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	Author	Ang, F.; Van Passel, S.; Mathijs, E.
	Title	An aggregate resource efficiency perspective on sustainability : a sustainable value application to the EU-15 countries			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Ecological Economics	Abbreviated Journal	Ecol Econ
	Volume	71	Issue		Pages	99-110
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics
	Abstract	The Sustainable Value approach integrates the efficiency with regard to environmental, social and economic resources into a monetary indicator. It gained significant popularity as evidenced by diverse applications at the corporate level. However, its introduction as a measure adhering to the strong sustainability paradigm sparked an ardent debate. This study explores its validity as a macroeconomic strong sustainability measure by applying the Sustainable Value approach to the EU-15 countries. Concretely, we assessed environmental, social and economic resources in combination with the GDP for all EU-15 countries from 1995 to 2006 for three benchmark alternatives. The results show that several countries manage to adequately delink resource use from GDP growth. Furthermore, the remarkable difference in outcome between the national and EU-15 benchmark indicates a possible inefficiency of the current allocation of national resource ceilings imposed by the European institutions. Additionally, by using an effects model we argue that the service degree of the economy and governmental expenditures on social protection and research and development are important determinants of overall resource efficiency. Finally, we sketch out three necessary conditions to link the Sustainable Value approach to the strong sustainability paradigm. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000297396700011	Publication Date	2011-09-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-8009; 1873-6106	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.965	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.965; 2011 IF: 2.713
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127560			Serial	6151
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	Author	Horemans, B.; Cardell, C.; Bencs, L.; Kontozova-Deutsch, V.; De Wael, K.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Evaluation of airborne particles at the Alhambra monument in Granada, Spain			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	99	Issue	2	Pages	429-438
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	As a part of an ongoing investigation regarding the air quality at the Alhambra monument (UNESCO World Cultural Heritage), indoor and outdoor atmospheric aerosols (PM1 and PM10-1) and pollutant gases (O3, NO2, SO2 and NH3) were studied during summer and winter. Bulk elements, ionic compounds and black carbon (BC) in aerosols were analyzed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, ion chromatography and aethalometry/reflectometry, respectively. Natural PM10-1 aerosols, such as carbonate-rich soil and sea salts, reacted with a typical urban atmosphere, producing a mixture of particulates with diverse chemical composition. The content/formation of secondary inorganic aerosols depended on the air temperature and absolute humidity. Ratios of typical mineral elements (i.e., Ti/Fe and Si/Fe) showed that Saharan dust events contribute to the composition of the observed mineral aerosol content. BC, V and Ni originated from diesel exhaust, while Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn came mainly from non-exhaust vehicular emissions. Weathering phenomena, such as blackening and pigment discoloration, which could arise from gradual aerosol deposition indoors, are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000295770700042	Publication Date	2011-06-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	39	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034; 2011 IF: 3.048
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:91720			Serial	5611
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	Author	Kontozova-Deutsch, V.; Deutsch, F.; Godoi, R.H.M.; Van Grieken, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Urban air pollutants and their micro effects on medieval stained glass windows			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	99	Issue	2	Pages	508-513
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Levels of urban gaseous and particulate pollutants were investigated in the Cathedral of Cologne, Germany in the framework of the EU-project VIDRIO. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a protective double glazing system on the preservation of ancient stained glass windows by sampling at protected and unprotected windows (indoors, in the interspace and outdoor of the Cathedral). The interspace between the ancient stained glass window and the protective glazing is flushed in the Cathedral by indoor air, hence isolating the historic glass from the outdoor air and exposing it to indoor air on both sides of the glass panels. Concentrations of aggressive gaseous pollutants such as NO2, SO2, O3 and CO2 as well as elemental concentrations of bulk particles and relative abundances of single particles were surveyed at all sampling locations. Elemental concentrations in bulk particulate matter were found to be significantly lower inside the Cathedral in comparison to the outdoor air. This result is advantageous for the stained glass windows. Single particle analysis of the samples from Cologne showed also soil dust and organic particles as well as sulphates and nitrates, from which the latter two compounds are dangerous for the stained glass windows. On the base of the obtained results, it can be concluded that the protective glazing system in the Cathedral of Cologne can be considered as predominantly advantageous from both the gases' point of view (except for NO2-candles burning) and from the particles' point of view.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000295770700053	Publication Date	2011-07-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the European Commission through the “VIDRIO-project”, contract no. EVK4-CT-2001-00045. Financial support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the assistance and advice during the experimental work given by the Dombauhutte team in Cologne, especially by Dr. Ulrike Brinkman and Gunter Hettinger. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034; 2011 IF: 3.048
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:91078			Serial	5889
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	Author	Katti, G.; Stucchi, M.; Velenis, D.; Sorée, B.; de Meyer, K.; Dehaene, W.
