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Author De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; Vertongen, R.; Van Loon, A.; Gonzalez, V.; Delaney, J.; Dooley, K.; Dik, J.; van der Snickt, G.; Vandivere, A.; Janssens, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction imaging reveals Vermeer's discriminating use of lead white pigments in Girl with a Pearl Earring Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Science Advances Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 5 Issue 8 Pages eaax1975  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract Until the 19th century, lead white was the most important white pigment used in oil paintings. Lead white is typically composed of two crystalline lead carbonates: hydrocerussite [2PbCO(3)center dot Pb(OH)(2)] and cerussite (PbCO3). Depending on the ratio between hydrocerussite and cerussite, lead white can be classified into different subtypes, each with different optical properties. Current methods to investigate and differentiate between lead white subtypes involve invasive sampling on a microscopic scale, introducing problems of paint damage and representativeness. In this study, a 17th century painting Girl with a Pearl Earring (by Johannes Vermeer, c. 1665, collection of the Mauritshuis, NL) was analyzed with a recently developed mobile and noninvasive macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) scanner within the project Girl in the Spotlight. Four different subtypes of lead white were identified using XRPD imaging at the macroscopic and microscopic scale, implying that Vermeer was highly discriminatory in his use of lead white.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000491121200021 Publication Date 2019-08-30  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2375-2548 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 3 Open Access  
  Notes ; K.J. wishes to thank the Research Council of the University of Antwerp for financial support through GOA project SolarPaint. Also, FWO, Brussels is acknowledged for financial support through grants G056619N and G054719N. The support of InterReg programme Smart*Light is appreciated. ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:163815 Serial 5700  
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Author Vanmeert, F.; de Nolf, W.; De Meyer, S.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction scanning, a new method for highly selective chemical imaging of works of art : instrument optimization Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2018 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 90 Issue 11 Pages 6436-6444  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In the past decade macroscopic X-ray fluorescence imaging (MA-XRF) has become established as a method for the noninvasive investigation of flat painted surfaces, yielding large scale elemental maps. MA-XRF is limited by a lack of specificity, only allowing for indirect pigment identification based on the simultaneous presence of chemical elements. The high specificity of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) mapping is already being exploited at synchrotron facilities for investigations at the (sub)microscopic scale, but the technique has not yet been employed using lab sources. In this paper we present the development of a novel MA-XRPD/XRF instrument based on a laboratory X-ray source. Several combinations of X-ray sources and area detectors are evaluated in terms of their spatial and angular resolution and their sensitivity. The highly specific imaging capability of the combined MA-XRPD/XRF instrument is demonstrated on a 15th/16th century illuminated manuscript directly revealing the distribution of a large number of inorganic pigments, including the uncommon yellow pigment massicot (o-PbO). The case study illustrates the wealth of new mapping information that can be obtained in a noninvasive manner using the laboratory MA-XRPD/XRF instrument.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000434893200019 Publication Date 2018-04-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 11 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors thank the persons involved at Incoatec GmbH, imXPAD SAS and Dectris Ltd. for loaning us some of their products over the past years. We acknowledge financial support from BELSPO (Brussels) S2-ART, the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts “ReVisRembrandt” Project and GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council). Photo Copyright Geert Van der Snickt, 2008 for the photograph of the illuminated manuscript in the TOC graphic. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:151993 Serial 5701  
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Author Vanmeert, F.; de Nolf, W.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction scanning : possibilities for quantitative and depth-selective parchment analysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2018 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 90 Issue 11 Pages 6445-6452  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract At or below the surface of painted works of art, valuable information is present that provides insights into an objects past, such as the artists technique and the creative process that was followed or its conservation history but also on its current state of preservation. Various noninvasive techniques have been developed over the past 2 decades that can probe this information either locally (via point analysis) or on a macroscopic scale (e.g., full-field imaging and raster scanning). Recently macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) mapping using laboratory X-ray sources was developed. This method can visualize highly specific chemical distributions at the macroscale (dm(2)). In this work we demonstrate the synergy between the quantitative aspects of powder diffraction and the noninvasive scanning capability of MA-XRPD highlighting the potential of the method to reveal new types of information. Quantitative data derived from a 15th/16th century illuminated sheet of parchment revealed three lead white pigments with different hydrocerussite-cerussite compositions in specific pictorial elements, while quantification analysis of impurities in the blue azurite pigment revealed two distinct azurite types: one rich in barite and one in quartz. Furthermore, on the same artifact, the depth-selective possibilities of the method that stem from an exploitation of the shift of the measured diffraction peaks with respect to reference data are highlighted. The influence of different experimental parameters on the depth-selective analysis results is briefly discussed. Promising stratigraphic information could be obtained, even though the analysis is hampered by not completely understood variations in the unit cell dimensions of the crystalline pigment phases.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000434893200020 Publication Date 2018-04-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 6 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors thank Incoatec GmbH for giving us the opportunity to test the I mu S Cu X-ray source. We acknowledge financial support from BELSPO (Brussels) S2-ART, the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts “ReVisRembrandt” project, and GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council). Photo Copyright Geert Van der Snickt, 2008 for the photograph of the illuminated manuscript in the TOC graphic. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:151994 Serial 5702  
