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	Author	Reijniers, J.; Peeters, F.M.; Matulis, A.
	Title	Electron scattering on circular symmetric magnetic profiles in a two-dimensional electron gas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2001	Publication	Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	64	Issue		Pages	245314
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000173082500066	Publication Date	2002-07-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0163-1829;1095-3795;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	29	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2001 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:37277			Serial	985
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	Author	Reijniers, J.; Peeters, F.M.; Matulis, A.
	Title	Quantum states in a magnetic anti-dot			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1999	Publication	Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	59	Issue		Pages	2817-2823
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000078463100050	Publication Date	2002-07-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0163-1829;1095-3795;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	92	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 1999 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:24157			Serial	2789
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	Author	Reijniers, J.; Peeters, F.M.
	Title	Resistance effects due to magnetic guiding orbits			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2001	Publication	Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	63	Issue		Pages	165317
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000168343400067	Publication Date	2002-07-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0163-1829;1095-3795;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	27	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2001 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:37293			Serial	2878
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	Author	Reijniers, J.; Peeters, F.M.
	Title	Snake orbits and related magnetic edge states			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2000	Publication	Journal of physics : condensed matter	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys-Condens Mat
	Volume	12	Issue		Pages	9771-9786
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000165795500009	Publication Date	2002-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0953-8984;1361-648X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.649	Times cited	66	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.649; 2000 IF: 1.608
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:34352			Serial	3045
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	Author	Reijniers, J.; Matulis, A.; Chang, K.; Peeters, F.M.; Vasilopoulos, P.
	Title	Confined magnetic guiding orbit states			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Europhysics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Epl-Europhys Lett
	Volume	59	Issue	5	Pages	749-753
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	We show how snake-orbit states which run along a magnetic edge can be confined electrically. We consider a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined into a quantum wire, subjected to a strong perpendicular and steplike magnetic field B/ − B. Close to this magnetic step, new, spatially confined bound states arise as a result of the lateral confinement and the magnetic-field step. The number of states, with energy below the first Landau level, increases as B becomes stronger or as the wire width becomes larger. These bound states can be understood as an interference between two counter-propagating one-dimensional snake-orbit states.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Paris	Editor
	Language		Wos	000177761700018	Publication Date	2003-12-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0295-5075;1286-4854;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.957	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.957; 2002 IF: 2.360
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:92387			Serial	483
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	Author	Van Passel, S.
	Title	Food miles to assess sustainability : a revision			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal	Sustain Dev
	Volume	21	Issue	1	Pages	1-17
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Sustainability assessment is an essential process in our aim to reach a more sustainable production and consumption pattern. This research revises the food miles concept as a guiding tool to assess sustainability. Food miles measure the distance that food travels from where it is grown or raised to where it is consumed. Three different concepts to assess sustainability are described: (i) food miles, (ii) enhanced food miles, (iii) food chain sustainability. An illustrative case study shows that there is a strong danger of oversimplification when using food miles as an assessment tool. Second, the food miles concept can be enhanced with all relevant transport externalities taking into account different transport modes and transport (in)efficiency. Third, all relevant economic, social, and ecological aspects should be taken into account. Besides transport externalities, also externalities caused by food production, food packaging, food marketing, and food consumption should be incorporated. Moreover, the trade-off with development goals cannot be neglected. As a consequence, there is a strong danger of incommensurability as the result of different sustainability model assumptions and unclear system boundaries. Nevertheless, sustainability assessment can enrich policy making and support tailored policy measures to improve food chain sustainability. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000314187900001	Publication Date	2010-07-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0968-0802	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.167	Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.167; 2013 IF: 1.692
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127553			Serial	6204
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	Author	van den Broek, W.; Van Aert, S.; Goos, P.; van Dyck, D.
	Title	Throughput maximization of particle radius measurements by balancing size and current of the electron probe			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	111	Issue	7	Pages	940-947
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	In thispaperweinvestigatewhichprobesizemaximizesthethroughputwhenmeasuringtheradiusof nanoparticlesinhighangleannulardarkfieldscanningtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(HAADFSTEM). The sizeandthecorrespondingcurrentoftheelectronprobedeterminetheprecisionoftheestimateofa particlesradius.Maximizingthroughputmeansthatamaximumnumberofparticlesshouldbeimaged withinagiventimeframe,sothataprespecifiedprecisionisattained.WeshowthatBayesianstatistical experimentaldesignisaveryusefulapproachtodeterminetheoptimalprobesizeusingacertainamount of priorknowledgeaboutthesample.Thedependenceoftheoptimalprobesizeonthedetectorgeometry and thediameter,variabilityandatomicnumberoftheparticlesisinvestigated.Anexpressionforthe optimalprobesizeintheabsenceofanykindofpriorknowledgeaboutthespecimenisderivedaswell.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000300461000026	Publication Date	2010-11-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2011 IF: 2.471
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89657			Serial	3659
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	Author	Van Aert, S.; van den Broek, W.; Goos, P.; van Dyck, D.
