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Author |
van Loon, A.; Noble, P.; Krekeler, A.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Abe, Y.; Nakai, I.; Dik, J. |
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Title |
Artificial orpiment, a new pigment in Rembrandt's palette |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
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Pages |
26 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
This paper reports on how the application of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) imaging, in combination with the re-examination of existing paint cross-sections, has led to the discovery of a new pigment in Rembrandt's palette: artificial orpiment. In the NWO Science4Arts 'ReVisRembrandt' project, novel chemical imaging techniques are being developed and applied to the study of Rembrandt's late paintings in order to help resolve outstanding questions and to gain a better understanding of his late enigmatic painting technique. One of the selected case studies is the Portrait of a Couple as Isaac and Rebecca, known as 'The Jewish Bride', dated c. 1665 and on view in the Rijksmuseum. During the re-installation of the Rijksmuseum in 2013, the picture was scanned using the Bruker M6 Jetstream MAXRF scanner. The resulting elemental distribution maps made it possible to distinguish many features in the painting, such as bone black remains of the original hat (P, Ca maps), and the now discolored smalt-rich background (Co, Ni, As, K maps). The arsenic (As) map also revealed areas of high-intensity in Isaac's sleeve and Rebecca's dress where it could be established that it was not related with the pigment smalt that also contains arsenic. This pointed to the presence of a yellow or orange arsenic-containing pigment, such as realgar or orpiment that is not associated with the artist's palette. Subsequent examination of existing paint cross-sections from these locations taken by Karin Groen in the 1990s identified isolated, almost perfectly round particles of arsenic sulfide. The round shape corresponds with published findings on a purified form of artificial orpiment glass obtained by dry processing, a sublimation reaction. In bright field, the particles characteristically exhibit a dark cross in the middle caused by internal light reflections. The results of additional non-invasive techniques (portable XRD and portable Raman) are discussed, as well as the implications of this finding and how it fits with Rembrandt's late experimental painting technique. |
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Wos  |
000404916400001 |
Publication Date |
2017-06-02 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
6 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research is part of the Science4Arts Program, funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (Grant No. SFA-11-12). GVdS is supported by the Baillet Latour Fund. The authors would like to thank Lisette Vos, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, for assisting with the MA-XRF scanning; Arisa Izumi and Airi Hirayama, students of the Tokyo University of Science, and Frederik Vanmeert, University of Antwerp, for assisting with the pXRD and pRaman measurements. We are also grateful to Rob Erdmann, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, who made the curtain viewer to facilitate comparison of the visible image with the elemental distribution maps of the painting. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:144864 |
Serial |
5479 |
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Author |
Vermeulen, M.; Sanyova, J.; Janssens, K.; Nuyts, G.; De Meyer, S.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
The darkening of copper- or lead-based pigments explained by a structural modification of natural orpiment : a spectroscopic and electrochemical study |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1331-1341 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
A combined Raman and electrochemical study of natural orpiment (As2S3), an arsenic sulfide pigment, was used to assess the quick formation of oxidized species such as arsenic oxide (As2O3) upon exposing the pigment to 405 nm or 532 nm monochromatic light while simultaneously recording the Raman spectra of the exposed sample. During this process, a distortion of the main band at 355 cm−1, associated with the stretching of the AsS3/2 pyramids of natural orpiment, was observed as well as an increased intensity of the 359 cm−1 band, corresponding to covalent AsAs bonds in natural orpiment. The distortion was accompanied by an overall decrease of the global Raman signal for natural orpiment, which could be explained by a loss in the crystal structure. The same phenomena were recorded in reference natural orpiment model paint samples stored for a long time together with verdigris (Cu(OH)2·(CH3COO)2·5H2O) and minium (Pb3O4) paints, the latter two appearing darkened on their sides closest to the orpiment sample as well as in several historical samples containing natural orpiment mixed with various blue pigments. By SEM-EDX and XRPD analysis, respectively on loose material and cast thin-sections of model paint samples, the darkening was identified as dark sulfide species such as chalcocite (Cu2S) and galena (PbS), suggesting the release of volatile sulfide or related species by the natural orpiment paint. XANES analyses of paint samples presenting AsAs bond increase indicated the presence of sulfur species most likely identified as organosulfur compounds formed upon the AsAs bond formation and explained the darkening of the Cu- and Pb-based pigments. To the best of our knowledge, this article reports for the first time the light-induced formation of AsAs bonds in natural orpiment used as an artists' pigment and objectively demonstrates the incompatibility between orpiment and (arsenic) sulfide-sensitive pigments. |
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Wos |
000404998500007 |
Publication Date |
2017-05-31 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
10 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research is made possible with the support of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, Brussels) through the research program Science for a Sustainable Development – SDD, “Long-term role and fate of metal-sulfides in painted works of art – S2ART” (SD/RI/04A). We gratefully acknowledge Julie Arslanoglu (Conservation and Scientific Research Department at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA) for providing us the orpiment, verdigris and minium mock-up samples. We gratefully acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland and the German Electron Synchrotron (DESY) for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtimes at respectively beamlines of the SLS and Petra III. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:144384 |
Serial |
5564 |
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Author |
Cuypers, B.; Vermeylen, S.; Hammerschmid, D.; Trashin, S.; Rahemi, V.; Konijnenberg, A.; De Schutter, A.; Cheng, C.-H.C.; Giordano, D.; Verde, C.; De Wael, K.; Sobott, F.; Dewilde, S.; Van Doorslaer, S. |
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Title |
Antarctic fish versus human cytoglobins : the same but yet so different |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of inorganic biochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Inorg Biochem |
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Volume |
173 |
Issue |
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Pages |
66-78 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
The cytoglobins of the Antarctic fish Chaenocephalus aceratus and Dissostichus mawsoni have many features in common with human cytoglobin. These cytoglobins are heme proteins in which the ferric and ferrous forms have a characteristic hexacoordination of the heme iron, i.e. axial ligation of two endogenous histidine residues, as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance, resonance Raman and optical absorption spectroscopy. The combined spectroscopic analysis revealed only small variations in the heme-pocket structure, in line with the small variations observed for the redox potential. Nevertheless, some striking differences were also discovered. Resonance Raman spectroscopy showed that the stabilization of an exogenous heme ligand, such as CO, occurs differently in human cytoglobin in comparison with Antarctic fish cytoglobins. Furthermore, while it has been extensively reported that human cytoglobin is essentially monomeric and can form an intramolecular disulfide bridge that can influence the ligand binding kinetics, 3D modeling of the Antarctic fish cytoglobins indicates that the cysteine residues are too far apart to form such an intramolecular bridge. Moreover, gel filtration and mass spectrometry reveal the occurrence of non-covalent multimers (up to pentamers) in the Antarctic fish cytoglobins that are formed at low concentrations. Stabilization of these oligomers by disulfide-bridge formation is possible, but not essential. If intermolecular disulfide bridges are formed, they influence the heme-pocket structure, as is shown by EPR measurements. |
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Wos |
000405159600007 |
Publication Date |
2017-04-28 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0162-0134 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.348 |
Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors acknowledge the support of the University of Antwerp GOA-BOF funding (28312), FWO funding (G.0687.13) and the Hercules foundation for funding of the Synapt G2 instrument. This study was carried out in the framework of the SCAR program “Antarctic Thresholds – Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation” (AnT-ERA). It was financially supported by the Italian National Program for Antarctic Research (PNRA). Research of A. De Schutter is funded by a PhD grant of the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (121339) (IWT, Belgium). C-H C. Cheng acknowledges funding support from US National Science Foundation Polar Programs (ANT-1142158). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.348 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:144826 |
