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	Author	Vleugels, G.J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Weathering of treated and untreated limestones in atmospheric exposures			Type	A3 Journal article
	Year	1991	Publication	Journal of preservation technology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	23	Issue		Pages	48-51
	Keywords	A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:4320			Serial	8755
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray fluorescence			Type	H3 Book chapter
	Year	2001	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	151-178 T2 - Non-destructive elemental analysis /
	Keywords	H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:34107			Serial	8764
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Osán, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	78	Issue	12	Pages	4069-4096
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000238252600016	Publication Date	2006-06-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:58857			Serial	8771
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Osán, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	76	Issue	12	Pages	3445-3470
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000222011100014	Publication Date	2004-06-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:46259			Serial	8772
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Török, S.B.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	74	Issue	12	Pages	2895-2918
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000176253700020	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:39517			Serial	8773
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Szalóki, I.; Török, S.B.; Ro, C.-U.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2000	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	72	Issue	12	Pages	211-233
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000087661500018	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:27850			Serial	8774
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	H3 Book chapter
	Year	2000	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue		Pages	13269-13443 T2 - Encyclopedia of analytical chemis
	Keywords	H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:31650			Serial	8775
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Török, S.B.; Labar, J.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1996	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	R68	Issue		Pages	467-485
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:14650			Serial	8777
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Török, S.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1992	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	64r	Issue		Pages	180-196
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1992HZ51800011	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:2823			Serial	8778
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	62	Issue	12	Pages	101r-113r
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2006-11-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116527			Serial	8779
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1988	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	60	Issue	12	Pages	28r-42r
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116525			Serial	8780
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	58	Issue	5	Pages	279r-294r
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116523			Serial	8781
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	X-ray spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1984	Publication	Reviews in analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	56	Issue		Pages	241r-250r
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-752x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116709			Serial	8782
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Labrecque, J.J.; Beusen, J.M.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Determination of barium, lanthanum, cerium and neodymium in lateritic materials by various energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence techniques and neutron activation analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue	1	Pages	13-18
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A comparison of four methods for the determination of barium, lanthanum, cerium and neodymium in lateritic materials from Brazil is presented. Three of the methods were based on x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy: two by radioisotope excitation (Co-57 and Am-241) and one by secondary target XRF (a molybdenum target with a tungsten anode). The other method was based on neutron activation analysis employing both a Ge(Li) coaxial detector and a high-purity germanium detector. The results from these four methods were similar for lanthanum, cerium and neodymium, but for barium at low concentrations (<500 ppm) the neutron activation and the secondary target XRF methods were not suitable. Data on the precision and accuracy of these methods using a series of standard reference rocks are given. The advantages and limitations of each of these methods with respect to the analysis of lateritic materials are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1986AYN6000003	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116487			Serial	7774
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Johansson, T.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Winchester, J.W.
	Title	Elemental abundance variation with particle-size in north florida aerosols			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1976	Publication	Journal of geophysical research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	81	Issue	6	Pages	1039-1046
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A nonurban base line has been established for nine trace element constituents of aerosol particles as a function of particle size at ground level sampling stations in north Florida up to 50 km from the Gulf of Mexico. The particle size range 0.25- to >4-μm aerodynamic diameter was investigated by cascade impactor sampling and elemental analysis by proton-induced X ray emission. By using a strategy of sampling at urban, forest, and coastal locations and by choosing approximately 48-hour sample averaging intervals the potential dependence of the base line levels both on local pollution and natural sources and on local particle size specific aerosol removal processes could be evaluated. It is found that elements contained in the largest particles, especially those of >4 μm, display the greatest degree of average concentration difference between sites, a result suggesting short atmospheric residence times and the importance of local dispersion sources and atmospheric cleansing processes in regulating the particle concentrations in air. Elements contained in particles of <2-μm diameter show little average concentration difference between sites unless they are influenced by local pollution sources, a finding suggesting that their concentrations in air are regulated by large-scale sources and transport processes. Sulfur in the smallest particles shows a marked constancy of concentration, but it may be modified in the largest particle size ranges in relation to proximity to the seacoast. No evidence is found for dependence of particulate sulfur concentrations on local pollution sources. K, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Zn appear to be regulated in the main by terrestrial source processes, and Cl by marine source processes, but Br and Pb appear to be accounted for adequately by assuming automotive fuel combustion as their major source. Limited data obtained for V indicate that it may vary considerably with fluctuations in aerosol transport from oil-fired electric power plant sources in the region. Limited additional data also suggest that Mn is derived from sources of natural terrestrial composition. In view of these findings, certain criteria may be set for the design of a meaningful nonurban aerosol monitoring network.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1976BG78300001	Publication Date	2008-02-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0148-0227; 2156-2202; 0022-1406; 0196-6928; 0196-6936; 0885-3401; 8755-8556; 0196-2256; 0747-7309; 1	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113637			Serial	7879
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Annegarn, H.J.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Dibby, D.M.; Von Blottnitz, F.