	Title	Model-based electron microscopy : from images toward precise numbers for unknown structure parameters			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Micron	Abbreviated Journal	Micron
	Volume	43	Issue	4	Pages	509-515
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Statistical parameter estimation theory is proposed as a method to quantify electron microscopy images. It aims at obtaining precise and accurate values for the unknown structure parameters including, for example, atomic column positions and types. In this theory, observations are purely considered as data planes, from which structure parameters have to be determined using a parametric model describing the images. The method enables us to measure positions of atomic columns with a precision of the order of a few picometers even though the resolution of the electron microscope is one or two orders of magnitude larger. Moreover, small differences in averaged atomic number, which cannot be distinguished visually, can be quantified using high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy images. Finally, it is shown how to optimize the experimental design so as to attain the highest precision. As an example, the optimization of the probe size for nanoparticle radius measurements is considered. It is also shown how to quantitatively balance signal-to-noise ratio and resolution by adjusting the probe size.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000301702400003	Publication Date	2011-11-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0968-4328;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.98	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.98; 2012 IF: 1.876
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94114			Serial	2099
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	Author	Witters, N.; Mendelsohn, R.; Van Passel, S.; Van Slycken, S.; Weyens, N.; Schreurs, E.; Meers, E.; Tack, F.; Vanheusden, B.; Vangronsveld, J.
	Title	Phytoremediation, a sustainable remediation technology? 2 : economic assessment of CO2 abatement through the use of phytoremediation crops for renewable energy production			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Biomass & Bioenergy	Abbreviated Journal	Biomass Bioenerg
	Volume	39	Issue		Pages	470-477
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Phytoremediation could be a sustainable remediation alternative for conventional remediation technologies. However, its implementation on a commercial scale remains disappointing. To emphasize its sustainability, this paper examines whether and how the potential economic benefit of CO2 abatement for different crops used for phytoremediation or sustainable land management purposes could promote phytotechnologies. Our analysis is based on a case study in the Campine region, where agricultural soils are contaminated with mainly cadmium. We use Life Cycle Analysis to show for the most relevant crops (willow (Salix spp), energy maize (Zea mays), and rapeseed (Brassica napus)), that phytoremediation, used for renewable energy production, could abate CO2. Converting this in economic numbers through the Marginal Abatement Cost of CO2 ( 20 ton−1) we can integrate this in the economic analysis to compare phytoremediation crops among each other, and phytoremediation with conventional technologies. The external benefit of CO2 abatement when using phytoremediation crops for land management ranges between 55 and 501 per hectare. The purpose of these calculations is not to calculate a subsidy for phytoremediation. There is no reason why one would prefer phytoremediation crops for renewable energy production over normal biomass. Moreover, subsidies for renewable energy already exist. Therefore, we should not integrate these numbers in the economic analysis again. However, these numbers could contribute to making explicit the competitive advantage of phytoremediation compared to conventional remediation technologies, but also add to a more sustainably funded decision on which crop should be grown on contaminated land.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000302829900054	Publication Date	2011-12-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0961-9534	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.219	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.219; 2012 IF: 2.975
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:129863			Serial	6236
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	Author	Wang, A.; Van Aert, S.; Goos, P.; van Dyck, D.
	Title	Precision of three-dimensional atomic scale measurements from HRTEM images : what are the limits?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	114	Issue		Pages	20-30
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	In this paper, we investigate to what extent high resolution transmission electron microscopy images can be used to measure the mass, in terms of thickness, and surface profile, corresponding to the defocus offset, of an object at the atomic scale. Therefore, we derive an expression for the statistical precision with which these object parameters can be estimated in a quantitative analysis. Evaluating this expression as a function of the microscope settings allows us to derive the optimal microscope design. Acquiring three-dimensional structure information in terms of thickness turns out to be much more difficult than obtaining two-dimensional information on the projected atom column positions. The attainable precision is found to be more strongly affected by processes influencing the image contrast, such as phonon scattering, than by the specific choice of microscope settings. For a realistic incident electron dose, it is expected that atom columns can be distinguished with single atom sensitivity up to a thickness of the order of the extinction distance. A comparable thickness limit is determined to measure surface steps of one atom. An increase of the electron dose shifts the limiting thickness upward due to an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000301954300003	Publication Date	2012-01-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2012 IF: 2.470
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94116			Serial	2692
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	Author	Meul, M.; Van Passel, S.; Fremaut, D.; Haesaert, G.
