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Author Moro, G.; Barich, H.; Driesen, K.; Montiel, N.F.; Neven, L.; Mendonca, C.D.; Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, S.; Daems, E.; De Wael, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Unlocking the full power of electrochemical fingerprinting for on-site sensing applications Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Analytical And Bioanalytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Bioanal Chem  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-14  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Electrochemical sensing for the semi-quantitative detection of biomarkers, drugs, environmental contaminants, food additives, etc. shows promising results in point-of-care diagnostics and on-site monitoring. More specifically, electrochemical fingerprint (EF)-based sensing strategies are considered an inviting approach for the on-site detection of low molecular weight molecules. The fast growth of electrochemical sensors requires defining the concept of direct electrochemical fingerprinting in sensing. The EF can be defined as the unique electrochemical signal or pattern, mostly recorded by voltammetric techniques, specific for a certain molecule that can be used for its quantitative or semi-quantitative identification in a given analytical context with specified circumstances. The performance of EF-based sensors can be enhanced by considering multiple features of the signal (i.e., oxidation or reduction patterns), in combination with statistical data analysis or sample pretreatments or by including electrode surface modifiers to enrich the EF. In this manuscript, some examples of EF-based sensors, strategies to improve their performances, and open challenges are discussed to unlock the full power of electrochemical fingerprinting for on-site sensing applications.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000523396300002 Publication Date 2020-04-04  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1618-2642 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.3 Times cited 3 Open Access  
  Notes ; The presented review is the result of a concerted effort and fruitful discussions among enthusiastic, young, and (for the occasion) female researchers of the AXES research group, each of them with specific expertise and background, under the guidance of the corresponding author. The authors acknowledge FWO-Flanders, BOF-UA, IOF-UA, FAPESP and EU for funding. ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.3; 2020 IF: 3.431  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:168563 Serial 6647  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Asfora, V.K.; Bueno, C.C.; de Barros, V.M.; Khoury, H.; Van Grieken, R. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title X-ray spectrometry applied for characterization of bricks of Brazilian historical sites Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication X-Ray Spectrometry Abbreviated Journal X-Ray Spectrom  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-8  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract This paper presents the results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of bricks sampled from historical places in Pernambuco, a state in the northeastern region of Brazil. In this study, twenty bricks found in historical sites were analyzed. Two bricks made in the 17th century, presumably used as ballast in ships coming from Holland, five locally manufactured bricks: one from 18th century, three from 19th century, and one from 20th century, and thirteen bricks collected from a recent Archeological investigation of Alto da Se, in the town of Olinda. Qualitative determination of the chemical elements present in the samples was undertaken using a self-assembled portable XRF system based on a compact X-ray tube and a thermoelectrically cooled Si-PIN photodiode system, both commercially available. X-ray diffraction analysis was also carried out to assess the crystalline mineral phases present in the bricks. The results showed that quartz (SiO2) is the major mineral content in all bricks. Although less expressive in the XRD patterns, mineral phases of illite, kaolinite, anorthite, and rutile are also identified. The trace element distribution patterns of the bricks, determined by the XRF technique, is dominated by Fe and, in decreasing order, by K, Ti, Ca, Mn, Zr, Rb, Sr, Cr, and Y with slight differences among them. Analyses of the chemical compositional features of the bricks, evaluated by principal component analysis of the XRF datasets, allowed the samples to be grouped into five clusters with similar chemical composition. These cluster groups were able to identify both age and manufacturing sites. Dutch bricks prepared with different geological clays compositions were defined.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000568830300001 Publication Date 2020-09-17  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record  
  Impact Factor 1.2 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors are grateful to CNPQ (Process: 305903/2011-0 and 407458/2013-1) for providing funds to carry out the present work and for supporting a visitor professor to UFPE through the program science without frontier. The authors also thank Mr. Roberto Araujo from the Center of Advanced Studies on Integrated Environmental Protection-CECI that made available the bricks to be analyzed. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.2; 2020 IF: 1.298  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:171960 Serial 6654  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Van Echelpoel, R.; Kranenburg, R.; van Asten, A.; De Wael, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Electrochemical detection of MDMA and 2C-B in ecstasy tablets using a selectivity enhancement strategy by in-situ derivatization Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2022 Publication Forensic chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 27 Issue Pages 100383  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)  
