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	Author	Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Awards for best referees of X-ray Spectrometry			Type	Editorial
	Year	2014	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	43	Issue	2	Pages	68-69
	Keywords	Editorial; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2014-02-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:114471			Serial	7542
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vanmeert, F.; Mudronja, D.; Fazinic, S.; Janssens, K.; Tibljas, D.
	Title	Semi-quantitative analysis of the formation of a calcium oxalate protective layer for monumental limestone using combined micro-XRF and micro-XRPD			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	42	Issue	4	Pages	256-261
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A current method for the protection of cretaceous limestone present in various monuments consists of performing a passivating treatment with ammonium oxalate (AmOx). A calcium oxalate protective layer is formed on the surface and enhances the acid resistance of the stone. The in-depth formation of the calcium oxalate layer was investigated on cross sections by using combined micro X-ray fluorescence and micro X-ray powder diffraction (mu XRF/mu XRPD). XRPD showed the presence of both whewellite and weddellite in the calcite stone matrix. A correction was made for sample misalignment, which was visible in both the fluorescence and the diffraction line measurements. A semi-quantitative analysis was performed on the basis of Klug's equation for a two-phase mixture (the presence of weddellite was neglected) without the need for a known reference sample. By assuming two extreme compositions for a reference weight fraction (1 and 99wt%), it was possible to obtain whewellite concentration profiles, which can be used for comparing the effectiveness of different methods for the application of AmOx to the stone surface and the effect of treatment time and AmOx concentration used. It is shown that for the relative amounts of whewellite formed, the differences due to the assumed weight fractions are smaller than the errors due to sample heterogeneity and preferred orientation. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000320727900015	Publication Date	2013-05-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors would like to thank De Nolf W. for his valuable feedback on the analysis of the X-ray diffraction data. We acknowledge SOLEIL for provision of SR facilities (proposal ID 20100979), and we would like to thank Dr. C. Mocuta for his assistance at the DIFFABS beamline. This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. The EU Community's FP7 Research Infrastructures program for the CHARISMA Project (grant agreement 228330) and, within framework in particular, the access possibilities to the SOLEIL and IPANEMA facilities are also acknowledged. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2013 IF: 1.187
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:109579			Serial	5827
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Editorial : introducing Dr Markowicz as X-Ray Spectrometry's new associate editor for Europe			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue	4	Pages	175
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000320727900001	Publication Date	2013-06-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:108738			Serial	7832
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.
	Title	New members of the editorial board of X-ray Spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue	1	Pages	1-2
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000314971600001	Publication Date	2012-12-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:104627			Serial	8301
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Editorial : award for best X-Ray Spectrometry referee during 2011-2012			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	42	Issue	1	Pages	3
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000314971600002	Publication Date	2012-12-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:104628			Serial	7830
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vekemans, B.; Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Adams, F.; van Espen, P.
	Title	Analysis of X-ray spectra by iterative least squares (AXIL): new developments			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1994	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	23	Issue		Pages	278-285
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1994QF68500008	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:8933			Serial	5471
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Trincavelli, J.; Montoro, S.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	M\alpha/L\alpha intensity ratios for Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb and Bi for electron energies in the 11-40 keV range			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1993	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	22	Issue		Pages	372-376
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract	Both energy- and wavelength-dispersive systems were used to obtain Malpha/Lalpha intensity ratios for Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb and Bi at various overvoltages. A table of these ratios corrected for matrix absorption and detector efficiency is presented, in addition to an interpolatory function of Malpha/Lalpha generated ratios vs. overvoltage, for each element. In addition, three different ZAF correction models were used to predict both detected and generated ratios. Finally, experimental Mbeta/Malpha ratios measured at different overvoltages are presented for the six elements considered.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1993MB01200008	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:6221			Serial	8649
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; van Espen, P.; Adams, F.