	Title	Higher sustainability performance of intensive grazing versus zero-grazing dairy systems			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Agronomy For Sustainable Development	Abbreviated Journal	Agron Sustain Dev
	Volume	32	Issue	3	Pages	629-638
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Although grazing of dairy cows is an integral part of dairy farming in many European countries, farmers today more often choose for zero-grazing systems, where cows are housed throughout the year. Some studies already compared grazing and zero-grazing systems for specific issues such as labor efficiency, environmental impact, or animal welfare. In our study, we perform a more integrated evaluation, considering relevant ecological, economic, and social aspects. This allows for a balanced and more complete comparison of the sustainability performance of the two production methods. We evaluated ten intensive grazing and ten zero-grazing specialized Flemish dairy farms on the use of nutrients and energy, productivity and profitability, labor input, and animal welfare. In addition, we put special effort in formulating useful management advice for farmers. Therefore, we combined a detailed analysis of the sustainability indicators with an intensive interaction and discussion with farmers and farm advisors. Results show that, on average, the zero-grazing farms performed significantly worse from an ecological and economic point of view. This fact is explained mainly due to a less efficient use of concentrates and byproducts. Social sustainability performance did not differ significantly between the two groups. As a result, the integrated sustainability performance was significantly lower for the zero-grazing group. This finding shows that a further shift from intensive grazing to zero-grazing can move dairy farming in Flanders further away from sustainability. An important advice to improve the ecological and economic performance of zero-grazing farms is to optimize cows' rations to include more forages and optimize forage production and use. More detailed site- and case-specific management advice for farmers of both groups was provided during a discussion meeting. We consider this an essential additional step to any sustainability evaluation, since progress can only be made when monitoring results are translated into practical measures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000306061800003	Publication Date	2012-01-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1774-0746	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.101	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.101; 2012 IF: 3.573
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127557			Serial	6209
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	Author	Maes, D.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Interference of regional support policies on the economic and environmental performance of a hybrid cogeneration-solar panel energy system			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Energy Policy	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Policy
	Volume	42	Issue		Pages	670-680
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	This paper assesses unintentional interference between different public policies promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy. The paper develops a methodology to study the interference by analysing the economic and technical behaviour of a hybrid energy system. The hybrid energy system in this case consists of an existing cogeneration unit extended with a new installation of thermal solar panels. This puts two complementary heating technologies in juxtaposition. The two technologies are supported with distinct regional support instruments in each region. The design and operation of the energy system is optimised from the point of view of the investor according to the different support instruments. The optimal configuration is analysed as well as its effect on reduced CO2-emissions during the lifetime of the project. The methodology is applied to a case-study for two neighbouring regions, the Netherlands and Flanders. The policies in the Netherlands show a beneficial synergy. In Flanders, the hybrid energy system is not interesting, indicating unbalanced high support for cogeneration in this case. From the point of view of the authorities, a more balanced regional policy as in the Netherlands provides a larger CO2-emission reduction for a smaller cost. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000301616000066	Publication Date	2012-01-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0301-4215; 1873-6777	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.14	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors would especially like to thank Davy Duelen for the excellent case-study and data collection that enabled the present paper. The help and information provided by Pierre Gijsen also made the detailed assessment possible. We are also indebted to two anonymous reviewers, whose remarks strongly improved the paper. This project has been financed by the Impulse-project of the tUL (transnational University Limburg). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.14; 2012 IF: 2.743
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127558			Serial	6220
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	Author	Ang, F.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Beyond the environmentalist's paradox and the debate on weak versus strong sustainability			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Bioscience	Abbreviated Journal	Bioscience
	Volume	62	Issue	3	Pages	251-259
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Environmentalists generally argue that ecological damage will (eventually) lead to declines in human well-being. From this perspective, the recent introduction of the “environmentalist's paradox” in BioScience by Raudsepp-Hearne and colleagues (2010) is particularly significant. In essence, Raudsepp-Hearne and colleagues (2010) claimed that although ecosystem services have been degraded, human well-being-paradoxically-has increased. In this article, we show that this debate is in fact rooted in a broader discussion on weak sustainability versus strong sustainability (the substitutability of human-made capital for natural capital). We warn against the reductive nature of focusing only on a stock flow framework in which a natural-capital stock produces ecosystem services. Concretely, we recommend a holistic approach in which the complexity, irreversibility, uncertainty, and ethical predicaments intrinsic to the natural environment and its connections to humanity are also considered.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000301561900008	Publication Date	2012-03-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0006-3568	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.378	Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes	; We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This aiticle has benefited considerably from interesting discussions (especially with Liesbet Vranken) at the 13th Belgian PhD Symposium of Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics, Brussels, on 27 April 2011. We are grateful for the financial support of the European Fund for Regional Development project 475, Closing the Circle. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.378; 2012 IF: 4.739
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127559			Serial	6160
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	Author	De Schepper, E.; Van Passel, S.; Manca, J.; Thewys, T.
	Title	Combining photovoltaics and sound barriers : a feasibility study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Renewable Energy	Abbreviated Journal	Renew Energ
	Volume	46	Issue		Pages	297-303
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	In the light of global warming, renewables such as solar photovoltaics (PV) are important to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. An important issue regarding implementation of solar panels on large scale, is the limited available area. Therefore, it can be interesting to combine PV with alternative applications, as a ways of not requiring “additional” space. One example is a photovoltaic noise barrier (PVNB), where a noise barrier located along a highway or railway is used as substructure for PV modules. Even though a PVNB is not a novel concept, the absence of economic assessments in literature can be a barrier to their wider implementation. In this paper, a feasibility study of a PVNB in Belgium is conducted, using a cost benefit analysis including a Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. Besides purely economic aspects, also ecological benefits are monetized. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the ecological benefit of noise reduction, which is valuated using a noise sensitivity depreciation index applied to real estate prices, is of major importance in determining the net present value of the case study. On the contrary, the impact of reducing CO2 emissions seems to be negligible when expressed in monetary terms. The results suggest that the PVNB as a whole and also its separate components -.e. the PV array and the noise barrier can be profitable projects, when ecological benefits are included. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000305169400036	Publication Date	2012-04-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-1481	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.357	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.357; 2012 IF: 2.989
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127555			Serial	6170
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	Author	Van Passel, S.; Dubois, M.; Eyckmans, J.; de Gheldere, S.; Ang, F.; Jones, P.T.; Van Acker, K.