	Title	Temperature-dependent modeling and characterization of through-silicon via capacitance			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	IEEE electron device letters	Abbreviated Journal	Ieee Electr Device L
	Volume	32	Issue	4	Pages	563-565
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	A semianalytical model of the through-silicon via (TSV) capacitance for elevated operating temperatures is derived and verified with electrical measurements. The effect of temperature on the increase in TSV capacitance over different technology parameters is explored, and it is shown that higher oxide thickness reduces the impact of temperature rise on TSV capacitance, while with low doped substrates, which are instrumental for reducing the TSV capacitance, the sensitivity of TSV capacitance to temperature is large and cannot be ignored.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000288664800045	Publication Date	2011-03-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0741-3106;1558-0563;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.048	Times cited	27	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.048; 2011 IF: 2.849
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89402			Serial	3498
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	Author	De Backer, L.; Vos, W.; Dieriks, B.; Daems, D.; Verhulst, S.; Vinchurkar, S.; Ides, K.; de Backer, J.; Germonpré, P.; de Backer, W.
	Title	The effects of long-term noninvasive ventilation in hypercapnic COPD patients : a randomized controlled pilot study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Chronic Obstr
	Volume	6	Issue		Pages	615-624
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract	Introduction: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a well-established treatment for acute-on-chronic respiratory failure in hypercapnic COPD patients. Less is known about the effects of a long-term treatment with NIV in hypercapnic COPD patients and about the factors that may predict response in terms of improved oxygenation and lowered CO2 retention.Methods: In this study, we randomized 15 patients to a routine pharmacological treatment (n = 5, age 66 [standard deviation ± 6] years, FEV1 30.5 [±5.1] %pred, PaO2 65 [±6] mmHg, PaCO2 52.4 [±6.0] mmHg) or to a routine treatment and NIV (using the Synchrony BiPAP device [Respironics, Inc, Murrsville, PA]) (n = 10, age 65 [±7] years, FEV1 29.5 [±9.0] %pred, PaO2 59 [±13] mmHg, PaCO2 55.4 [±7.7] mmHg) for 6 months. We looked at arterial blood gasses, lung function parameters and performed a low-dose computed tomography of the thorax, which was later used for segmentation (providing lobe and airway volumes, iVlobe and iVaw) and post-processing with computer methods (providing airway resistance, iRaw) giving overall a functional image of the separate airways and lobes.Results: In both groups there was a nonsignificant change in FEV1 (NIV group 29.5 [9.0] to 38.5 [14.6] %pred, control group 30.5 [5.1] to 36.8 [8.7] mmHg). PaCO2 dropped significantly only in the NIV group (NIV: 55.4 [7.7] → 44.5 [4.70], P = 0.0076; control: 52.4 [6.0] → 47.6 [8.2], NS). Patients actively treated with NIV developed a more inhomogeneous redistribution of mass flow than control patients. Subsequent analysis indicated that in NIV-treated patients that improve their blood gases, mass flow was also redistributed towards areas with higher vessel density and less emphysema, indicating that flow was redistributed towards areas with better perfusion. There was a highly significant correlation between the % increase in mass flow towards lobes with a blood vessel density of >9% and the increase in PaO2. Improved ventilation–perfusion match and recruitment of previously occluded small airways can explain the improvement in blood gases.Conclusion: We can conclude that in hypercapnic COPD patients treated with long-term NIV over 6 months, a mass flow redistribution occurs, providing a better ventilation–perfusion match and hence better blood gases and lung function. Control patients improve homogeneously in iVaw and iRaw, without improvement in gas exchange since there is no improved ventilation/perfusion ratio or increased alveolar ventilation. These differences in response can be detected through functional imaging, which gives a more detailed report on regional lung volumes and resistances than classical lung function tests do. Possibly only patients with localized small airway disease are good candidates for long-term NIV treatment. To confirm this and to see if better arterial blood gases also lead to better health related quality of life and longer survival, we have to study a larger population.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000208709800066	Publication Date	2011-11-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1178-2005;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.157	Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.157; 2011 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93164			Serial	866
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	Author	De Backer, L.A.; Vos, W.G.; Salgado, R.; de Backer, J.W.; Devolder, A.; Verhulst, S.L.; Claes, R.; Germonpré, P.R.; de Backer, W.A.
	Title	Functional imaging using computer methods to compare the effect of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in patient-specific airway models of COPD			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Chronic Obstr
	Volume	6	Issue		Pages	637-646
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Vision lab; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract	Background: Salbutamol and ipratropium bromide improve lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their bronchodilating effect has not yet been compared in the central and distal airways. Functional imaging using computational fluid dynamics offers the possibility of making such a comparison. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on the geometry and computational fluid dynamics-based resistance of the central and distal airways.Methods: Five patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stage III COPD were randomized to a single dose of salbutamol or ipratropium bromide in a crossover manner with a 1-week interval between treatments. Patients underwent lung function testing and a multislice computed tomography scan of the thorax that was used for functional imaging. Two hours after dosing, the patients again underwent lung function tests and repeat computed tomography.Results: Lung function parameters, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second, vital capacity, overall airway resistance, and specific airway resistance, changed significantly after administration of each product. On functional imaging, the bronchodilating effect was greater in the distal airways, with a corresponding drop in airway resistance, compared with the central airways. Salbutamol and ipratropium bromide were equally effective at first glance when looking at lung function tests, but when viewed in more detail with functional imaging, hyporesponsiveness could be shown for salbutamol in one patient. Salbutamol was more effective in the other patients.Conclusion: This pilot study gives an innovative insight into the modes of action of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in patients with COPD, using the new techniques of functional imaging and computational fluid dynamics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000208709800068	Publication Date	2011-11-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1178-2005;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.157	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.157; 2011 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93165			Serial	1300
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	Author	Verberck, B.
