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	Author	Kuppens, T.; Van Dael, M.; Vanreppelen, K.; Carleer, R.; Yperman, J.; Schreurs, S.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Techno-economic assessment of pyrolysis char production and application : a review			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2014	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	67-72
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology
	Abstract	Many organic residue streams such as pig manure are not or inefficiently used, although they can be converted into valuable materials, as well as energy, using pyrolysis. The yield of the pyrolysis products (i.e. oil, gas and char) is dependent on the process conditions and the feedstock used. Char as a soil amendment or activated carbon are interesting options for valorization of biomass residues. Here, a review is presented of the techno-economic potential of both valorization options based on literature and own experiments with wood from phytoremediation, particle board and waste from beer production. The term “biochar” is specifically used to designate pyrolysis char that is intentionally applied to soil in order to enhance its structure and fertility. Biochar applications are often also motivated by the objective of climate change mitigation. Two main disadvantages for the economic feasibility of biochar applications have been discerned. Firstly, carbon sequestration in agricultural crops and soils is not yet eligible under the Clean Development Mechanism. Secondly, the impact of biochar on crop productivity is unclear. Activated carbon (AC) seems to have interesting adsorption characteristics resulting in potentially high sales prices. A preliminary techno-economic assessment showed that AC production is preferred above oil production for wood from phytoremediation as long as the market price of 2 kEUR.t(-1) for commercially available ACs can be attained. Whenever a feedstock with high nitrogen content is available (e.g. particle board with melamine urea formaldehyde resin), even higher market prices might be attained. This study shows that valorization of the pyrolysis char might be an answer to the slow adoption of pyrolysis in commercial applications. Focus in research and development, for instance in future research with regard to pig manure valorization, should therefore be on sustainable products with high economic value and direct utilization potential.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000346540000012	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	International Conference on BioMass (iconBM 2014), 4-7 May 2014, Florence, Italy / Ranzi, Eliseo [edit.]; et al.
	Series Volume	37	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-88-95608-28-0	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127547			Serial	6265
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kuppens, T.; Van Dael, M.; Maggen, J.; Vanreppelen, K.; Yperman, J.; Carleer, R.; Elen, H.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Techno-economic assessment of different conversion pathways for pyrolysis char from pig manure			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2014	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	901-911
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology
	Abstract	The amount of animal manure that can be brought back to agricultural land is limited by legislation. Because pig manure is available in too large quantities in some areas, we investigate the techno-economic feasibility of converting it into valuable products. First, slurry is separated in water, a thick fraction and a fertilizer concentrate poor in phosphate. Then, the thick fraction is dried and pyrolyzed. Our goal is to identify the optimal pyrolysis and activation conditions for the production of biochar or activated carbon. The latter has interesting adsorption characteristics due to the presence of nitrogen. It can also be used as a soil amendment as it improves biomass quantity and quality. On top, it immobilizes toxic elements and stores carbon in the soil. Char thus has many interesting characteristics and can be valued in different ways. The economic feasibility has been explored by a first techno-economic modelling iteration. The critical factors influencing the feasibility are identified by Monte Carlo simulations for further improvement of the process design.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	22nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition : Setting the Course for a Biobased Economy, 23-26 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany : conference proceedings
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127546			Serial	6263
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	Author	Compernolle, T.; Van Passel, S.; Lebbe, L.
	Title	The value of groundwater modeling to support a pump and treat design			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Groundwater monitoring & remediation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	33	Issue	3	Pages	111-118
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics
	Abstract	A wide range of rules, algorithms, and models are available to design an effective pump and treat remediation system. Often, one refers to the effectiveness of the developed pump and treat system to demonstrate how valuable the use of a groundwater model can be. An economic valuation of the groundwater model is usually missing. This study provides a framework that puts the discussion concerning the use of groundwater models in an economic perspective. It is not only demonstrated that a more effective pump and treat system can be designed using a groundwater model, but also the economic implications of using a groundwater model are calculated. A set of economic decision rules is applied to determine the economic value of a groundwater model. It is shown that investing in a groundwater model can be economically worthwhile. The remediation time is reduced, remediation costs are saved and the property can be sold more early. These benefits outweigh the costs of developing a groundwater model, and hence a positive net benefit (NB) is determined.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2018-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:129867			Serial	6277
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	Author	Lizin, S.; Van Passel, S.; De Schepper, E.; Maes, W.; Lutsen, L.; Manca, J.; Vanderzande, D.
	Title	Life cycle analyses of organic photovoltaics : a review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Energy & Environmental Science	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Environ Sci
	Volume	6	Issue	11	Pages	3136-3149
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	This paper reviews the available life cycle analysis (LCA) literature on organic photovoltaics (OPVs). This branch of OPV research has focused on the environmental impact of single-junction bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells using a P3HT/PC60BM active layer blend processed on semi-industrial pilot lines in ambient surroundings. The environmental impact was found to be strongly decreasing through continuous innovation of the manufacturing procedures. The current top performing cell regarding environmental performance has a cumulative energy demand of 37.58 MJp m(-2) and an energy payback time in the order of months for cells having 2% efficiency, thereby rendering OPV cells one of the best performing PV technologies from an environmental point of view. Nevertheless, we find that LCA literature is lagging behind on the main body of OPV literature due to the lack of readily available input data. Still, LCA research has led us to believe that in the quest for higher efficiencies, environmental sustainability is being disregarded on the materials' side. Hence, we advise the scientific community to take the progress made on environmental sustainability aspects of OPV preparations into account not only because standard procedures put a bigger strain on the environment, but also because these methods may not be transferrable to an industrial process. Consequently, we recommend policy makers to subsidize research that bridges the gaps between fundamental materials research, stability, and scalability given that these constraints have to be fulfilled simultaneously if OPVs are ever to be successful on the market. Additionally, environmental sustainability will have to keep on being monitored to steer future developments in the right direction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000325946400002	Publication Date	2013-10-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1754-5692; 1754-5706	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	29.518	Times cited	124	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors are much obliged to both the INTERREG ORGAN-EXT project and FP7 MOLESOL project for their financial support, without which it would have been impossible to conduct this research. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 29.518; 2013 IF: 15.490
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127548			Serial	6223
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	Author	van Winsen, F.; de Mey, Y.; Lauwers, L.; Van Passel, S.; Vancauteren, M.; Wauters, E.