	Title	The economics of enhanced landfill mining : private and societal performance drivers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal Of Cleaner Production	Abbreviated Journal	J Clean Prod
	Volume	55	Issue		Pages	92-102
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	This paper addresses the economics of Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM) both from a private point of view as well as from a society perspective. The private potential is assessed using a case study for which an investment model is developed to identify the impact of a broad range of parameters on the profitability of ELFM. We found that especially variations in Waste-to-Energy (WtE efficiency, electricity price, CO2-price, WtE investment and operational costs) and ELFM support explain the variation in economic profitability measured by the Internal Rate of Return. To overcome site-specific parameters we also evaluated the regional ELFM potential for the densely populated and industrial region of Flanders (north of Belgium). The total number of potential ELFM sites was estimated using a 5-step procedure and a simulation tool was developed to trade-off private costs and benefits. The analysis shows that there is a substantial economic potential for ELFM projects on the wider regional level. Furthermore, this paper also reviews the costs and benefits from a broader perspective. The carbon footprint of the case study was mapped in order to assess the project's net impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Also the impacts of nature restoration, soil remediation, resource scarcity and reduced import dependence were valued so that they can be used in future social cost-benefit analysis. Given the complex trade-off between economic, social and environmental issues of ELFM projects, we conclude that further refinement of the methodological framework and the development of the integrated decision tools supporting private and public actors, are necessary. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000322802300010	Publication Date	2012-04-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-6526	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.715	Times cited	65	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.715; 2013 IF: 3.590
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127550			Serial	6266
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	Author	Lizin, S.; Van Passel, S.; De Schepper, E.; Vranken, L.
	Title	The future of organic photovoltaic solar cells as a direct power source for consumer electronics			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Solar Energy Materials And Solar Cells	Abbreviated Journal	Sol Energ Mat Sol C
	Volume	103	Issue		Pages	1-10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	As the search for marketable photovoltaic solar cells continues, organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells have been identified as a technology with many attractive features for commercialization. Most photovoltaic technologies on the market today were improved in the consumer electronics market segment. A similar evolution has been envisioned for OPV. Hence this paper investigates consumer preferences for solar cells directly powering consumer electronics. Choice experiments were designed and responses were collected using a random sample of 300 individuals from the Flemish region (northern part of Belgium). Results allow for computation of attribute importance, willingness to pay (WTP), and simulation of theoretical market share. These measures point towards OPV being able to reach considerable market share in the long run, bearing in mind that efforts are first needed in elevating OPV's efficiency and lifetime as they most determine consumers' preferences. Price is found to be the least important product characteristic for OPV solar cells to be incorporated in consumer electronics devices. We therefore warn against generalizing attributes' importance across the boundaries of market segments. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000306044300001	Publication Date	2012-05-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0927-0248	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.784	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors would kindly want to express their gratitude towards every survey respondent and participant for their preliminary work. Also the authors are much obliged to INTERREG and the ORGANEXT project for their financial support, without which it would have been impossible to conduct this research. Last but not least, we would like to thank the reviewers for their insightful comments which allowed for fine tuning our work. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.784; 2012 IF: 4.630
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127556			Serial	6267
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	Author	Jones, P.T.; Geysen, D.; Tielemans, Y.; Van Passel, S.; Pontikes, Y.; Blanpain, B.; Quaghebeur, M.; Hoekstra, N.
	Title	Enhanced landfill mining in view of multiple resource recovery : a critical review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal Of Cleaner Production	Abbreviated Journal	J Clean Prod
	Volume	55	Issue		Pages	45-55
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	In a circular economy material loops are closed by recycling of pre-consumer manufacturing scrap/residues, urban mining of End-of-Life products and landfill mining of historic (and future) urban waste streams. However, in the past landfill mining was not performed with a focus on resource recovery. This paper addresses this gap by introducing the concept of Enhanced Landfill Mining, defined as the safe conditioning, excavation and integrated valorization of landfilled waste streams as both materials and energy, using innovative transformation technologies and respecting the most stringent social and ecological criteria. The feasibility of ELFM is studied by synthesizing the research on the Closing the Circle project, the first ELFM project targeting the 18 million metric ton landfill in Houthalen-Helchteren in the East of Belgium. It is argued that Environmental Impact Assessments of ELFM projects should be wide in scope and time. Embedded in a broad resource management perspective, the worldwide potential of ELFM is highlighted, in terms of climate gains, materials and energy utilization, job creation and land reclamation. The potential is quantified for the EU-27 with its 150,000-500,000 landfills. However, for ELFM to reach its full potential, strategic policy decisions and tailored support systems, including combined incentives for material recycling, energy utilization and nature restoration, are required. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000322802300005	Publication Date	2012-05-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-6526	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.715	Times cited	144	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge the European and Flemish authorities for the funding of, respectively, the EFRO project 'Closing the Circle, a demonstration of Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM)' and the IWT O&O Project 100517. The authors acknowledge the ELFM Consortium Members, including Karel Van Acker, Tom Van Gerven, Marc Craps, Alain De Vocht, Johan Eyckmans, Maarten Dubois, Koen Sips, Luk Umans, Maurice Ballard, Lieve Helsen and Anouk Bosmans. The authors acknowledge the members of the EU ELMIRE Consortium, in particular Hans Groot, Raffaello Cossu, William Hogland and Rainer Stegmann. Finally, the authors thank the reviewers for their critical comments and suggested improvements. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.715; 2013 IF: 3.590
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127549			Serial	6195
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	Author	Compernolle, T.; Van Passel, S.; Weyens, N.; Vangronsveld, J.; Lebbe, L.; Thewys, T.