	Title	Symmetry-adapted rotator functions for molecules in cylindrical confinement			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	International journal of molecular sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Mol Sci
	Volume	12	Issue	1	Pages	317-333
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	We present a general description of the formalism of symmetry-adapted rotator functions (SARFs) for molecules in cylindrical confinement. Molecules are considered as clusters of interaction centers (ICs), can have any symmetry, and can display different types of ICs. Cylindrical confinement can be realized by encapsulation in a carbon nanotube (CNT). The potential energy of a molecule surrounded by a CNT can be calculated by evaluating a limited number of terms of an expansion into SARFs, which offers a significant reduction of the computation time. Optimal molecular orientations can be deduced from the resulting potential energy landscape. Examples, including the case of a molecule with cubic symmetry inside a CNT, are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000286583400017	Publication Date	2011-01-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1422-0067;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.226	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.226; 2011 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88048			Serial	3402
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	Author	Lindner, H.; Loper, K.H.; Hahn, D.W.; Niemax, K.
	Title	The influence of laser-particle interaction in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	66	Issue	2	Pages	179-185
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Particles produced by previous laser shots may have significant influence on the analytical signal in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma (LA-ICP) spectrometry if they remain close to the position of laser sampling. The effects of these particles on the laser-induced breakdown event are demonstrated in several ways. LIBS-experiments were conducted in an ablation cell at atmospheric conditions in argon or air applying a dual-pulse arrangement with orthogonal pre-pulse, i.e., plasma breakdown in a gas generated by a focussed laser beam parallel and close to the sample surface followed by a delayed crossing laser pulse in orthogonal direction which actually ablates material from the sample and produces the LIBS plasma. The optical emission of the LIBS plasma as well as the absorption of the pre-pulse laser was measured. In the presence of particles in the focus of the pre-pulse laser, the plasma breakdown is affected and more energy of the pre-pulse laser is absorbed than without particles. As a result, the analyte line emission from the LIBS plasma of the second laser is enhanced. It is assumed that the enhancement is not only due to an increase of mass ablated by the second laser but also to better atomization and excitation conditions favored by a reduced gas density in the pre-pulse plasma. Higher laser pulse frequencies increase the probability of particle-laser interaction and, therefore, reduce the shot-to-shot line intensity variation as compared to lower particle loadings in the cell. Additional experiments using an aerosol chamber were performed to further quantify the laser absorption by the plasma in dependence on time both with and without the presence of particles. The overall implication of laser-particle interactions for LIBS and LA-ICP-MS/OES are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000289328900012	Publication Date	2011-01-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2011 IF: 2.876
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89008			Serial	1627
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	Author	Lindner, H.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Multi-element model for the simulation of inductively coupled plasmas : effects of helium addition to the central gas stream			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	66	Issue	6	Pages	421-431
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	A model for an atmospheric pressure inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is developed which allows rather easy extension to a variable number of species and ionisation degrees. This encompasses an easy calculation of transport parameters for mixtures, ionisation and heat capacity. The ICP is modeled in an axisymmetric geometry, taking into account the gas streaming into a flowing ambient gas. A mixture of argon and helium is applied in the injector gas stream as it is often done in laser ablation ICP spectrometry. The results show a strong influence of the added helium on the center of the ICP, which is important for chemical analysis. The length of the central channel is significantly increased and the temperature inside is significantly higher than in the case of pure argon. This means that higher gas volume flow rates can be applied by addition of helium compared to the use of pure argon. This has the advantage that the gas velocity in the transport system towards the ICP can be increased, which allows shorter washout-times. Consequently, shorter measurement times can be achieved, e.g. for spatial mapping analyses in laser ablation ICP spectrometry. Furthermore, the higher temperature and the longer effective plasma length will increase the maximum size of droplets or particles injected into the ICP that are completely evaporated at the detection site. Thus, we expect an increase of the analytical performance of the ICP by helium addition to the injector gas.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000293488700003	Publication Date	2011-04-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2011 IF: 2.876
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:90190			Serial	2209
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	Author	Bultinck, E.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Characterization of an Ar/O₂ magnetron plasma by a multi-species Monte Carlo model			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	20	Issue	4	Pages	045013-045013,12
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	A combined Monte Carlo (MC)/analytical surface model is developed to study the plasma processes occurring during the reactive sputter deposition of TiOx thin films. This model describes the important plasma species with a MC approach (i.e. electrons, Ar+ ions, {\rm O}_2
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000295829800015	Publication Date	2011-06-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252;1361-6595;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302; 2011 IF: 2.521
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89732			Serial	316