	Title	Cognitive mapping : a method to elucidate and present farmers' risk perception			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Agricultural Systems	Abbreviated Journal	Agr Syst
	Volume	122	Issue		Pages	42-52
	Keywords	A1 Journal article
	Abstract	Assumptions on the perceptions of risks, made in agricultural economics literature, are recognized to be over-simplistic. For example most studies assume that risks are independent and static, while in reality most risks are interlinked and dynamic. We propose an alternative method to identify and present risk perception, closer to the actual comprehension of risk by farmers. Grounded theory is used to investigate the perceptions of risk by farmers while avoiding prior assumptions. Main findings are: (i) farmers have difficulty to rank or score probability and impact of risks in a (semi)quantitative manner; (ii) farmers attach different meanings to risk, when the focus shifts between, uncertain event, probability or value at stake and; (iii) farmers perceive risks as being interrelated. Based on these findings, we propose that farmers' risk perception can be best understood as a network of interrelated notions of uncertain events, their effects and uncertain outcomes. Furthermore, cognitive mapping is suggested to elucidate and present these networks. We test cognitive mapping, exploring dairy farmers' risk perception, and demonstrate the appropriateness of this methodology for capturing the complexity and context of perceived risk. Advantages are: (i) the qualitative approach, (ii) the focus on interrelations and context, (iii) the applicability at farm level, (iv) the farmer-driven rather than researcher-driven perspective, and (v) the elucidation of the polyvalent use of the risk concept. Cognitive maps can be used as a communication tool, a risk management tool, and a tool to stimulate bi-directional learning amongst farmers, policy makers, researchers and extension agents. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000326910500005	Publication Date	2013-09-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0308-521x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.571	Times cited	27	Open Access
	Notes	; We would like to acknowledge the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology of the Flemish Government (IWT) for funding this research. Furthermore we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable input. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.571; 2013 IF: 2.453
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:112765			Serial	6168
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	Author	Compernolle, T.; Van Passel, S.; Lebbe, L.
	Title	Bioremediation : how to deal with removal efficiency uncertainty? An economic application			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal Of Environmental Management	Abbreviated Journal	J Environ Manage
	Volume	127	Issue		Pages	77-85
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics
	Abstract	Bioremediation is a remediation strategy, which has considerable strength but also certain limitations. Complex and uncertain relationships among biomass, contaminants, and nutrients lead to an uncertain level of removal efficiency. The uncertainty inherent to a bioremediation strategy should be addressed in the remediation selection process. In order to evaluate the bioremediation strategy economically, this study takes into account the reversibility of a decision. A decision tree structures the different remediation strategies, thus giving the possible courses of action open to the decision maker. The option value indicates the importance of having the possibility to reverse a previously made decision. Compared with conventional economic evaluation tools, more information to ground the selection made is revealed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000322940100010	Publication Date	2013-05-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0301-4797	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.01	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.01; 2013 IF: 3.188
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:129868			Serial	6162
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	Author	De Baere, K.; Verstraelen, H.; Rigo, P.; Van Passel, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Potters, G.
	Title	Reducing the cost of ballast tank corrosion : an economic modeling approach			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Marine structures	Abbreviated Journal	Mar Struct
	Volume	32	Issue		Pages	136-152
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays concerns the corrosion in the double hull space ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic life span of such a vessel depends primarily upon the corrosion state of its ballast tanks, while on the other hand, the position of these tanks, squeezed between the outer hull and the loading tanks, makes routine inspection and maintenance almost impossible. Today, ship's ballast tanks are usually constructed in grade A steel and protected with a standard epoxy coating, backed up with sacrificial zinc anodes. Such a construction has been applied without significant alterations for many years. However, the objective of this economic study is to compare this construction method with some feasible alternatives. The considered alternatives are: (1) an increase of the scantlings, eliminating the necessity to replace corroded steel but diminishing the cargo carrying capacity of the ship, (2) application of the novel and more durable TSCF25 coating (3), the use of corrosion resistant steel in ship construction or (4) a standard PSPC15 coating combined with lifetime lasting aluminum sacrificial anodes. After running each alternative through a cost model including an extensive sensitivity analysis, it is concluded that the durable coating and the use of lifetime lasting aluminum anodes are bound to improve the actual basic tank concept. Corrosion resistant steel becomes attractive depending upon the evolution of the international steel market.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000319643500007	Publication Date	2013-05-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0951-8339	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.052	Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.052; 2013 IF: 1.242
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:109347			Serial	6240
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	Author	Van Slycken, S.; Witters, N.; Meers, E.; Peene, A.; Michels, E.; Adriaensen, K.; Ruttens, A.; Vangronsveld, J.; Du Laing, G.; Wierinck, I.; Van Dael, M.; Van Passel, S.; Tack, F.M.G.