	Title	Groundwater remediation and the cost effectiveness of phytoremediation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	International Journal Of Phytoremediation	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Phytoremediat
	Volume	14	Issue	9	Pages	861-877
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	In 1999, phytoremediation was applied at the site of a Belgian car factory to contain two BTEX plumes. This case study evaluates the cost effectiveness of phytoremediation compared to other remediation options, applying a tailored approach for economic evaluation. Generally, when phytoremediation is addressed as being cost effective, the cost effectiveness is only determined on an average basis. This study however, demonstrates that an incremental analysis may provide a more nuanced conclusion. When the cost effectiveness is calculated on an average basis, in this particular case, the no containment strategy (natural attenuation) has the lowest cost per unit mass removed and hence, should be preferred. However, when the cost effectiveness is determined incrementally, no containment should only be preferred if the value of removing an extra gram of contaminant mass is lower than 320. Otherwise, a permeable reactive barrier should be adopted. A similar analysis is provided for the effect determined on the basis of remediation time. Phytoremediation is preferred compared to no containment if reaching the objective one year earlier is worth 7 000.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000304914700004	Publication Date	2012-06-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1522-6514	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.77	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.77; 2012 IF: 1.179
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:129862			Serial	6206
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	Author	Van Dael, M.; Van Passel, S.; Pelkmans, L.; Guisson, R.; Swinnen, G.; Schreurs, E.
	Title	Determining potential locations for biomass valorization using a macro screening approach			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Biomass & Bioenergy	Abbreviated Journal	Biomass Bioenerg
	Volume	45	Issue		Pages	175-186
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	European policy states that by 2020 at least 20% of final energy consumption should come from renewable energy sources. Biomass as a renewable energy source cannot be disregarded in order to attain this target. In this study a macro screening approach is developed to determine potential locations for biomass valorization in a specified region. The approach consists of five steps: (1) criteria determination, (2) data gathering, (3) weight assignment, (4) final score, (5) spatial representation. The resulting outcome provides a first well balanced scan of the possibilities for energy production using regional biomass. This way policy makers and investors can be supported and motivated to study the possibilities of building energy production plants at specific locations in more detail, which can be described as a 'micro-screening'. In our case study the approach is applied to determine the potentially interesting locations to establish a biomass project. The region has been limited to the forty-four communities in the province of Limburg (Belgium). The macro screening approach has shown to be very effective since the amount of interesting locations has been reduced drastically. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000308384500019	Publication Date	2012-06-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0961-9534	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.219	Times cited	23	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from INTERREG and the province of Limburg. Special thanks to our colleague Thomas Voets for his effort in making the GIS maps. Moreover, the authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.219; 2012 IF: 2.975
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127554			Serial	6178
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	Author	Van Dael, M.; Van Passel, S.; Pelkmans, L.; Guisson, R.; Reumermann, P.; Luzardo, N.M.; Witters, N.; Broeze, J.
	Title	A techno-economic evaluation of a biomass energy conversion park			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Applied Energy	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Energ
	Volume	104	Issue		Pages	611-622
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Biomass as a renewable energy source has many advantages and is therefore recognized as one of the main renewable energy sources to be deployed in order to attain the target of 20% renewable energy use of final energy consumption by 2020 in Europe. In this paper the concept of a biomass Energy Conversion Park (ECP) is introduced. A biomass ECP can be defined as a synergetic, multi-dimensional biomass conversion site with a highly integrated set of conversion technologies in which a multitude of regionally available biomass (residue) sources are converted into energy and materials. A techno-economic assessment is performed on a case study in the Netherlands to illustrate the concept and to comparatively assess the highly integrated system with two mono-dimensional models. The three evaluated models consist of (1) digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, (2) co-digestion of manure and co-substrates, and (3) integration. From a socio-economic point of view it can be concluded that it is economically and energetically more interesting to invest in the integrated model than in two separate models. The integration is economically feasible and environmental benefits can be realized. For example, the integrated model allows the implementation of a co-digester. Unmanaged manure would otherwise represent a constant pollution risk. However, from an investor's standpoint one should firstly invest in the municipal solid waste digester since the net present value (NPV) of this mono-dimensional model is higher than that of the multi-dimensional model. A sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most influencing parameters. Our results are of interest for companies involved in the conversion of biomass. The conclusions are useful for policy makers when deciding on policy instruments concerning manure processing or biogas production. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000316152700062	Publication Date	2012-12-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0306-2619	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.182	Times cited	45	Open Access
	Notes	; We would like to thank the editor and the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions and insightful comments that have significantly improved the paper. Furthermore, the authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from INTERREG and the province of Limburg (Belgium). Also, we would like to thank all remaining partners of the ECP project (Eloi Schreurs, Dries Maes, Kristian Coppoolse, Han ten Berge, Bert Annevelink, Nathalie Devriendt, Erwin Cornelissen, Hannes Pieper, Pieter Vollaard, Jan Venselaar, and Hessel Abbink Spaink) for their support and contributions. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude towards the organization of the eighth International Conference on Renewable Resources and Biorefineries in Toulouse (France) for giving us the opportunity to present and thereby fine-tune our work. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.182; 2013 IF: 5.261
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127552			Serial	6145
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	Author	Lizin, S.; Leroy, J.; Delvenne, C.; Dijk, M.; De Schepper, E.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	A patent landscape analysis for organic photovoltaic solar cells : identifying the technology's development phase			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Renewable Energy	Abbreviated Journal	Renew Energ