Serial |
5474 |
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Author |
Trashin, S.; Rahemi, V.; Ramji, K.; Neven, L.; Gorun, S.M.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Singlet oxygen-based electrosensing by molecular photosensitizers |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Nature communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Commun |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
16108 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors are an inspiration for the development of (bio)analytical techniques. However, the instability and reproducibility of the reactivity of enzymes, combined with the need for chemical reagents for sensing remain challenges for the construction of useful devices. Here we present a sensing strategy inspired by the advantages of enzymes and photoelectrochemical sensing, namely the integration of aerobic photocatalysis and electrochemical analysis. The photosensitizer, a bioinspired perfluorinated Zn phthalocyanine, generates singlet-oxygen from air under visible light illumination and oxidizes analytes, yielding electrochemically-detectable products while resisting the oxidizing species it produces. Compared with enzymatic detection methods, the proposed strategy uses air instead of internally added reactive reagents, features intrinsic baseline correction via on/off light switching and shows C-F bonds-type enhanced stability. It also affords selectivity imparted by the catalytic process and nano-level detection, such as 20 nM amoxicillin in μl sample volumes. |
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Wos |
000405466200002 |
Publication Date |
2017-07-14 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2041-1723 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
12.124 |
Times cited |
26 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; Evonik is thanked for providing samples of silicon and titanium oxides. Support from the National Science Foundation (SMG) for a portion of this work is gratefully acknowledged. FWO and UAntwerpen (BOF) are acknowledged for financial support. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 12.124 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:144538 |
Serial |
5833 |
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Author |
Alvarez-Martin, A.; Trashin, S.; Cuykx, M.; Covaci, A.; De Wael, K.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Photodegradation mechanisms and kinetics of Eosin-Y in oxic and anoxic conditions |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Dyes and pigments |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dyes Pigments |
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Volume |
145 |
Issue |
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Pages |
376-384 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre |
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Abstract |
Lakes based on Eosin-Y are extensively used by 19th century artists. Unfortunately, the identification of these pigments in paintings is a difficult task because Eosin-Y degrades very fast under the influence of light. The characterization of the (photo)degradation products of Eosin-Y can be very useful for the identification of these pigments in historic works of art and related cultural heritage artifacts. Furthermore, knowledge on how different factors influence the discoloration process (e.g. different types of irradiation sources and presence/absence of oxygen) is a valuable tool for preventive conservation. To this aim we performed a study on the photodegradation of Eosin-Y in solution under different illumination and in both oxic and anoxic conditions. The photodegradation of Eosin-Y was monitored by UV-VIS spectrophotometry, LC-QTOFMS and electrochemistry techniques. Results indicated higher degradation rates, by a factor of 20 or higher, under illumination with wavelengths near to the main absorbance band of the red pigment. Two different degradation pathways are observed under the conditions studied. LC-QTOFMS and electrochemistry suggested that in the presence of oxygen the degradation mechanism is an oxidative process where the breakdown of the structure causes the total discoloration. Meanwhile under anoxic conditions, a debromination process takes place while the chromophore, and consequently the color of the molecule in solution, remains essentially intact. |
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Wos |
000405972900046 |
Publication Date |
2017-06-16 |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0143-7208 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.473 |
Times cited |
18 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.473 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:144385 |
Serial |
5770 |
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Author |
Lybaert, J.; Tehrani, K.A.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Mediated electrolysis of vicinal diols by neocuproine palladium catalysts |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Electrochimica acta |
Abbreviated Journal |
Electrochim Acta |
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Volume |
247 |
Issue |
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Pages |
685-691 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Organic synthesis (ORSY) |
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Abstract |
Synthetic electrochemistry agrees well with the principles of sustainable chemistry, therefore it is considered as a more environmentally friendly approach than some current synthetic methods Here, we present a new strategy for the chemoselective oxidation of vicinal diols, viz. the integration of neocuproine palladium catalysts and electrosynthesis. Benzoquinones are used as an effective mediator as the reduced species (hydroquinones) can be easily reoxidized at relative low potentials at an electrode surface. NeocuproinePd(OAc)2 efficiently works as a catalyst in an electrolysis reaction for vicinal diols at room temperature. This is a remarkable observation given the fact that aerobic oxidation reactions of alcohols typically need a more complex catalyst, i.e. [neocuproinePdOAc]2[OTf]2. In this article we describe the optimization of the electrolysis conditions for the neocuproinePd(OAc)2 catalyst to selectively oxidize diols. The suggested approach leads to conversion of alcohols with high yields and provides an interesting alternative to perform oxidation reactions under mild conditions by the aid of electrochemistry. |
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Corporate Author |
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Wos |
000408582300072 |
Publication Date |
2017-07-08 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0013-4686 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.798 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.798 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:144118 |
Serial |
5706 |
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Author |
Cabal, A.; Legrand, S.; Van den Bril, B.; Tote, K.; Janssens, K.; van Espen, P. |
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Title |
Study of the uniformity of aerosol filters by scanning MA-XRF |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
X-ray spectrometry
T2 – 17th European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS), JUN 19-24, 2016, Univ Gothenburg, Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SWEDEN |
Abbreviated Journal |
X-Ray Spectrom |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
461-466 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is an attractive analytical method to determine the level of air pollution by heavy metals. The concentration of the filter in ng/cm(2) is obtained by direct comparison of the net characteristic line intensity of an element with that of a thin film standard. As the sampled area on the filter and the area of the standard are larger than the area analysed by the instrument, the distribution of the elements on the surface of both samples and standards have to be sufficiently uniform. If this is not the case, biased concentration estimates are obtained. Two scanning macro-XRF setups with a beam diameter of similar to 0.5 mm were used to investigate the distribution of elements in (1) commercially available (Micromatter) standards, (2) in-house quartz filter standards obtained with an aerosol generator and (3) particulatematter (PM10) collected on quartz filters by a Leckel SEQ 47/50 sampler. The uniformity of the Micromatter standards was better than 2%. At least some in-house standards showed a concave distribution with less material at the edges. The maximum bias introduced by this is less than 5%. Because of the limited sensitivity of scanning XRF compared with conventional XRF, the distribution of only a few common elements like Ca and Fe could be determined reliably in aerosol filters. The distribution of some heavy elements could only be measured in filters sampled in polluted regions. In general, the loading of particulate matter over the filters was uniform. Copyright (C) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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Wos |
000409246400026 |
Publication Date |
2017-03-21 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0049-8246 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.298 |
Times cited |
4 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.298 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:145644 |
Serial |
5852 |
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Author |
da Silva, A.T.; Legrand, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Featherstone, R.; Janssens, K.; Bottinelli, G. |
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Title |
MA-XRF imaging on Rene Magritte's La condition humaine : insights into the artist's palette and technique and the discovery of a third quarter of La pose enchantee |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
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Pages |
