| Records |
| Author |
Li, L. |
| Title |
First-principles studies of novel two-dimensional dirac materials |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
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Pages |
152 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:160527 |
Serial |
5214 |
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| Author |
Ghorbanfekr Kalashami, H. |
| Title |
Graphene-based membranes and nanoconfined water : molecular dynamics simulation study |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
243 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:160548 |
Serial |
5216 |
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| Author |
Razzokov, J. |
| Title |
Molecular level simulations for plasma medicine applications |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
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Issue |
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Pages |
173 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:159654 |
Serial |
5277 |
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| Author |
Michielsen, I. |
| Title |
Plasma catalysis : study of packing materials on CO2 reforming in a DBD reactor |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
215 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:160087 |
Serial |
5278 |
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| Author |
Ramakers, M. |
| Title |
Using a gliding arc plasmatron for CO2 conversion : the future in industry? |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
235 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:158254 |
Serial |
5282 |
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| Author |
Cautaerts, N. |
| Title |
Nanoscale study of ageing and irradiation induced precipitates in the DIN 1.4970 alloy |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
306 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:161997 |
Serial |
5392 |
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| Author |
Fatermans, J. |
| Title |
Quantitative atom detection from atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy images |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
155 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:162101 |
Serial |
5394 |
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| Author |
Van der Donck, M. |
| Title |
Excitonic complexes in transition metal dichalcogenides and related materials |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
224 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:162525 |
Serial |
5412 |
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| Author |
Vieira De Castro, L. |
| Title |
Properties of quasi particles on two dimensional materials and related structures |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
79 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:161999 |
Serial |
5424 |
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| Author |
Yao, X. |
| Title |
An advanced TEM study on quantification of Ni4Ti3 precipitates in low temperature aged Ni-Ti shape memory alloy |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
149 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:164987 |
Serial |
6284 |
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| Author |
Trenchev, G. |
| Title |
Computational modelling of atmospheric DC discharges for CO2 conversion |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
206 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:163986 |
Serial |
6290 |
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| Author |
Van der Paal, J. |
| Title |
Generation, transport and molecular interactions of reactive species in plasma medicine |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
237 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:162591 |
Serial |
6297 |
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| Author |
Lumbeeck, G. |
| Title |
Mechanisms of nano-plasticity in as-deposited and hydrided nanocrystalline Pd and Ni thin films |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
130 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:164918 |
Serial |
6309 |
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| Author |
Anđelković, M. |
| Title |
O(N) numerical methods for investigating graphene heterostructures and moiré patterns |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
207 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:165205 |
Serial |
6315 |
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| Author |
Chuon, S. |
| Title |
Simulation numérique multi-échelles du procédé de dépôt par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
137 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:166091 |
Serial |
6322 |
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| Author |
Guzzinati, G.; Ghielens, W.; Mahr, C.; Béché, A.; Rosenauer, A.; Calders, T.; Verbeeck, J. |
| Title |
Electron Bessel beam diffraction patterns, line scan of Si/SiGe multilayer |
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Dataset |
| Year |
2019 |
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Dataset; ADReM Data Lab (ADReM); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:169114 |
Serial |
6865 |
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| Author |
Guzzinati, G.; Béché, A.; McGrouther, D.; Verbeeck, J. |
| Title |
Rotation of electron beams in the presence of localised, longitudinal magnetic fields |
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Dataset |
| Year |
2019 |
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Dataset; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
| Abstract |