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	Author	Tinck, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Computer simulations of an oxygen inductively coupled plasma used for plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	20	Issue	1	Pages	015008-015008,10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In this paper, an O2 inductively coupled plasma used for plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 thin films is investigated by means of modeling. This work intends to provide more information about basic plasma properties such as species densities and species fluxes to the substrate as a function of power and pressure, which might be hard to measure experimentally. For this purpose, a hybrid model developed by Kushner et al is applied to calculate the plasma characteristics in the reactor volume for different chamber pressures ranging from 1 to 10 mTorr and different coil powers ranging from 50 to 500 W. Density profiles of the various oxygen containing plasma species are reported as well as fluxes to the substrate under various operating conditions. Furthermore, different orientations of the substrate, which can be placed vertically or horizontally in the reactor, are taken into account. In addition, special attention is paid to the recombination process of atomic oxygen on the different reactor walls under the stated operating conditions. From this work it can be concluded that the plasma properties change significantly in different locations of the reactor. The plasma density near the cylindrical coil is high, while it is almost negligible in the neighborhood of the substrate. Ion and excited species fluxes to the substrate are found to be very low and negligible. Finally, the orientation of the substrate has a minor effect on the flux of O2, while it has a significant effect on the flux of O. In the horizontal configuration, the flux of atomic oxygen can be up to one order of magnitude lower than in the vertical configuration.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000286592200009	Publication Date	2011-01-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252;1361-6595;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	11	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302; 2011 IF: 2.521
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:85285			Serial	467
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	Author	De Bie, C.; Martens, T.; van Dijk, J.; Paulussen, S.; Verheyde, B.; Corthals, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Dielectric barrier discharges used for the conversion of greenhouse gases: modeling the plasma chemistry by fluid simulations			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	20	Issue	2	Pages	024008,1-024008,11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The conversion of methane to value-added chemicals and fuels is considered to be one of the challenges of the 21st century. In this paper we study, by means of fluid modeling, the conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates by partial oxidation with CO2 or O2 in a dielectric barrier discharge. Sixty-nine different plasma species (electrons, ions, molecules, radicals) are included in the model, as well as a comprehensive set of chemical reactions. The calculation results presented in this paper include the conversion of the reactants and the yields of the reaction products as a function of residence time in the reactor, for different gas mixing ratios. Syngas (i.e. H2 + CO) and higher hydrocarbons (C2Hx) are typically found to be important reaction products.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000290719900009	Publication Date	2011-04-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252;1361-6595;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302; 2011 IF: 2.521
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87868			Serial	689
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	Author	Tinck, S.; Boullart, W.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Modeling Cl₂/O₂/Ar inductively coupled plasmas used for silicon etching : effects of SiO₂ chamber wall coating			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	20	Issue	4	Pages	045012-045012,19
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In this paper, simulations are performed to gain a better insight into the properties of a Cl2/Ar plasma, with and without O2, during plasma etching of Si. Both plasma and surface properties are calculated in a self-consistent manner. Special attention is paid to the behavior of etch products coming from the wafer or the walls, and how the chamber walls can affect the plasma and the resulting etch process. Two modeling cases are considered. In the first case, the reactor walls are defined as clean (Al2O3), whereas in the second case a SiO2 coating is introduced on the reactor walls before the etching process, so that oxygen will be sputtered from the walls and introduced into the plasma. For this reason, a detailed reaction set is presented for a Cl2/O2/Ar plasma containing etched species, as well as an extensive reaction set for surface processes, including physical and chemical sputtering, chemical etching and deposition processes. Density and flux profiles of various species are presented for a better understanding of the bulk plasma during the etching process. Detailed information is also given on the composition of the surfaces at various locations of the reactor, on the etch products in the plasma and on the surface loss probabilities of the plasma species at the walls, with different compositions. It is found that in the clean chamber, walls are mostly chlorinated (Al2Cl3), with a thin layer of etch products residing on the wall. In the coated chamber, an oxy-chloride layer is grown on the walls for a few nanometers during the etching process. The Cl atom wall loss probability is found to decrease significantly in the coated chamber, hence increasing the etch rate. SiCl2, SiCl4 and SiCl3 are found to be the main etch products in the plasma, with the fraction of SiCl2 being always slightly higher. The simulation results compare well with experimental data available from the literature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000295829800014	Publication Date	2011-06-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252;1361-6595;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302; 2011 IF: 2.521
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:91045			Serial	2141
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	Author	Shestakov, M.V.; Tikhomirov, V.K.; Kirilenko, D.; Kuznetsov, A.S.; Chibotaru, L.F.; Baranov, A.N.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Moshchalkov, V.V.
	Title	Quantum cutting in Li (770 nm) and Yb (1000 nm) co-dopant emission bands by energy transfer from the ZnO nano-crystalline host			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Optics express	Abbreviated Journal	Opt Express
	Volume	19	Issue	17	Pages	15955-15964
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Li-Yb co-doped nano-crystalline ZnO has been synthesized by a method of thermal growth from the salt mixtures. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy confirm the doping and indicate that the dopants may form Li-Li and Yb3+-Li based nanoclusters. When pumped into the conduction and exciton absorption bands of ZnO between 250 to 425 nm, broad emission bands of about 100 nm half-height-width are excited around 770 and 1000 nm, due to Li and Yb dopants, respectively. These emission bands are activated by energy transfer from the ZnO host mostly by quantum cutting processes, which generate pairs of quanta in Li (770 nm) and Yb (1000 nm) emission bands, respectively, out of one quantum absorbed by the ZnO host. These quantum cutting phenomena have great potential for application in the down-conversion layers coupled to the Si solar cells.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000293894900033	Publication Date	2011-08-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1094-4087;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.307	Times cited	19	Open Access
	Notes	FWO; Methusalem			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.307; 2011 IF: 3.587
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:92428			Serial	2776
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	Author	Khaydarov, R.T.; Beisinbaeva, H.B.; Sabitov, M.M.; Kalal, M.; Berdiyorov, G.R.