37 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Magritte's composition La condition humaine, 1935 was found to conceal under its paint layers an entire quarter of a lost composition by the artist, until recently only known from a small black/white catalogue illustration-La pose enchantee, 1927. This study is the latest contribution to the discovery of the artist's missing painting, now known to have been cut into four parts and re-used by Magritte as the support for new compositions. Non-destructive analytical and examination methods and specifically macroscopic X-ray fluorescence (MAXRF) scanning and conventional X-ray radiography (XRR) were the two non-destructive analytical and examination methods used to study both compositions and add to the existing knowledge on the artist's palette during both periods. The first method is capable of identifying the presence and the distribution of key chemical elements present in artists' materials. In some instances elemental mapping provided useful information on the hidden painting, but conventional X-ray radiography (XRR) enabled a better visualisation of the form and paint application of the underlying composition. Furthermore, the turnover edges of the canvas reveal after over 80 years the artist's palette directly to the viewer. Additional XRF scanning of this exposed paint has confirmed and added to the existing research published to date of this lost painting, including a proposed colour reconstruction, but at the same time highlighting the need for further analytical research involving both non-destructive point analysis and the use of paint samples. |
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Corporate Author |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
000410413500001 |
Publication Date |
2017-08-04 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:145695 |
Serial |
5696 |
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Author |
De Keyser, N.; van der Snickt, G.; Van Loon, A.; Legrand, S.; Wallert, A.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606-1684): a technical examination of fruit and flower still lifes combining MA-XRF scanning, cross-section analysis and technical historical sources |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
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Pages |
38 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
This article discusses the technical examination of five flower and fruit still life paintings by the seventeenth century artist Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606-1684). The painter is known for his meticulously composed and finely detailed still life paintings and is a master in imitating the surface textures of various fruits, flowers, and objects. Macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning experiments were supplemented with a study of paint cross-sections and contemporary art technical sources with the aim of reconstructing the complex build-up of the overall lay-in of the composition and individual subjects. MA-XRF provided information on the distribution of key chemical elements present in painting materials and made it possible to recapture evidence of the different phases in the artist's working methods: from the application of the ground layers, to De Heem's characteristic oval-shaped underpaintings, and finally, the superposition of multiple paint layers in the working up of the paintings. SEM-EDX analysis of a limited number of paint cross-sections complemented the chemical images with local and layer-specific information on the microscale, providing more accuracy on the layer sequence and enabling the study of elements with a low atomic number for which the non-invasive technique is less sensitive. The results from this technical examination were in addition compared with recipes and paint instructions, to obtain a better understanding of the relation between the general practice and actual painting technique of Jan Davidsz. de Heem. Ultimately, this combined approach uncovered new information on De Heem's artistic practice and demonstrated the complementarity of the methods. |
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Wos |
000410414000001 |
Publication Date |
2017-08-14 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
5 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This work is an extension of the Master thesis in Conservation-restoration (University of Antwerp, 2015-2016) of Nouchka De Keyser. Thesis supervisors were Dr. Geert Van der Snickt (Cultural heritage scientist, AXES, UA) and Dr. Olivier Schalm (Research scientist, UA). This research was supported by the Baillet Latour fund. The authors gratefully acknowledge the involved institutes (Rijksmuseum, the Mauritshuis and KMSKA) for the opportunity to examine the still life paintings of Jan Davidsz. de Heem. A great thanks is therefore due to Petria Noble, Pieter Roelofs, Anna Krekeler, Susan Smelt, Robert Erdmann, Abbie Vandivere, Edwin Buijsen and Masayuki Hinoue. SEM-EDX measurements were performed by Katrien Keune, scientific researcher at the Rijksmuseum. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:145628 |
Serial |
5681 |
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Author |
Bottari, F.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles on boron doped diamond electrodes for the enhanced reduction of small organic molecules |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of electroanalytical chemistry : an international journal devoted to all aspects of electrode kynetics, interfacial structure, properties of electrolytes, colloid and biological electrochemistry. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Electroanal Chem |
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Volume |
801 |
Issue |
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Pages |
521-526 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
The performance of gold nanoparticles electrodeposited on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes was investigated in respect to the reduction of chloramphenicol (CAP), an antibiotic of the phenicols family. The chosen deposition protocol, three nucleation-growing pulses, shows a remarkable surface coverage, with an even distribution of average-sized gold particles (~ 50 nm), and it was proven capable of generating a three-fold increase in the CAP reduction current. A calibration plot for CAP detection was obtained in the micromolar range (535 μM) with good correlation coefficient (0.9959) and an improved sensitivity of 0.053 μA μM− 1 mm− 2 compared to the electrochemistry of CAP at a bare BDD electrode. |
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Wos |
000411847500065 |
Publication Date |
2017-08-02 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1572-6657 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.012 |
Times cited |
4 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This work was financially supported by the University of Antwerp (BOF) and the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) (project G037415N). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.012 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:146372 |
Serial |
5600 |
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Author |
Eliaerts, J.; Dardenne, P.; Meert, N.; Van Durme, F.; Samyn, N.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Rapid classification and quantification of cocaine in seized powders with ATR-FTIR and chemometrics |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Drug testing and analysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
Drug Test Anal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1480-1489 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Traditionally, fast screening for the presence of cocaine in unknown powders is performed by means of colour tests. The major drawbacks of these tests are subjective colour evaluation depending on the operator (50 shades of blue) and a lack of selectivity. An alternative fast screening technique is Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometry. This technique provides spectra that are difficult to interpret without specialized expertise and showing a lack of sensitivity for the detection of cocaine in mixtures. To overcome these limitations, a portable FTIR spectrometer using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) sampling was combined with a multivariate technique, called Support Vector Machines (SVM). Representative street drug powders (n = 482), seized during the period January 2013 to July 2015, and reference powders (n = 33) were used to build and validate a classification model (n = 515) and a quantification model (n = 378). Both models were compared with the conventional chromatographic techniques. The SVM classification model showed a high sensitivity, specificity and efficiency (99%). The SVM quantification model determined cocaine content with a root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 6% calculated over a wide working range from 4 to 99 w%. In conclusion, the developed models resulted in a clear output (cocaine detected or cocaine not detected) and a reliable estimation of the cocaine content in a wide variety of mixtures. The ATR-FTIR technique combined with SVM is a straightforward, user-friendly and fast approach for routine classification and quantification of cocaine in seized powders. |
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Wos |
000413685200001 |
Publication Date |
2016-12-17 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1942-7603; 1942-7611 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.469 |
Times cited |
9 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.469 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:139483 |
Serial |
5799 |
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Author |
Cagno, S.; Brede, D.A.; Nuyts, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Pacureanu, A.; Tucoulou, R.; Cloetens, P.; Falkenberg, G.; Janssens, K.; Salbu, B.; Lind, O.C. |
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Title |
