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Author |
Vos, P.E.J.; Nikolova, I.; Janssen, S. |
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Title |
A high-order model for accurately simulating the size distribution of ultrafine particles in a traffic tunnel |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Atmospheric environment : an international journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
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Pages |
415-425 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
We present a computational model for simulating the dispersion of traffic emitted particulate matter inside a road tunnel, with an emphasis on the number concentration of ultrafine particles (UFP). The model primarily calculates the size distribution of the particle number concentration at each location inside the tunnel. The proposed model differs from existing models in the sense that it uses a continuous representation of the size distribution based upon the high-order finite element method and that it solves the governing equations using the state-of-the-art discontinuous Galerkin method. Next to the traditional transport processes, the model also implements the most important aerosol transformation processes such as coagulation, condensation and dry deposition. It is shown that based upon parametrisations found in literature, the process of condensation in a traffic tunnel cannot properly be modelled. Therefore, we present a correction factor that allows for a better parametrisation. The adequate performance of the model is demonstrated by both a verification study and a validation study. For the verification we show that the discretisation error converges consistently while for the validation we compare the modelled results with a suitable set of data from a UFP measurement campaign in a Taiwanese traffic tunnel. The model is shown to correctly simulate the observed behaviour and by applying a statistical model evaluation we demonstrate that the proposed model meets widely accepted air quality model acceptance criteria. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Wos |
000309081100047 |
Publication Date |
2012-05-25 |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1352-2310 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:101793 |
Serial |
8033 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Huyskens, C.; De Wever, H.; Fovet, Y.; Wegmann, U.; Diels, L.; Lenaerts, S. |
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Title |
Screening of novel MBR fouling reducers : benchmarking with known fouling reducers and evaluation of their mechanism of action |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Separation and purification technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sep Purif Technol |
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Volume |
95 |
Issue |
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Pages |
49-57 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
A novel fouling characterization method was applied for a first screening of two novel synthetic flocculants developed by BASF (BASF-1 and BASF-2) and benchmarking with six well-known products. Results showed that this MBR-VITO Fouling Measurement (VFM) was able to identify beneficial and adverse effects of different additives on the mixed liquor's reversible and irreversible fouling and, in combination with supporting mixed liquor analyses, allowed to identify the additive's main working mechanism. The first screening tests indicated that BASF-1 and BASF-2 reduced reversible and irreversible fouling to a similar extent as the known synthetic flocculants due to a charge neutralization mechanism, resulting in enhanced flocculation and SMP removal. Further testing at different additive concentrations provided a first indication of the optimal dosage and revealed a considerable risk of overdosing for BASF-2, rendering it less suited for fouling control. In contrast, such adverse effects were not observed for BASF-1. BASF-1 induced similar beneficial effects as the known MPE50 polymer at lower dosage and was therefore considered promising for application in MBRs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Wos |
000307032100008 |
Publication Date |
2012-04-26 |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1383-5866 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.359 |
Times cited |
24 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors would like to thank K. Luyckx, J. Fret, L. Heylen, R. Muyshondt, H. Sterckx, J. Verheyden and J. Vande-Velden for technical assistance and V. Iversen for kindly supplying some of the commercial additives. Celine Huyskens is indebted to the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). The European Commission is acknowledged for financial support to Aquafit4use (FP7, Grant 211534). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.359; 2012 IF: 2.894 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:101903 |
Serial |
5990 |
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Author |
Van Noyen, J.; Middelkoop, V.; Buysse, C.; Kovalevsky, A.; Snijkers, F.; Buekenhoudt, A.; Mullens, S.; Luyten, J.; Kretzschmar, J.; Lenaerts, S. |
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Title |
Fabrication of perovskite capillary membranes for high temperature gas separation |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Catalysis today |
Abbreviated Journal |
Catal Today |
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Volume |
193 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
172-178 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
