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:94812 |
Serial |
8767 |
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Author |
Vincze, L.; Wei, F.; Proost, K.; Vekemans, B.; Janssens, K.; He, Y.; Yan, Y.; Falkenberg, G. |
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Title |
Suitability of polycapillary optics for focusing of monochromatic synchrotron radiation as used in trace level micro-XANES measurements |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
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Pages |
177-182 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
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Thesis |
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Wos |
000174380800002 |
Publication Date |
2002-07-26 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
23 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2002 IF: 4.250 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:36669 |
Serial |
5855 |
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