Combined computed nanotomography and nanoscopic x-ray fluorescence imaging of cobalt nanoparticles in caenorhabditis elegans |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Chem |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
11435-11442 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Synchrotron radiation phase-contrast computed nanotomography (nano-CT) and two-and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) nanoscopic X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF) were used to investigate the internal distribution of engineered-cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) in exposed individuals of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Whole-nematodes and selected tissues and organs were 3D-rendered: anatomical 3D renderings with 50 nm voxel size enabled the visualization of spherical nanoparticle aggregates. with size tip to 200 nm within intact C. elegans. A 20 X 37 nm(2) high-brilliance beam was employed to obtain XRF elemental distribution maps of entire nematodes or anatomical details such as embryos, which could be compared with the CT data, These maps showed Co NPs to be predominantly present within the intestine and the epithelium, and they were not colocalized with Zn granules found in the lysosonie-containing vesicles or Fe agglomerates in the intestine. Iterated XRF scanning of a specimen at 0 degrees and 90 degrees angles suggested that NP aggregates were translocated into tissues outside of the intestinal lumen. Virtual-slicing by means of 2D XRF tomography, combined with holotomography, indicated presumable presence of individual NP aggregates inside the uterus and within embryos. |
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Wos |
000414887000041 |
Publication Date |
2017-10-10 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-2700; 5206-882x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
6.32 |
Times cited |
13 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This study has been funded by the Norwegian Research Council through its Centre of Excellence (CoE) funding scheme (Project 223268/F50). We gratefully acknowledge ESRF and DESY for granting beamtime and Karl Andreas Jensen for performing ICPMS analysis. We thank Erica Maremonti for supplying the phase-contrast image used in Figure ^1A. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.32 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:147383 |
Serial |
5520 |
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Author |
Lopes, F.; Lima, A.; Pires de Matos, A.; Custódio, J.; Cagno, S.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Characterization of 18th century Portuguese glass from Real Fábrica de Vidros de Coina |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
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Pages |
137-145 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
This work reports the first systematic chemical characterization of Portuguese 18th century glassware. 28 selected glass fragments, recovered from an archaeological excavation carried out in the site where King D. João V of Portugal established an important glass manufacture, Real Fábrica de Vidros de Coina (Coina Royal Glass Factory), were studied. This factory operated from 1719 until 1747, the year in which the factory was transferred to Marinha Grande. The fragments were analysed by micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (micro-EDXRF), using a portable spectrometer ArtTAX, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX). The analytical data showed that a large variety of glass types was manufactured in that factory, namely soda-lime glass, mixed-alkali glass, high lime-low alkali glass, potash glass and lead glass. In general, the composition of the glass varies according to the function of the objects. It was demonstrated that micro-EDXRF can be an important tool to characterize museum glass objects when only in situ non-invasive analytical methods are allowed. |
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Wos |
000415616700015 |
Publication Date |
2017-05-31 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2352-409x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
3 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This study was supported by FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) under the project POCI/HAR/55882/2004 and UID/EAT/00729/2013. The PhD grant SFRH/BD/ 85329/2012 by FCT to Filipa Lopes is also acknowledged. The authors are grateful to Rosario Gil and Camara Municipal do Barreiro for their help in accessing the archaeological glass collection. We would like to thank in particular Manuela Almeida Ferreira for her valuable support in this project. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:143545 |
Serial |
5500 |
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Author |
Idaszek, J.; Brynk, T.; Jaroszewicz, J.; Vanmeert, F.; Bruinink, A.; Swieszkowski, W. |
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Title |
Investigation of mechanical properties of porous composite scaffolds with tailorable degradation kinetics after in vitro degradation using digital image correlation |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Polymer composites |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
2402-2410 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Tissue engineering combines artificial scaffolds and living cells in order to reconstruct damaged tissues and organs. The biodegradable scaffolds should maintain their mechanical properties during first stages of the regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent the degradation affects the mechanical stability of novel biodegradable composite scaffolds in relation to their composition. The scaffolds were made using fused deposition modeling. They were composed of ternary composites containing poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), 5 wt% of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and 5, 15, and 25 wt% of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Scaffolds made of pristine PCL and binary composite PCL-TCP were tested as reference samples. The degradation experiment was carried out in simulated body fluid at 37 degrees C for 12 weeks. Mechanical tests were carried out in a mechanical tester. Strain was measured using digital image correlation and crossbar displacement. Chemical composition had a significant effect on initial mechanical properties and their changes during degradation. The initial apparent Young's modulus of ternary composite scaffolds was two times higher than that of PCL-TCP. Higher PLGA concentration yielded faster decrease of the mechanical properties. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences of the modulus among all tested materials although degradation of the ternary composite scaffolds was significantly advanced. (C) 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers |
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Wos |
000415812000008 |
Publication Date |
2015-10-08 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0272-8397 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:147728 |
Serial |
8127 |
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Author |
Marchetti, A.; Pilehvar, S.; 't Hart, L.; Leyva Pernia, D.; Voet, O.; Anaf, W.; Nuyts, G.; Otten, E.; Demeyer, S.; Schalm, O.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Indoor environmental quality index for conservation environments : the importance of including particulate matter |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Building and environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Build Environ |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
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Pages |
132-146 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Systems and software Modelling (AnSyMo); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
It is commonly known that the conservation state of works of arts exhibited inside museums is strongly influenced by the indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Heritage institutions traditionally record and evaluate their IEQ by monitoring temperature, relative humidity, and -more rarely-light. However, smart use of technology enables monitoring other parameters that give a more complete insight in environmental air aggressiveness. One of this parameters is particulate matter (PM) and especially its concentration, size distribution and chemical composition. In this work, we present a selection of data sets which were obtained in a measuring campaign performed in the War Heritage Institute in Brussels, Belgium. A continuous monitoring of PM concentration with a light scattering based particle counter was performed. In addition the daily mass concentration and size distribution of airborne PM was monitored by means of Harvard impactors. The chemical composition of sampled PM was inferred from the results of XRF and IC analysis. The insights from these datasets are combined with the results of traditional environmental monitoring (temperature, relative humidity and light intensity), and assessed against the recommended guidelines for conservation environments. By using an integrated approach based on the calculation of an IEQ-index, we present a straightforward methodology to evaluate and visualize the IEQ including also continuous PM monitoring. It is clear from the results of this study how including PM in IEQ analysis allows to identify potential risks for museum collections that remain invisible when only traditional parameters are considered. |
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Wos |
000417010000012 |
Publication Date |
2017-09-20 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0360-1323 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.053 |
Times cited |
10 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The study was funded by UAntwerp, Belspo Brain BR/132/A6 and BR/154/A6. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.053 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:146371 |
Serial |
5661 |
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Author |
Cristale, J.; Álvarez-Martín, A.; Rodriguez-Cruz, S.; Sanchez-Martin, M.J.; Lacorte, S. |