Electron Bessel beams have been generated by inserting an annular aperture in the illumination system of a TEM. These beams have passed through a localised magnetic field. As a result a low amount of image rotation (which is expected to be proportional to the longitudinal component of the magnetic field) is observed in the far field. A measure of this rotation should give access to the magneti field. The two datasets have been acquired in a FEI Titan3 microscope, operated at 300kV. The file focalseries.tif contains a series of images acquired varying the magnetic field through the objective lens. The file lineprofile.ser contains a series of images acquired by scanning the beam over a sample with several magnetised nanopillars. For reference, check the associated publication. |
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no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:169135 |
Serial |
6883 |
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| Author |
Jannis, D.; Müller-Caspary, K.; Béché, A.; Oelsner, A.; Verbeeck, J. |
| Title |
Spectrocopic coincidence experiment in transmission electron microscopy |
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Dataset |
| Year |
2019 |
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Dataset; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
| Abstract |
This dataset contains individual EEL and EDX events where for every event (electron or X-ray), their energy and time of arrival is stored. The experiment was performed in a transmission electron microscope (Tecnai Osiris) at 200 keV. The material investigated is an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy. The 'full_dataset.mat' contains the full dataset and the 'subset.mat' has the first five frames of the full dataset. The attached 'EELS-EDX.ipynb' is a jupyter notebook file. This file describes the data processing in order to observe the temporal correlation between the electrons and X-rays. |
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no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:169112 |
Serial |
6888 |
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| Author |
Idrissi, H.; Samaee, V.; Lumbeeck, G.; van der Werf, T.; Pardoen, T.; Schryvers, D.; Cordier, P. |
| Title |
Supporting data for “In situ Quantitative Tensile Tests on Antigorite in a Transmission Electron Microscope” |
Type |
Dataset |
| Year |
2019 |
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Dataset; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
| Abstract |
The determination of the mechanical properties of serpentinites is essential towards the understanding of the mechanics of faulting and subduction. Here, we present the first in situ tensile tests on antigorite in a transmission electron microscope. A push-to-pull deformation device is used to perform quantitative tensile tests, during which force and displacement are measured, while the microstructure is imaged with the microscope. The experiments have been performed at room temperature on beams prepared by focused ion beam. The specimens are not single crystals despite their small sizes. Orientation mapping indicated that some grains were well-oriented for plastic slip. However, no dislocation activity has been observed even though engineering tensile stress went up to 700 MPa. We show also that antigorite does not exhibit an pure elastic-brittle behaviour since, despite the presence of defects, the specimens underwent plastic deformation and did not fail within the elastic regime. Instead, we observe that strain localizes at grain boundaries. All observations concur to show that under our experimental conditions, grain boundary sliding is the dominant deformation mechanism. This study sheds a new light on the mechanical properties of antigorite and calls for further studies on the structure and properties of grain boundaries in antigorite and more generally in phyllosilicates. |
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no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:169107 |
Serial |
6891 |
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| Author |
Bottari, F. |
| Title |
Bio(inspired) strategies for the electro-sensing of β-lactam antibiotics |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
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Issue |
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Pages |
205 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
In the broad context of food and environmental safety, the development of selective and sensitive analytical tools for the detection of β-lactam antibiotics in milk down to their Maximum Residues Limits (MRL), is still an open challenge. To address this need, the design of new bio(mimetic) electrochemical sensors was investigated in the present thesis. These sensors are based on the intrinsic electrochemistry of β-lactam antibiotics, taking advantages of the characteristic electrochemical fingerprints of the core structures and redox active side chain groups. The electrochemistry of nafcillin (NAF) and the isoxazolyl penicillins (ISOXA) was investigated, identifying the peculiar electrochemical fingerprint of each antibiotic, proving that it is possible to use electrochemistry for the selective detection of these antimicrobial drugs. Once verified the applicability of a direct detection, different sensor configurations were tested mainly focusing on: – the selection and validation of aptamers to be used as bioreceptors in the development of β-lactam biosensors; – the design of biomimetic receptors, particularly molecularly imprinted polymers, and other synthetic electrode modifiers compatible with a direct detection strategy. The selection of novel aptamers was performed following both a traditional FluMag SELEX protocol and a novel variant based on graphene oxide (GO). First results with the modified GO-SELEX are promising but more work still needs to be done to validate this novel approach. The few aptamers for β-lactam antibiotics, already reported in literature by other groups, were poorly characterized up to now. For this reason, a multi-analytical characterization protocol for aptamer