	Title	Background aerosol composition in the Namib Desert, South West-Africa (Namibia)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1983	Publication	Atmospheric environment : an international journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	17	Issue	10	Pages	2045-2053
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A remote site in the Namib Desert was selected for sampling background aerosols in southern Africa, as one of a wide network of stations spanning the Southern Hemisphere in a programme designed to measure the background concentrations of trace elements in the atmosphere. A series of samples was collected over a 6-month period using a single-orifice cascade impactor, which fractionated the particles into six size groups. Analysis was performed using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), yielding results for S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Br and Sr, and occasionally also for V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. No direct correlations with wind direction were observed excluding strong local or regional sources of particles. K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe can be identified with a dust dispersion source. Cl, large particle S and Br, and part of the K and Sr are derived from sea spray. Relative to the soil components small particle K is not enriched as it normally is in regions with less scarce vegetation. Cr, V, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations and enrichments in the aerosol are lower than practically all values measured at any other location hitherto. The concentration of the small particle sulphur, 200 ng m−3, is believed to be related to anaerobic conditions and plankton blooms in the ocean upwelling zones off Namibia.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1983RP58300017	Publication Date	2003-08-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1352-2310	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113623			Serial	7545
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Leysen, L.A.; Roekens, E.J.; Van Grieken, R.E.; De Geyter, G.
	Title	Characterization of the weathering crust of various historical buildings in Belgium			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	The science of the total environment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	90	Issue		Pages	117-147
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A variety of samples, collected from different historical buildings and monuments throughout Belgium, were thoroughly studied, using several trace- and micro-analysis techniques. Thin sections of stones and mortar joints were characterized by means of electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA). The morphological appearance of the surface weathering crust and the possible presence of non-innate particles in the crust were elucidated using petrographical and electron microscopy. Quantitative characterization of the total chemical composition of the crust surface layer and underlying layer was performed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and by ion chromatography and atomic absorption spectrometry for the leachable components. Special attention was also paid to the chemical composition of rain and air at the particular sampling sites. The element distribution in the transition zone between the weathering crust and the original stone material was found to vary greatly amongst the different samples analyzed. Detailed EPXMA measurements on pieces of the weathering crust showed remarkable differences in morphology and composition between the surface and the underlying layer, and provided information about the presence of fly-ash and soil dust particles in the crust. Except for crusts from the city of Brussels, which were all very high in sulphate, the samples appeared to contain very variable sulphate contents; very local micro-climate and environmental conditions at a particular site are more important in determining the weathering condition of the building stones than the local air pollution situation. Bulk analytical characterization further showed, in all the crust samples studied, a very small contribution of nitrogen- and chlorine-containing weathering products, in contrast to sulphur-containing weathering salts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1990CJ43500010	Publication Date	2003-09-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-9697; 1879-1026	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116650			Serial	7636
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vanderstappen, M.G.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Co-crystallization with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, and X-ray fluorescence, for trace metal analysis of water			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1978	Publication	Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	25	Issue	11/12	Pages	653-658