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Title |
Sorption and desorption of organophosphate esters with different hydrophobicity by soils |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Environmental Science and Pollution Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
36 |
Pages |
27870-27878 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous contaminants with potentially hazardous effects on both the environment and human health. Knowledge about the soil sorption-desorption process of organic chemicals is important in order to understand their fate, mobility, and bioavailability, enabling an estimation to be made of possible risks to the environment and biota. The aim of this study was to use the batch equilibrium technique to evaluate the sorption-desorption behavior of seven OPEs (TCEP, TCPP, TBEP, TDCP, TBP, TPhP, and EHDP) in soils with distinctive characteristics (two unamended soils and a soil amended with sewage sludge). The equilibrium concentrations of the OPEs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). All the compounds were sorbed by the soils, and soil organic carbon (OC) played an important role in this process. The sorption of the most soluble OPEs (TCEP, TCPP, and TBEP) depended on soil OC content, although desorption was 58.1%. The less water-soluble OPEs (TDCP, TBP, TPhP, and EHDP) recorded total sorption (100% for TPhP and EHDP) or very high sorption (34.9%) by all the soils and were not desorbed, which could be explained by their highly hydrophobic nature, as indicated by the logarithmic octanol/water partition coefficient (K-ow) values higher than 3.8, resulting in a high affinity for soil OC. The results of the sorption-desorption of the OPEs by soils with different characteristics highlighted the influence of these compounds' physicochemical properties and the content and nature of soil OC in this process. |
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Wos |
000417874400025 |
Publication Date |
2017-10-07 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0944-1344; 1614-7499 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:160642 |
Serial |
8558 |
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Author |
Vermeulen, M.; Saverwyns, S.; Coudray, A.; Janssens, K.; Sanyova, J. |
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Title |
Identification by Raman spectroscopy of pararealgar as a starting material in the synthesis of amorphous arsenic sulfide pigments |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Dyes and pigments |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dyes Pigments |
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Volume |
149 |
Issue |
149 |
Pages |
290-297 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
In this study, a combination of elemental analytical techniques (MA-XRF and SEM-EDX) were used to localize arsenic sulfide pigments within a 17th-century Dutch painting and in the stratigraphy of an 18th-century Flemish polychrome sculpture. Once located, Raman spectroscopy was used to obtain the vibrational signature of the arsenic sulfide pigments employed. By means of the latter analytical technique and due to the very distinctive Raman scattering signal of the various arsenic sulfide compounds, it was possible to identify the arsenic-based pigments as natural orpiment and amorphous arsenic sulfide. In the latter case, based on the minor bands observed and the good condition of the paint layers, it was possible to identify pararealgar, the orangey-yellow to yellow degradation product of realgar, as the initial arsenic sulfide material used for the synthesis of the amorphous pigment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that combined pararealgar/amorphous arsenic sulfide Raman spectra are reported in historical samples. Therefore, this would be the first identification of pararealgar as the starting material to produce amorphous, arsenic sulfide pigments used in artworks. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
000423246900033 |
Publication Date |
2017-10-12 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0143-7208 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.473 |
Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research is made possible with the support of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, Brussels) through the research program Science for a Sustainable Development SDD: “Long-term role and fate of metal -sulfides in painted works of art S2ART” (SD/RI/04A). The authors would like to acknowledge the owner of the Abraham Mignon painting, Cecile Glaude for her help with SEM-EDX analyses as well as Livia Depuyt, Carlota Barbosa and Athanasia Fragkou for their assistance. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Karel Palka and Prof. Miroslav Week for their help with the synthesis of the amorphous arsenic sulfide references. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.473 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:149307 |
Serial |
5648 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Peeters, J.; Steenackers, G.; Sfarra, S.; Legrand, S.; Ibarra-Castanedo, C.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G. |
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Title |
IR reflectography and active thermography on artworks : the added value of the 1.53 µm band |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Applied Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Sci-Basel |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
50 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Infrared Radiation (IR) artwork inspection is typically performed through active thermography and reflectography with different setups and cameras. While Infrared Radiation Reflectography (IRR) is an established technique in the museum field, exploiting mainly the IR-A (0.71.4 µm) band to probe for hidden layers and modifications within the paint stratigraphy system, active thermography operating in the IR-C range (35 μ m) is less frequently employed with the aim to visualize structural defects and features deeper inside the build-up. In this work, we assess to which extent the less investigated IR-B band (1.53 μ m) can combine the information obtained from both setups. The application of IR-B systems is relatively rare as there are only a limited amount of commercial systems available due to the technical complexity of the lens coating. This is mainly added as a so-called broadband option on regular Mid-wave infrared radiation (MWIR) (IR-C/35 μ m) cameras to increase sensitivity for high temperature applications in industry. In particular, four objects were studied in both reflectographic and thermographic mode in the IR-B spectral range and their results benchmarked with IR-A and IR-C images. For multispectral application, a single benchmark is made with macroscopic reflection mode Fourier transform infrared (MA-rFTIR) results. IR-B proved valuable for visualisation of underdrawings, pencil marks, canvas fibres and wooden grain structures and potential pathways for additional applications such as pigment identification in multispectral mode or characterization of the support (panels, canvas) are indicated. |
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Wos |
000424388800050 |
Publication Date |
2018-01-03 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2076-3417 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.679 |
Times cited |
4 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research has been funded by the University of Antwerp and the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (VLAIO) by the support to the TETRA project 'SINT: Smart Integration of Numerical modelling and Thermal inspection' with project number HBC.2017.0032. Furthermore, the research leading to these results has received funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) travel grant V4.010.16N and the Stimpro stimuli of UAntwerpen under project ID 32864. We would like to end with a special thanks to the MiViM research chair of Prof. Xavier Maldague and the support of the full team in supporting the preliminary measurements of this research. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.679 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:149164 |
Serial |
5677 |
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Author |
Pauwels, D.; Geboes, B.; Hereijgers, J.; Choukroun, D.; De Wael, K.; Breugelmans, T. |
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Title |
The application of an electrochemical microflow reactor for the electrosynthetic aldol reaction of acetone to diacetone alcohol |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Chemical engineering research and design |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Eng Res Des |
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Volume |
128 |
Issue |
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Pages |
205-213 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) |
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Abstract |
The design and application of an electrochemical micro-flow reactor for the aldol reaction of acetone to diacetone alcohol (DAA) is reported. The modular reactor could be readily disassembled and reassembled to change the electrodes, incorporate a membrane and remove possible obstructions. The productivity and efficiency was quantified. Using a platinum deposit as electrocatalyst or an inert glassy carbon electrode as working electrode, the maximum obtainable equilibrium concentration of ±15 m% was reached after a single pass up to a flow rate of 8 ml min−1, yielding 0.57 g min−1 DAA (3.46 mmol cm−3 min−1) at an efficiency of 0.33 g C−1 on platinum and 0.50 g min−1 (3.04 mmol cm−3 min−1) at 1.20 g C−1 on glassy carbon. Note that no optimisation studies have been made in the present paper. |
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Wos |
000424736500018 |
Publication Date |
2017-10-20 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0263-8762 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.538 |
Times cited |