	Title	Monte Carlo simulation of conventional and synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1993	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	22	Issue		Pages	234-243
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1993LQ04200011	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:6117			Serial	5736
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Injuk, J.; van Malderen, H.; Van Grieken, R.; Swietlicki, E.; Knox, J.M.; Schofield, R.
	Title	EDXRS study of aerosol composition variations in air masses crossing the North Sea			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1993	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	22	Issue		Pages	220-228
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1993LQ04200009	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:6258			Serial	7836
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.; Markowicz, A.; Veny, P.
	Title	Current trends in the literature on X-ray emission spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1991	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	20	Issue		Pages	271-276
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1991HC15900003	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:665			Serial	7746
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Muia, L.M.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Use of theoretical accurate binary influence coefficients with Tertian's equation in X-ray fluorescence analysis of silicate rocks in borax glass beads			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	19	Issue	3	Pages	141-144
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A study of the suitability of the Tertian algorithm using new accurate binary influence coefficients and a comparison standard for x-ray fluorescence analysis of geological materials prepared as borax glass beads was performed. The algorithm was found to give satisfactory results for the analysis of four major components in geological materials. Even in the worst case, when there is a factor of 20 difference in the concentration in the specimen and a comparison standard, the algorithm gives results which differ from the true results by a factor of about 2. This makes the algorithm attractive as a diagnostic tool in analyses of unknown specimens and in the identification of appropriate standards. The binary coefficients are easily calculated so that the algorithm can be implemented on a minicomputer.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1990DJ47800009	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116492			Serial	8725
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Araujo, M.F.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Determination of sample thickness via scattered radiation in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with filtered continuum excitation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	19	Issue	1	Pages	29-33
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract	A semi-empirical approach is described for determining the mass per unit area of a sample being analysed. The method can be used to estimate the concentration of minor and trace elements in matrices containing a substantial amount of light elements. The procedure utilizes the coherently and incoherently scattered radiation induced in the sample by the filtered continuum radiation of a rhodium x-ray tube. The relationship between the intensity of the scattered radiation per unit mass and the average atomic number of the sample is established via calibration graphs, which can be applied for different x-ray tube voltages and for different primary beam filters. The overall procedure was validated by the analysis of several geological standards, deposited as thin slurries of unknown thickness either on Mylar foil or on Nuclepore filters.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1990CU24700005	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116491			Serial	7787
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Muia, L.M.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Theoretical evaluation of the effective alpha and De Jongh approaches in X-ray fluorescence analysis of geological materials in borax glass beads			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1989	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	18	Issue	6	Pages	259-262
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	An evaluation of the accuracy and suitability of the LachanceTraill algorithm using effective α-coefficients, and the De Jongh α approach for x-ray fluorescence analysis of borax glass beads prepared from geological material was performed. By using theoretical α-coefficients obtained from the same standard and calculated elemental intensities, the two algorithms were compared under identical conditions. When only the monitor standard is used, the LachanceTrail1 approach is found to be inferior to the De Jongh basic α method. If multi-standard calibration is performed for both approaches, the accuracies are almost identical and no significant difference is found in the results. The LachanceTraill algorithm has the advantage of being easier to implement on a minicomputer and, when used without standards, it is found to give results within a few percent of the true values, which is a useful indicator in the choice of appropriate standards for more accurate analytical work.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1989CE70800002	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116490			Serial	8660
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Storms, H.M.; Janssens, K.H.; Török, S.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Evaluation of the ArmstrongBuseck correction for automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis of particles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1989	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	18	Issue	2	Pages	45-52