  Abstract Forensic drug laboratories are confronted with increasing amounts of drugs and a demand for faster results that are directly available on-site. In addition, the drug market is getting more complex with hundreds of new psychoactive substances (NPS) entering the market in recent years. Rapid and on-scene presumptive drug testing therefore faces a shift from manual colorimetric tests towards approaches that can detect a wider range of components and process results automatically. Electrochemical detection offers these desired characteristics, making it a suitable candidate for on-site drug detection. In this study, a two-step electrochemical sensor is introduced for the detection of MDMA and 2C-B. Firstly, a direct electrochemical analysis was performed to detect MDMA. Validation experiments on over 70 substances revealed that 2C-B was the only frequently encountered drug that gave a false positive result for MDMA in this first analysis. A second step using in-situ derivatization was subsequently introduced. To this end, formaldehyde was used for N-methylation of 2C-B thereby enhancing its electrochemical profile. The enriched electrochemical fingerprint in the second step allowed for clear differentiation between MDMA and 2C-B. The applicability of this approach was demonstrated with 71 ecstasy tablets seized by the Amsterdam Police. The MDMA/2C-B sensor correctly identified all 39 MDMA-containing tablets and 10 out of 11 tablets containing 2C-B. Most notably, correct results were also obtained for dark colored tablets in which both spectroscopic analysis and colorimetric tests failed due to obscured signals.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000725708200002 Publication Date 2021-11-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2468-1709 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.7 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.7  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:183340 Serial 7149  
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Author Barich, H.; Cánovas, R.; De Wael, K. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Electrochemical identification of hazardous phenols and their complex mixtures in real samples using unmodified screen-printed electrodes Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of electroanalytical chemistry : an international journal devoted to all aspects of electrode kynetics, interfacial structure, properties of electrolytes, colloid and biological electrochemistry. Abbreviated Journal J Electroanal Chem  
  Volume 904 Issue Pages 115878  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)  
  Abstract The electrochemical behavior of some of the most relevant endocrine-disrupting phenols using unmodified carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) is described for the first time. Experiments were made to assess the electrochemical behavior of phenol (PHOH), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 4-tert octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A (BPA) and their determination in the most favorable conditions, using voltammetric methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) in Britton Robinson (BR) buffer. Further, the usefulness of the electrochemical approach was validated with real samples from a local river and was compared to commercial phenols test kit, which is commonly used for on-site screening in industrial streams and wastewaters. Finally, the approach was compared with a lab-bench standard method using real samples, i.e., high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD).  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000741151200005 Publication Date 2021-11-14  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1572-6657; 1873-2569 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.5 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 4.5  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:184384 Serial 7150  
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Author Reggers, C.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title 2,2′-Diaminodiethylamine cellulose powder for trace metal preconcentrations from water Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1984 Publication Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 317 Issue 5 Pages 520-526  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Cellulose powder with 2,2′-diaminodiethylamine (DEN) functional groups exhibits efficient complexation of transition metal cations. Collection yields above 85 % are obtained up to a chelation capacity of 1.5 meq per gram. Since a good collection is obtained for a pH up from 5, no pH adjustments have to be made for natural water samples. The cellulose-DEN powder is insensitive to abundant substances like alkali and alkaline earth ions, and humic matter. Some cations can be eluted efficiently in a small volume of HNO3. Blank concentration levels from the cellulose-DEN powder are reported.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 2004-11-17  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0016-1152 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116640 Serial 7383  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title 2014 Award for best referee of X-Ray Spectrometry Type Editorial
  Year 2014 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages 311-311  