Oxygen-permeable perovskites with mixed ionic-electronic conducting properties can play an important role in carbon capture and storage techniques. Their ability to separate oxygen from air is needed, more specifically, in oxy-fuel and pre-combustion technologies. In this work, the first detailed comparative analysis and new results are reported on four types of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) capillary membranes: non-coated sulphur-containing; catalyst-coated sulphur-containing; non-coated sulphur-free and catalyst-coated sulphur-free. The fabrication of BSCF capillaries by a spinning technique based on phase inversion is further discussed and their oxygen separation performances are interpreted. The comparison of the performance of these different generations of BSCF capillaries of similar dimensions demonstrates a significant impact of the sulphur contamination on both the oxygen flux through the membrane and the activation energy of the overall oxygen transport mechanism. Careful attention is paid to the effect of activation layers on both sulphur-free and sulphur-containing types of capillaries. Additional long-term testing of the sulphur-free BSCF capillaries is presented, where partial decomposition of the membrane surface was observed due to kinetic demixing. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Wos |
000308675900025 |
Publication Date |
2012-04-15 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0920-5861 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.636 |
Times cited |
9 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors want to express their thanks to the VITO personnel for their continuous support, especially B. Molenberghs, W. Doyen (Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO), R. Kemps, M. Mertens, I. Thijs, M. Schoeters, W. Bouwen and J. Cooymans (Materials Department, VITO). C. Buysse thankfully acknowledges a Ph.D. scholarship provided by VITO and the University of Antwerp. This work is performed in the framework of the German Helmholtz Alliance Project “MEM-BRAIN”, aiming at the development of gas separation membranes for zero-emission fossil fuel power plants. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.636; 2012 IF: 2.980 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:101797 |
Serial |
5951 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Smits, M.; Vanpachtenbeke, F.; Horemans, B.; De Wael, K.; Hauchecorne, B.; Van Langenhove, H.; Demeestere, K.; Lenaerts, S. |
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Title |
Effect of operating and sampling conditions on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale power generators |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plos One |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e32825-e32825,10 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
Small stationary diesel engines, like in generator sets, have limited emission control measures and are therefore responsible for 44% of the particulate matter (PM) emissions in the United States. The diesel exhaust composition depends on operating conditions of the combustion engine. Furthermore, the measurements are influenced by the used sampling method. This study examines the effect of engine loading and exhaust gas dilution on the composition of small-scale power generators. These generators are used in different operating conditions than road-transport vehicles, resulting in different emission characteristics. Experimental data were obtained for gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOC) and PM mass concentration, elemental composition and nitrate content. The exhaust composition depends on load condition because of its effect on fuel consumption, engine wear and combustion temperature. Higher load conditions result in lower PM concentration and sharper edged particles with larger aerodynamic diameters. A positive correlation with load condition was found for K, Ca, Sr, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb adsorbed on PM, elements that originate from lubricating oil or engine corrosion. The nitrate concentration decreases at higher load conditions, due to enhanced nitrate dissociation to gaseous NO at higher engine temperatures. Dilution on the other hand decreases PM and nitrate concentration and increases gaseous VOC and adsorbed metal content. In conclusion, these data show that operating and sampling conditions have a major effect on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale diesel generators. Therefore, care must be taken when designing new experiments or comparing literature results. |
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Wos |
000303836500012 |
Publication Date |
2012-03-19 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.806 |
Times cited |
5 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.806; 2012 IF: 3.730 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:96545 |
Serial |
5581 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
De Schepper, V.C.J.; Holvoet, K.M.A.; Benedetti, L.; Seuntjens, P.; Vanrolleghem, P.A. |
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Title |
Extension of the river water quality model no. 1 with the fate of pesticides |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of hydroinformatics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
48-64 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
The existing River Water Quality Model No. 1 (RWQM1) was extended with processes determining the fate of non-volatile pesticides in the water phase and sediments. The exchange of pesticides between the water column and the sediment is described by three transport processes: diffusion, sedimentation and resuspension. Burial of sediments is also included. The modified model was used to simulate the concentrations of diuron and chloridazon in the river Nil. A good agreement was found between the simulated pesticide concentrations and measured values resulting from a four-month intensive monitoring campaign. The simulation results indicate that pesticide concentrations in the bulk water are not sensitive to the selected biochemical model parameters. it seems that these concentrations are mainly determined by the imposed upstream concentrations, run-off and direct losses. The high concentrations in the bulk water were not observed in the sediment pore water due to a limited exchange between the water column and the sediment. According to a sensitivity analysis, the observed pesticide concentrations are highly sensitive to the diffusion and sorption coefficients. Therefore, model users should determine these parameters with accuracy in order to reduce the degree of uncertainty in their results. |