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The ArmstrongBuseck correction for absorption effects in electron probe x-ray microanalysis of particles considers seven specific particle shapes, and for these geometries exact correction equations are used. This procedure implies that the analyst has to associate the particle to be analysed with a certain particle type; an arbitrary relative thickness is sometimes assumed. A theoretical study was made of this absorption correction as a function of the particle composition, type and thickness for micrometre-sized particles. It appears that a correct choice of the particle type is critical. However, when the analytical results are normalized to 100%, the differences between the models are much less pronounced, and it is justified to assume a spherical model in all cases.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1989U261400001	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116489			Serial	5616
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Dyck, P.; Török, S.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Monte Carlo simulation of backscattered peaks in secondary target energy-dispersive X-ray spectra			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue	4	Pages	231-238
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A Monte Carlo simulation has been developed to describe the incoherent and coherent scatter processes for the complex geometry of a secondary target energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence system. Photons are followed from the x-ray tube anode until the detection of scattered secondary target photons in the active Si layer of the detector. The program quantitatively shows the broadening of the incoherent scatter peak with increasing atomic number, and it models the incoherent peak shape adequately. The incoherent-to-coherent scatter intensity ratios obtained differ by 1030% from the theoretical values, while their dependence on the sample atomic number corresponds to that expected from theory.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1986E535600001	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113612			Serial	8280
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Evaluation of an equation for bremsstrahlung background in electron-probe X-ray microanalysis of composite samples			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	131-133
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A new equation for predicting the generated bremsstrahlung background intensity in electron-probe x-ray microanalysis has been verified experimentally. This equation is applicable to all bulk composite specimens and reduces to Kramers' equation for pure elements only. The experimental verification has been carried out for Al2O3, Fe2O3 and ZrO2 with radiation energies from 4.2 to 14.8 keV. The predicted bremsstrahlung intensities are in good agreement with the experimental data.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1986C017300009	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113873			Serial	7937
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	A simple absorption correction for electron probe X-ray microanalysis of bulk samples			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	115-119
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A simple procedure is proposed for the calculation of the absorption correction factor in electron-probe x-ray microanalysis. It is based on the concept of an effective depth of x-ray production, assuming a rectangular depth distribution function for x-ray generation. This effective x-ray production depth is expressed as a fraction of the x-ray excitation depth given by Whelan's expression. Adequate values for this fraction are presented. Two versions are considered. In the first the effective x-ray production is a function of both the characteristic x-ray energy and the atomic numbers of the matrix elements, whereas in the second one, which is indicated for routine use, the energy dependence is neglected. Calculations pointed to satisfactory results, even for low x-ray energies and high overvoltages.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1986C017300007	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113872			Serial	8524
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Labrecque, J.J.; Beusen, J.M.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Determination of barium, lanthanum, cerium and neodymium in lateritic materials by various energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence techniques and neutron activation analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue	1	Pages	13-18
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A comparison of four methods for the determination of barium, lanthanum, cerium and neodymium in lateritic materials from Brazil is presented. Three of the methods were based on x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy: two by radioisotope excitation (Co-57 and Am-241) and one by secondary target XRF (a molybdenum target with a tungsten anode). The other method was based on neutron activation analysis employing both a Ge(Li) coaxial detector and a high-purity germanium detector. The results from these four methods were similar for lanthanum, cerium and neodymium, but for barium at low concentrations (<500 ppm) the neutron activation and the secondary target XRF methods were not suitable. Data on the precision and accuracy of these methods using a series of standard reference rocks are given. The advantages and limitations of each of these methods with respect to the analysis of lateritic materials are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1986AYN6000003	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116487			Serial	7774
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Török, S.; Braun, T.; Van Dyck, P.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Heterogeneity effects in direct XRF analysis of traces of heavy metals preconcentrated on polyurethane foam sorbents			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue	1	Pages	7-11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Trace amounts of heavy metals were preconcentrated on discs of polyurethane (PU) foam loaded with ammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), to increase the sensitivity of XRF. Since the diameter of the cavities in the open-cell PU foams reaches 30300 μm, considerable heterogeneity effects might occur, which could reduce the accuracy of the method. The possible systematic error introduced by considering the sample to be homogeneous is calculated using the Berry et al. model. The calculations show that the underestimation of the absorption correction factor when considering the sample as being homogeneous is less than 2% for high-Z elements when the sample thickness is at least 2 mm. The detection limits are also around the minima for this thickness.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1986AYN6000002	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116488			Serial	8030