	Title	Effect of light gas atom inclusions on the characteristics of laser-produced plasma ions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Nuclear fusion	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl Fusion
	Volume	51	Issue	10	Pages	103041,1-103041,3
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Using the mass-spectrometric method we studied the effect of light gas inclusions on the formation process of multi-component laser-induced plasma ions. Masscharge characteristics, as well as energy and spatial distribution of the plasma ions are analysed. We found that both the energy and maximal charge of heavy component ions decrease due to the presence of gas atoms in the solid target surface layer.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Vienna	Editor
	Language		Wos	000296603800043	Publication Date	2011-09-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0029-5515;1741-4326;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.307	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.307; 2011 IF: 4.090
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93761			Serial	821
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	Author	Huyskens, C.; Lenaerts, S.; Brauns, E.; Diels, L.; de Wever, H.
	Title	Study of (ir)reversible fouling in MBRs under various operating conditions using new on-line fouling sensor			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Separation and purification technology	Abbreviated Journal	Sep Purif Technol
	Volume	81	Issue	2	Pages	208-215
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	In this study, a new fouling sensor was validated under different conditions of hydraulic (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT). The MBR-VFM (membrane bioreactor-VITO Fouling Measurement) allows the simultaneous determination of the physically reversible and irreversible fouling potential of a mixed liquor during a single crossflow filtration test. In accordance with the on-line filtration behavior, the measured reversible and irreversible fouling propensities differed significantly between MBRs operated at different combinations of HRT-SRT. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between the on-line permeability and the reversible and irreversible fouling propensity measured by the MBR-VFM. This corresponded to observations made on membrane recovery after physical or chemical cleaning actions. Higher reversible and irreversible fouling were observed at lower HRT, presumably as a consequence of increased concentrations of foulants present. The effect of SRT was much smaller and restricted to the reversible fouling component. Possible explanations for the increased fouling at prolonged SRT are the higher sludge and colloid concentration and the smaller floc size. It can be concluded that the MBR-VFM is a useful tool to monitor fluctuations in a mixed liquors (ir)reversible fouling potential and can contribute to a deeper understanding of the occurring fouling phenomena.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000296108500012	Publication Date	2011-08-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1383-5866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.359	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.359; 2011 IF: 2.921
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93410			Serial	5992
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	Author	Simon, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Vibrational level population of nitrogen impurities in low-pressure argon glow discharges			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	4	Pages	804-810
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The vibrational level populations of the electronic ground state of the nitrogen molecule have been calculated for typical glow discharge conditions in argonnitrogen mixtures with nitrogen concentrations between 0.1 and 1%. Stationary solutions of the master equations of the vibrational levels have been obtained using numerical methods. The main mechanisms responsible for the population and depopulation of the vibrational levels, and for the overall shape of the vibrational distribution function are pointed out. It has been found that vibrationvibration collisions play only a minor role and therefore the population of the vibrational levels is basically determined by the electron temperature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000288703300012	Publication Date	2010-12-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477;1364-5544;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87530			Serial	3842
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	Author	Rouchon, V.; Pellizzi, E.; Duranton, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Combining XANES, ICP-AES, and SEM/EDS for the study of phytate chelating treatments used on iron gall ink damaged manuscripts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	12	Pages	2434-2441
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Many historical documents written with iron gall inks are endangered by the corrosive effects of these inks. In this work, a combination of complementary analytical methods was used for the first time in order to study the phytate process which is used in conservation studios to stabilize damaged manuscripts. This process consists of an antioxidant treatment performed by means of a calcium phytate (CP) solution, followed by a deacidification treatment performed with a calcium carbonate (CC) solution. The antioxidant treatment capitalizes on the properties of myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid (phytic acid) that inhibits iron through chelation. In order to use relatively low acidic solutions, the pH of the CP solution is increased up to values between 5 and 6, which is in the range of the CP precipitation threshold. This study was performed on laboratory samples made of paper impregnated with iron gall ink and artificially aged in climatic chambers. It aims to investigate how the CP precipitate impacts the efficiency of the treatment. Side effects, such as elemental losses and deposits, were measured by means of several analytical techniques (FeK Edge XANES, SEM/EDS, and ICP-AES). These measurements were crosschecked with a ready to use colour spot test made of bathophenanthroline impregnated paper. It appeared that the CP treatment should necessarily be followed by the deacidification treatment in order to achieve long term stability. The precipitation of CP in the treating solution does finally not impact the efficiency of the treatment despite the fact that it should theoretically lower the availability of phytate to chelate iron. A scenario is proposed to explain this point.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000297030400008	Publication Date	2011-10-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was funded by SOLEIL (proposals 20060396 and 20080761) and was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. We are thankful to the paper conservator students of the Institut National du Patrimoine who were involved in some of the sample preparations, and to Dr Dominique Thiaudiere and Dr Solenn Reguer for their assistance and help during the experiments performed at SOLEIL beamline “DIFFABS”. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93845			Serial	5527
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	Author	Cagno, S.; Nuyts, G.; Bugani, S.; De Vis, K.; Schalm, O.; Caen, J.; Helfen, L.; Cotte, M.; Reischig, P.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Evaluation of manganese-bodies removal in historical stained glass windows via SR-\mu-XANES/XRF and SR-\mu-CT			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	12	Pages	2442-2451