	Volume	57	Issue		Pages	5-11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Organic photovoltaics (OPV) have developed into a vast research area. Progress in various directions has made it difficult to monitor the technology's precise development state. We offer a patent landscape analysis over all OPV devices, their substrates and encapsulation materials to provide an overview of patenting activity from a historical, organizational, geographical and technological point of view. Such an exercise is instrumental for private companies and research institutes aiming at both internal or external technology creation. We discuss our findings in the context of the Industrial Life Cycle model and find OPV still residing in the fluid technology development phase. Technology development is still following an exponential growth path, with the majority of patents coming from the Asian continent and in general private companies. For devices, the main technological focus can be traced back to the “H01L-031” international patent classification (IPC) main group. For the queried substrates, the most attention has gone to glass, but paper and textile have drawn significant interest too. Finally, encapsulation is found to be a less mature research field given the smaller number of patent families. The latter shows that the technology has not matured to the level where processing is carried out on a commercial scale. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000319025000002	Publication Date	2013-02-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-1481	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.357	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors are much obliged to INTERREG for their financial support of the ORGANEXT project (www.organext.org), without which it would have been impossible to conduct this research. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.357; 2013 IF: 3.361
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127551			Serial	6143
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	Author	Reniers, G.; Sörensen, K.; Vrancken, K.
	Title	Management principles of sustainable industrial chemistry : theories, concepts and industrial examples for achieving sustainable chemical products and processes from a non-technological viewpoint			Type	ME1 Book as editor or co-editor
	Year	2013	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	274 p.
	Keywords	ME1 Book as editor or co-editor; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2013-03-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-527-33099-7; 978-3-527-64948-8	Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:106565			Serial	8198
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	Author	Reniers, G.; Sörensen, K.; Vrancken, K.
	Title	Sustainable industrial chemistry from a nontechnological viewpoint			Type	H1 Book chapter
	Year	2013	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	33-41 T2 - Management principles of sustainable in
	Keywords	H1 Book chapter; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2013-03-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	9783527330997; 9783527649488	Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:106566			Serial	8629
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Lizin, S.; Van Passel, S.; De Schepper, E.; Maes, W.; Lutsen, L.; Manca, J.; Vanderzande, D.
	Title	Life cycle analyses of organic photovoltaics : a review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Energy & Environmental Science	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Environ Sci
	Volume	6	Issue	11	Pages	3136-3149
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	This paper reviews the available life cycle analysis (LCA) literature on organic photovoltaics (OPVs). This branch of OPV research has focused on the environmental impact of single-junction bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells using a P3HT/PC60BM active layer blend processed on semi-industrial pilot lines in ambient surroundings. The environmental impact was found to be strongly decreasing through continuous innovation of the manufacturing procedures. The current top performing cell regarding environmental performance has a cumulative energy demand of 37.58 MJp m(-2) and an energy payback time in the order of months for cells having 2% efficiency, thereby rendering OPV cells one of the best performing PV technologies from an environmental point of view. Nevertheless, we find that LCA literature is lagging behind on the main body of OPV literature due to the lack of readily available input data. Still, LCA research has led us to believe that in the quest for higher efficiencies, environmental sustainability is being disregarded on the materials' side. Hence, we advise the scientific community to take the progress made on environmental sustainability aspects of OPV preparations into account not only because standard procedures put a bigger strain on the environment, but also because these methods may not be transferrable to an industrial process. Consequently, we recommend policy makers to subsidize research that bridges the gaps between fundamental materials research, stability, and scalability given that these constraints have to be fulfilled simultaneously if OPVs are ever to be successful on the market. Additionally, environmental sustainability will have to keep on being monitored to steer future developments in the right direction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000325946400002	Publication Date	2013-10-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1754-5692; 1754-5706	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	29.518	Times cited	124	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors are much obliged to both the INTERREG ORGAN-EXT project and FP7 MOLESOL project for their financial support, without which it would have been impossible to conduct this research. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 29.518; 2013 IF: 15.490
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127548			Serial	6223
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	Author	Van Dael, M.; Marquez, N.; Reumerman, P.; Pelkmans, L.; Kuppens, T.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Development and techno-economic evaluation of a biorefinery based on biomass (waste) streams : case study in the Netherlands			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr	Abbreviated Journal	Biofuel Bioprod Bior
	Volume	8	Issue	5	Pages	635-644
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	In this paper, the technical and economic advantages of combining conversion technologies into a multi-dimensional plant primarily using regional biomass residues are investigated. The main objective is to show how locally available biomass can be used more efficiently as a source for renewable energy and bio-based products. Therefore, not only is the theoretical perspective considered, but also a reality check for the local situation is taken into account. Although industrial attitude toward biorefineries is positive, the efficient production of a portfolio of bio-based products has not yet been implemented. A biorefinery concept for Moerdijk (the Netherlands) was developed, focusing on grass refining, production of pyrolysis oil, biodiesel production, and bio-LNG production. Grass refining is the most experimental technique of all proposed conversion techniques. In terms of development, pyrolysis oil and bio-LNG production are in the demonstration phase. Anaerobic digestion and biodiesel production are proven techniques. It is shown that this concept allows for synergies with regard to the utilization of residue flows from internal processes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that by integrating different conversion technologies, an economically feasible concept can be developed in which technologies, currently residing in a demonstration phase, can also be brought to the market. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000342662200015	Publication Date	2013-11-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-104x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.694	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	; We would like to thank the editor and the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions and insightful comments that have significantly improved the paper. The Energy Conversion Parks (ECP) project is funded by the Interreg IVa – Flanders-Netherlands program from the European Fund for Regional Development that stimulates cross-border projects. Also the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Flemish Government, the Provinces of Noord-Brabant (NL), Zeeland (NL), Limburg (BE) and the partners (VITO, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hasselt University, and Zeeland University of Applied Sciences) themselves are co-financing the project. We also would like to express our gratitude toward the organization of the 2nd Iberoamerican Congress on Biorefineries in Jaen (Spain) for giving us the opportunity to present and thereby fine-tune our work. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.694; 2014 IF: 4.214