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Dyck, P.; Markowicz, A.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Influence of sample thickness, excitation energy and geometry on particle size effects in XRF			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1985	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	14	Issue	4	Pages	183-187
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Expressions are presented for calculating the matrix effect and the pure particle size effect in the XRF analysis of particulate samples with a discrete particle size. The equations are based on the absorption-weighted radiometric diameter concept. Two excitationdetection geometries are considered, with the angles between the sample plane and both the incident and emerging radiation being either 90° (π geometry) or 45° (π/2 geometry). Calculations were made for different sample loadings and exciting radiation energies. The influence of these parameters on the matrix and pure particle size effects is shown. From the results, it is possible to predict the performances of alternative experimental correction procedures for the particle size effect, involving dual measurements at different excitation energies or in different excitationdetection geometries.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1985ATB6100007	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116486			Serial	8097
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	Author	Török, S.; Van Dyck, P.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Heterogeneity effects in direct X-ray fluorescence analysis of hair			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1984	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	13	Issue	1	Pages	27-32
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The methodology of direct hair analysis by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence was studied. The effect on the XRF result of having a non-homogeneous radial distribution of the analyte in a single hair strand and the macroscopic effects in a bundle of hairs were calculated to evaluate possible systematic errors. The detection limits were mapped as a function of the target thickness and surface fraction. It appeared that a 10 mg cm−2 sample thickness, i. e. a target with about four layers of hair strands, is recommended. The standard deviation of this simple direct analytical method is 619% for some important elements. Discrepancies with neutron activation analysis had a mean value of around 15%. About twelve elements can be determined simultaneously on a routine basis.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1984SB70200004	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116485			Serial	8029
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	Author	Van Dyck, P.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Automated matrix-correction of line ratios in energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrum deconvolution			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1983	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	12	Issue	3	Pages	111-114
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Most computer XRF-spectrum deconvolution routines make use of fixed intensity ratios for the lines from one element. The magnitude of the error that fixed ratios imply has been quantitatively evaluated for samples with a varible thickness or matrix. A procedure for routinely adapting the line ratios according to the matrix effect in every sample (by making use of the matrix information present in the scatter peaks) enhances the accuracy of the spectrum evaluation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1983RA69700004	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116484			Serial	7539
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	Author	Van Dyck, P.; Markowicz, A.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Automatic absorption correction in x-ray fluorescence analysis of intermediate thickness samples using a dual external reference signal			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1980	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9	Issue	2	Pages	70-76
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A method has been investigated which allows calculations from the X-ray fluorescence spectra of the absorption coefficients at any energy for any sample, without any additional measurement. Use is made of the ratio of the characteristic X-ray signals from a Zr wire positioned in front of the sample and from a Pd foil placed behind the sample, both in a fixed geometry. From the experimentally measured absorption coefficient at the Pd L energy (2.9 keV), the coefficients for higher energies are calculated. By the use of an iterative computer routine in which corrections for the enhancement of the Pd foil by the sample are also included, an accuracy of 2% or better on the absorption coefficient determination can be reached for homogenous samples in one measurement. Grain-size and heterogeneity effects induce inaccuracies on the absorption coefficient determinations which might well reach 20% for particulate samples like intermediate thickness deposits of geological materials. This approach thus has the same limitations as the classical transmission method for such heterogeneous samples.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1980JN16500007	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116483			Serial	7541
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	Author	Markowicz, A.; Van Dyck, P.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Radiometric diameter concept and exact intensities for spherical particles in x-ray fluorescence analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1980	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9	Issue	2	Pages	52-56