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The speed and effectiveness of a conservation treatment used for stained glass windows have been investigated. Dark-coloured Mn-rich stains can be found in the alteration layer of ancient glass artefacts and cause the surface to turn brown/black: this phenomenon is known as Mn-browning or Mn-staining. While in glass manganese is present in the +II or +III oxidation states, in the Mn-rich bodies, manganese is in a higher oxidation state (+IV). In restoration practice, mildly reducing solutions are employed to eliminate the dark colour and restore the clear appearance of the glass. In this paper the effectiveness and side effects of the use of hydroxylamine hydrochloride for this purpose are assessed. Archaeological fragments of stained glass windows, dated to the 14th century and originating from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge (UK), were examined by means of synchrotron radiation (SR) based microscopic X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (μ-XANES) and microscopic X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-XRF) and with high resolution computed absorption tomography (μ-CT) before, during and after the treatment. The monitoring of the glass fragments during the treatment allows us to better understand the manner in which the process unfolds and its kinetics. The results obtained reveal that the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment is effective, but also that it has a number of unwanted side effects. These findings are useful for optimizing the time and other modalities of the Mn-reducing treatment as well as minimizing its unwanted results.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000297030400009	Publication Date	2011-10-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. Special thanks to Ms Leonie Seliger, head of the stained-glass conservation studio (The Cathedral Studios-The Chapter of Canterbury Cathedral) for the supply of the archaeological samples. The authors gratefully acknowledge ESRF for granting beamtime (proposal EC-602). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93848			Serial	5613
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	Author	de Nolf, W.; Dik, J.; van der Snickt, G.; Wallert, A.; Janssens, K.
	Title	High energy X-ray powder diffraction for the imaging of (hidden) paintings			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	5	Pages	910-916
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Over the past few years a number of innovative imaging techniques have been introduced for the visualization of hidden paint layers in Old Master Paintings. These include X-ray fluorescence scanning, TeraHertz imaging, optical coherence tomography and other acoustics-based forms of visualization. All of these techniques are usually a trade-off between their penetrative capability on the one side and their analytical precision in terms of spatial resolution and material identification on the other. Here, we present the first-time use of High-Energy X-ray Powder Diffraction imaging (HE-XRPD) in the study of hidden layers in paintings. As an imaging tool, it combines high-depth sensitivity with fingerprint identification of most inorganic painting materials. The potential as well as some limitations of this technique are demonstrated using model paintings as well as an authentic 16th century painting.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000289731900005	Publication Date	2011-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	34	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:89922			Serial	5640
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	Author	van der Snickt, G.; Miliani, C.; Janssens, K.; Brunetti, B.G.; Romani, A.; Rosi, F.; Walter, P.; Castaing, J.; de Nolf, W.; Klaassen, L.; Labarque, I.; Wittermann, R.
	Title	Material analyses of “Christ with singing and music-making Angels”, a late 15th-C panel painting attributed to Hans Memling and assistants : part 1 : non-invasive in situ investigations			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	11	Pages	2216-2229
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In cultural heritage science, compositional data is traditionally obtained from works of art through the analysis of samples by means of various bench-top instruments (scanning electron microscope, Raman spectrometer, etc.). Alternatively, the object can be transported to a laboratory where it may be examined, usually by spectroscopic methods working in reflection mode. However, this paper describes how a complementary set of mobile and portable instruments was deployed in situ to gain a comprehensive view on the materials and related ageing compounds of an (almost) unmovable 15th-C polyptych, prior to and in preparation of the extraction of a limited number of samples. In line with the methodological approach discussed, PXRF was first employed as an efficient screening tool. The ensuing elemental data was supplemented by more specific information on both organic as inorganic materials supplied by reflection near- and mid-FTIR spectroscopy and fluorimetry. In completion, a limited number of diffraction patterns were collected with a mobile XRD instrument in order to identify the constituent crystalline phases in pigments, grounding materials and degradation products. In this way, it could be demonstrated how a rich array of colours was obtained by means of a limited palette of pigments: lead white, lead tin yellow, azurite, natural ultramarine, bone black, vermillion, madder lake, and a green copper-organo complex were detected and situated on the panels. Remarkably, next to chalk also gypsum was found in the ground layer(s) of this Western European easel painting. The relatively large surface of the background was covered with gold leaf; the analyses seem to point towards the labour-intensive water gilding technique. The versatility of this combination of analytical techniques was further illustrated by the accurate characterisation of degradation products affecting the readability and conservation of the painting: the overall presence of a calcium oxalate-based film of variable thickness was established. Nevertheless, further analysis of cross-sectioned samples was considered desirable in order to study the stratigraphy, to gain direct access to altered and sub-imposed layers and to allow highly detailed analysis of micrometric degradation products by state-of-the art techniques (i.e. synchrotron radiation).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000296021800010	Publication Date	2011-09-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	32	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0103.04, G.0689.06 and G.0704.08. The staff of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp is acknowledged for this pleasant cooperation and the authorisation for the publication of the images in this article. Therefore, a word of gratitude to Paul Huvenne, Yolande Deckers, Stef Antonissen and Gwen Borms. In addition, the authors would like to thank the MOLAB's team operators Chiari Anselmi and Federica Presciutti. MOLAB analyses have been carried out through the support of the EU within the 6th Framework Programme (Contract Eu-ARTECH, RII3-CT-2004-506171). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93680			Serial	5705
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	Author	Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; de Nolf, W.; van der Snickt, G.