  Keywords Editorial; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000344178700001 Publication Date 2014-09-27  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:121210 Serial 7385  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Balashova, I.O.; Tolbin, A.Y.; Tarakanov, P.A.; Krot, A.R.; Fedorova, K., V; Sergeeva, I.A.; Trashin, S.A.; De Wael, K.; Pushkarev, V.E.; Koifman, M.O.; Ponomarev, G., V. url  doi
openurl 
  Title A covalently linked dyad based on zinc phthalocyanine and methylpheophorbide α : synthetic and physicochemical study Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2021 Publication Macroheterocycles Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 40-50  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The first covalently linked conjugate of metal phthalocyaninate and chlorin e(6) derivative has been obtained by transesterification of alpha-ketomethyl ester in methylpheophorbide a with zinc(II) 2-(2-hydroxymethylbenzyloxy)-9(10),16(17),23(24)-tri-tert-butylphthalocyaninate under mild conditions. The dyad exhibits a panchromatic nature revealing both the phthalocyanine and pheophorbide derived bands in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The H-1 NMR spectroscopy data combined with theoretical calculations indicate the presence of spatial intramolecular interactions between the phthalocyanine, pheophorbide and spacer fragments of the dyad allowing to forecast its enhanced nonlinear optical properties, as well as the characteristic energy transfer from the excited pheophorbide subunit to the phthalocyanine core. Indeed, when excited in the UV-Vis range, the conjugate shows red fluorescence with the spectral maximum at 686 nm, which is close to the one of the initial zinc phthalocyaninate. Furthermore, the dyad effectively generates singlet oxygen and, in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as biocompatible solubilizer, forms stable micellar saline solutions with the particles ranged in size between 40 and 100 nm. These nanoparticles represent promising third-generation photosensitizing systems for application in theranostics.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000659682000003 Publication Date 2021-06-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access OpenAccess  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:179196 Serial 7386  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Storme, P. openurl 
  Title A mobile scanner for xrpd-imaging of paintings in transmission and reflection geometry Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 2017 Publication ACTA ARTIS ACADEMICA 2017: PAINTING AS A STORY T2 – 6th Interdisciplinary ALMA Conference, JUN 01-03, 2017, Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 29-38  
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract In this paper the possibilities and limitations of a non-invasive prototype of macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction scanning device employed in transmission and reflection mode are demonstrated. Contrarily to e.g. macroscopic X-ray fluorescence scanners, which gather information on the elemental level, the prototype instrument allows to obtain information on the crystallographic structure of the components. When applied to cultural heritage artefacts, it becomes possible to identify and localize crystalline pigments. Furthermore, it became clear that different information can be available depending on the geometry of the scanner components. In transmission mode information over the entire stratigraphy of the painting is gathered, which is useful to e.g. identify background substrates and major pigments. On the other hand, reflection-XRPD is a surface-sensitive technique and allows the identification of pigments and degradation products located on the surface. The data acquired during both experiments can be presented as two-dimensional distribution maps which show the spatial distribution of every identified pigment. The complementary nature of transmission and reflectionmode makes it possible to gain more insight into the stratigraphy of the painting which is valuable information for conservation and restoration scientists.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000430517600002 Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-80-87108-75-8 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:189869 Serial 7392  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Adams, F.C.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title Absorption correction for X-ray-fluorescence analysis of aerosol loaded filters Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1975 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1767-1773  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1975AN45700013 Publication Date 2005-03-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:113639 Serial 7408  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Markowicz, A.A.; Storms, H.M.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title Absorption correction in electron probe x-ray microanalysis of thin samples Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1986 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 58 Issue 7 Pages 1282-1285  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1986C594100007 Publication Date 2005-03-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116524 Serial 7409  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Van Dyck, P.M.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title Absorption correction via scattered radiation in energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis for samples of variable composition and thickness Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1980 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 1859-1864  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1980KJ65700021 Publication Date 2005-03-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116516 Serial 7410  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Moropoulou, A.; Cakmak, A.; Labropoulos, K.C.; Van Grieken, R.; Torfs, K. doi  openurl
