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	Author	Adjizian, J.J.; De Marco, P.; Suarez-Martinez, I.; El Mel, A.A.; Snyders, R.; Gengler, R.Y.N.; Rudolf, P.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bittencourt, C.; Ewels, C.P.;
	Title	Platinum and palladium on carbon nanotubes : experimental and theoretical studies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Chemical physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Phys Lett
	Volume	571	Issue		Pages	44-48
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Pristine and oxygen plasma functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were studied after the evaporation of Pt and Pd atoms. High resolution transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of metal nanoparticles at the CNT surface. Oxygen functional groups grafted by the plasma functionalization act as nucleation sites for metal nanoparticles. Analysis of the C1s core level spectra reveals that there is no covalent bonding between the Pt or Pd atoms and the CNT surface. Unlike other transition metals such as titanium and copper, neither Pd nor Pt show strong oxygen interaction or surface oxygen scavenging behaviour.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000319109900007	Publication Date	2013-04-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0009-2614;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.815	Times cited	23	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; Cost			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.815; 2013 IF: 1.991
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108706			Serial	2650
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	Author	Bittencourt, C.; Hitchock, A.P.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ewels, C.P.; Guttmann, P.
	Title	X-ray absorption spectroscopy by full-field X-ray microscopy of a thin graphite flake: Imaging and electronic structure via the carbon K-edge			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Beilstein journal of nanotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	Beilstein J Nanotech
	Volume	3	Issue		Pages	345-350
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We demonstrate that near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure spectra combined with full-field transmission X-ray microscopy can be used to study the electronic structure of graphite flakes consisting of a few graphene layers. The flake was produced by exfoliation using sodium cholate and then isolated by means of density-gradient ultracentrifugation. An image sequence around the carbon K-edge, analyzed by using reference spectra for the in-plane and out-of-plane regions of the sample, is used to map and spectrally characterize the flat and folded regions of the flake. Additional spectral features in both π and σ regions are observed, which may be related to the presence of topological defects. Doping by metal impurities that were present in the original exfoliated graphite is indicated by the presence of a pre-edge signal at 284.2 eV.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000303243400001	Publication Date	2012-04-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2190-4286;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.127	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.127; 2012 IF: 2.374
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:97703			Serial	3924
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	Author	Bittencourt, C.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Thiess, S.; Drube, W.; Ghijsen, J.; Ewels, C.P.
	Title	Study of the interaction between copper and carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Chemical physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Phys Lett
	Volume	535	Issue		Pages	80-83
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Copper deposited by thermal evaporation onto pristine and oxygen plasma treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) diffuse over the CNT surface, coalescing and forming crystalline islands. The nucleation sites of the islands are preferentially defects, and more homogeneous island dispersion was observed at the CNT oxygen functionalized surface. The presence of weakly bound oxygen atoms at the CNT surface induces the formation of CuO bonds at the Cu/CNT interface, as described through density functional calculations. Exposure to air allows further oxidation to facetted crystalline Cu2O. Oxygen plasma pre-treatment represents a promising route for homogenous disperse Cu2O nanoparticle decoration of CNTs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000303437900015	Publication Date	2012-03-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0009-2614;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.815	Times cited	27	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.815; 2012 IF: 2.145
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:97704			Serial	3336
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	Author	Guttmann, P.; Bittencourt, C.; Rehbein, S.; Umek, P.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ewels, C.P.; Schneider, G.
	Title	Nanoscale spectroscopy with polarized X-rays by NEXAFS-TXM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Nature photonics	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Photonics
	Volume	6	Issue	1	Pages	25-29
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS)1 is an essential analytical tool in material science. Combining NEXAFS with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) adds spatial resolution and the possibility to study individual nanostructures2, 3. Here, we describe a full-field transmission X-ray microscope (TXM) that generates high-resolution, large-area NEXAFS data with a collection rate two orders of magnitude faster than is possible with STXM. The TXM optical design combines a spectral resolution of E/ΔE = 1 × 104 with a spatial resolution of 25 nm in a field of view of 1520 µm and a data acquisition time of ~1 s. As an example, we present image stacks and polarization-dependent NEXAFS spectra from individual anisotropic sodium and protonated titanate nanoribbons. Our NEXAFS-TXM technique has the advantage that one image stack visualizes a large number of nanostructures and therefore already contains statistical information. This new high-resolution NEXAFS-TXM technique opens the way to advanced nanoscale science studies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000298416200011	Publication Date	2011-11-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1749-4885;1749-4893;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	37.852	Times cited	76	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 37.852; 2012 IF: 27.254
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94198			Serial	2272
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	Author	Bittencourt, C.; Navio, C.; Nicolay, A.; Ruelle, B.; Godfroid, T.; Snyders, R.; Colomer, J.-F.; Lagos, M.J.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Suarez-Martinez, I.; Ewels, C.P.
