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	Author	Vanraes, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	The essential role of the plasma sheath in plasma–liquid interaction and its applications—A perspective			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Journal Of Applied Physics	Abbreviated Journal	J Appl Phys
	Volume	129	Issue	22	Pages	220901
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Based on the current knowledge, a plasma–liquid interface looks and behaves very differently from its counterpart at a solid surface. Local processes characteristic to most liquids include a stronger evaporation, surface deformations, droplet ejection, possibly distinct mechanisms behind secondary electron emission, the formation of an electric double layer, and an ion drift-mediated liquid resistivity. All of them can strongly influence the interfacial charge distribution. Accordingly, the plasma sheath at a liquid surface is most likely unique in its own way, both with respect to its structure and behavior. However, insights into these properties are still rather scarce or uncertain, and more studies are required to further disclose them. In this Perspective, we argue why more research on the plasma sheath is not only recommended but also crucial to an accurate understanding of the plasma–liquid interaction. First, we analyze how the sheath regulates various elementary processes at the plasma–liquid interface, in terms of the electrical coupling, the bidirectional mass transport, and the chemistry between plasma and liquid phase. Next, these three regulatory functions of the sheath are illustrated for concrete applications. Regarding the electrical coupling, a great deal of attention is paid to the penetration of fields into biological systems due to their relevance for plasma medicine, plasma agriculture, and food processing. Furthermore, we illuminate the role of the sheath in nuclear fusion, nanomaterial synthesis, and chemical applications. As such, we hope to motivate the plasma community for more fundamental research on plasma sheaths at liquid surfaces.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000681700000013	Publication Date	2021-06-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8979	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.068	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	P.V. thanks Dr. Angela Privat Maldonado (University of Antwerp) for the fruitful discussions on Sec. III and Professor Mark J. Kushner (University of Michigan) for the interesting discussion on Ref. 198.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.068
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:178814			Serial	6794
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	Author	Vanraes, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Laser-induced excitation mechanisms and phase transitions in spectrochemical analysis – Review of the fundamentals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	179	Issue		Pages	106091
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Nowadays, lasers are commonly applied in spectrochemical analysis methods, for sampling, plasma formation or a combination of both. Despite the numerous investigations that have been performed on these applications, the underlying processes are still insufficiently understood. In order to fasten progress in the field and in honor of the lifework of professor Rick Russo, we here provide a brief overview of the fundamental mechanisms in lasermatter interaction as proposed in literature, and throw the spotlight on some aspects that have not received much attention yet. For an organized discussion, we choose laser ablation, laser desorption and the associated gaseous plasma formation as the central processes in this perspective article, based on a classification of the laserbased spectrochemical analysis techniques and the corresponding laser-matter interaction regimes. First, we put the looking glass over the excitation and thermalization mechanisms in the laser-irradiated condensed phase, for which we propose the so-called multi-plasma model. This novel model can be understood as an extension of the well-known two-temperature model, featuring multiple thermodynamic dimensions, each of which corresponds to a quasi-particle type. Next, the focus is placed on the mass transfer and ionization mechanisms, after which we shortly highlight the possible role of anisotropic and magnetic effects in the laser-excited material. We hope this perspective article motivates more fundamental research on laser-matter interaction, as a continuation of the lifework of Rick Russo.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000631868700005	Publication Date	2021-03-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	University of Antwerp; We acknowledge funding by a University of Antwerp BOF grant and by a University of Antwerp Methusalem grant.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:176876			Serial	6710
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	Author	Vanraes, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Plasma physics of liquids—A focused review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Applied physics reviews	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Rev
	Volume	5	Issue	3	Pages	031103
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The interaction of plasma with liquids has led to various established industrial implementations as well as promising applications, including high-voltage switching, chemical analysis, nanomaterial synthesis, and plasma medicine. Along with these numerous accomplishments, the physics of plasma in liquid or in contact with a liquid surface has emerged as a bipartite research field, for which we introduce here the term “plasma physics of liquids.” Despite the intensive research investments during the recent decennia, this field is plagued by some controversies and gaps in knowledge, which might restrict further progress. The main difficulties in understanding revolve around the basic mechanisms of plasma initiation in the liquid phase and the electrical interactions at a plasma-liquid interface, which require an interdisciplinary approach. This review aims to provide the wide applied physics community with a general overview of the field, as well as the opportunities for interdisciplinary research on topics, such as nanobubbles and the floating water bridge, and involving the research domains of amorphous semiconductors, solid state physics, thermodynamics, material science, analytical chemistry, electrochemistry, and molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, we provoke awareness of experts in the field on yet underappreciated question marks. Accordingly, a strategy for future experimental and simulation work is proposed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000446117000003	Publication Date	2018-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1931-9401	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.667	Times cited	33	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	P. Vanraes acknowledges funding by a University of Antwerp BOF grant. The authors express their gratitude to Professor Dr. Peter Bruggeman (University of Minnesota, USA) for very useful comments on a draft of Sec. III C. P. Vanraes is very grateful to Professor Dr. Lars Pettersson (Stockholm University, Sweden) for the interesting discussions on the microscopic structure of water, to Dr. Xiaolong Deng (National University of Defense Technology, China) for his help with the figures, to Dr. Anton Nikiforov (Ghent University, Belgium) for the help with retrieving the relevant chapter of Ref. 319, and to Dr. Tatiana Nikitenko (Vitebst State Masherov University, Belarus), Katja Nygard (Netherlands), Iryna Kuchakova (Ghent University, Belgium), and Mindaugas Kersys (Lithuania) for their tremendous help with the translation of the corresponding chapter.			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.667
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:152823			Serial	5001
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