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Wos |
000298618300004 |
Publication Date |
2011-10-25 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1464-7141 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:96257 |
Serial |
7954 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Van Wesenbeeck, K.; Hauchecorne, B.; Lenaerts, S. |
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Title |
Plasma assisted catalysis : an efficient and sustainable indoor air purification technology |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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UA library record |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:127490 |
Serial |
5981 |
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Author |
Van Eynde, E.; Lenaerts, S. |
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Title |
Diatom silica-titania materials for photocatalytic air purification |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Pages |
240-241 |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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ISBN |
978-989-97667-4-7 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:105335 |
Serial |
5944 |
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Author |
Van den Akker, S.; Bormans, P.; Peeters, H.; Gielis, J.; Prinsen, E. |
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Title |
Cytokinin dynamics in cell suspension cultures of Bambusa balcooa Roxburgh using UPLC-ESI/MS/MS |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
539-547
T2 - Proceedings of the 9th World Bamboo C |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; Engineering sciences. Technology; Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:97754 |
Serial |
7750 |
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Author |
Tytgat, T.; Lenaerts, S. |
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Title |
Immobilisation of TiO2 into self-supporting photocatalytic foam : influence of acidity on porosity and light penetration |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
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P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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978-989-97667-4-7 |
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UA library record |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:99066 |
Serial |
5959 |
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Author |
Tytgat, T. |
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Title |
Research and development of self-supporting TiO2 foams for removal of VOCs from ambient air |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
164 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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978-90-5728-395-6 |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:104607 |
Serial |
8472 |
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Author |
Smits, M.; Vanpachtenbeke, F.; Hauchecorne, B.; van Langenhove, H.; Demeestere, K.; Lenaerts, S. |
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Title |
Exhaust composition of a small diesel engine |
Type |
A2 Journal article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences |
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Volume |
77 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
85-88 |
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A2 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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ISSN |
1379-1176 |
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UA library record |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:94166 |
Serial |
5949 |
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Author |
Smits, M.; Tytgat, T.; Hauchecorne, B.; Lenaerts, S. |
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Title |
Development and validation of optical detection methods to screen photocatalytic materials for soot oxidation |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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Year |
2012 |
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P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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ISBN |
978-989-97667-4-7 |
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UA library record |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:98814 |
Serial |
5941 |
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Author |
Reniers, G.; Sörensen, K.; Vrancken, K. |
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Title |
Management principles of sustainable industrial chemistry |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
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Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:97648 |
Serial |
8197 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Nikolova, I. |
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|
Title |
Modeling emission, formation and dispersion of ultrafine particles in an urban environment |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
|
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
191 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Corporate Author |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-90-5728-360-4 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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|
Notes |
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Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:94392 |
Serial |
8262 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Huyskens, C. |
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Title |
Fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
|
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
198 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-90-5728-374-1 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:99492 |