  Title Accelerated microstructural evolution of a calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) phase in pozzolanic pastes using fine siliceous sources: comparison with historic pozzolanic mortars Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2004 Publication Cement and concrete research Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 34 Issue Pages 1-6  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000224016100001 Publication Date 2003-06-20  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0008-8846 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:49510 Serial 7411  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Jacobs, L.; Buczyńska, A.; Walgraeve, C.; Potgieter-Vermaak, S.; Van Grieken, R.; et al. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Acute changes in pulse pressure in relation to constituents of particulate air pollution in elderly persons Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2012 Publication Environmental research Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 117 Issue Pages 60-67  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract An increased pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure) suggests aortic stiffening. The objective of this study was to examine the acute effects of both particulate matter (PM) mass and composition on blood pressure, among elderly persons. We carried out a panel study in persons living in elderly homes in Antwerp, Belgium. We recruited 88 non-smoking persons, 70% women with a mean age of 83 years (standard deviation: 5.2). Blood pressure was measured and a blood sample was collected on two time points, which were chosen so that there was an exposure contrast in ambient PM exposure. The elemental content of the collected indoor and outdoor PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) mass concentration was measured. Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) on outdoor PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm) were measured. Each interquartile range increase of 20.8 μg/m³ in 24-h mean outdoor PM2.5 was associated with an increase in pulse pressure of 4.0 mmHg (95% confidence interval: 1.86.2), in persons taking antihypertensive medication (n=57), but not in persons not using antihypertensive medication (n=31) (p for interaction: 0.02). Vanadium, iron and nickel contents of PM2.5 were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, among persons on antihypertensive medication. Similar results were found for indoor concentrations. Of the oxy-PAHs, chrysene-5,6-dione and benzo[a]pyrene-3,6-dione were significantly associated with increases in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. In elderly, pulse pressure was positively associated with acute increases in outdoor and indoor air pollution, among persons taking antihypertensive medication. These results might form a mechanistic pathway linking air pollution as a trigger of cardiovascular events.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000307912900008 Publication Date 2012-06-18  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0013-9351; 1096-0953 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:102569 Serial 7418  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Legrand, S. url  openurl
  Title Advanced chemical imaging of artworks Type Doctoral thesis
  Year 2021 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 315 p.  
  Keywords Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Last century the field of heritage sciences expanded beyond imagination. The inventions of X-ray radiography and infrared reflectography allowed experts to investigate paintings below the surface as well. More recent developments led to the advent of the field of hyperspectral imaging, to which the advanced chemical imaging methods, used in this thesis work, belong. These techniques not only allow to identify the components present in artworks, but also to visualize their distribution over these objects. The resulting distribution maps permit a broader public to interpret the scientific data and to relate these results with the artwork itself. During this thesis work a range of flat artworks were investigated in a non-destructive manner using mainly two macroscopic imaging techniques: macroscopic X-ray fluorescence scanning and macroscopic Fourier transformed mid-infrared scanning in reflectance mode. The resulting images were sometimes supplemented with microscopic techniques on a minute selection of samples to fully understand the layer build-up, composition and distribution of these materials over the stratigraphy. Illuminated manuscripts pushed the interpretation of the macroscopic imaging techniques: due to the impossibility of sampling, all answers had to be obtained non-destructively. Documenting masterpieces such as the Ghent Altarpiece by means of chemical imaging techniques, helped the restoration team, assisted by the international commission to make the daring decision of manually removing the non-original paint layers. Scanning stained-glass windows allowed experts to document the panels, create situation reports, identify later infills and guide the restoration process in a more efficient manner. By initially applying non-destructive imaging techniques, many of the research/conservation questions could already be answered. Based on the resulting distribution maps, only a very limited amount of sampling was required to obtain a representative set to answer the remaining questions. In most cases the combination of multiple methods was necessary to fully understand the situation. A similar trend could be seen in the research field: the collaboration between divergent disciples was often required in order to explain all observations. In order to completely break through, the scanning speed of these techniques has to increase even more in order to cover an acceptable surface in one workday. Parallel with the operational speed, the (basic) data treatment should also be streamlined more in order to allow a broader user group to access the results. Once these two improvements are carried out, these techniques become accessible to a larger public.