2 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors would like to thank Bert De Mot for assisting with the measurements. Jonas Hereijgers greatly acknowledges the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) for support through a Post-Doctoral grant (12Q8817N). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.538 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:146943 |
Serial |
5871 |
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Author |
Kirchner, E.; van der Lans, I.; Ligterink, F.; Geldof, M.; Gaibor, A.N.P.; Hendriks, E.; Janssens, K.; Delaney, J. |
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Title |
Digitally reconstructing Van Gogh's Field with Irises near Arles. Part 2: Pigment concentration maps |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Color research and application |
Abbreviated Journal |
Color Res Appl |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
158-176 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Colors in many paintings of great art historical value have changed over time, due to the combined effects of natural ageing, accumulated surface grime, and materials added during later conservation treatments. The physical restoration of the colors in such paintings is not possible. This article describes one part of work done to digitally restore the colors of Van Gogh's painting Field with Irises near Arles, dating from May 1888. We have used multispectral reflectance data to estimate absorption K and backscattering S parameters of Kubelka-Munk 2-constant theory. This was done for all 13 pigments known to have been used by Van Gogh in this painting, and based on this the concentration maps for each of these pigments were calculated. We validated the calculated concentration maps in several ways. For some pigments, we were able to predict spots on the painting where the pigment is expected to occur in unmixed form based on visual examination. For several other pigments, the concentration maps could be shown to agree with XRF data. Finally, for some other pigments the concentration maps were supported by additional evidence from microscopic examinations, remarks in Van Gogh's letters and from early color reproductions. For the 1.7 million pixels for which multispectral data is available, the average color difference between the calculated and measured spectral reflectance curves is CIEDE2000 = 1.05. This further confirms that the Kubelka-Munk calculations are well suited to describe the variety of spectral reflectance on the painting. |
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Wos |
000424763100003 |
Publication Date |
2017-08-25 |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0361-2317 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
0.798 |
Times cited |
4 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Grant/Award Number: 323.54.004; GOA project SolarPaint of the University of Antwerp Research Council and from the Fund Baillet Latour (Brussels) ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 0.798 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:149231 |
Serial |
5576 |
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Author |
Hrdlickova Kuckova, S.; Hamidi-Asl, E.; Sofer, Z.; Marvan, P.; De Wael, K.; Sanyova, J.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
A simplified protocol for usage of new immuno-SERS probes for detection of casein, collagens and ovalbumin in cross-sections of artworks |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Analytical methods |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Methods-Uk |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1054-1062 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Although it is now relatively straightforward to identify protein binders in works of art, their proper localization within the corresponding layer still represents a significant analytical challenge. Until now, the identification of proteins has mainly been performed by peptide mass fingerprinting using mass spectrometric methods and their localization in polished paint cross-sections have been realized by optical microscopy via the use of fluorescent stain Sypro Ruby (SR). In this work we propose a simplified protocol for immuno-surface enhanced Raman scattering (immuno-SERS) using gold nanoparticles attached to biphenyl-4,4-dithiol (BPDT) as the SERS-nanotag. These nanoparticles are easily obtainable in the lab and have been used to label multilayered mock up samples prepared as cross-sections to estimate the detection limits of the suggested method. The layers contain egg, casein, and different animal glues binders (prepared in various ratios with linseed oil or a carbohydrate component) mixed with the pigments azurite, vermilion and chalk. The sensitivity of staining agent SR is compared to that of the immuno-SERS protocol for the first time. |
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Wos |
000426696100017 |
Publication Date |
2018-02-02 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1759-9660 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.9 |
Times cited |
3 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors wish to acknowledge the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) for the support to act as a Postdoctoral Fellow – Pegasus of the Research Foundation – Flanders, and the grant from Specific University research (MSMT No. 20/2017) from the Czech Republic. This work was supported by the project Advanced Functional Nanorobots (reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/ 0000444 financed by the EFRR). Zdenek Sofer and Petr Marvan were supported by specific university research (MSMT No. 20-SVV/2018). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.9 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:148803 |
Serial |
5831 |
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Author |
Singh, B.R.; Timsina, Y.N.; Lind, O.C.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Zinc and iron concentration as affected by nitrogen fertilization and their localization in wheat grain |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Frontiers in plant science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front Plant Sci |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Nearly half of the world cereal production comes from soils low or marginal in plant available zinc, leading to unsustainable and poor quality grain production. Therefore, the effects of nitrogen (N) rate and application time on zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentration in wheat grain were investigated. Wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Krabat) was grown in a growth chamber with 8 and 16 h of day and night periods, respectively. The N rates were 29, 43, and 57 mg N kg(-1) soil, equivalent to 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha(-1). Zinc and Fe were applied at 10 mg kg(-1) growth media. In one of the N treatments, additional Zn and Fe through foliar spray (6 mg of Zn or Fe in 10 ml water / pot) was applied. Micro-analytical localization of Zn and Fe within grain was performed using scanning macro-X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The following data were obtained: grain and straw yield pot 1, 1000 grains weight, number of grains pot 1, whole grain protein content, concentration of Zn and Fe in the grains. Grain yield increased from 80 to 120 kg N ha(-1) rates only and decreased at 160 kg N ha(-1) g. Relatively higher protein content and Zn and Fe concentration in the grain were recorded with the split N application of 160 kg N ha(-1). Soil and foliar supply of Zn and Fe (Zn + Fes+f), with a single application of 120 kg N ha(-1) N at sowing, increased the concentration of Zn by 46% and of Fe by 35%, as compared to their growth media application only. Line scans of freshly cut areas of sliced grains showed co-localization of Zn and Fe within germ, crease and aleurone. We thus conclude that split application of N at 160 kg ha(-1) at sowing and stem elongation, in combination with soil and foliar application of Zn and Fe, can be a good agricultural practice to enhance protein content and the Zn and Fe concentration in grain. |
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Wos |
000427034400002 |
Publication Date |
2018-03-09 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1664-462x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.298 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The research part of this master study was financed by the project “Mineral Improved Food and Feed Crops for Human and Animal Health” (Project No. 332160UA) and by a grant from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs under the Program for Higher Education, Research and Development (HERD) in Western Balkan. The financial assistance for conducting this study is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the assistance by CERAD: this study has been funded by the Norwegian Research Council through its Centre of Excellence (CoE) funding scheme (Project No. 223268/F50). This research was supported by the Hercules Foundation (Brussels, Belgium) under grant AUHA09004 and FWO (Brussels, Belgium) Project Nos. G.0C12.13 and G.01769.09. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.298 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:149859 |
Serial |
5924 |
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Author |
Vermeulen, M.; Janssens, K.; Sanyova, J.; Rahemi, V.; McGlinchey, C.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Assessing the stability of arsenic sulfide pigments and influence of the binding media on their degradation by means of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Microchemical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
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Volume |
138 |
Issue |
138 |
Pages |