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Adding 20mg of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) to a water sample at 70°, and filtering off the precipitate after cooling, gives efficient preconcentration prior to X-ray fluorescence analysis of water. Up to the capacity of about 100 μeq of PAN used, the trace metal recoveries are around 90% or higher for Cr3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Eu3+, and above 70% for many other ions. The recovery yields usually do not vary critically with pH in the neutral pH-range, and are practically independent of the sample salinity, sample volume and trace-metal concentration. Enrichment factors as high as 2 × 105 can be achieved. Counting statistics would then allow detection limits of 0.03 ppM. The blank levels in commercial PAN, however, lead to typical detection limits of about 1 ppm. The coefficient of variation is typically in the 510% range at the 10-ppM level. The accuracy and applicability of the procedure are illustrated by comparative analyses on samples of synthetic solutions, river and drinking water.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1978GG18200005	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-9140; 1873-3573	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116556			Serial	7675
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Rojas, C.M.; Figueroa, L.; Janssens, K.H.; Van Espen, P.E.; Adams, F.C.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	The elemental composition of airborne particulate matter in the Atacama desert, Chile			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	The science of the total environment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	91	Issue		Pages	251-267
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Air particulate samples were collected at Chapiquiña near Arica (Chile) with a six-stage cascade impactor for about 17-day periods during a 31 month interval. Sixteen elements were determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, and the elemental concentrations were subjected to principal factor analysis. The variability with time of the coarse particles was described by two factors both related to soil dispersion, whereas the fine particle variations could be explained by a third factor related to marine influence. Enrichment factors were compared with those obtained in other remote continental areas, in particular those of air particulate matter sampled at Chacaltaya, Bolivia. Results point to a negligible anthropogenic influence.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1990CM36100019	Publication Date	2003-09-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-9697	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116652			Serial	5602
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Annegarn, H.J.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Booth-Jones, P.A.
	Title	Composition and size of individual particles from a gold mine atmosphere			Type	A3 Journal article
	Year	1987	Publication	Mining science & technology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	111-119
	Keywords	A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Airborne dust particles were collected in a return airway of a South African gold mine using a 7-stage, single-orifice cascade impactor. Between 70 and 130 individual particles were analysed on each stage using automated electron-probe x-ray microanalysis (EPXMA). Particle size and shape parameters are given for different classes of particles sorted by elemental composition. Silicon-rich particles are the most abundant overall, while chlorine-rich particles dominate (up to 80%) in the range 0.21.0 μm. It is shown that EPXMA characterisation of particles can be used to infer relative contributions of various particle sources and dust generating processes to the total dust concentrations in mine atmospheres. An understanding of the nature and source of particles is essential for any source control strategy. We conclude that the EPXMA technique merits inclusion in the repertoire of techniques used for characterising underground dust.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2004-12-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0167-9031	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116777			Serial	7701
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Roekens, E.J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Effects of titanium dioxide industry waste dumping on sea water chemistry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1983	Publication	Water research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	17	Issue	10	Pages	1385-1392
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	An investigation was made to determine the influence of the dumping of a 1000 ton day−1, on the average, of acid-iron waste from the titanium dioxide industry into the shallow but turbulent Southern Bight of the North Sea. This waste contains some 20% sulfuric acid and 2% iron. After the passage of the barge that discharges 10 ton of waste min−1 into its wake, the vertical and horizontal distributions of the pH, iron-concentration and turbidity were measured as a function of time. It appeared that a few seconds after the discharge and for a very brief period, the pH was down to approx. 4 and the Fe-concentration was 13 mg l−1. More than 1 min after the discharge a pH below 6 and an iron-level above 3 mg l−1 could not be detected anywhere. The measured factor for waste dilution by sea water, based on the observed acid and iron concentration in the waste and in the discharge track, were around 5000 after 5 min, 9000 after 10 min and 80,000 after 20 min. Before and long after the dumping, the total iron-concentration in this Southern Bight area was around 100 μg l−1, but this high level might be due to natural causes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1983RJ42300025	Publication Date	2003-08-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0043-1354; 1879-2448	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116690			Serial	7850
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bernard, P.C.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Brügmann, L.