	Title	Optimization of mobile scanning macro-XRF systems for the in situ investigation of historical paintings			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	5	Pages	899-909
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Elemental distribution maps are of great interest in the study of historical paintings, as they allow to investigate the pigment use of the artist, to image changes made in the painting during or after its creation and in some cases to reveal discarded paintings that were later over painted. Yet a method that allows to record such maps of a broad range of elements in a fast, non-destructive and in situ manner is not yet commonly available; a dedicated mobile scanning XRF instrument might fill this gap. In this paper we present three self-built scanning macro-XRF instruments, each based on the experience gained with its precursor. These instruments are compared in terms of sensitivity and limits of detection, which includes a discussion of the use of polycapillary optics and pinhole collimators as beam defining devices. Furthermore, the imaging capabilities of the instruments are demonstrated in three exemplary cases: (parts of) historical paintings from the 15th to the 19th century are examined. These cases illustrate the value of element specific distribution maps in the study of historical paintings and allow in the case of Vincent van Gogh's Patch of Grass a direct comparison between in situ and synchrotron based scanning macro-XRF.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000289731900004	Publication Date	2011-03-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	107	Open Access
	Notes	; The investigation of the “Triptych of the Seven Sacraments'' was done in collaboration with Griet Steyaert, independent restorer, and Lizet Klaassen, Royal Museum of Fine Arts (Antwerp, Belgium). The investigation of ”Patch of Grass'' was realized in collaboration with Luuk van der Loeff, Kroller-Muller-Museum (Otterlo, The Netherlands). M. Alfeld is a PhD fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16) NACHO. The text also presents results of GOA "XANES meets ELNES'' (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0103.04, G.0689.06 and G.0704.08. Further, the work presented was sponsored by the Innovational Research Incentives Scheme of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO (proj. no. 016.118.303). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:89919			Serial	5758
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	Author	Janssens, K.
	Title	Synchrotron radiation in art and archaeology			Type	Editorial
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	5	Pages	883-884
	Keywords	Editorial; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000289731900001	Publication Date	2011-04-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:89918			Serial	5864
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	Author	Radepont, M.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Coquinot, Y.; Klaassen, L.; Cotte, M.
	Title	The use of microscopic X-ray diffraction for the study of HgS and its degradation products corderoite (\alpha-Hg₃S₂Cl₂), kenhsuite (\gamma-Hg₃S₂Cl₂) and calomel (Hg₂Cl₂) in historical paintings			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue	5	Pages	959-968
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Since antiquity, the red pigment mercury sulfide (α-HgS), called cinnabar in its natural form or vermilion red when synthetic, was very often used in frescoes and paintings, even if it was known to suffer occasionally from degradation. The paint hereby acquires a black or silver-grey aspect. The chemical characterization of these alteration products is rather challenging mainly because of the micrometric size and heterogeneity of the surface layers that develop and that are responsible for the color change. Methods such as electron microscopy, synchrotron-based microscopic X-ray fluorescence, microscopic X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, Raman microscopy and secondary ion microscopy have been previously employed to identify the (Hg- and S-) compounds present and to study their co-localization. Next to these, also microscopic X-ray diffraction (XRD) (either by making use of laboratory X-ray sources or when used at a synchrotron facility) allows the identification of the crystal phases that are present in degraded HgS paint layers. In this paper we employ these various forms of micro-XRD to analyze degraded red paint in different paintings and compare the results with other X-ray based methods. Whereas the elemental analyses of the degradation products revealed, next to mercury and sulfur, the presence of chlorine, X-ray diffraction allowed the identification, next to α-HgS, of the Hg and S-containing compound calomel (Hg2Cl2) but also of the Hg, S and Cl-containing minerals corderoite (α-Hg3S2Cl2) and kenhsuite (γ-Hg3S2Cl2). These observations are consistent with X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements performed at the S- and Cl-edges.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000289731900011	Publication Date	2011-03-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	40	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors gratefully acknowledge GOA programme “XANES meets EELS'' (University of Antwerp Research Council), the IUAP VI/P16 programme ”Nacho'' (BELSPO, Brussels, Belgium) and FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0689.06, G.0704.08 and G017909N for financial support, the ESRF for granting beamtime under proposals no. EC442 and EC720, and Gema Martinez-Criado for practical help on ID18F. The KMSKA staff is also gratefully acknowledged for their help and interest. Javier Chillida is thanked for providing us with the Pedralbes samples. The authors are also indebted to the CHARISMA project (grant agreement 228330) for financial support. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:89927			Serial	5896
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	Author	Verbeeck, J.; Schattschneider, P.; Lazar, S.; Stöger-Pollach, M.; Löffler, S.; Steiger-Thirsfeld, A.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Atomic scale electron vortices for nanoresearch			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	99	Issue	20	Pages	203109-203109,3
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Electron vortex beams were only recently discovered and their potential as a probe for magnetism in materials was shown. Here we demonstrate a method to produce electron vortex beams with a diameter of less than 1.2 Å. This unique way to prepare free electrons to a state resembling atomic orbitals is fascinating from a fundamental physics point of view and opens the road for magnetic mapping with atomic resolution in an electron microscope.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000297786500058	Publication Date	2011-11-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	90	Open Access
	Notes	Hercules			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2011 IF: 3.844
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93625UA @ admin @ c:irua:93625			Serial	184
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	Author	Houssa, M.; Scalise, E.; Sankaran, K.; Pourtois, G.; Afanas'ev, V.V.; Stesmans, A.