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In X-ray fluorescence analysis the concept of radiometric diameter, d, is often introduced in considerations of the fluorescent intensity from a particulate sample. It represents the mean geometric path of the X-rays through one particle and is usually simply taken to be equal to the volume-to-area ratio of the particle. The effective radiometric path is, however, itself dependent on geometry and absorption effects. Rigorous calculations of the fluorescent intensity from a particle in the π and π/2 geometries were carried out to evaluate the errors involved. It appears that, for π geometry, the discrepancy between these exact results and the intensity calculated via the use of d does not exceed 5.2%. For the π/2 geometry, the errors are much larger and can amount to 50% in realistic cases of X-ray fluorescence analysis. These conclusions are also applicable to monolayers. The effective radiometric diameter approaches d only when absorption effects become negligible, but is smaller in other cases.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1980JN16500003	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116482			Serial	8451
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	Author	Sauter, L.; Van der Ben, D.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Trace analysis of estuarine brown algae by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1979	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8	Issue	4	Pages	159-163
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Brown algae, which are good indicators for estuarine metal pollution, can advantageously be analysed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The use of thin film samples and samples of intermediate thickness has several advantages over the conventional thick pellet procedure. A quite homogeneous thin target is prepared by suspending 15 mg of dried and ground seaweed powder in bi-distilled water and evaporating the slurry on a 10 cm2 Mylar foil held in a Teflon ring. The effective sample weight in the beam is calculated by a procedure based on the scatter peaks in the spectrum. Sensitivities are typically in the 215 ppm range. The coefficient of variation per analysis averaged over ten elements amounts to 10%. The natural concentration variation in seaweed specimens at one location is 13%. Samples from locations in the more polluted western Scheldt estuary yield significantly higher values for several elements, relative to the eastern Scheldt sites. Possible trace element variations between the top and base of plants, and between different seaweed specimens and sampling seasons, are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1979JC63700003	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116481			Serial	8687
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	Author	Van Grieken, R.E.; Adams, F.C.
	Title	Folding of aerosol loaded filters during X-ray fluorescence analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1976	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	61-67
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Folding aerosol loaded filters in two with the loaded side inwards during the X-ray analysis not only reduces possible filter heterogeneity effects and improves sample protection, but also increases the sensitivity and renders filter paper absorption corrections simple and more accurate in many instances. It is shown that folding an aerosol loaded Whatman filter paper during Kα X-rays counting leads to an increased sensitivity for all elements up from calcium, scandium or titanium (depending on the sensitivity definition and on the aerosol load) and for all elements up from phosphorus, sulphur or chlorine in the case of the Nuclepore filter. Although the absorption by the filter, into which the aerosol penetrates to some extent, is always more important in the sandwich than in the usual geometry, the dependence of the absorption correction on the usually unknown average deposition depth is less pronounced. Assuming all the aerosol material to be collected at the very surface of the filter and hence being present in the centre of the sandwich to be analysed, leads to an extremely simple filter paper absorption correction which is less prone to uncertainties than more sophisticated corrections in the usual geometry requiring additional measurements. This is the case for all elements up from potassium on Whatman filters and up from phosphorus on Nuclepore filters.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1976BM95300002	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116480			Serial	7976
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	Author	Čevik, U.; Koz, B.; Makarovska, Y.
	Title	Heavy metal analysis around Iskenderun Bay in Turkey			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	39	Issue	3	Pages	202-207
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The heavy metal analysis around Iskenderun Bay in Turkey was carried out using mosses, soils, mussels, and sediments. This region is one of the most industrial areas of Turkey, including iron-steel plants, beverage, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plants, and oil transfer docks. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (Epsilon 5, PANalytical, Almelo, The Netherlands) was used to analyze all samples. V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb elements were observed in all samples studied. Although Ce was detected in some mosses and soils, Sn was detected only in some moss samples. Pb concentrations in the moss samples are higher than the soil, the mussel, and the sediment samples. This can be attributed to the mosses that absorb heavy metals such as Pb easily from the air. As the aim of this study was to analyze heavy metals, the evaluation of these elements with their potential hazards for ecology and humans is briefly discussed
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000277637400006	Publication Date	2010-03-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:82678			Serial	8020
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	Author	van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.; Aibéo, C.; Kloust, H.; Alfeld, M.