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Author Castanheiro, A.; Samson, R.; De Wael, K. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Magnetic- and particle-based techniques to investigate metal deposition on urban green Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal Sci Total Environ  
  Volume 571 Issue Pages 594-602  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Urban green works as a recorder of atmospheric PM. This paper reports on the utility of combining magnetic- and particle-based techniques to investigate PM leaf deposition as a bio-indicator of metal pollution. Ivy (Hedera helix) leaves were collected from five different land use classes, i.e. forest, rural, roadside, industrial, train. Leaf magnetic measurements were done in terms of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (leaf SIRM), while ca. 40,000 leaf-deposited particles were analyzed through SEM/EDX to estimate the elemental composition. The influence of the different land use classes was registered both magnetically and in terms of metal content. Leaf area-normalized SIRM values ranged from 19.9 to 444.0 μA, in the following order forest < rural < roadside < industrial < train. Leaf SIRM showed to be significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with the content in Fe, Zn, and Pb, followed by Mn and Cd (p < 0.05), while no significant correlation was found with the metals Cr and Cu. Although presenting a similar metal content, roadside and train were magnetically very distinct. By exhibiting a very high content in Pb, and with an Fe content being comparable to the one observed at the forest and rural land uses, the industrial leaf-deposited particles showed to be mainly due to industrial activity. While SEM/EDX is a suitable approach for detailed particle analysis, leaf SIRM of ivy can be used as a rapid discriminatory tool for metal pollution. Their complementary use delivers further knowledge on land use classes reflecting different PM conditions and/or sources.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000383930400059 Publication Date 2016-07-16  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.9 Times cited 17 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by a PhD grant of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). The authors thank W. Dorrine for his help and supervision on operating the SEM, and G. Nuyts and K Wuyts for their valuable comments on data treatment The authors also acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.9  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:134845 Serial 5703  
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Author Schalm, O.; Proost, K.; De Vis, K.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; Mees, F.; Jacobs, P.; Caen, J. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Manganese staining of archaeological glass : the characterization of Mn-rich inclusions in leached layers and a hypothesis of its formation Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2011 Publication Archaeometry Abbreviated Journal Archaeometry  
  Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages 103-122  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract During the study of a large number of archaeological glass fragments, manganese-rich inclusions in leached layers were observed in a limited number of cases. This phenomenon occurs only in black-coloured leached layers. Since the formation mechanism of such manganese-rich inclusions is still unclear, a combination of several analytical techniques was used in order to investigate this phenomenon and, more specifically, to obtain more information on (a) the composition and morphology of the inclusions, (b) the chemical state of Mn and (c) the 3D morphology of the inclusions. A mechanism that might explain the formation of these inclusions is proposed.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000285418100006 Publication Date 2010-07-22  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-813x; 1475-4754 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.47 Times cited 24 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.47; 2011 IF: 1.183  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:88754 Serial 5704  
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Author van der Snickt, G.; Miliani, C.; Janssens, K.; Brunetti, B.G.; Romani, A.; Rosi, F.; Walter, P.; Castaing, J.; de Nolf, W.; Klaassen, L.; Labarque, I.; Wittermann, R. doi  openurl
  Title Material analyses of “Christ with singing and music-making Angels”, a late 15th-C panel painting attributed to Hans Memling and assistants : part 1 : non-invasive in situ investigations Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2011 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal J Anal Atom Spectrom  
  Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 2216-2229  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In cultural heritage science, compositional data is traditionally obtained from works of art through the analysis of samples by means of various bench-top instruments (scanning electron microscope, Raman spectrometer, etc.). Alternatively, the object can be transported to a laboratory where it may be examined, usually by spectroscopic methods working in reflection mode. However, this paper describes how a complementary set of mobile and portable instruments was deployed in situ to gain a comprehensive view on the materials and related ageing compounds of an (almost) unmovable 15th-C polyptych, prior to and in preparation of the extraction of a limited number of samples. In line with the methodological approach discussed, PXRF was first employed as an efficient screening tool. The ensuing elemental data was supplemented by more specific information on both organic as inorganic materials supplied by reflection near- and mid-FTIR spectroscopy and fluorimetry. In completion, a limited number of diffraction patterns were collected with a mobile XRD instrument in order to identify the constituent crystalline phases in pigments, grounding materials and degradation products. In this way, it could be demonstrated how a rich array of colours was obtained by means of a limited palette of pigments: lead white, lead tin yellow, azurite, natural ultramarine, bone black, vermillion, madder lake, and a green copper-organo complex were detected and situated on the panels. Remarkably, next to chalk also gypsum was found in the ground layer(s) of this Western European easel painting. The relatively large surface of the background was covered with gold leaf; the analyses seem to point towards the labour-intensive water gilding technique. The versatility of this combination of analytical techniques was further illustrated by the accurate characterisation of degradation products affecting the readability and conservation of the painting: the overall presence of a calcium oxalate-based film of variable thickness was established. Nevertheless, further analysis of cross-sectioned samples was considered desirable in order to study the stratigraphy, to gain direct access to altered and sub-imposed layers and to allow highly detailed analysis of micrometric degradation products by state-of-the art techniques (i.e. synchrotron radiation).  