82-91 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we used the semiconducting and lightfastness properties of synthetic and mineral arsenic sulfide pigments to study their stability by means of electrochemical and microfadometric techniques. A combination of these techniques shows that in the early stage of the degradation process, amorphous arsenic sulfides are more stable than both crystalline forms, while upon longer exposure time, amorphous pigments will fade more than both mineral pigments, making it less suitable. While the stability study was carried out on unbound pigments, the influence of the organic binder on the relative degradation of the arsenic sulfide pigments was investigated through a multi-analytical approach on pigment/binder mock-up paint samples. For this purpose, the formation of arsenic trioxide was assessed by micro Fourier transform infrared (μ-FTIR) spectroscopy while the influence of the binder on the formation of sulfates was studied by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray near edge structure (μ-XANES). Both techniques elucidate a higher stability of all pigments in gum arabic while the use of egg yolk as binder leads to the most degradation, most likely due to its sulfur-rich composition. In the context of the degradation of arsenic sulfide pigments, other binders such as animal glue, egg white or linseed oil show an intermediate impact. |
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Wos |
000428103000010 |
Publication Date |
2018-01-06 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.034 |
Times cited |
4 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research is made possible with the support of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, Brussels) through the research program Science for a Sustainable Development – SDD, “Long-term role and fate of metal-sulfides in painted works of art – S2ART” (grant number SD/RI/04A). We gratefully acknowledge Megane Willems (Institut Paul-Lambin) for her help with mu-FFIR analyses and realization of the mock-up paint samples. We acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at beamline Phoenix of the SLS. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.034 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:150149 |
Serial |
5482 |
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Author |
Legrand, S.; Ricciardi, P.; Nodari, L.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Non-invasive analysis of a 15th century illuminated manuscript fragment: point-based vs imaging spectroscopy |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Microchemical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
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Volume |
138 |
Issue |
138 |
Pages |
162-172 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Illuminated manuscript fragments are some of the best preserved objects of Western cultural heritage. Therefore, scholars are limited to non-invasive – often point-based – methods, to answer questions on material usage, technique, origin and previous treatments. These powerful methods yield specific information; however, the information is limited to the number of points analyzed. Imaging spectroscopies such as MA-XRF and MA-rFTIR combine specificity with the power of imaging, resulting in distribution images that are interpretable by non-spectroscopists and the public at large. In this paper the possible added value of using imaging spectroscopy is discussed. Do these methods yield the same results as an extensive point-based spectroscopic campaign and can they bring novel information? As a case study, a 15th century illuminated manuscript fragment is employed in order to explore the differences between these approaches and present an inventory of their advantages and limitations. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Wos |
000428103000019 |
Publication Date |
2018-01-05 |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.034 |
Times cited |
12 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors wish to thank Dr. Stella Panayotova, Keeper of Manuscripts and Printed Books at the Fitzwilliam Museum, for allowing technical analysis of the manuscript fragment, and Dr. Suzanne Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of Manuscripts and Printed Books, for crucial help in identifying the text on the reverse of the fragment and its significance. We also wish to thank Prof. Andrew Beeby and Dr. Catherine Nicholson for their complementary Raman analyses. The warm hospitality of the Hamilton Kerr Institute is also gratefully acknowledged. The Esmee Fairbairn Collections Fund and Cambridge University's Returning Carers Scheme provided funding for part of this research. SL and KJ acknowledge support from project METOX (contract BR/165/A6/MetOx), BELSPO, Brussels. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.034 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:151563 |
Serial |
5749 |
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Author |
van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Slama, I.; Van Zuien, E.; Gruber, G.; Van der Stighelen, K.; Klaassen, L.; Oberthaler, E.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
In situ macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning as a non-invasive tool to probe for subsurface modifications in paintings by PP Rubens |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Microchemical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
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Volume |
138 |
Issue |
138 |
Pages |
238-245 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Within the last decade, the established synchrotron- and laboratory-based micro-XRF scanning technology inspired the development of mobile instruments that allow performing in situ experiments on paintings on a macro scale. Since the development of the first mobile scanner at the start of this decade, this chemical imaging technique has brought new insights with respect to several iconic paintings, especially in cases when standard imaging techniques such as X-Ray Radiography (XRR) or Infrared Refiectography (IRR) yielded ambiguous results. The ability of scanning MA-XRF to visualise the distribution of elements detected at and below the paint surface renders this spectrometric method particularly helpful for studying painting techniques and revealing materials that remain hidden below the paint surface. The latter aspect is especially relevant for the technical study of works by Pieter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) as this highly productive seventeenth century master is particularly renowned for the continuous application of modifications during (and even after) the entire course of the creative process. In this work, the added value of MA-XRF scanning experiments for visualising these subsurface features is exemplified by interpreting the chemical images obtained on three of Rubens' key works. Special attention is given to three types of adjustments that are particularly relevant for the technical study of Rubens' oeuvre: (1) compositional changes ('pentimenti'), exemplified by results obtained on The Portrait of Helene Fourment (ca. 1638), (2) extensions to the support ('Anstlickungen.), illustrated by imaging experiments performed on the Venus Frigida (1614) and (3) Rubens' intriguing halos around flesh tones, as found amongst others in The Incredulity of Saint Thomas (1613). The ensuing insights in the paint stratigraphy and the underlying supporting structure illustrate the potential of MA-XRF scanning for the non-invasive, comparative study of Rubens' oeuvre. The results do not only augment the understanding of the complex genesis of Rubens' works of art and his efficient painting technique, but prove valuable during conservation treatments as well, as addressed in this paper. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Wos |
000428103000027 |
Publication Date |
2018-01-17 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.034 |
Times cited |
5 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.034 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:151564 |
Serial |
5657 |
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Author |
Hirayama, A.; Abe, Y.; van Loon, A.; De Keyser, N.; Noble, P.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Tantrakarn, K.; Taniguchi, K.; Nakai, I. |
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Title |
Development of a new portable X-ray powder diffractometer and its demonstration to on-site analysis of two selected old master paintings from the Rijksmuseum |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Microchemical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
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Volume |
138 |
Issue |
138 |
Pages |
266-272 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
A portable X-ray powder diffractometer (p-XRD) PT-APXRD III has been developed for onsite analysis of paintings and archaeological samples. By using a Cu anode X-ray tube and a silicon drift diode (SDD) detector, diffraction patterns with a high signalnoise (S/N) ratio can be recorded. The X-ray tube can be operated at a maximum voltage of 60 kV, which makes it possible to simultaneously record X-ray fluorescence spectra up to the high-energy region. The total weight of this instrument is 16 kg, which can be carried anywhere and the goniometer unit (5.6 kg) can be placed on a tripod for analysis of mural paintings. We brought the instrument to the Rijksmuseum in the Netherlands to examine its applicability for the analysis of oil paintings. We successfully analyzed two seventeenthcentury oil paintings by Johannes Vermeer and Jan Davidsz de Heem (copy after). Ultramarine blue, leadtin yellow type I, and Naples yellow were identified from the diffraction patterns, demonstrating the high practicality of this instrument. Furthermore, it was found from the SEM-EDX analysis of a paint cross section that the yellow pigment was applied in separate layers rather than being mixed. This diffractometer will be commercially available in the near future and will have many applications in the field of material analysis. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Wos |
000428103000030 |
Publication Date |
2018-01-04 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.034 |
Times cited |
2 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was conducted with the support of the JSPS (Tokyo, Japan)-FWO (Brussels, Belgium) bilateral exchange project. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.034 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:151565 |