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:176342 Serial 7420  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Artaxo, P.; Maenhaut, W.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Aerosol characteristics and sources for the Amazon Basin during the wet season Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1990 Publication Journal of geophysical research Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 95 Issue 10 Pages 16971-16985  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract As a part of the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE), aerosols were sampled in the tropical rain forest of the Amazon Basin during the Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 2B) in April and May 1987, in the wet season, when no forest burning occurs. Fine (dp < 2.0 μm) and coarse (2.0 < dp < 15 μm) aerosol fractions were collected using stacked filter units, at three sites under the forest canopy and at three levels of a tower inside the jungle. Particle-induced X ray emission (PIXE) was used to measure concentrations of 22 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, and Pb). Morphological and trace element measurements of individual particles were carried out by automated electron probe X ray microanalysis. Gravimetric analysis was performed to obtain the fine and coarse aerosol mass concentration. Absolute factor analysis was used to interpret the large data set of the trace element concentrations and to obtain elemental source profiles. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to derive groups of individual particles. The concentrations of soil dust related elements (Al, Si, Ti, Fe, Mn) were 5 times larger in the wet season compared to the 1985 ABLE 2A dry season experiment. Biogenic aerosol related elements in the fine fraction showed lower concentrations in the wet season. Fine aerosol mass concentration averaged only 2.1±0.7 μg m−3, while the average coarse mass concentration was 6.1±1.8 μg m −3. Sulphur concentrations averaged 76±14 ng m −3 in the fine fraction and 37±9 ng m −3 in the coarse fraction. Biogenic aerosol-related elements were dominant under the forest canopy, while soil dust dominated at the top of the forest canopy. Only two factors explained about 90% of the data variability for the fine and coarse aerosol fractions. These were soil dust (represented mainly by Al, Si, Ti, Mn, and Fe) and biogenic aerosol (represented by K, P, Cl, S, Zn, and the aerosol mass concentration). Source profiles showed a homogeneous aerosol distribution with similar elemental compositions at the different sampling sites. Enrichment factor calculations revealed a soil dust elemental profile similar to the average bulk soil composition, and a biogenic component similar to the plant bulk elemental composition. Total aerosol mass source apportionment showed that biogenic particles account for 5595% of the airborne concentrations. The analysis of individual aerosol particles showed that the biogenic particles consist of leaf fragments, pollen grains, fungi, algae, and other types of particles. Several groups of particles with K, Cl, P, S, and Ca as minor elements could easily be identified as biogenic particles on the basis of their morphology. Considering the vast area of tropical rain forests and the concentrations measured in this work, it is possible that biogenic particles can play an important role in the global aerosol budget and in the global biogeochemical cycles of various elements.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1990EB20200051 Publication Date 2008-02-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0148-0227; 2156-2202; 0022-1406; 0196-6928; 0196-6936; 0885-3401; 8755-8556; 0196-2256; 0747-7309; 1 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116931 Serial 7422  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Koleleni, Y.I.A.; Van Grieken, R. openurl 
  Title Aerosol composition as a function of particle size Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1993 Publication Tanzanian journal of science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 19 Issue Pages 49-61  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:55572 Serial 7423  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Van Grieken, R. openurl 
  Title Aerosol composition studies using accelerator proton bombardment Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:117458 Serial 7424  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Eltayeb, M.A.H.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Maenhaut, W.; Annegarn, H.A.J. doi  openurl
  Title Aerosol-soil fractionation for Namib Desert samples Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1993 Publication Atmospheric environment: part A : general topics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 27 Issue Pages 669-678  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1993KY38100004 Publication Date 2003-08-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0960-1686; 1878-2124 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:6247 Serial 7425  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Eltayeb, M.A.H.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Maenhaut, W.; Annegarn, H.A.J. openurl 