Serial |
7980 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Gielis, J.; Potters, G. |
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Title |
Proceedings of the 9th World Bamboo Congress, Antwerp 2012 |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
|
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Corporate Author |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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|
Notes |
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Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:97756 |
Serial |
8413 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Gielis, J. |
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Title |
Temperate bamboos in ornamental horticulture: differentiators and spillover effects into the 21st century |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
|
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
603-623
T2 - Proceedings of the 9th World Bamboo C |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
|
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:97755 |
Serial |
8644 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Caratelli, D.; Gielis, J.; Natalini, P.; Ricci, P.E.; Tavkhelidze, I. |
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Title |
The Robin problem for the Helmholtz equation in a starlike planar domain |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Georgian mathematical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
18 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
465-479 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
The interior and exterior Robin problems for the Helmholtz equation in starlike planar domains are addressed by using a suitable Fourier-like technique. Attention is in particular focused on normal-polar domains whose boundaries are defined by the so-called superformula introduced by J. Gielis. A dedicated numerical procedure based on the computer algebra system Mathematica© is developed in order to validate the proposed approach. In this way, highly accurate approximations of the solution, featuring properties similar to the classical ones, are obtained. The computed results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical findings on Fourier series expansion presented by L. Carleson. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000296166100004 |
Publication Date |
2021-02-28 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
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Edition |
|
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ISSN |
1072-947x |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:91086 |
Serial |
8658 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bonroy, J.; Volckaert, M.; Seuntjens, P. |
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Title |
Rapid automated measurement system for simultaneous determination of effective air-filled porosity and soil gas diffusivity |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Soil Science Society of America journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
408-417 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
The effective air-filled porosity and the gas diffusion coefficient are important soil parameters determining the success of soil bioremediation projects such as (bio)venting and (bio)sparging methods in combination with soil vapor extraction. We have developed a new method to sequentially measure the effective air-filled porosity and the soil gas diffusion coefficient of a soil sample. During the purging of the sample, a fast and accurate measurement of the effective air-filled porosity can be obtained. The subsequent diffusion measurement does not require a zero-O(2) concentration in the soil sample. The procedure further allows the calculation of the soil gas diffusion coefficient before an equilibrium O(2) concentration has been reached. The results are obtained by combining the data of the inlet and outlet compartment in a single equation. A stable reading is reached when the results for the inlet and outlet compartment coincide with the results from the combined equation. The analysis time is reduced by 89 to 96% compared with methods that run until an equilibrium concentration has been reached. Moreover, combining data from inlet and outlet compartments increases the accuracy of the diffusivity measurement by a factor of two compared with previous methods. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000288827000009 |
Publication Date |
2012-09-19 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0361-5995 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:113062 |
Serial |
8453 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Nikolova, I.; Janssen, S.; Vos, P.; Vrancken, K.; Mishra, V.; Berghmans, P. |
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Title |
Dispersion modelling of traffic induced ultrafine particles in a street canyon in Antwerp, Belgium and comparison with observations |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
The science of the total environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
412 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
336-343 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
The aim of this study is to investigate the dispersion of ultrafine particles and its spatial distribution in a street canyon and its neighbourhood with the 3D CFD model ENVI-met®. The performance of the model at street scale is evaluated and the importance of the boundary conditions like wind field and traffic emissions on the UFP concentration is demonstrated. To support and validate the modelled results, a short-term measurement campaign was conducted in a street canyon in Antwerp, Belgium. The UFP concentration was measured simultaneously with P-TRACK (TSI Model 8525) at four different locations in the canyon. The modelled UFP concentrations compare well with the measured data (correlation coefficient R from 0.44 to 0.93) within the standard deviation of the measurements. Despite the moderate traffic flow in the street canyon, UFP concentrations in the canyon are in general double of the background concentrations, indicating the high local contribution for this particle number concentration. Some of the observed concentration profiles are not resembled by the model simulations. For these specific anomalies, further analysis is performed and plausible explanations are put forward. The role of wind direction and traffic emissions is investigated. The performance evaluation of ENVI-met® shows that in general the model qualitatively and quantitatively describes the dispersion of UFP in the street canyon study. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000298534300038 |