	Title	Safe use of metal-contaminated agricultural land by cultivation of energy maize (Zea mays)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Environmental Pollution	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Pollut
	Volume	178	Issue		Pages	375-380
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics
	Abstract	Production of food crops on trace element-contaminated agricultural lands in the Campine region (Belgium) can be problematic as legal threshold values for safe use of these crops can be exceeded. Conventional sanitation of vast areas is too expensive and alternatives need to be investigated. Zea mays on a trace element-contaminated soil in the region showed an average yield of 53 ± 10 Mg fresh or 20 ± 3 Mg dry biomass ha−1. Whole plant Cd concentrations complied with legal threshold values for animal feed. Moreover, threshold values for use in anaerobic digestion were met. Biogas production potential did not differ between maize grown on contaminated and non-contaminated soils. Results suggested favorable perspectives for farmers to generate non-food crops profitably, although effective soil cleaning would be very slow. This demonstrates that a valuable and sustainable alternative use can be generated for moderately contaminated soils on which conventional agriculture is impaired.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000320487700050	Publication Date	2013-04-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0269-7491	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.099	Times cited	30	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was funded by the Institute for the promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Flanders, Grant IWT/CLO/50702). We want to thank OVAM, as the planting and management of this site is part of a demonstration project in the context of the INTERREG-project BENEKEMPEN. Also many thanks to laboratory staff of the departments and to Pioneer and KWS for providing the seeds. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.099; 2013 IF: 3.902
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:129870			Serial	6247
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	Author	De Baere, K.; Verstraelen, H.; Rigo, P.; Van Passel, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Potters, G.
	Title	Study on alternative approaches to corrosion protection of ballast tanks using an economic model			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Marine structures	Abbreviated Journal	Mar Struct
	Volume	32	Issue		Pages	1-17
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays is corrosion in ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic lifespan of such a vessel depends, to a large degree, upon the corrosion state of its ballast tanks, while on the other hand these ballast tanks, located between the outer hull and the cargo tanks, makes routine inspection and maintenance a difficult task. Today, ship's ballast tanks are usually constructed in steel and protected with an epoxy coating backed up by sacrificial zinc anodes. Such a construction has been applied without significant alterations for many years. The objective of this economic study is to compare this construction method with some potential alternatives. The considered alternatives are: (1) an increase in structural scantlings, eliminating the necessity to replace corroded at a cost of real cargo carrying capacity of the ship, (2) application of the novel and more durable TSCF25 coating (3), the use of corrosion resistant steel in ship construction and (4) a standard PSPC15 coating combined with lifetime lasting aluminum sacrificial anodes. A cost model was used to evaluate these alternative options together with sensitivity analysis. It is concluded that the durable coating and the use of lifetime lasting aluminum anodes are bound to improve the actual basic tank concept. Corrosion resistant steel becomes attractive when the steel price becomes competitive.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000319643500001	Publication Date	2013-03-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0951-8339	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.052	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.052; 2013 IF: 1.242
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:109346			Serial	6253
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	Author	Lizin, S.; Leroy, J.; Delvenne, C.; Dijk, M.; De Schepper, E.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	A patent landscape analysis for organic photovoltaic solar cells : identifying the technology's development phase			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Renewable Energy	Abbreviated Journal	Renew Energ
	Volume	57	Issue		Pages	5-11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Organic photovoltaics (OPV) have developed into a vast research area. Progress in various directions has made it difficult to monitor the technology's precise development state. We offer a patent landscape analysis over all OPV devices, their substrates and encapsulation materials to provide an overview of patenting activity from a historical, organizational, geographical and technological point of view. Such an exercise is instrumental for private companies and research institutes aiming at both internal or external technology creation. We discuss our findings in the context of the Industrial Life Cycle model and find OPV still residing in the fluid technology development phase. Technology development is still following an exponential growth path, with the majority of patents coming from the Asian continent and in general private companies. For devices, the main technological focus can be traced back to the “H01L-031” international patent classification (IPC) main group. For the queried substrates, the most attention has gone to glass, but paper and textile have drawn significant interest too. Finally, encapsulation is found to be a less mature research field given the smaller number of patent families. The latter shows that the technology has not matured to the level where processing is carried out on a commercial scale. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000319025000002	Publication Date	2013-02-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-1481	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.357	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors are much obliged to INTERREG for their financial support of the ORGANEXT project (www.organext.org), without which it would have been impossible to conduct this research. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.357; 2013 IF: 3.361
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127551			Serial	6143
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	Author	Van Dael, M.; Van Passel, S.; Pelkmans, L.; Guisson, R.; Reumermann, P.; Luzardo, N.M.; Witters, N.; Broeze, J.
	Title	A techno-economic evaluation of a biomass energy conversion park			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Applied Energy	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Energ
	Volume	104	Issue		Pages	611-622
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Biomass as a renewable energy source has many advantages and is therefore recognized as one of the main renewable energy sources to be deployed in order to attain the target of 20% renewable energy use of final energy consumption by 2020 in Europe. In this paper the concept of a biomass Energy Conversion Park (ECP) is introduced. A biomass ECP can be defined as a synergetic, multi-dimensional biomass conversion site with a highly integrated set of conversion technologies in which a multitude of regionally available biomass (residue) sources are converted into energy and materials. A techno-economic assessment is performed on a case study in the Netherlands to illustrate the concept and to comparatively assess the highly integrated system with two mono-dimensional models. The three evaluated models consist of (1) digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, (2) co-digestion of manure and co-substrates, and (3) integration. From a socio-economic point of view it can be concluded that it is economically and energetically more interesting to invest in the integrated model than in two separate models. The integration is economically feasible and environmental benefits can be realized. For example, the integrated model allows the implementation of a co-digester. Unmanaged manure would otherwise represent a constant pollution risk. However, from an investor's standpoint one should firstly invest in the municipal solid waste digester since the net present value (NPV) of this mono-dimensional model is higher than that of the multi-dimensional model. A sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most influencing parameters. Our results are of interest for companies involved in the conversion of biomass. The conclusions are useful for policy makers when deciding on policy instruments concerning manure processing or biogas production. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000316152700062	Publication Date	2012-12-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0306-2619	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.182	Times cited	45	Open Access
	Notes	; We would like to thank the editor and the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions and insightful comments that have significantly improved the paper. Furthermore, the authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from INTERREG and the province of Limburg (Belgium). Also, we would like to thank all remaining partners of the ECP project (Eloi Schreurs, Dries Maes, Kristian Coppoolse, Han ten Berge, Bert Annevelink, Nathalie Devriendt, Erwin Cornelissen, Hannes Pieper, Pieter Vollaard, Jan Venselaar, and Hessel Abbink Spaink) for their support and contributions. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude towards the organization of the eighth International Conference on Renewable Resources and Biorefineries in Toulouse (France) for giving us the opportunity to present and thereby fine-tune our work. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.182; 2013 IF: 5.261
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127552			Serial	6145
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	Author	Jones, P.T.; Geysen, D.; Tielemans, Y.; Van Passel, S.; Pontikes, Y.; Blanpain, B.; Quaghebeur, M.; Hoekstra, N.