binding studies was optimized and validated by focusing on aptamer AMP17 against ampicillin. The protocol combines ITC, nESI-MS and 1H-NMR. Very striking was the fact that the aptamer sequence did not show any sign of specific binding for its target, even if it was used in many other studies in the past. This thesis now offers a validated protocol for testing the affinity and binding capabilities of aptamer sequences. In parallel, the functionalization of the electrode surface with polymer modifiers was studied. In particular we optimized a MIP electrochemical sensor based on 4-aminobenzoic acid for the direct electrochemical detection of CFQ. Another approach was tested based on the intrinsic affinity of NAF for an oPD electropolymerized film on the electrode surface. Both sensors were found to be sensitive and selective for the detection of CFQ and NAF at MRLs in buffer solutions. The proposed protocols are robust and promising for technological transfer. Lastly, the research activity was directed towards milk sample analysis following two parallel routes: the development of a pre-treatment protocol for raw milk, based on solvent addition (ACN or ISO), and the study of β-lactam antibiotics electrochemistry in undiluted raw milk with addition of KNO3 as supporting electrolyte. Both approaches gave encouraging results and the detection of NAF, CFQ and CFU in the micromolar range was achieved, with the second approach in undiluted raw milk. |
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no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:164996 |
Serial |
7557 |
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| Author |
Sóti, V. |
| Title |
Catalytic detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolyzate |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
XXVII, 243 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Biochemical Wastewater Valorization & Engineering (BioWaVE) |
| Abstract |
The present PhD research investigated the possibility of catalytic detoxification of poplar wood based and steam exploded lignocellulosic hydrolyzate with different types of laccase enzymes, with special focus on ethanol and lactic acid products at industrially relevant parameters: high final product concentration, high initial substrate loading and integrated processes. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process was taken as a base case and five types of laccases were thoroughly investigated on their utilization potential. Phenolic removal from the liquid xylose rich fraction (XRF) was higher with fungal laccases (65-90 %) compared to approximately 30 % removal with bacterial laccase. Moreover, the optimal pH of fungal laccases was close to pH 4.5, the optimum for cellulase, while the bacterial laccase worked at basic pH. Integrating laccase treatment and hydrolysis together showed that fungal laccases have negative impact on final sugar concentration, while bacterial laccase had a strong positive effect. Although bacterial laccase removed less phenol and although its optimal conditions are difficult to integrate with hydrolysis, its enhancing effect on cellulase activity makes it a better candidate for application. The presence of the solid fraction (SF) alters the phenolic concentration evolution significantly, thus screening experiments with the liquid fraction alone do not provide sufficient information for the combined process. Magnetic Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (m-CLEAs) immobilization was assessed for bacterial laccase. m-CLEAs decreased phenolic concentration faster at every pH compared to free bacterial laccase; however, the removal was caused by adsorption rather than by enzyme activity. Although the size of m-CLEAs particles are in the µm range, around 90 % of the initial catalyst mass was recycled from a dense (15 % substrate loading) mixture via magnetic separation. The high recycling rate is promising; m-CLEAs immobilization method can have industrial utilization potential. Minimum sugar revenue (MSR) estimations show that currently hardwood based MSR is 70 % more expensive than corn grain based MSR. About 7-10 fold cellulase activity increase will be needed until MSR will be competitive with corn grain MSR. However, m-CLEAs cellulase can already be competitive if the corn prices are in the higher regime of last year’s prices. |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:180125 |
Serial |
7584 |
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Klaassen, L.; van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Higgitt, C.; Spring, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Rosi, F.; Brunetti, B.G.; Postec, M.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Characterization and removal of a disfiguring oxalate crust on a large altarpiece by Hans Memling |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
263-282
T2 - Metal soaps in art / Casadio, F. [edi |
| Keywords |
H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
| Abstract |
During the conservation treatment of Memling’s Christ with Singing and Music-making Angels, three panel paintings that are among the most monumental works in early Netherlandish art, the conservators came across insoluble surface layers containing calcium oxalates. A very thin and irregular layer of this type, hardly visible to the naked eye, was spread across the surface of all three panels. A much thicker layer forming an opaque and highly disfiguring crust that obscured the composition (Figs. 15.1 and 15.7) was locally present on areas of dark copper-containing paint, where multiple layers of old discolored coatings and accretions remained in place before the most recent cleaning. This article describes the application of a wide range of analytical techniques in order to fully understand the stratigraphy and composition of the crusts on the Memling paintings. FTIR spectroscopy in transmission and reflection mode, micro-ATR-FTIR imaging and macro-rFTIR scanning, SEM-EDX, mobile XRD, and SR-μXRD showed that the crusts contained two related Ca-based oxalate salts, whewellite and weddellite, and were separated from the original paint surface by varnish, indicating that they did not originate from degradation of the original paint but from a combination of microbial action and a thick accumulation of dirt. Supported by the results from these different analytical techniques, which when used together proved to be very effective in providing complementary information that addressed this specific conservation problem, and aided by the presence of the intermediate varnish layer(s), the conservators were able to remove most of the crusts with spectacular results. |