	Title	Atomic oxygen functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys Chem C
	Volume	115	Issue	42	Pages	20412-20418
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (v-MWCNTs) are functionalized using atomic oxygen generated in a microwave plasma. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profile analysis shows that the plasma treatment effectively grafts oxygen exclusively at the v-MWCNT tips. Electron microscopy shows that neither the vertical alignment nor the structure of v-MWCNTs were affected by the plasma treatment. Density functional calculations suggest assignment of XPS C 1s peaks at 286.6 and 287.5 eV, to epoxy and carbonyl functional groups, respectively.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000296205600009	Publication Date	2011-10-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-7447;1932-7455;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.536	Times cited	31	Open Access
	Notes	Iap			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.536; 2011 IF: 4.805
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:91890			Serial	174
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	Author	Guttmann, P.; Bittencourt, C.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Umek, P.; Arcon, D.; Ewels, C.P.; Rehbein, S.; Heim, S.; Schneider, G.
	Title	TXM-NEXAFS of TiO₂-based nanostructures			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2011	Publication	AIP conference proceedings	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	1365	Issue		Pages	437-440
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In this work, electronic properties of individual TiOx-pristine nanoribbons (NR) prepared by hydrothermal treatment of anatase TiO(2) micro-particles were studied using the HZB transmission x-ray microscope (TXM) at the BESSY II undulator beamline U41-FSGM. NEXAFS is ideally suited to study TiO(2)-based materials because both the O K-edge and Ti L-edge features are very sensitive to the local bonding environment, providing diagnostic information about the crystal structures and oxidation states of various forms of titanium oxides and sub-oxides. TXM-NEXAFS combines full-field x-ray microscopy with spectroscopy, allowing the study of the electronic structure of individual nanostructures with spatial resolution better than 25 nm and a spectral resolution of up to E/Delta E = 10000. The typical image field in TXM-NEXAFS measurements is about 10 mu m. 10 mu m, which is large compared to the individual nanoparticle. Therefore, one image stack already contains statistically significant data. In addition, the directional electric field vector ((E) over bar) of the x-rays can be used as a “search tool” for the direction of chemical bonds of the atom selected by its absorption edge.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York	Editor
	Language		Wos	000298672400103	Publication Date	2011-09-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:113071			Serial	3789
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	Author	Suarez-Martinez, I.; Ewels, C.P.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Thiess, S.; Drube, W.; Felten, A.; Pireaux, J.-J.; Ghijsen, J.; Bittencourt, C.
	Title	Study of the interface between rhodium and carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	4	Issue	3	Pages	1680-1686
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at 3.5 keV photon energy, in combination with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, is used to follow the formation of the interface between rhodium and carbon nanotubes. Rh nucleates at defect sites, whether initially present or induced by oxygen-plasma treatment. More uniform Rh cluster dispersion is observed on plasma-treated CNTs. Experimental results are compared to DFT calculations of small Rh clusters on pristine and defective graphene. While Rh interacts as strongly with the carbon as Ti, it is less sensitive to the presence of oxygen, suggesting it as a good candidate for nanotube contacts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000275858200053	Publication Date	2010-02-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2010 IF: 9.865
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82440			Serial	3337
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	Author	Felten, A.; Suarez-Martinez, I.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ghijsen, J.; Pireaux, J.-J.; Drube, W.; Bittencourt, C.; Ewels, C.P.
	Title	The role of oxygen at the interface between titanium and carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Chemphyschem
	Volume	10	Issue	11	Pages	1799-1804
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We study the interface between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and surface-deposited titanium using electron microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy, supported by density functional calculations. Charge transfer from the Ti atoms to the nanotube and carbide formation is observed at the interface which indicates strong interaction. Nevertheless, the presence of oxygen between the Ti and the CNTs significantly weakens the Ti-CNT interaction. Ti atoms at the surface will preferentially bond to oxygenated sites. Potential sources of oxygen impurities are examined, namely oxygen from any residual atmosphere and pre-existing oxygen impurities on the nanotube surface, which we enhance through oxygen plasma surface pre-treatment. Variation in literature data concerning Ohmic contacts between Ti and carbon nanotubes is explained via sample pre-treatment and differing vacuum levels, and we suggest improved treatment routes for reliable Schottky barrier-free Ti-nanotube contact formation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000268817800015	Publication Date	2009-05-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1439-4235;1439-7641;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.075	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes	Pai			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.075; 2009 IF: 3.453
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77939			Serial	2918
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	Author	Suarez-Martinez, I.; Bittencourt, C.; Ke, X.; Felten, A.; Pireaux, J.J.; Ghijsen, J.; Drube, W.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ewels, C.P.
	Title	Probing the interaction between gold nanoparticles and oxygen functionalized carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Carbon	Abbreviated Journal	Carbon
	Volume	47	Issue	6	Pages	1549-1554
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The interaction between evaporated gold and pristine or oxygen plasma treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is investigated. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that gold nucleation occurs at defect sites, whether initially present or introduced by oxygen plasma treatment. Uniform gold cluster dispersion is observed on plasma treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and associated with the presence of uniformly dispersed oxidized vacancy centres on the CNT surface.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000265518700018	Publication Date	2009-02-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0008-6223;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.337	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes	Pai			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.337; 2009 IF: 4.504
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77267			Serial	2717
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