	Title	Enhanced landfill mining in view of multiple resource recovery : a critical review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal Of Cleaner Production	Abbreviated Journal	J Clean Prod
	Volume	55	Issue		Pages	45-55
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	In a circular economy material loops are closed by recycling of pre-consumer manufacturing scrap/residues, urban mining of End-of-Life products and landfill mining of historic (and future) urban waste streams. However, in the past landfill mining was not performed with a focus on resource recovery. This paper addresses this gap by introducing the concept of Enhanced Landfill Mining, defined as the safe conditioning, excavation and integrated valorization of landfilled waste streams as both materials and energy, using innovative transformation technologies and respecting the most stringent social and ecological criteria. The feasibility of ELFM is studied by synthesizing the research on the Closing the Circle project, the first ELFM project targeting the 18 million metric ton landfill in Houthalen-Helchteren in the East of Belgium. It is argued that Environmental Impact Assessments of ELFM projects should be wide in scope and time. Embedded in a broad resource management perspective, the worldwide potential of ELFM is highlighted, in terms of climate gains, materials and energy utilization, job creation and land reclamation. The potential is quantified for the EU-27 with its 150,000-500,000 landfills. However, for ELFM to reach its full potential, strategic policy decisions and tailored support systems, including combined incentives for material recycling, energy utilization and nature restoration, are required. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000322802300005	Publication Date	2012-05-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-6526	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.715	Times cited	144	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge the European and Flemish authorities for the funding of, respectively, the EFRO project 'Closing the Circle, a demonstration of Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM)' and the IWT O&O Project 100517. The authors acknowledge the ELFM Consortium Members, including Karel Van Acker, Tom Van Gerven, Marc Craps, Alain De Vocht, Johan Eyckmans, Maarten Dubois, Koen Sips, Luk Umans, Maurice Ballard, Lieve Helsen and Anouk Bosmans. The authors acknowledge the members of the EU ELMIRE Consortium, in particular Hans Groot, Raffaello Cossu, William Hogland and Rainer Stegmann. Finally, the authors thank the reviewers for their critical comments and suggested improvements. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.715; 2013 IF: 3.590
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127549			Serial	6195
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	Author	Van Passel, S.; Dubois, M.; Eyckmans, J.; de Gheldere, S.; Ang, F.; Jones, P.T.; Van Acker, K.
	Title	The economics of enhanced landfill mining : private and societal performance drivers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal Of Cleaner Production	Abbreviated Journal	J Clean Prod
	Volume	55	Issue		Pages	92-102
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	This paper addresses the economics of Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM) both from a private point of view as well as from a society perspective. The private potential is assessed using a case study for which an investment model is developed to identify the impact of a broad range of parameters on the profitability of ELFM. We found that especially variations in Waste-to-Energy (WtE efficiency, electricity price, CO2-price, WtE investment and operational costs) and ELFM support explain the variation in economic profitability measured by the Internal Rate of Return. To overcome site-specific parameters we also evaluated the regional ELFM potential for the densely populated and industrial region of Flanders (north of Belgium). The total number of potential ELFM sites was estimated using a 5-step procedure and a simulation tool was developed to trade-off private costs and benefits. The analysis shows that there is a substantial economic potential for ELFM projects on the wider regional level. Furthermore, this paper also reviews the costs and benefits from a broader perspective. The carbon footprint of the case study was mapped in order to assess the project's net impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Also the impacts of nature restoration, soil remediation, resource scarcity and reduced import dependence were valued so that they can be used in future social cost-benefit analysis. Given the complex trade-off between economic, social and environmental issues of ELFM projects, we conclude that further refinement of the methodological framework and the development of the integrated decision tools supporting private and public actors, are necessary. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000322802300010	Publication Date	2012-04-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-6526	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.715	Times cited	65	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.715; 2013 IF: 3.590
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127550			Serial	6266
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	Author	Van Passel, S.
	Title	Food miles to assess sustainability : a revision			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal	Sustain Dev
	Volume	21	Issue	1	Pages	1-17
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Sustainability assessment is an essential process in our aim to reach a more sustainable production and consumption pattern. This research revises the food miles concept as a guiding tool to assess sustainability. Food miles measure the distance that food travels from where it is grown or raised to where it is consumed. Three different concepts to assess sustainability are described: (i) food miles, (ii) enhanced food miles, (iii) food chain sustainability. An illustrative case study shows that there is a strong danger of oversimplification when using food miles as an assessment tool. Second, the food miles concept can be enhanced with all relevant transport externalities taking into account different transport modes and transport (in)efficiency. Third, all relevant economic, social, and ecological aspects should be taken into account. Besides transport externalities, also externalities caused by food production, food packaging, food marketing, and food consumption should be incorporated. Moreover, the trade-off with development goals cannot be neglected. As a consequence, there is a strong danger of incommensurability as the result of different sustainability model assumptions and unclear system boundaries. Nevertheless, sustainability assessment can enrich policy making and support tailored policy measures to improve food chain sustainability. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000314187900001	Publication Date	2010-07-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0968-0802	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.167	Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.167; 2013 IF: 1.692
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127553			Serial	6204
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	Author	Van Dael, M.; Van Passel, S.; Pelkmans, L.; Guisson, R.; Swinnen, G.; Schreurs, E.