	Title	Geochemistry of suspended matter from the baltic sea : 1 : results of individual particle characterization by automated electron microprobe			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1989	Publication	Marine chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	26	Issue	2	Pages	155-177
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis was used to characterize some 15 000 individual suspension particles from 50 samples of suspended matter collected from different depths at 18 stations throughout the Baltic Sea and the transient area to the North Sea. For each particle, 14 minor and major elements were determined and size information data were obtained. To process this huge amount of results, multivariate analysis techniques were invoked: the particles were classified into specific types and the abundance variations of these groups were studied. It appeared that 80% of all investigated particles contained mostly silicon, and seemed to consist of quartz, and K-rich and Fe-rich aluminosilicates. The abundance of BaSO4 particles averaged 5% throughout the Baltic Sea, but amounted to up to 44% at some stations. The abundance of the Fe-rich particles varied significantly with location and depth, and averaged ∼ 4%. They were often found to be associated with significant amounts of P. Both of these particle types and the Mn-rich particles are thought to be mainly authigenic. Calcium carbonate particles are more abundant towards the North Sea (which seems to act as a source). Principal component analysis of the data revealed that most of the compositional variability can be explained by differences between deep and surface waters and by the influences of inflowing North Sea waters. Additional information about the types and sources of the suspended matter in the Baltic Sea was gained from the comparison and correlation of the single particle results with different fractions of the bulk concentrations of elements such as Al, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Ba.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1989T986200005	Publication Date	2003-08-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-4203; 1872-7581	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116699			Serial	7995
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	Author	Verbueken, A.H.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Paulus, G.J.; Verpooten, G.A.; de Broe, M.E.
	Title	Laser microprobe mass spectrometry of platinum in dog kidney after cisplatin adminstration			Type	A3 Journal article
	Year	1984	Publication	Biomedical mass spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	4	Pages	159-163
	Keywords	A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract	By means of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) platinum was detected in the renal proximal tubular cells of a dog that had been intravenously adminstered the antitumor drug cisplatin (5 mg per kg body weight). No definite subcellular localization of the heavy metal was obtained. Sample prparation and analytical features are examined to increase spatial resolution of analysis while maintaining sufficient detection efficiency. The LAMMA method is destructive, but the amount and type of evaporated material can readily be determined when using LAMMA in combination with transmission electron microscopy. Instrumental optimization and standardization of mass signals is possible by using platinum-loaded, ion chelating resin beads embedded and sectioned with the tissue.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0306-042x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116712			Serial	8165
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	Author	Vandeputte, D.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Jacob, W.A.; Savory, J.; Bertholf, R.L.; Wills, M.R.
	Title	Ultrastructural localization of aluminium in liver of aluminium maltol-treated rabbits by laser microprobe mass analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1989	Publication	Biomedical and environmental mass spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	18	Issue	8	Pages	598-602
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	By means of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA), we have studied the ultrastructural localization of aluminium in livers of aluminium maltol-treated rabbits. This animal model was developed to study long-term aluminium toxicity using systemic (intravenous) administration of aluminium. We could only detect aluminium in electron-dense inclusion bodies found in large, sometimes multinucleated cells. These results prove that the actual observation of aluminium deposits in liver with LAMMA gives more information than bulk analysis and can be very useful to explore mechanisms of toxicity.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2005-05-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0887-6134	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116817			Serial	8702
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	Author	Vanderborght, B.M.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Trace metal analysis of water containing humic substances by X-ray fluorescence			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1978	Publication	International journal of environmental analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue	3	Pages	221-237
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Chelation by oxine followed by adsorption on activated carbon results in the efficient collection of many trace metal ions, independent of the trace metal concentration and of high alkali and alkaline earth ion abundances. Preconcentration factors around 10000 are often achieved. When this preconcentration procedure is combined with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, accurate and precise analysis can be carried out, as was proven in several experiments. The technique can also be applied for the determination of divalent ions in natural waters containing up to 10 ppm of humic substances. Trivalent ions can quantitatively be collected from natural water provided suKicient activated carbon is added. Omitting the oxine chelation prior to the activated carbon adsorption step still results in collection of a sometimes important fraction of the trace metal ions from natural waters. This is related to organically bound or colloidal forms of the trace metals.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1978FR88000005	Publication Date	2007-07-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0306-7319	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116570			Serial	8692
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	Author	Rojas, C.M.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Laane, R.W.