  Title Aerosol-soil fractionation for Namib desert samples Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1992 Publication Journal of aersol science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 23 Issue S1 Pages 983-986  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:2843 Serial 7426  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Rojas, C.M.; Artaxo, P.; Van Grieken, R. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Aerosols in Santiago de Chile : a study using receptor modeling with X-ray fluorescence and single particle analysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1990 Publication Atmospheric environment: part B : urban atmosphere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 227-241  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Between 15 January and 26 February 1987, 51 fine and coarse mode aerosol samples were collected at the Universidad de Santiago de Chile Planetarium using a dichotomous sampler. The samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence for up to 17 elements (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb). Aerosol particles were individually studied by Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) and Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis (LAMMA). The data set consisting of aerosol elemental concentrations and meteorological variables was subjected to Principal Factor Analysis (PFA), allowing the identification of six fine mode particle source classes (soil, industrial, sulfate particles, traffic, residual oil, wood-burnings), and five coarse mode particle source classes (soil, industrial, traffic, residual oil, sulfate particles). Both PFA solutions explained about 81 and 90% of the total variance in the data set, respectively. The regression of elemental mass concentrations on the Absolute Principal Factor Scores allowed the estimation of the contribution of the different source classes to the Santiago aerosol. Within the fine fraction, secondary SO42− particles were responsible for about 49% of the fine mode aerosol mass concentration, while 26, 13, 6.4 and 5.6% were attributed to wood-burning/car exhausts, residual oil combustion, soil dust/metallurgical, and soil dust/wood-burning releases, respectively. The coarse fraction source apportionment was mainly dominated by soil dust, accounting for 74% of the coarse mode aerosol mass concentration. A composite of soil dust and industrial release accounted for 13%; a composite of secondary sulfates contributed with 9%; a composite of soil dust and automotive emissions, and secondary sulfates were responsible for 4 and 0.03% of the coarse aerosol mass concentration, respectively. EPMA results are in satisfactory agreement with those from the bulk analysis and allowed the identification of eight particle types in both fine and coarse mode aerosols, pertaining to different source classes, namely soil, seaspray, secondary SO42−, metallurgical emissions and biomass burning release. EPMA also evidenced that one of the most abundant particle types corresponded to marine aerosol, having an average diameter of 0.7 μm for the fine mode and 2.2 μm for the coarse mode aerosol. LAMMA results indicate that, in fact, seaspray has been transported into the city of Santiago de Chile airshed, suffering several transformations and a sulfur enrichment. This analytical technique also provided evidence of the abundance of carbon-rich particles, which were not detected by either the bulk X-ray analysis or EPMA; they are probably due to fossil-fuel combustion releases.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 2003-08-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0957-1272; 1878-2132 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116456 Serial 7427  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Worobiec, A.; Potgieter-Vermaak, S.S.; Berghmans, P.; Winkler, H.; Burger, R.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Air particulate emissions in developing countries : a case study in South Africa Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2011 Publication Analytical letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 44 Issue 11 Pages 1907-1924  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)  
  Abstract Atmospheric aerosols were collected during the winter in Bethlehem, South Africa. The particulate mass concentrations, ambient carbon mass concentrations, and chemical composition of various particulate fractions showed that the area is highly polluted. The fine particle mass concentrations peaked at 1000 µg/m3 for PM2.5. Ambient carbon mass concentrations ranged from 20 to 40 µg/m3. Single particle analysis confirmed that the fine particle fraction was dominated by organic particles. The topographical conditions, causing a low inversion, together with the high amounts of emissions from biomass burning, result in unacceptable levels of air pollution and pose a considerable health threat to the population.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000294602300006 Publication Date 2011-08-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2719 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:91079 Serial 7429  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Van Grieken, R. openurl 
  Title Air pollution and preventive conservation in some European museums Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 2014 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 19-26 T2 - Science, Technology and Cultural Herita  