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2019-03-23 |
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ISBN |
978-3-319-90616-4 |
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no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:190778 |
Serial |
7609 |
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Monico, L.; Hendriks, E.; Geldof, M.; Miliani, C.; Janssens, K.; Brunetti, B.G.; Cotte, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Chieli, A.; Van der Snickt, G.; Romani, A.; Melo, M.J. |
| Title |
Chemical alteration and colour changes in the Amsterdam sunflowers |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
125-158
T2 - Van Gogh’s Sunflowers illuminated – a |
| Keywords |
H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
| Abstract |
This chapter provides a description of colour changes in the Amsterdam Sunflowers due to chemical alteration of pigments, with a focus on geranium lakes and chrome yellows. The brilliant and forceful colours of these and other late nineteenth-century synthetic materials offered artists such as Vincent van Gogh new means of artistic expression that exploited a range of contrasting hues and tints. However, geranium lakes have a strong tendency to fade and chrome yellows to darken under the influence of light. Van Gogh, like other artists of his day, was aware of this drawback, yet he continued to favour the use of both pigments up until his death in July 1890 due to the unparalleled effects they gave. In April 1888, Vincent wrote to his brother Theo: Van Gogh's use of unstable colours opens a series of questions regarding the extent to which colour change affects the way his paintings look today, as discussed here in relation to the Amsterdam Sunflowers. Furthermore, given the frequency with which geranium lakes and chrome yellows occur in Van Gogh's paintings of the period 1888–90 and the predominance of chrome yellows in Sunflowers, it becomes important to understand the factors that can drive these processes of deterioration in order to develop appropriate strategies for conserving the artist's works. |
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2020-11-25 |
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978-94-6372-532-3 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:190779 |
Serial |
7640 |
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Heyne, M.H. |
| Title |
Chemistry and plasma physics challenges for 2D materials technology |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
167 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
| Abstract |
Transition-metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 or WS2 are semiconducting materials with a layered structure. One single layer consists of a plane of metal atoms terminated on the top and bottom by the chalcogen atoms sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. These layers show strong in-plane covalent bonding, whereas the Van-der-Waals bonds in between adjacent layers are weak. Those weak bonds allow the microcleavage and extraction of a monolayer. Transistors built on such monolayer nanosheets are promising due to high electrostatic controllability in comparison to a bulk semiconductor. This is important for fast switching speed and low-power consumption in the OFF-state. Nonetheless, prototypes of such nanosheet transistors show non-idealities due to the fabrication process. Closed films on a large area cannot be obtained by mechanical exfoliation from mm-sized crystals. For wafer-level processing, synthetic growth methods are needed. It is a challenge to obtain a few layer thick crystals with large lateral grains or even without grain boundaries with synthetic growth techniques. This requires pre-conditioned monocrystalline substrates, high-temperature deposition, and polymer-assisted transfer to other target substrates after the growth. Such transfer is a source of cracks in the film and degrades the layers' promising properties by residual polymer from the bond material. Apart from transfer, patterning of the stacked 2D layers is necessary to build devices. The patterning of a 2D material itself or another material on top of it is challenging. The integration of the nanosheets into miniaturized devices cannot be done by conventional continuous-wave dry etching techniques due to the absence of etch stop layers and the vulnerability of these thin layers. To eliminate these issues in growth and integration, we explored the deposition methods on wafer-level and low-damage integration schemes. To this end, we studied the growth of MoS2 by a hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition for which metal layers were deposited and subsequently sulfurized in H2S to obtain large area 2D layers. The impact of sulfurization temperature, time, partial H2S pressure, and H2 addition on the stoichiometry, crystallinity, and roughness were explored. Furthermore, a selective low-temperature deposition and conversion process at 450 °C for WS2 by the precursors WF6, H2S, and Si was considered. Si was used as a reducing agent for WF6 to deposit thin W films and H2S sulfurized this film in situ. The impact