	Title	Determining potential locations for biomass valorization using a macro screening approach			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Biomass & Bioenergy	Abbreviated Journal	Biomass Bioenerg
	Volume	45	Issue		Pages	175-186
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	European policy states that by 2020 at least 20% of final energy consumption should come from renewable energy sources. Biomass as a renewable energy source cannot be disregarded in order to attain this target. In this study a macro screening approach is developed to determine potential locations for biomass valorization in a specified region. The approach consists of five steps: (1) criteria determination, (2) data gathering, (3) weight assignment, (4) final score, (5) spatial representation. The resulting outcome provides a first well balanced scan of the possibilities for energy production using regional biomass. This way policy makers and investors can be supported and motivated to study the possibilities of building energy production plants at specific locations in more detail, which can be described as a 'micro-screening'. In our case study the approach is applied to determine the potentially interesting locations to establish a biomass project. The region has been limited to the forty-four communities in the province of Limburg (Belgium). The macro screening approach has shown to be very effective since the amount of interesting locations has been reduced drastically. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000308384500019	Publication Date	2012-06-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0961-9534	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.219	Times cited	23	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from INTERREG and the province of Limburg. Special thanks to our colleague Thomas Voets for his effort in making the GIS maps. Moreover, the authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.219; 2012 IF: 2.975
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127554			Serial	6178
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	Author	Compernolle, T.; Van Passel, S.; Weyens, N.; Vangronsveld, J.; Lebbe, L.; Thewys, T.
	Title	Groundwater remediation and the cost effectiveness of phytoremediation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	International Journal Of Phytoremediation	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Phytoremediat
	Volume	14	Issue	9	Pages	861-877
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	In 1999, phytoremediation was applied at the site of a Belgian car factory to contain two BTEX plumes. This case study evaluates the cost effectiveness of phytoremediation compared to other remediation options, applying a tailored approach for economic evaluation. Generally, when phytoremediation is addressed as being cost effective, the cost effectiveness is only determined on an average basis. This study however, demonstrates that an incremental analysis may provide a more nuanced conclusion. When the cost effectiveness is calculated on an average basis, in this particular case, the no containment strategy (natural attenuation) has the lowest cost per unit mass removed and hence, should be preferred. However, when the cost effectiveness is determined incrementally, no containment should only be preferred if the value of removing an extra gram of contaminant mass is lower than 320. Otherwise, a permeable reactive barrier should be adopted. A similar analysis is provided for the effect determined on the basis of remediation time. Phytoremediation is preferred compared to no containment if reaching the objective one year earlier is worth 7 000.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000304914700004	Publication Date	2012-06-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1522-6514	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.77	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.77; 2012 IF: 1.179
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:129862			Serial	6206
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	Author	Lizin, S.; Van Passel, S.; De Schepper, E.; Vranken, L.
	Title	The future of organic photovoltaic solar cells as a direct power source for consumer electronics			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Solar Energy Materials And Solar Cells	Abbreviated Journal	Sol Energ Mat Sol C
	Volume	103	Issue		Pages	1-10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	As the search for marketable photovoltaic solar cells continues, organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells have been identified as a technology with many attractive features for commercialization. Most photovoltaic technologies on the market today were improved in the consumer electronics market segment. A similar evolution has been envisioned for OPV. Hence this paper investigates consumer preferences for solar cells directly powering consumer electronics. Choice experiments were designed and responses were collected using a random sample of 300 individuals from the Flemish region (northern part of Belgium). Results allow for computation of attribute importance, willingness to pay (WTP), and simulation of theoretical market share. These measures point towards OPV being able to reach considerable market share in the long run, bearing in mind that efforts are first needed in elevating OPV's efficiency and lifetime as they most determine consumers' preferences. Price is found to be the least important product characteristic for OPV solar cells to be incorporated in consumer electronics devices. We therefore warn against generalizing attributes' importance across the boundaries of market segments. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000306044300001	Publication Date	2012-05-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0927-0248	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.784	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors would kindly want to express their gratitude towards every survey respondent and participant for their preliminary work. Also the authors are much obliged to INTERREG and the ORGANEXT project for their financial support, without which it would have been impossible to conduct this research. Last but not least, we would like to thank the reviewers for their insightful comments which allowed for fine tuning our work. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.784; 2012 IF: 4.630
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127556			Serial	6267
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	Author	De Schepper, E.; Van Passel, S.; Manca, J.; Thewys, T.