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127541			Serial	6180
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	Author	Maes, D.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Advantages and limitations of exergy indicators to assess sustainability of bioenergy and biobased materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Impact Asses
	Volume	45	Issue		Pages	19-29
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Innovative bioenergy projects show a growing diversity in biomass pathways, transformation technologies and end-products, leading to complex new processes. Existing energy-based indicators are not designed to include multiple impacts and are too constrained to assess the sustainability of these processes. Alternatively, indicators based on exergy, a measure of “qualitative energy”, could allow a more holistic view. Exergy is increasingly applied in analyses of both technical and biological processes. But sustainability assessments including exergy calculations, are not very common and are not generally applicable to all types of impact. Hence it is important to frame the use of exergy for inclusion in a sustainability assessment. This paper reviews the potentials and the limitations of exergy calculations, and presents solutions for coherent aggregation with other metrics. The resulting approach is illustrated in a case study. Within the context of sustainability assessment of bioenergy, exergy is a suitable metric for the impacts that require an ecocentric interpretation, and it allows aggregation on a physical basis. The use of exergy is limited to a measurement of material and energy exchanges with the sun, biosphere and lithosphere. Exchanges involving services or human choices are to be measured in different metrics. This combination provides a more inclusive and objective sustainability assessment, especially compared to standard energy- or carbon-based indicators. Future applications of this approach in different situations are required to clarify the potential of exergy-based indicators in a sustainability context. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000331924600003	Publication Date	2013-12-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0195-9255	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.094	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.094; 2014 IF: 2.400
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127545			Serial	6147
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	Author	Martinez, G.T.; de Backer, A.; Rosenauer, A.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Aert, S.
	Title	The effect of probe inaccuracies on the quantitative model-based analysis of high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy images			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Micron	Abbreviated Journal	Micron
	Volume	63	Issue		Pages	57-63
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Quantitative structural and chemical information can be obtained from high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM) images when using statistical parameter estimation theory. In this approach, we assume an empirical parameterized imaging model for which the total scattered intensities of the atomic columns are estimated. These intensities can be related to the material structure or composition. Since the experimental probe profile is assumed to be known in the description of the imaging model, we will explore how the uncertainties in the probe profile affect the estimation of the total scattered intensities. Using multislice image simulations, we analyze this effect for Cs corrected and non-Cs corrected microscopes as a function of inaccuracies in cylindrically symmetric aberrations, such as defocus and spherical aberration of third and fifth order, and non-cylindrically symmetric aberrations, such as 2-fold and 3-fold astigmatism and coma.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000338402500011	Publication Date	2014-01-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0968-4328;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.98	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	FWO (G.0393.11; G.0064.10; G.0374.13; G.0044.13); European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7); ERC GrantNo. 246791-COUNTATOMS and ERC Starting Grant No. 278510-VORTEX. A.R. thanks the DFG under contract number RO2057/8-1.The research leading to these results has received funding fromthe European Union 7th Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013]under grant agreement no. 312483 (ESTEEM2).; esteem2ta ECASJO;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.98; 2014 IF: 1.988
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:113857UA @ admin @ c:irua:113857			Serial	831
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	Author	Vanschoenwinkel, J.; Lizin, S.; Swinnen, G.; Azadi, H.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Solar cooking in Senegalese villages : an application of best-worst scaling			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Energy Policy	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Policy
	Volume	67	Issue		Pages	447-458
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sociology; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Dissemination programs of nontraditional cookstoves often fail. Nontraditional cookstoves aim to solve problems associated with biomass fuel usage in developing countries. Recent studies do not explain what drives user's cookstove choice. This study therefore builds a holistic framework that centralizes product-specific preferences or needs. The case study identifies product-specific factors that influence rural Senegalese inhabitants to switch to solar cooking, using best worst scaling. Looking at the preferences, the case study classified 126 respondents, in three distinct market segments with different solar cooking expectations. The paper identifies socio-demographic characteristics that explain these differences in the respondents' preferences. Finally, the respondent sample is divided in two groups: solar cooker owners and non-owners. When studied with regard to the same issue, solar cooker owners appear to value benefits of the solar cooker lower than non-owners. This is due to program factors (such as formations, after-sales network) and miscommunication (such as a wrong image of the solar cooker) that highly influenced the respondents' cookstove choice. As a conclusion, solar cookers and solar cooking programs are not always adapted to the needs and requirements of the end-users. Needs-oriented and end-user adopted strategies are necessary in order to successfully implement nontraditional cookstoves programs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000332815300043	Publication Date	2014-01-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0301-4215; 1873-6777	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.14	Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors thank the VLIR-UOS for their financial support and the Sol Suffit Program for their co-operation during the research. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.14; 2014 IF: 2.575
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127544			Serial	6251
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	Author	De Schepper, E.; Van Passel, S.; Lizin, S.; Achten, W.M.J.; Van Acker, K.