of the reducing agent amount, its surface condition, the temperature window, and the necessary time for the conversion of Si into W and W into WS2 were studied. Further quality improvement strategies on the WS2 were implemented by using extra capping layers in combination with annealing. Capping layers such as Ni and Co for metal-induced crystallization were compared to dielectric capping layers. The impact of the metal capping layer and its thickness on the recrystallization was evaluated. The dielectric capping layer's property to suppress sulfur loss under high temperature was explored. The annealings, which were done by rapid thermal annealing and nanosecond laser annealing, were discussed. Eventually, the fabrication of a heterostack with a MoS2 base layer and selectively grown WS2 was studied. Atomic layer etching was identified as attractive technique to remove the solid precursor Si from MoS2 in a layer-by-layer fashion. The in-situ removal of native SiO2 and the impact towards MoS2 was determined. The created patterned Si on MoS2 was then converted into patterned WS2 on MoS2 by the selective WF6/H2S process developed earlier. This procedure offers an attractive, scalable way to enable the fabrication of 2D devices with CMOS-compatible processes and contributes essential progress in the field 2D materials technology. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:162027 |
Serial |
7662 |
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Hendriks, E.; Geldof, M.; van den Berg, K.J.; Monico, L.; Miliani, C.; Moretti, P.; Iwanicka, M.; Targowski, P.; Megens, L.; de Groot, S.; van Keulen, H.; Janssens, K.; Vanmeert, F.; van der Snickt, G. |
| Title |
Conservation of the Amsterdam sunflowers : from past to future |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
175-205
T2 - Van Gogh’s Sunflowers illuminated – a |
| Keywords |
H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
| Abstract |
This chapter lays out a conservation timeline, from past to future, for the Amsterdam version of Van Gogh's Sunflowers. It starts by considering the restoration history of the painting in order to assess its current physical state, and looks ahead to formulate an appropriate strategy for future conservation treatment and display. Due attention is paid to the two recorded episodes of restoration performed in 1927 and 1961 by the Dutch restorer, Jan Cornelis Traas. Based on physical and chemical investigation of Sunflowers we attempt to reconstruct what these former treatments (which are barely documented) entailed and consider the repercussions for the present condition of the painting. The former interventions by Traas also serve as a benchmark to reflect on current choices made, highlighting the extent to which ideas and methodologies have continued to evolve over the past century as conservation has moved further away from being a singularly craft-based activity to become an established historical and scientific discipline underpinned by ethical guidelines. Jan Cornelis Traas (1898–1984) As mentioned, the two main recorded interventions to the Amsterdam Sunflowers may be associated with the Dutch restorer, Jan Cornelis Traas, who treated the picture in 1927, close to the start of his career, and again in 1961, shortly before he retired. Traas was the first restorer to be appointed at the Mauritshuis in The Hague where he worked from 1931 to 1962 and treated hundreds of paintings, including iconic masterpieces such as Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer. Yet despite the magnitude and importance of his restoration oeuvre, J.C. Traas (as he is usually referred to in surviving documents), has remained somewhat obscure. He is shown here in the only known surviving photograph of him at work, shortly before he retired (fig. 7.1). Unlike his illustrious contemporaries, A. Martin de Wild (1899–1969) and Helmut Ruhemann (1891–1973), for example, Traas did not publish anything, he appears to have kept no records of his work and no personal archive is known. However, the study of some newly discovered historical documents, combined with physical examination of Sunflowers and a large number of other works he treated, allows us to recover an idea of his working practices and approaches viewed within the context of his day. |
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2020-11-25 |
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978-94-6372-532-3 |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:190780 |
Serial |
7727 |
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van Walsem, J. |
| Title |
Design and optimization of a photocatalytic reactor for air purification in ventilation systems |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
158 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
| Abstract |
Photocatalysis has been labeled for decades as a promising technique for air purification. The principle seems straightforward and requires a photocatalyst that is immobilized on a substrate, and one or more UV sources to activate the photocatalyst. No waste products are produced, the reactions occur in mild conditions and the supplies are relatively cheap. Yet it seems that the commercialization of photocatalytic systems does not break through on the global market. The aim of this thesis is to identify and tackle the bottlenecks that impede commercialization from an application-oriented approach. The problem of indoor air pollution is enhanced by the fact that people spend more and more time indoors and that ventilation is kept to a minimum as an energy-saving measure. This inevitably leads to an accumulation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are emitted by e.g. building materials, paint and furniture. Human exposure to VOCs is directly related to the sick building syndrome leading to complaints such as headache, fatigue, dizziness and lack of concentration. In addition, exposure