	Title	Combining photovoltaics and sound barriers : a feasibility study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Renewable Energy	Abbreviated Journal	Renew Energ
	Volume	46	Issue		Pages	297-303
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	In the light of global warming, renewables such as solar photovoltaics (PV) are important to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. An important issue regarding implementation of solar panels on large scale, is the limited available area. Therefore, it can be interesting to combine PV with alternative applications, as a ways of not requiring “additional” space. One example is a photovoltaic noise barrier (PVNB), where a noise barrier located along a highway or railway is used as substructure for PV modules. Even though a PVNB is not a novel concept, the absence of economic assessments in literature can be a barrier to their wider implementation. In this paper, a feasibility study of a PVNB in Belgium is conducted, using a cost benefit analysis including a Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. Besides purely economic aspects, also ecological benefits are monetized. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the ecological benefit of noise reduction, which is valuated using a noise sensitivity depreciation index applied to real estate prices, is of major importance in determining the net present value of the case study. On the contrary, the impact of reducing CO2 emissions seems to be negligible when expressed in monetary terms. The results suggest that the PVNB as a whole and also its separate components -.e. the PV array and the noise barrier can be profitable projects, when ecological benefits are included. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000305169400036	Publication Date	2012-04-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-1481	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.357	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.357; 2012 IF: 2.989
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127555			Serial	6170
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	Author	Ang, F.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Beyond the environmentalist's paradox and the debate on weak versus strong sustainability			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Bioscience	Abbreviated Journal	Bioscience
	Volume	62	Issue	3	Pages	251-259
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Environmentalists generally argue that ecological damage will (eventually) lead to declines in human well-being. From this perspective, the recent introduction of the “environmentalist's paradox” in BioScience by Raudsepp-Hearne and colleagues (2010) is particularly significant. In essence, Raudsepp-Hearne and colleagues (2010) claimed that although ecosystem services have been degraded, human well-being-paradoxically-has increased. In this article, we show that this debate is in fact rooted in a broader discussion on weak sustainability versus strong sustainability (the substitutability of human-made capital for natural capital). We warn against the reductive nature of focusing only on a stock flow framework in which a natural-capital stock produces ecosystem services. Concretely, we recommend a holistic approach in which the complexity, irreversibility, uncertainty, and ethical predicaments intrinsic to the natural environment and its connections to humanity are also considered.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000301561900008	Publication Date	2012-03-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0006-3568	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.378	Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes	; We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This aiticle has benefited considerably from interesting discussions (especially with Liesbet Vranken) at the 13th Belgian PhD Symposium of Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics, Brussels, on 27 April 2011. We are grateful for the financial support of the European Fund for Regional Development project 475, Closing the Circle. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.378; 2012 IF: 4.739
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127559			Serial	6160
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	Author	Maes, D.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Interference of regional support policies on the economic and environmental performance of a hybrid cogeneration-solar panel energy system			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Energy Policy	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Policy
	Volume	42	Issue		Pages	670-680
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	This paper assesses unintentional interference between different public policies promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy. The paper develops a methodology to study the interference by analysing the economic and technical behaviour of a hybrid energy system. The hybrid energy system in this case consists of an existing cogeneration unit extended with a new installation of thermal solar panels. This puts two complementary heating technologies in juxtaposition. The two technologies are supported with distinct regional support instruments in each region. The design and operation of the energy system is optimised from the point of view of the investor according to the different support instruments. The optimal configuration is analysed as well as its effect on reduced CO2-emissions during the lifetime of the project. The methodology is applied to a case-study for two neighbouring regions, the Netherlands and Flanders. The policies in the Netherlands show a beneficial synergy. In Flanders, the hybrid energy system is not interesting, indicating unbalanced high support for cogeneration in this case. From the point of view of the authorities, a more balanced regional policy as in the Netherlands provides a larger CO2-emission reduction for a smaller cost. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000301616000066	Publication Date	2012-01-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0301-4215; 1873-6777	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.14	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors would especially like to thank Davy Duelen for the excellent case-study and data collection that enabled the present paper. The help and information provided by Pierre Gijsen also made the detailed assessment possible. We are also indebted to two anonymous reviewers, whose remarks strongly improved the paper. This project has been financed by the Impulse-project of the tUL (transnational University Limburg). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.14; 2012 IF: 2.743
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127558			Serial	6220
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	Author	Meul, M.; Van Passel, S.; Fremaut, D.; Haesaert, G.
	Title	Higher sustainability performance of intensive grazing versus zero-grazing dairy systems			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Agronomy For Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal	Agron Sustain Dev
	Volume	32	Issue	3	Pages	629-638
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Although grazing of dairy cows is an integral part of dairy farming in many European countries, farmers today more often choose for zero-grazing systems, where cows are housed throughout the year. Some studies already compared grazing and zero-grazing systems for specific issues such as labor efficiency, environmental impact, or animal welfare. In our study, we perform a more integrated evaluation, considering relevant ecological, economic, and social aspects. This allows for a balanced and more complete comparison of the sustainability performance of the two production methods. We evaluated ten intensive grazing and ten zero-grazing specialized Flemish dairy farms on the use of nutrients and energy, productivity and profitability, labor input, and animal welfare. In addition, we put special effort in formulating useful management advice for farmers. Therefore, we combined a detailed analysis of the sustainability indicators with an intensive interaction and discussion with farmers and farm advisors. Results show that, on average, the zero-grazing farms performed significantly worse from an ecological and economic point of view. This fact is explained mainly due to a less efficient use of concentrates and byproducts. Social sustainability performance did not differ significantly between the two groups. As a result, the integrated sustainability performance was significantly lower for the zero-grazing group. This finding shows that a further shift from intensive grazing to zero-grazing can move dairy farming in Flanders further away from sustainability. An important advice to improve the ecological and economic performance of zero-grazing farms is to optimize cows' rations to include more forages and optimize forage production and use. More detailed site- and case-specific management advice for farmers of both groups was provided during a discussion meeting. We consider this an essential additional step to any sustainability evaluation, since progress can only be made when monitoring results are translated into practical measures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000306061800003	Publication Date	2012-01-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1774-0746	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.101	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.101; 2012 IF: 3.573
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127557			Serial	6209
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	Author	Witters, N.; Mendelsohn, R.; Van Passel, S.; Van Slycken, S.; Weyens, N.; Schreurs, E.; Meers, E.; Tack, F.; Vanheusden, B.; Vangronsveld, J.
	Title	Phytoremediation, a sustainable remediation technology? 2 : economic assessment of CO2 abatement through the use of phytoremediation crops for renewable energy production			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Biomass & Bioenergy	Abbreviated Journal	Biomass Bioenerg
	Volume	39	Issue		Pages	470-477
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Phytoremediation could be a sustainable remediation alternative for conventional remediation technologies. However, its implementation on a commercial scale remains disappointing. To emphasize its sustainability, this paper examines whether and how the potential economic benefit of CO2 abatement for different crops used for phytoremediation or sustainable land management purposes could promote phytotechnologies. Our analysis is based on a case study in the Campine region, where agricultural soils are contaminated with mainly cadmium. We use Life Cycle Analysis to show for the most relevant crops (willow (Salix spp), energy maize (Zea mays), and rapeseed (Brassica napus)), that phytoremediation, used for renewable energy production, could abate CO2. Converting this in economic numbers through the Marginal Abatement Cost of CO2 ( 20 ton−1) we can integrate this in the economic analysis to compare phytoremediation crops among each other, and phytoremediation with conventional technologies. The external benefit of CO2 abatement when using phytoremediation crops for land management ranges between 55 and 501 per hectare. The purpose of these calculations is not to calculate a subsidy for phytoremediation. There is no reason why one would prefer phytoremediation crops for renewable energy production over normal biomass. Moreover, subsidies for renewable energy already exist. Therefore, we should not integrate these numbers in the economic analysis again. However, these numbers could contribute to making explicit the competitive advantage of phytoremediation compared to conventional remediation technologies, but also add to a more sustainably funded decision on which crop should be grown on contaminated land.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000302829900054	Publication Date	2011-12-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0961-9534	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.219	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.219; 2012 IF: 2.975
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:129863			Serial	6236
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	Author	Van Passel, S.; Meul, M.