	Title	Comparison of 3 dry deposition models applied to field-measurements in the Southern Bight of the North-Sea			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1993	Publication	Atmospheric environment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	27	Issue	3	Pages	363-370
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Dry deposition velocities have been calculated using three different approaches. Turbulent wind profile theory has been used to predict the drag coefficient, wind speed and friction velocity at 10 m height when the wind speed is measured at a higher altitude. The resulting parameters were introduced in a two-layer deposition model. The second approach was the well-known model of Slinn and Slinn (1980, Atmospheric Environment 14, 1013-1016), whereas the third corresponded to the model published by Williams (1982, Atmospheric Environment 16, 1933 1938). Results point to clear differences. However, in a field experiment carried out at the Southern Bight of the North Sea, all three approaches show relatively comparable results. The role played by the size distribution of atmospheric particulate matter is essential. In our case any of the three models could have given satisfactory outcomes taking into account the wide spread of the experimental results cited in the literature for the same airshed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1993KQ75200008	Publication Date	2003-08-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0004-6981	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:100018			Serial	7690
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	Author	Nelson, J.W.; Williams, I.; Johansson, T.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Elemental analysis of aerosols using proton-scattering			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1974	Publication	IEEE transactions on nuclear science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Ns21	Issue	1	Pages	618-621
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Elemental analysis for all of the light elements up through chlorine by elastic scattering of 16 MeV protons has been shown to be feasible. Basic problems associated with such measurements are discussed including kinematics, angular distribution, and sample backings. Spectra are presented for air particulate matter for both a total filter (Nuclepore) and a size fractionated air impactor (polystyrene backed) sample. The method is absolute, non destructive and can be used in conjunction with proton induced x-ray fluorescence to quantitatively analyze all elements in the same sample in minutes of time.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1974S533700086	Publication Date	2008-07-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0018-9499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113642			Serial	7881
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	Author	Eltayeb, M.A.H.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Preconcentration and XRF-determination of heavy metals in hair from Sudanese populations			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1989	Publication	Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	131	Issue	2	Pages	331-342
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis was applied for the analysis of hair. The hair samples were digested in a mixture of nitric and perchloric acid and the heavy metals were precipitated with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The accuracy, precision and recovery of the method for the elements Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were evaluated through the analysis of a standard hair sample. The procedure was applied to the analysis of hair from an occupationally exposed group of Sudanese workers and a control group. The hair of the exposed group showed a range of 80550 ppm Fe, 612 ppm Cu, 57190 ppm Zn and 703700 ppm Pb, while that of the control group had a range of 60310 ppm Fe, 722 ppm Cu, 89170 ppm Zn and 317 ppm Pb.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1989AL77700009	Publication Date	2005-08-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0236-5731; 1588-2780	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116816			Serial	8399
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	Author	Eltayeb, M.A.H.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Iron, copper, zinc and lead in hair from Sudanese populations of different age groups			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	The science of the total environment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	95	Issue		Pages	157-165
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence was used for the analysis of hair samples from three different age groups of the Sudanese population. Hair samples were digested in a mixture of nitric and perchloric acids and the metals were then precipitated with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The variations of the Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb content of hair with age were investigated. The averages of the elemental concentrations in each age group were compared with the other age groups and with literature values. The correlation of each pair of elements in the hair samples was also investigated.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1990DP94300014	Publication Date	2003-09-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-9697; 1879-1026	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116656			Serial	8132
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	Author	Van Grieken, R.E.; Adams, F.C.
	Title	Folding of aerosol loaded filters during X-ray fluorescence analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1976	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	61-67
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Folding aerosol loaded filters in two with the loaded side inwards during the X-ray analysis not only reduces possible filter heterogeneity effects and improves sample protection, but also increases the sensitivity and renders filter paper absorption corrections simple and more accurate in many instances. It is shown that folding an aerosol loaded Whatman filter paper during Kα X-rays counting leads to an increased sensitivity for all elements up from calcium, scandium or titanium (depending on the sensitivity definition and on the aerosol load) and for all elements up from phosphorus, sulphur or chlorine in the case of the Nuclepore filter. Although the absorption by the filter, into which the aerosol penetrates to some extent, is always more important in the sandwich than in the usual geometry, the dependence of the absorption correction on the usually unknown average deposition depth is less pronounced. Assuming all the aerosol material to be collected at the very surface of the filter and hence being present in the centre of the sandwich to be analysed, leads to an extremely simple filter paper absorption correction which is less prone to uncertainties than more sophisticated corrections in the usual geometry requiring additional measurements. This is the case for all elements up from potassium on Whatman filters and up from phosphorus on Nuclepore filters.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1976BM95300002	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116480			Serial	7976
Permanent link to this record