Publication Date |
2011-10-28 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0048-9697; 1879-1026 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:94377 |
Serial |
7815 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Verbruggen, S.W.; Ribbens, S.; Tytgat, T.; Hauchecorne, B.; Smits, M.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Martens, J.A.; Lenaerts, S. |
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Title |
The benefit of glass bead supports for efficient gas phase photocatalysis : case study of a commercial and a synthesised photocatalyst |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemical engineering journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Eng J |
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Volume |
174 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
318-325 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
In the field of photocatalytic air purification, the immobilisation of catalyst particles on support surfaces without loss of photon efficiency is an important challenge. Therefore, an immobilisation method involving a one-step suspension coating of pre-synthesised photocatalysts on glass beads was applied. The various benefits are exemplified in the gas phase photodegradation of ethylene. Coating of glass beads is easy, fast, cheap and offers a more efficient alternative to bulk catalyst pellets. Furthermore, this coating procedure allows to use porous, pre-synthesised catalysts to their full potential, as the surface area and morphology of the initial powder is barely altered after coating, in strong contrast to pelletising. With this technique it became possible to study the gas phase photocatalytic activity of commercial titanium dioxide, trititanate nanotubes and mixed phase anatase/trititanate nanotubes in a packed bed reactor towards the degradation of ethylene without changing the catalyst properties. Coating of glass beads with the photocatalyst revealed the superior activity of the as-prepared nanotubes, compared to TiO2 Aerolyst® 7710 in gaseous phase. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000296950300041 |
Publication Date |
2011-09-17 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1385-8947; 1873-3212 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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|
Impact Factor |
6.216 |
Times cited |
39 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The author wishes to acknowledge the Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO) for the financial support. Evonik is greatly thanked for supplying the TiO<INF>2</ INF> Aerolyst (R) 7710 pellets. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.216; 2011 IF: 3.461 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:93364 |
Serial |
5929 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Buytaert, V.; Muys, B.; Devriendt, N.; Pelkmans, L.; Kretzschmar, J.G.; Samson, R. |
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Title |
Towards integrated sustainability assessment for energetic use of biomass : a state of the art evaluation of assessment tools |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Renewable and sustainable energy reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
3918-3933 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
Biomass is expected to play an increasingly significant role in the greening of energy supply. Nevertheless, concerns are rising about the sustainability of large-scale energy crop production. Impacts must be assessed carefully before deciding whether and how this industry should be developed, and what technologies, policies and investment strategies should be pursued. There is need for a comprehensive and reliable sustainability assessment tool to evaluate the environmental, social and economic performance of biomass energy production. This paper paves the way for such a tool by analysing and comparing the performance and applicability of a selection of existing tools that are potentially useful for sustainability assessment of bioenergy systems. The selected tools are: Criteria And Indicators (C&I), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), Exergy Analysis (EA) and System Perturbation Analysis (SPA). To evaluate the tools, a framework was constructed that consists of four evaluation levels: sustainability issues, tool attributes, model structure, area of application. The tools were then evaluated using literature data and with the help of a Delphi panel of experts. Finally, a statistical analysis was performed on the resulting data matrix to detect significant differences between tools. It becomes clear that none of the selected tools is able to perform a comprehensive sustainability assessment of bioenergy systems. Every tool has its particular advantages and disadvantages, which means that trade-offs are inevitable and a balance must be found between scientific accuracy and pragmatic decision making. A good definition of the assessment objective is therefore crucial. It seems an interesting option to create a toolbox that combines procedural parts of C&I and EIA, supplemented with calculation algorithms of LCA and CBA for respectively environmental and economic sustainability indicators. Nevertheless, this would require a more comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to align the different tool characteristics and focuses. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000298764100043 |