to VOCs is related to serious long-term health effects such as cancer or respiratory diseases. Therefore, significant research efforts are focused on advanced indoor air purification methods. Integration or retrofitting of a photocatalytic (PCO) air purifying unit into heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment has been chosen as an interesting approach. As a starting point of this thesis, the operational conditions of a ventilation system were mapped. These systems are characterized by high flow rates and the necessity of minimal pressure losses. Pressure losses increase the energy demand and can lead to failure of the ventilation fan and thereby undermine the proper functioning of the ventilation system. A suitable substrate must allow the contaminated air to pass through with a minimal pressure drop, allow sufficient contact time between VOC and photocatalyst, have a large surface area available for coating with excellent adhesion, and be transparent to UV light. Therefore, the permeability and the available exposed surface were selected as main selection criteria. After a thorough quantitative analysis of potential substrates, borosilicate glass tubes were selected. Glass tubes can easily be stacked to constitute a transparent monolithic multi-tube reactor, with their length parallel to the air flow in order to minimize the pressure drop. Moreover, borosilicate glass is relatively inexpensive and has excellent UV-A light transmitting properties. Based on a literature study, a sol-gel coating procedure was selected that is extremely suitable for coating glass substrates. The next step was to optimize the amount of P25 (commercial titanium dioxide) in the photocatalytic sol-gel coating for its application. More P25 in the sol-gel coating results in a higher adsorption capacity and consequently a higher photocatalytic activity, but greatly reduces the transparency of the coating. After an in-depth study, the concentration of 10 g L-1 P25 was selected as the most feasible for multi-tube reactors. Since the operation of photocatalytic reactors is based on a complex interaction of physical and chemical processes, mathematical models were developed, supported by experimental data, that include all these phenomena as a tool for reactor design and optimization. By making use of such models, time-consuming and expensive experimental research can be minimized. However, the experimental validation of models is of utmost importance to prove its reliability and accuracy. Intrinsic kinetic parameters provide the fundamentals for these models as they describe the photocatalytic reaction rate, independent of fluid dynamics, reactor geometry and radiation field. In this work they were estimated by means of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study, based on FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) experiments with a lab scale multi-tube reactor. The kinetic parameters were validated by an alternative analytic approach, emphasizing the accuracy and reliability of the simulations. Finally, the aforementioned CFD approach, based on the simultaneously modelling of airflow, mass transfer, UV light irradiation and photocatalytic reactions, was used to obtain insights for the light source configuration in upscaled multi-tube reactors. After taking all these insights and some practical implications into account, a final upscaled multi-tube reactor design was proposed and converted into a first built prototype. Subsequently, it was evaluated according the CEN-EN-16486-1 standard for VOC removal by the external scientific research center ‘CERTECH’. The scientific results, regarding the mineralization of the VOCs and photocatalytic efficiency of the reactor, demonstrated the feasibility for indoor air purification by the upscaled multi-tube reactor and the possible implementation in ventilation systems. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:160205 |
Serial |
7763 |
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Rutten, I.; Safdar, S.; Ven, K.; Daems, D.; Spasic, D.; Lammertyn, J. |
| Title |
A DNA nanotechnology toolbox for mix-and-match biosensor design |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
| Year |
2019 |
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P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:166107 |
Serial |
7819 |
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Vanmeert, F. |
| Title |
Highly specific X-ray powder diffraction imaging at the macroscopic and microscopic scale |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
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Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
At or below the surface of painted works of art, valuable information is present that provides insights into an object’s past, such as the artist’s technique and the creative process that was followed or its conservation history, but also on its current state of preservation. Typically, a (very) limited set of small paint samples is taken which provide direct access to the individual paint layers. The chemical build-up of these layers can then be investigated in great detail using various microscopic analytical methods. However, in recent years a new trend towards both elemental and chemical imaging techniques has been set which are capable of visualizing the (often) heterogeneous composition of painted objects on a macroscopic scale. In this dissertation, various forms of specificity attainable with X‑ray powder diffraction (XRPD) imaging are explored: at the chemical, material and spatial level. This high specificity is illustrated throughout several applications stemming from the field of cultural heritage, both at the macroscopic (MA) and microscopic (µ) scale. As a first step, XRPD imaging was transformed to a transportable instrument that can be employed for the in situ investigation of artworks, e.g., inside museums