	Title	Multilevel and multi-user sustainability assessment of farming systems			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Impact Asses
	Volume	32	Issue	1	Pages	170-180
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology
	Abstract	Sustainability assessment is needed to build sustainable farming systems. A broad range of sustainability concepts, methodologies and applications already exists. They differ in level, focus, orientation, measurement, scale, presentation and intended end-users. In this paper we illustrate that a smart combination of existing methods with different levels of application can make sustainability assessment more profound, and that it can broaden the insights of different end-user groups. An overview of sustainability assessment tools on different levels and for different end-users shows the complementarities and the opportunities of using different methods. In a case-study, a combination of the sustainable value approach (SVA) and MOTIFS is used to perform a sustainability evaluation of farming systems in Flanders. SVA is used to evaluate sustainability at sector level, and is especially useful to support policy makers, while MOTIFS is used to support and guide farmers towards sustainability at farm level. The combined use of the two methods with complementary goals can widen the insights of both farmers and policy makers, without losing the particularities of the different approaches. To stimulate and support further research and applications, we propose guidelines for multilevel and multi-user sustainability assessments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000297874000020	Publication Date	2011-09-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0195-9255	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.094	Times cited	49	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.094; 2012 IF: 1.851
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:94186			Serial	6231
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	Author	Ang, F.; Van Passel, S.; Mathijs, E.
	Title	An aggregate resource efficiency perspective on sustainability : a sustainable value application to the EU-15 countries			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Ecological Economics	Abbreviated Journal	Ecol Econ
	Volume	71	Issue		Pages	99-110
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics
	Abstract	The Sustainable Value approach integrates the efficiency with regard to environmental, social and economic resources into a monetary indicator. It gained significant popularity as evidenced by diverse applications at the corporate level. However, its introduction as a measure adhering to the strong sustainability paradigm sparked an ardent debate. This study explores its validity as a macroeconomic strong sustainability measure by applying the Sustainable Value approach to the EU-15 countries. Concretely, we assessed environmental, social and economic resources in combination with the GDP for all EU-15 countries from 1995 to 2006 for three benchmark alternatives. The results show that several countries manage to adequately delink resource use from GDP growth. Furthermore, the remarkable difference in outcome between the national and EU-15 benchmark indicates a possible inefficiency of the current allocation of national resource ceilings imposed by the European institutions. Additionally, by using an effects model we argue that the service degree of the economy and governmental expenditures on social protection and research and development are important determinants of overall resource efficiency. Finally, we sketch out three necessary conditions to link the Sustainable Value approach to the strong sustainability paradigm. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000297396700011	Publication Date	2011-09-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-8009; 1873-6106	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.965	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.965; 2011 IF: 2.713
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127560			Serial	6151
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	Author	Compernolle, T.; Witters, N.; Van Passel, S.; Thewys, T.
	Title	Analyzing a self-managed CHP system for greenhouse cultivation as a profitable way to reduce CO2-emissions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Energy	Abbreviated Journal	Energy
	Volume	36	Issue	4	Pages	1940-1947
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology
	Abstract	To counter global warming, a transition to a low-carbon economy is needed. The greenhouse sector can contribute by installing Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems, known for their excellent energy efficiency. Due to the recent European liberalization of the energy market, glass horticulturists have the opportunity to sell excess electricity to the market and by tailored policy and support measures, regional governments can fill the lack of technical and economic knowledge, causing initial resistance. This research investigates the economic and environmental opportunities using two detailed cases applying a self managed cogeneration system. The Net Present Value is calculated to investigate the economic feasibility. The Primary Energy Saving, the CO2 Emission Reduction indicator and an Emission Balance are applied to quantify the environmental impact. The results demonstrate that a self-managed CHP system is economic viable and that CO2 emissions are reduced. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000289605900014	Publication Date	2010-04-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0360-5442	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.52	Times cited	19	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.52; 2011 IF: 3.487
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127561			Serial	6152
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	Author	Ang, F.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	The sustainable value approach : a clarifying and constructive comment			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Ecological Economics	Abbreviated Journal	Ecol Econ
	Volume	69	Issue	12	Pages	2303-2306
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics
	Abstract	Recently, the original benchmarking methodology of the Sustainable Value approach became subjected to serious debate. While Kuosmanen and Kuosmanen (2009b) critically question its validity introducing productive efficiency theory, Figge and Hahn (2009) put forward that the implementation of productive efficiency theory severely conflicts with the original financial economics perspective of the Sustainable Value approach. We argue that the debate is very confusing because the original Sustainable Value approach presents two largely incompatible objectives. Nevertheless, we maintain that both ways of benchmarking could provide useful and moreover complementary insights. If one intends to present the overall resource efficiency of the firm from the investor's viewpoint, we recommend the original benchmarking methodology. If one on the other hand aspires to create a prescriptive tool setting up some sort of reallocation scheme, we advocate implementation of the productive efficiency theory. Although the discussion on benchmark application is certainly substantial, we should avoid the debate to become accordingly narrowed. Next to the benchmark concern, we see several other challenges considering the development of the Sustainable Value approach: (1) a more systematic resource selection, (2) the inclusion of the value chain and (3) additional analyses related to policy in order to increase interpretative power.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000283700900001	Publication Date	2010-07-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-8009; 1873-6106	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.965	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.965; 2010 IF: 2.754
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:136760			Serial	6258