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-138-02744-2 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:126671 Serial 7430  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Leysen, L.; Roekens, E.; Van Grieken, R. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Air-pollution-induced chemical decay of a sandy-limestone cathedral in Belgium Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1989 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 78 Issue Pages 263-277  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Different trace- and microanalytical techniques were used in an extensive study to elucidate the chemical deterioration process of the sandy-limestone St Rombouts Cathedral in Mechelen, Belgium. Samples of stones, mortar joints, slates, atmospheric aerosols and gases, total and wet deposition, and water that had run down the cathedral walls, were all thoroughly characterized. At the east side, usually not exposed to precipitation, a 3001000-μm thick outer crust of microcrystalline gypsum was observed, while at the west side, this surface layer was mostly eroded away due to precipitation. At the north and south sides, the crust contains varying amounts of gypsum and calcite. The gypsum is mostly present in a bar-shaped morphology and carbonaceous fly-ash particles were rarely found in the weathering crust. Local stone characteristics seem to be extremely important in relation to the gypsum content of the crust; black samples always have a much higher sulphate content than the corresponding white samples, irrespective of the predominant direction of orientation. The relative contribution of nitrogen- and chlorine-containing pollutants to the total decay process is much smaller than that of sulphur-containing pollutants. Deposition samples collected at the site of the cathedral mostly had a pH of > 5.6, due to the neutralization of the rainwater by alkaline atmospheric constituents. Runoff water and washdown water were enriched in all ions, especially Ca2+ and SO42−, indicating that, indeed, gypsum is the most important weathering product. The suspension in deposition samples and black-well leaching water was highly enriched in silicon-containing particles, while runoff water and white-wall leaching water contained a predominant calcium-rich suspension.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1989R806400021 Publication Date 2003-09-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697; 1879-1026 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116649 Serial 7431  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Injuk, J.; Osán, J.; Van Grieken, R.; Tsuji, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Airborne particles in the Miyagi Museum of Art in Sendai, Japan, studied by electron probe X-ray microanalysis and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2002 Publication Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 18 Issue Pages 561-566  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000175643000010 Publication Date 2005-04-20  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0910-6340; 1348-2246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:39519 Serial 7433  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Horemans, B.; Worobiec, A.; Buczyńska, A.; van Meel, K.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Airborne particulate matter and BTEX in office environments Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2008 Publication Journal of environmental monitoring Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue 7 Pages 867-876  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000257425300010 Publication Date 2008-06-11  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1464-0325; 1464-0333 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:69425 Serial 7434  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Costa Dantas, C.; Da Silveira Dantas, H.; Van 't dack, L.; Van Grieken, R. openurl 
  Title Analise de solos por meio de fluorescencia de raios-X nao-dispersiva Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1981 Publication Química nova Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue Pages 110-116  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0100-4042; 1678-7064 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:111435 Serial 7438  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Trincavelli, J.C.; Van Grieken, R. openurl 
  Title Analisis cuantitativo sin estandares de particulas individuales mediante microsonda de electrones Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 273-278 T2 - Avances en analisis por tecnicas en r  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:14678 Serial 7439  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Van Grieken, R. openurl 
  Title Analyse van ferro-metalen door activering met 14 MeV neutronen Type MA3 Book as author
  Year 1973 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 128 p.  
  Keywords MA3 Book as author; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:117470 Serial 7440  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Koleleni, Y.I.A.; Van Grieken, R. openurl 
  Title Analysis of biological materials from Tanzania by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1990 Publication Tanzania journal of science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 16 Issue Pages 143-157  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116934 Serial 7442  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Nowak, J.; Nowak, D.; Chevallier, P.; Lekki, J.; Van Grieken, R.; Kuczumov, A. doi  openurl
  Title Analysis of composite structure and primordial wood remains in petrified wood Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2007 Publication Applied spectrsocopy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 61 Issue 8 Pages 889-895  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000248635400014 Publication Date 2007-08-20  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:65942 Serial 7443  
Permanent link to this record
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