Publication Date |
2011-08-06 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1364-0321; 1879-0690 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:96444 |
Serial |
8682 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Huyskens, C.; Lenaerts, S.; Brauns, E.; Diels, L.; de Wever, H. |
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Title |
Study of (ir)reversible fouling in MBRs under various operating conditions using new on-line fouling sensor |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Separation and purification technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sep Purif Technol |
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Volume |
81 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
208-215 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
In this study, a new fouling sensor was validated under different conditions of hydraulic (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT). The MBR-VFM (membrane bioreactor-VITO Fouling Measurement) allows the simultaneous determination of the physically reversible and irreversible fouling potential of a mixed liquor during a single crossflow filtration test. In accordance with the on-line filtration behavior, the measured reversible and irreversible fouling propensities differed significantly between MBRs operated at different combinations of HRT-SRT. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between the on-line permeability and the reversible and irreversible fouling propensity measured by the MBR-VFM. This corresponded to observations made on membrane recovery after physical or chemical cleaning actions. Higher reversible and irreversible fouling were observed at lower HRT, presumably as a consequence of increased concentrations of foulants present. The effect of SRT was much smaller and restricted to the reversible fouling component. Possible explanations for the increased fouling at prolonged SRT are the higher sludge and colloid concentration and the smaller floc size. It can be concluded that the MBR-VFM is a useful tool to monitor fluctuations in a mixed liquors (ir)reversible fouling potential and can contribute to a deeper understanding of the occurring fouling phenomena. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000296108500012 |
Publication Date |
2011-08-01 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1383-5866 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.359 |
Times cited |
15 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.359; 2011 IF: 2.921 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:93410 |
Serial |
5992 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hauchecorne, B.; Terrens, D.; Verbruggen, S.; Martens, J.A.; van Langenhove, H.; Demeestere, K.; Lenaerts, S. |
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Title |
Elucidating the photocatalytic degradation pathway of acetaldehyde : an FTIR in situ study under atmospheric conditions |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Applied catalysis : B : environmental |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Catal B-Environ |
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Volume |
106 |
Issue |
3/4 |
Pages |
630-638 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
In this paper, new insights of the photocatalytic oxidation pathway of acetaldehyde are obtained by means of an in-house constructed FTIR in situ reactor. It is shown that there are generally three different intermediates present: acetic acid, formic acid and formaldehyde. By means of FTIR in situ spectroscopy, this study revealed that these intermediates are bound on the TiO2 surface in different ways, resulting in the presence of more intermediate species, such as molecularly adsorbed acetic acid, bidentate acetate, molecularly adsorbed formic acid, monodentate formate, bidentate formate, formaldehyde and dioxymethylene. Furthermore, spectroscopic evidence is obtained concerning the formation of 3-hydroxybutanal and crotonaldehyde upon adsorption of acetaldehyde on TiO2 prior to UV illumination. The presented results thus give new insights in the photocatalytic oxidation pathway of acetaldehyde. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000294092400042 |
Publication Date |
2011-06-28 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0926-3373 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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|
Impact Factor |
9.446 |
Times cited |
46 |
Open Access |
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|
Notes |
; The authors wish to thank the University of Antwerp for the funding of this research. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.446; 2011 IF: 5.625 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:92433 |
Serial |
5948 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jochems, P.; Satyawali, Y.; van Roy, S.; Doyen, W.; Diels, L.; Dejonghe, W. |
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Title |
Characterization and optimization of \beta-galactosidase immobilization process on a mixed-matrix membrane |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Enzyme and microbial technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
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|
Volume |
49 |
Issue |
6/7 |
Pages |
580-588 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
β-Galactosidase is an important enzyme catalyzing not only the hydrolysis of lactose to the monosaccharides glucose and galactose but also the transgalactosylation reaction to produce galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). In this study, β-galactosidase was immobilized by adsorption on a mixed-matrix membrane containing zirconium dioxide. The maximum β-galactosidase adsorbed on these membranes was 1.6 g/m2, however, maximal activity was achieved at an enzyme concentration of around 0.5 g/m2. The tests conducted to investigate the optimal immobilization parameters suggested that higher immobilization can be achieved under extreme parameters (pH and temperature) but the activity was not retained at such extreme operational parameters. The investigations on immobilized enzymes indicated that no real shift occurred in its optimal temperature after immobilization though the activity in case of immobilized enzyme was better retained at lower temperature (5 °C). A shift of 0.5 unit was observed in optimal pH after immobilization (pH 6.5 to 7). Perhaps the most striking results are the kinetic parameters of the immobilized enzyme; while the Michaelis constant (Km) value increased almost eight times compared to the free enzyme, the maximum enzyme velocity (Vmax) remained almost constant. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000298529600015 |