	Title	Electronic properties of hydrogenated silicene and germanene			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	98	Issue	22	Pages	223107
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The electronic properties of hydrogenated silicene and germanene, so called silicane and germanane, respectively, are investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Two different atomic configurations are found to be stable and energetically degenerate. Upon the adsorption of hydrogen, an energy gap opens in silicene and germanene. Their energy gaps are next computed using the HSE hybrid functional as well as the G(0)W(0) many-body perturbation method. These materials are found to be wide band-gap semiconductors, the type of gap in silicane (direct or indirect) depending on its atomic configuration. Germanane is predicted to be a direct-gap material, independent of its atomic configuration, with an average energy gap of about 3.2 eV, this material thus being potentially interesting for optoelectronic applications in the blue/violet spectral range. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3595682]
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000291405700057	Publication Date	2011-06-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	63	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2011 IF: 3.844
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105586			Serial	1003
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	Author	Yusupov, M.; Bultinck, E.; Depla, D.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Elucidating the asymmetric behavior of the discharge in a dual magnetron sputter deposition system			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	98	Issue	13	Pages	131502-131502,3
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	A magnetron discharge is characterized by drifts of the charged particles guiding center, caused by the magnetic field, in contrast to unmagnetized discharges. Because of these drifts, a pronounced asymmetry of the discharge can be observed in a dual magnetron setup. In this work, it is found that the shape of the discharge in a dual magnetron configuration depends on the magnetic field configuration. In a closed configuration, strong drifts were observed in one preferential direction, whereas in a mirror configuration the deflection of the discharge was not so pronounced. Our calculations confirm experimental observations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000289153600017	Publication Date	2011-04-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2011 IF: 3.844
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87867			Serial	1026
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	Author	Vandenberghe, W.G.; Sorée, B.; Magnus, W.; Groeseneken, G.; Fischetti, M.V.
	Title	Impact of field-induced quantum confinement in tunneling field-effect devices			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	98	Issue	14	Pages	143503,1-143503,3
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Being the working principle of a tunnel field-effect transistor, band-to-band tunneling is given a rigorous quantum mechanical treatment to incorporate confinement effects, multiple electron and hole valleys, and interactions with phonons. The model reveals that the strong band bending near the gate dielectric, required to create short tunnel paths, results in quantization of the energy bands. Comparison with semiclassical models reveals a big shift in the onset of tunneling. The effective mass difference of the distinct valleys is found to reduce the subthreshold swing steepness.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000289297800074	Publication Date	2011-04-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	76	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge Anne Verhulst for useful discussions. William Vandenberghe gratefully acknowledges the support of a Ph.D. stipend from the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen). This work was supported by IMEC's Industrial Affiliation Program. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2011 IF: 3.844
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89297			Serial	1559
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	Author	Scalise, E.; Houssa, M.; Pourtois, G.; Afanas'ev, V.V.; Stesmans, A.
	Title	Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of HfO₂ gate stacks : a study based on first-principles modeling			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	99	Issue	13	Pages	132101,1-132101,3
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	A first-principles modeling approach is used to investigate the vibrational properties of HfO2. The calculated phonon density of states is compared to experimental results obtained from inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) of various metal-oxide-semiconductor devices with HfO2 gate stacks. This comparison provides deep insights into the nature of the signatures of the complicated IETS spectra and provides valuable structural information about the gate stack, such as the possible presence of oxygen vacancies in jet-vapour deposited HfO2. Important structural differences between the interface of atomic-layer or molecular-beam deposited HfO2 and the Si substrate are also revealed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000295618000036	Publication Date	2011-09-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2011 IF: 3.844
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93611			Serial	1606
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	Author	Sorée, B.; Magnus, W.; Vandenberghe, W.
	Title	Low-field mobility in ultrathin silicon nanowire junctionless transistors			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	99	Issue	23	Pages	233509-233509,3
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	We theoretically investigate the phonon, surface roughness and ionized impurity limited low-field mobility of ultrathin silicon n-type nanowire junctionless transistors in the long channel approximation with wire radii ranging from 2 to 5 nm, as function of gate voltage. We show that surface roughness scattering is negligible as long as the wire radius is not too small and ionized impurity scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism. We also show that there exists an optimal radius where the ionized impurity limited mobility exhibits a maximum.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000298006100095	Publication Date	2011-12-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	20	Open Access
	Notes	; This work is supported by the EU project SQWIRE (FP7-ICT-STREP nr. 257111). William Vandenberghe gratefully acknowledges the Ph.D. stipend from the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2011 IF: 3.844
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:92865			Serial	1850
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