	Title	Cost-efficient emission abatement of energy and transportation technologies : mitigation costs and policy impacts for Belgium			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Clean Technologies And Environmental Policy	Abbreviated Journal	Clean Technol Envir
	Volume	16	Issue	6	Pages	1107-1118
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	In the light of global warming, this paper develops a framework to compare energy and transportation technologies in terms of cost-efficient GHG emission reduction. We conduct a simultaneous assessment of economic and environmental performances through life cycle costing and life cycle assessment. To calculate the GHG mitigation cost, we create reference systems within the base scenario. Further, we extend the concept of the mitigation cost, allowing (i) comparision of technologies given a limited investment resource, and (ii) evaluation of the direct impact of policy measures by means of the subsidized mitigation cost. The framework is illustrated with a case of solar photovoltaics (PV), grid powered battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and solar powered BEVs for a Belgian small and medium sized enterprise. The study's conclusions are that the mitigation cost of solar PV is high, even though this is a mature technology. The emerging mass produced BEVs on the other hand are found to have a large potential for cost-efficient GHG mitigation as indicated by their low cost of mitigation. Finally, based on the subsidized mitigation cost, we conclude that the current financial stimuli for all three investigated technologies are excessive when compared to the CO2 market value under the EU Emission Trading Scheme.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000339874900010	Publication Date	2014-02-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1618-954x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.331	Times cited	14	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.331; 2014 IF: 1.934
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127543			Serial	6175
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	Author	Maes, D.; Van Dael, M.; Vanheusden, B.; Goovaerts, L.; Reumerman, P.; Luzardo, N.M.; Van Passel, S.
	Title	Assessment of the sustainability guidelines of EU Renewable Energy Directive : the case of biorefineries			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal Of Cleaner Production	Abbreviated Journal	J Clean Prod
	Volume	88	Issue		Pages	61-70
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	Sustainability guidelines can help to safeguard the sustainable use of biological materials. When these guidelines are legally prescribed, their influence on the economic viability of bioenergy, biofuel and bioliquid projects is increased substantially, through their impact on national subsidy regimes and international trade. One of the key examples is the European directive 2009/28/EC, or the Renewable Energy Directive (RED), and the related COM/2010/11 that integrate guidelines for calculating greenhouse gas impact for various bioenergy pathways. This paper looks further into the sustainability results when influenced by principal decisions that are legally open for debate. Therefore, a concise review is conducted of the legal state-of-the-art on whether a product is waste or not. The review pinpoints uncertainty, leading to four potential legal scenarios. The sustainability of a complex biorefinery is analysed for each scenario. The results show (i) a high sensitivity to the principal decisions on the nature of waste materials in the scenarios, and (ii) to the definition of boundaries between the processes. More detailed rules for the application of the RED guidelines are needed, and should be complemented with methods specifically targeting all relevant sustainability aspects, thereby enhancing the overall understanding of the sustainability of the process. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000347771100007	Publication Date	2014-04-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-6526	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.715	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	; We would like to thank the editor and the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions and insightful comments that have significantly improved the paper. The 'Energy Conversion Parks' (ECP) project is funded as Project nr IVA-VLANED-2.39 by the Interreg IVa-Flanders-Netherlands program from the European Fund for Regional Development that stimulates cross border projects. Also the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Flemish Government, the Provinces of Noord-Brabant (NL), Zeeland (NL), Limburg (BE) and the partners (VITO, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hasselt University, and Zeeland University of Applied Sciences) themselves are co-financing the project. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude towards the organization of the eighth Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment systems in Dubrovnik (Croatia) for giving us the opportunity to present and thereby fine-tune our work. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.715; 2015 IF: 3.844
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127538			Serial	6157
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