Publication Date |
2011-06-26 |
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Series Editor |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0141-0229 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:90060 |
Serial |
7608 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Nikolova, I.; Janssen, S.; Vrancken, K.; Vos, P.; Mishra, V.; Berghmans, P. |
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Title |
Size resolved ultrafine particles emission model : a continues size distribution approach |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
The science of the total environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
409 |
Issue |
18 |
Pages |
3492-3499 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
A new parameterization for size resolved ultrafine particles (UFP) traffic emissions is proposed based on the results of PARTICULATES project (Samaras et al., 2005). It includes the emission factors from the Emission Inventory Guidebook (2006) (total number of particles, #/km/veh), the shape of the corresponding particle size distribution given in PARTICULATES and data for the traffic activity. The output of the model UFPEM (UltraFine Particle Emission Model) is a sum of continuous distributions of ultrafine particles emissions per vehicle type (passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles), fuel (petrol and diesel) and average speed representative for urban, rural and highway driving. The results from the parameterization are compared with measured total number of ultrafine particles and size distributions in a tunnel in Antwerp (Belgium). The measured UFP concentration over the entire campaign shows a close relation to the traffic activity. The modelled concentration is found to be lower than the measured in the campaign. The average emission factor from the measurement is 4.29E + 14 #/km/veh whereas the calculated is around 30% lower. A comparison of emission factors with literature is done as well and in overall a good agreement is found. For the size distributions it is found that the measured distributions consist of three modes Nucleation, Aitken and accumulation and most of the ultrafine particles belong to the Nucleation and the Aitken modes. The modelled Aitken mode (peak around 0.040.05 μm) is found in a good agreement both as amplitude of the peak and the number of particles whereas the modelled Nucleation mode is shifted to smaller diameters and the peak is much lower that the observed. Time scale analysis shows that at 300 m in the tunnel coagulation and deposition are slow and therefore neglected. The UFPEM emission model can be used as a source term in dispersion models. |
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Wos |
000293260100026 |
Publication Date |
2011-06-19 |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0048-9697; 1879-1026 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:91949 |
Serial |
8546 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Brauns, E.; van Hoof, E.; Huyskens, C.; de Wever, H. |
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Title |
On the concept of a supervisory, fuzzy set logic based, advanced filtration control in membrane bioreactors |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Desalination and water treatment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
1/3 |
Pages |
119-127 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
The filtration process within a membrane bioreactor (MBR) is mostly controlled in a classic way through typical set-points such as aeration flow rate, filtration duration, backwash frequency or relaxation duration. The values of these filtration set-points result from experience and remain often unchanged during the installations operational lifetime. Filtration is dictated considerably by membrane fouling phenomena. The fouling potential of the mixed liquor however can significantly fluctuate, even daily, from changing influent characteristics. Fixed set-point values thus may represent sub-optimal filtration conditions. Consequently, a supervising advanced control system, being able to continuously adapt the set-points values would be beneficial regarding the MBR filtration process optimization. Such optimization could reduce the corresponding MBR energy consumption, e.g. linked to the filtration related membrane aeration. An Advanced Control System (ACS) based on Fuzzy Set Logic (FSL) is introduced here, enabling to supervise an existing classic membrane filtration control system. Such ACS is able to daily (or even more frequent) optimize the set-points of the underlying classic control system, from the input of various sensor and process parameter values. The theoretical background and practical implementation of the FSL based ACS concept is explained. |
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Wos |
000291314400014 |
Publication Date |
2011-06-19 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1944-3994; 1944-3986 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:90094 |
Serial |
8328 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jochems, P.; Satyawali, Y.; Diels, L.; Dejonghe, W. |
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Title |
Enzyme immobilization on/in polymeric membranes : status, challenges and perspectives in biocatalytic membrane reactors (BMRs) |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Green chemistry : cutting-edge research for a greener sustainable future |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1609-1623 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