Serial |
5575 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Ozen, S.A.; Ozkalayci, F.; Cevik, U.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Investigation of heavy metal distributions along 15m soil profiles using EDXRF, XRD, SEM-EDX, and ICP-MS techniques |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
X-ray spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
231-241 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
The research of soil contamination by heavy metal is an important field due to its environmental and health implications. The goal was to study the elemental mobility as a function of depth. For this reason, the distribution of heavy metals (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sn, and Pb) was investigated along soil profiles up to a depth of 15m at 9 sampling sites in the Nilufer industrial district (Bursa, Turkey). Elemental analyses were done with the Epsilon 5 energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry equipment. Particle analysis was performed with a JEOL scanning electron microscope equipped with a Si(Li) X-ray detector. The crystallographic compositions of oxide compounds in soil samples were identified by a Rigaku X-ray diffraction instrument. Different parameters such as the soil's chemical (mineralogical structure, pH, and electrical conductivity) and physical properties (the number of blows, the stiffness index, the liquidity index, the plasticity index, and the water content) were analyzed. To assess the mobility of the heavy metals, diffusion (D) and convection coefficients (?) were calculated with the finite difference method. Convection was determined to dominate the studied region. In addition, the mobility coefficient was determined for each metal. High mobilities were determined for Zn and V, moderate mobilities for Cr, Ni, Cu, and As, and low mobilities were determined for Co and Pb. The results revealed that elements had reached depths of up to 15m, causing irreversible soil contamination that may lead to environmental health issues. |
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Wos |
000430188700005 |
Publication Date |
2018-03-09 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0049-8246 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:150722 |
Serial |
8123 |
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Author |
Pauwels, D.; Ching, H.Y.V.; Samanipour, M.; Neukermans, S.; Hereijgers, J.; Van Doorslaer, S.; De Wael, K.; Breugelmans, T. |
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Title |
Identifying intermediates in the reductive intramolecular cyclisation of allyl 2-bromobenzyl ether by an improved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroelectrochemical electrode design combined with density functional theory calculations |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Electrochimica acta |
Abbreviated Journal |
Electrochim Acta |
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Volume |
271 |
Issue |
271 |
Pages |
10-18 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) |
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Abstract |
The electrochemical activation of C-X bonds requires very negative electrode potentials. Lowering the overpotentials and increasing the catalytic activity requires intensive electrocatalytic research. A profound understanding of the reaction mechanism and the influence of the electrocatalyst allows optimal tuning of the electrocatalyst. This can be achieved by combining electrochemical techniques with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Although this was introduced in the mid-twentieth century, the application of this combined approach in electrocatalytic research is underexploited. Several reasons can be listed, such as the limited availability of EPR instrumentation and electrochemical devices for such in situ experiments. In this work, a simple and inexpensive construction adapted for in situ EPR electrocatalytic research is proposed. The proof of concept is provided by studying a model reaction, namely the reductive cyclisation of allyl 2-bromobenzyl ether which has interesting industrial applications. |
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Wos |
000430369800002 |
Publication Date |
2018-03-20 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0013-4686 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.798 |
Times cited |
2 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors would like to thank Melissa Van Landeghem for her assistance with the experimental work and analysis of the data. Jonas Hereijgers greatly acknowledges the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) for support through a Post-Doctoral grant (12Q8817N). H.Y. Vincent Ching gratefully acknowledges the University of Antwerp for a Post-Doctoral grant. Sabine Van Doorslaer and Tom Breugelmans acknowledge the FWO for research funding (research grant G093317N). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.798 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:150463 |
Serial |
5652 |
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Author |
De Jong, M.; Florea, A.; de Vries, A.-M.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; Covaci, A.; Van Durme, F.; Martins, J.C.; Samyn, N.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Levamisole : a common adulterant in cocaine street samples hindering electrochemical detection of cocaine |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Chem |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
5290-5297 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre |
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Abstract |
The present work investigates the electrochemical determination of cocaine in the presence of levamisole, one of the most common adulterants found in cocaine street samples. Levamisole misleads cocaine color tests, giving a blue color (positive test) even in the absence of cocaine. Moreover, the electrochemical detection of cocaine is also affected by the presence of levamisole, with a suppression of the oxidation signal of cocaine. When levamisole is present in the sample in ratios higher than 1:1, the cocaine signal is no longer detected, thus leading to false negative results. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to investigate if the signal suppression is due to the formation of a complex between cocaine and levamisole in bulk solution. Strategies to eliminate this suppressing effect are further suggested in this manuscript. In a first approach, the increase of the pH of the sample solution from pH 7 to pH 12 allowed the voltammetric determination of cocaine in the presence of levamisole in a concentration range from 10 to 5000 μM at nonmodified graphite disposable electrodes with a detection limit of 5 μM. In a second approach, the graphite electrode was cathodically pretreated, resulting in the presence of oxidation peaks of both cocaine and levamisole, with a detection limit for cocaine of 3 μM over the linear range of concentrations from 10 to 2500 μM. Both these strategies have been successfully applied for the simultaneous detection of cocaine and levamisole in three street samples on unmodified graphite disposable electrodes. |
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Wos |
000430512200049 |
Publication Date |
2018-02-23 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-2700; 5206-882x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
6.32 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 753223 Narcoreader. This work was also supported by BR/314/PI/ APTADRU Project and IOF-SBO (UAntwerp). Alexander van Nuijs acknowledges the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) for his postdoctoral fellowship. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.32 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:149528 |
Serial |
5693 |
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Author |
De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Storme, P. |
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Title |
A mobile scanner for xrpd-imaging of paintings in transmission and reflection geometry |
Type |
P1 Proceeding |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
ACTA ARTIS ACADEMICA 2017: PAINTING AS A STORY
T2 – 6th Interdisciplinary ALMA Conference, JUN 01-03, 2017, Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
29-38 |
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Keywords |
P1 Proceeding; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
In this paper the possibilities and limitations of a non-invasive prototype of macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction scanning device employed in transmission and reflection mode are demonstrated. Contrarily to e.g. macroscopic X-ray fluorescence scanners, which gather information on the elemental level, the prototype instrument allows to obtain information on the crystallographic structure of the components. When applied to cultural heritage artefacts, it becomes possible to identify and localize crystalline pigments. Furthermore, it became clear that different information can be available depending on the geometry of the scanner components. In transmission mode information over the entire stratigraphy of the painting is gathered, which is useful to e.g. identify background substrates and major pigments. On the other hand, reflection-XRPD is a surface-sensitive technique and allows the identification of pigments and degradation products located on the surface. The data acquired during both experiments can be presented as two-dimensional distribution maps which show the spatial distribution of every identified pigment. The complementary nature of transmission and reflectionmode makes it possible to gain more insight into the stratigraphy of the painting which is valuable information for conservation and restoration scientists. |
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000430517600002 |
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ISSN |
978-80-87108-75-8 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:189869 |
Serial |
7392 |
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