	Title	James Ensor's pigment use: artistic and material evolution studied by means of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	39	Issue	2	Pages	103-111
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this paper, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (PXRF) was employed as a screening tool for determining and comparing the pigment use in a large series of paintings by the Belgian artist James Ensor (1860-1949). Benefits and drawbacks of PXRF as a method, and the instrument employed, are discussed from a practical, conservation and instrumental perspective. Regardless of several restrictions due to the set-up and/or the analytical method, it appeared feasible to document the evolution with time in Ensor's use of inorganic pigments and to correlate this technical evolution with stylistic developments, Nevertheless, it became clear that a full identification of all materials present can only be done by means of the analysis of (cross-sectioned) samples.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000275959400006	Publication Date	2009-12-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The staff of the different museums and private institutions is acknowledged for rendering their assistance to this research, i.e. by making all paintings available for analysis and authorising the publication of the images in this article. Therefore, a word of gratitude to Paul Huvenne, Yolande Deckers, Herwig Todts, Stef Antonissen, Gwen Borms and Lizet Klaassen of the Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen (KMSKA), Luuk Van der Loeff of the Kroller-Muller Museum in Otterlo and Mireille Engel, Barbara De Jong of the Musea aan Zee (MuZee), Patricia Jaspers of the Dexia bank, Hildegard Van de Velde of the KBC bank and Frederik Leen of the Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van Belgie (KMSKB). Special thanks to Xavier Tricot and the other members of the Ensor committee for their valuable feedback. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2010 IF: 1.661
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:82324			Serial	5680
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	Author	van der Linden, V.; Schalm, O.; Houbraken, J.; Thomas, M.; Meesdom, E.; Devos, A.; van Dooren, R.; Nieuwdorp, H.; Janssen, E.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Chemical analysis of 16th to 19th century Limoges School painted enamel objects in three museums of the Low Countries			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	39	Issue	2	Pages	112-121
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this study, the results of analysing of a series of 16th-19th century painted enamel objects of the Limoges School currently in collections in three Dutch and Flemish museums by means of portable and micro x-ray fluorescence analysis (PXRF and µ-XRF) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) are presented. The aim of the investigation was the authentication of specific pieces. Therefore, the glass compositions as well as the (glass) colouring agents used by the Limoges' artists were studied as a function of the age of the objects. Due to the evolution of these properties, it is possible to approximately date these objects based on their chemical composition. The complete émail peint collection of the Museum Boijmans-Van Beuningen (Rotterdam, The Netherlands), consisting of 20 émail peint plaques, was analysed with µ-XRF. Quantitative information was obtained by EPMA analysis of 15 enamel fragments of objects from museum and private collections in the Low Countries. PXRF analyses were performed on the painted enamel collection of the Antwerp Vleeshuis Museum (13 objects) and the Mayer van den Bergh Museum (4 objects) and on a set of 18 plaques that were donated to the Boijmans-Van Beuningen Museum by a private collector. The results obtained by means of EPMA, µ-XRF and PXRF proved to be useful in the discrimination of 16th century painted enamel objects from those of the19th century. From a total of 70 objects examined, 2 objects (OM964A and OM993) featured a chemical signature that deviated from the published literature composition and pigment use consistent with its presumed period of manufacture.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000275959400007	Publication Date	2009-08-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2010 IF: 1.661
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:82325			Serial	5509
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	Author	Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Editorial: Award for best XRS referee during 2007-2008			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	37	Issue	6	Pages	571-571
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000261116500014	Publication Date	2008-10-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:71121			Serial	7831
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