and conservation workshops. With this unique instrument large‑scale maps (cm2 – dm2) reflecting the distribution of crystalline phases on/below the surface of flat painted artefacts can be visualized in a noninvasive manner. In this way compound-specific information was attained which can be related to original pigments or materials that have been added in a later stage and even degradation/secondary products that have formed spontaneously inside the paint layers. Additionally, with MA‑XRPD imaging it was possible to link quantitative information of pigment compositions and preferred orientation effects to the 2D compound‑specific distribution images, allowing for a further distinction between very similar artists’ materials. Furthermore, promising results for the limited depth-selectivity of this technique, obtained by exploiting the small shift in the position of the diffraction signals originating from the layered sequence of the pigments, are shown. Finally, a minute paint sample from Wheat stack under a cloudy sky by Van Gogh was investigated at a synchrotron radiation facility with tomographic µ‑XRPD imaging at the microscopic scale. The high chemical and spatial specificity of this imaging method was exploited to further elucidate the degradation pathway of the red lead pigment. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:159805 |
Serial |
8043 |
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Salvadó, N.; Butí, S.; Pradell, T.; Beltran, V.; Cinque, G.; Juanhuix, J. |
| Title |
Identification and distribution of metal soaps and oxalates in oil and tempera paint layers in fifteenth-century altarpieces using synchrotron radiation Techniques |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
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2019 |
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195-210
T2 - Metal soaps in art : conservation and |
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H1 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
The formation and distribution of metal soaps produced as a result of the reactivity and aging of the materials in a fifteenth-century egg tempera and oil paintings on wood are presented. The painting technique involves the application of several paint layers over a ground using, sometimes in the same paint layer sequence, drying oil and egg yolk binders. We show, with a selection of examples, how the use of thin sections and a combination of various micro-sensitive analytical techniques is adequate to obtain the high-quality data necessary for the unambiguous identification of metal soaps and metal oxalates as well as their distribution in the paint layers. The techniques include micro infrared spectroscopy (μSR-FTIR) and micro X-ray diffraction (μSR-XRD) with synchrotron radiation, optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The data obtained sheds light about the underlying reaction and aging mechanisms happening in each paint layer and among them. This helps to define the state of conservation of the artworks. |
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2019-03-23 |
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978-3-319-90616-4; 2366-6226; 978-3-319-90617-1 |
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UA library record |
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Open Access |
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Approved |
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| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:172891 |
Serial |
8051 |
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| Author |
Hellemans, K. |
| Title |
Laser ablation ICP-MS as a tool for surface analysis in comparison to other elemental analysis methods |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
229 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Dit onderzoek presenteert een overzicht van de mogelijkheden van LA-ICP-MS als een techniek voor kwantitatieve analyse, bepalen van isotoopverhoudingen en elementaire beeldvorming. Hiervoor wordt de techniek zelf voorgesteld en worden de belangrijkste parameters die een invloed hebben op de kwaliteit van een LA-ICP-MS meting beschreven. Voor kwantitieve analyse worden de huidige calibratiestrategieën voor LA-ICP-MS toegelicht, zowel op het vlak van selectie en bereiding van standaarden als op het vlak van dataverwerking. Daarnaast werd een nieuwe calibratiestrategie voorgesteld, gebaseerd op een lineaire combinatie van standaarden. Een case study met de traditionele calibratiestrategie uit de literatuur werd uitgevoerd en vergeleken met data van SEM-EDX om een referentiekader te schetsen voor de performantie van de techniek. In een tweede case study werd onze nieuwe calibratiestrategie toegepast en werd er uitsluitend gebruik gemaakt van LA-ICP-MS, wat uitstekende resultaten opleverde. Met het oog op het bepalen van isotoopverhoudingen, werd er onderzocht wat de limieten zijn van het gebruik van een lage resolutie quadrupool massaspectrometer voor deze bepaling. Dit stelde ons in staat om de te verwachten accuraatheid en precisie in te schatten. De performantie bleek goed genoeg te zijn om weapon-grade plutonium te onderscheiden van global fall-out, zoals het werd aangetoond in de case study omtrent dit onderwerp. Uiteindelijk hebben we ook LA-ICP-MS geëvalueerd als een techniek voor elementaire beeldvorming, waarbij we tevens de meest courante multivariate data analyse hebben beschreven. Om de techniek te plaatsen tegenover andere elementaire technieken, werd een historisch verffragment geanalyseerd dat in het verleden reeds geanalyseerd was met SEM-EDX and μ-XRD. Op die manier konden we de resultaten accuraat vergelijken met de andere technieken. |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Approved |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:160063 |
Serial |
8152 |
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