Immobilization of enzymes is beneficial in terms of improving the process economics by enabling enzyme re-use and enhancing overall productivity and robustness. Increasingly, membranes are thought to be good supports for enzyme immobilization. These resulting biocatalytic membranes are integrated in reactors known as biocatalytic membrane reactors (BMRs) which enable the integration of biocatalysis and separation. Often the available commercial membranes require modifications to make them suitable for enzyme immobilization. Different immobilization techniques can be used on such suitable membranes, but no general rules exist for making a choice between them. Despite the advantages of BMR application, there are some issues which need to be addressed in order to achieve up-scaling of such systems. In this review, the different aspects of enzyme immobilization on membranes are discussed to show the complexity of this interdisciplinary technology. In addition, the existing issues which require further investigation are highlighted. |
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Wos |
000292450600002 |
Publication Date |
2011-05-26 |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1463-9262; 1463-9270 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:89567 |
Serial |
7930 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jammaer, J.; Aprile, C.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.; Pescarmona, P.P.; Martens, J.A. |
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Title |
A non-aqueous synthesis of TiO2SiO2 composites in supercritical CO2 for the photodegradation of pollutants |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemsuschem |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chemsuschem |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1457-1463 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
Titania/silica composites with different Ti/Si ratios are synthesized via a nonconventional synthesis route. The synthesis involves non-aqueous reaction of metal alkoxides and formic acid at 75 °C in supercritical carbon dioxide. The as-prepared composite materials contain nanometer-sized anatase crystallites and amorphous silica. Large specific surface areas are obtained. The composites are evaluated in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous medium, and in the elimination of acetaldehyde from air. The highest photocatalytic activity in both processes is achieved with a composite containing 40 wt % TiO2. |
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Wos |
000296497400010 |
Publication Date |
2011-05-20 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1864-5631 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
7.226 |
Times cited |
15 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors acknowledge sponsorship from CECAT and Methusalem (long-term financing of the Flemish government). We thank Dr. E. Gobechiya for assistance with XRD measurements and A. Lemaire for assistance with mercury porosimetry measurements. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 7.226; 2011 IF: 6.827 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:93363 |
Serial |
5973 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hauchecorne, B.; Tytgat, T.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Hauchecorne, D.; Terrens, D.; Smits, M.; Vinken, K.; Lenaerts, S. |
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Title |
Photocatalytic degradation of ethylene : an FTIR in situ study under atmospheric conditions |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Applied catalysis : B : environmental |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Catal B-Environ |
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Volume |
105 |
Issue |
1/2 |
Pages |
111-116 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Molecular Spectroscopy (MolSpec); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
In this paper, the reaction mechanism of the photocatalytic oxidation of ethylene is elucidated by means of an in-house developed FTIR in situ reactor. This reactor allowed us to look at the catalytic surface at the moment the reactions actually occur. This new approach gave some exciting new insights in how ethylene is photocatalytically oxidised. It was found that there is a change in dipole moment of the ethylene molecule when it is brought in the neighbourhood of the catalyst. From this finding, a hypothesis was formulated on how the CC-bond from ethylene will break. It was found that the aforementioned interaction between the catalyst and the molecule, allows the excited electrons from the UV irradiated catalyst to occupy the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the ethylene molecule through a process known as backdonation. Following this hypothesis, it was found that the degradation occurs through the formation of two intermediates: formaldehyde and formic acid, for which formaldehyde is bound in two different ways (coordinatively and as bidentate). Finally CO2 and H2O are found as end products, resulting in the complete mineralisation of the pollutant. |
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Wos |
000291907400013 |
Publication Date |
2011-04-18 |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0926-3373 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
9.446 |
Times cited |
29 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors wish to thank the University of Antwerp for the funding of this research; Evonik, who delivered the photocatalyst and the 3rd grade bachelor students of the bio-science engineering department, who accompanied us in this work: Britt Berghmans, Margot Goossens, Ozlem Kocak and Laurent Van Linden. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.446; 2011 IF: 5.625 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:89256 |
Serial |
5978 |
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Permanent link to this record |