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	Author	Van Meensel, J.; Lauwers, L.; Van Huylenbroeck, G.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Comparing frontier methods for economic-environmental trade-off analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	European Journal Of Operational Research	Abbreviated Journal	Eur J Oper Res
	Volume	207	Issue	2	Pages	1027-1040
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics
	Abstract	This paper uses a mechanistic frontier approach as a reference to evaluate the ability of conventional parametric (SFA) and non-parametric (DEA) frontier approaches for analyzing economicenvironmental trade-offs. Conventional frontier approaches are environmentally adjusted through incorporating the materials balance principle. The analysis is worked out for the Flemish pig finishing case, which is both representative and didactic. Results show that, on average, SFA and DEA yield adequate economicenvironmental trade-offs. Both methods are good estimators for technical efficiency. Cost allocative and environmental allocative efficiency scores are less robust, due to the well-known methodological advantages and disadvantages of SFA and DEA. For particular firms, SFA, DEA and the mechanistic approach may yield different economicenvironmental trade-offs. One has therefore to be careful when using conventional frontier approaches for firm-specific decision support. The mechanistic approach allows for optimizing performances per average present finisher, which is the production unit in pig finishing. Conventional frontier methods do not allow for this optimization since the number of average present finishers varies along the production functions. Since the mechanistic production function is based on underlying growth, feed uptake and mortality functions, additional firm-specific indicators can also be calculated at each point of the production function.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000281107200045	Publication Date	2010-05-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0377-2217	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.297	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	; This research is funded by the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT Vlaanderen). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.297; 2010 IF: 2.159
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:136761			Serial	6171
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	Author	Compernolle, T.; Van Passel, S.; Lebbe, L.; Vangronsveld, J.; Thewys, T.
	Title	Populieren en hun bacteriën : een sanering hoeft niet altijd duur en ingrijpend te zijn			Type	A3 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Nieuwsbrief milieu & economie	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	24	Issue	5	Pages	15-17
	Keywords	A3 Journal article; Economics
	Abstract
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:140852			Serial	6237
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	Author	Van Passel, S.; Van Huylenbroeck, G.; Lauwers, L.; Mathijs, E.
	Title	Sustainable value assessment of farms using frontier efficiency benchmarks			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Journal Of Environmental Management	Abbreviated Journal	J Environ Manage
	Volume	90	Issue	10	Pages	3057-3069
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics
	Abstract	Appropriate assessment of firm sustainability facilitates actor-driven processes towards sustainable development. The methodology in this paper builds further on two proven methodologies for the assessment of sustainability performance: it combines the sustainable value approach with frontier efficiency benchmarks. The sustainable value methodology tries to relate firm performance to the use of different resources. This approach assesses contributions to corporate sustainability by comparing firm resource productivity with the resource productivity of a benchmark, and this for all resources considered. The efficiency is calculated by estimating the production frontier indicating the maximum feasible production possibilities. In this research, the sustainable value approach is combined with efficiency analysis methods to benchmark sustainability assessment. In this way, the production theoretical underpinnings of efficiency analysis enrich the sustainable value approach. The methodology is presented using two different functional forms: the CobbDouglas and the translog functional forms. The simplicity of the CobbDouglas functional form as benchmark is very attractive but it lacks flexibility. The translog functional form is more flexible but has the disadvantage that it requires a lot of data to avoid estimation problems. Using frontier methods for deriving firm specific benchmarks has the advantage that the particular situation of each company is taken into account when assessing sustainability. Finally, we showed that the methodology can be used as an integrative sustainability assessment tool for policy measures.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000269022800013	Publication Date	2009-06-24
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0301-4797	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.01	Times cited	41	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.01; 2009 IF: 2.367
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:136762			Serial	6259
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	Author	Meul, M.; Van Passel, S.; Nevens, F.; Dessein, J.; Rogge, E.; Mulier, A.; Van Hauwermeiren, A.
	Title	MOTIFS : a monitoring tool for integrated farm sustainability			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Agronomy For Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal	Agron Sustain Dev
	Volume	28	Issue	2	Pages	321-332
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics
	Abstract	Indicator-based monitoring tools are frequently applied for sustainability assessments, also in agriculture. However, many indicators focus on a rather restricted number of sustainability aspects such as economy or ecology. Moreover the choice of the indicator is rarely explained. The aim of our study was to develop an indicator-based monitoring tool for integrated farm sustainability – i.e. taking into account economic and ecological and social aspects – based on a supported vision of sustainable agriculture and using a set of relevant indicators. Hereby, specific attention was paid to aspects of communication and user-friendliness. Four methodological steps were considered: (i) translating the major principles of a supported vision of sustainable Flemish agriculture into concrete and relevant themes; (ii) designing indicators to monitor progress towards sustainability for each of those themes; (iii) aggregating the indicators into an integrated farm sustainability monitoring tool and (iv) applying the monitoring tool on a practical farm, as a first attempt at end-use validation. Stakeholder participation and expert consulting played an important part in each of these methodological steps. As a case study, the methodology was applied to Flemish dairy farms. As a result, we developed MOTIFS, a user-friendly and strongly communicative indicator-based monitoring tool that allows the measurement of progress towards integrated sustainable dairy farming systems and fits within a well-founded methodological framework. MOTIFS is based on the equality of the economic, ecological and social sustainability dimensions, and this equality is inherently built into the system. Through the applied methodology, we founded the selected themes and indicators and we avoided using indicators that are not relevant to the problem at hand.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000256235500018	Publication Date	2008-03-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1774-0746	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.101	Times cited	97	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.101; 2008 IF: 1.649
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:136763			Serial	6229
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