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000296021800010 Publication Date 2011-09-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.379 Times cited 32 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0103.04, G.0689.06 and G.0704.08. The staff of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp is acknowledged for this pleasant cooperation and the authorisation for the publication of the images in this article. Therefore, a word of gratitude to Paul Huvenne, Yolande Deckers, Stef Antonissen and Gwen Borms. In addition, the authors would like to thank the MOLAB's team operators Chiari Anselmi and Federica Presciutti. MOLAB analyses have been carried out through the support of the EU within the 6th Framework Programme (Contract Eu-ARTECH, RII3-CT-2004-506171). ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:93680 Serial 5705  
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Author Lybaert, J.; Tehrani, K.A.; De Wael, K. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Mediated electrolysis of vicinal diols by neocuproine palladium catalysts Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2017 Publication Electrochimica acta Abbreviated Journal Electrochim Acta  
  Volume 247 Issue Pages 685-691  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Organic synthesis (ORSY)  
  Abstract Synthetic electrochemistry agrees well with the principles of sustainable chemistry, therefore it is considered as a more environmentally friendly approach than some current synthetic methods Here, we present a new strategy for the chemoselective oxidation of vicinal diols, viz. the integration of neocuproine palladium catalysts and electrosynthesis. Benzoquinones are used as an effective mediator as the reduced species (hydroquinones) can be easily reoxidized at relative low potentials at an electrode surface. NeocuproinePd(OAc)2 efficiently works as a catalyst in an electrolysis reaction for vicinal diols at room temperature. This is a remarkable observation given the fact that aerobic oxidation reactions of alcohols typically need a more complex catalyst, i.e. [neocuproinePdOAc]2[OTf]2. In this article we describe the optimization of the electrolysis conditions for the neocuproinePd(OAc)2 catalyst to selectively oxidize diols. The suggested approach leads to conversion of alcohols with high yields and provides an interesting alternative to perform oxidation reactions under mild conditions by the aid of electrochemistry.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000408582300072 Publication Date 2017-07-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0013-4686 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.798 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.798  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:144118 Serial 5706  
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Author Schalm, O.; de Raedt, I.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title A methodology for the identification of glass panes of different origin in a single stained glass window: application on two 13th century windows Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2010 Publication Journal of cultural heritage Abbreviated Journal J Cult Herit  
  Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 487-492  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The chemical composition of 11 glass panes originating from two 13th century non-figurative windows were analyzed by means of Scanning Electron MicroscopyEnergy Dispersive X-ray system (SEM-EDX). The windows were discovered in the back-wall of the triforium during the restoration of the choir of the cathedral St. Michael and St. Gudule in Brussels (Belgium). In order to determine if these windows were fabricated with glass of different origin or not, the compositional difference between the panes were compared with the variation in composition as a result of the following causes: (1) compositional fluctuation between panes cut from the same sheet of glass, (2) compositional fluctuation caused when panes are cut from different sheets that were made with the same batch, (3) compositional fluctuation caused when the glass is made from different batches at the same production center, and (4) compositional fluctuation as a result of glass produced at different fabrication centers.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000282680500016 Publication Date 2010-07-07  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1296-2074 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.838 Times cited 7 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.838; 2010 IF: 1.162  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:84942 Serial 5707  
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Author Janssens, K. openurl 
  Title Methods 4: elemental analysis (AAS/AES/X-ray fluorescence) Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:42917 Serial 5708  
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Author Claes, M.; van Ham, R.; Janssens, K.; Van Grieken, R.; Klockenkämper, R.; von Bohlen, A. openurl 
  Title Micro-analysis of artists' pigments by grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1999 Publication Advances in X-ray analysis Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue Pages 262-277  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0376-0308 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:24653 Serial 5709  
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Author Lind, O.C.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; Salbu, B. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Micro-analytical characterisation of radioactive heterogeneities in samples from Central Asian TENORM sites Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of environmental radioactivity Abbreviated Journal J Environ Radioactiv  
  Volume 123 Issue Pages 63-70  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The present work focuses on the use of micro-analytical techniques to demonstrate the heterogeneous distribution of radionuclides and metals in soils collected at Former Soviet Union mining sites in Central Asia. Based on digital autoradiography, radionuclides were heterogeneously distributed in soil samples collected at the abandoned uranium mining sites Kurday, Kazakhstan, Kadji Sai, Kyrgyzstan and Taboshar, Tajikistan. Using electron microscopy interfaced with X-ray microanalysis submicron – mm-sized radioactive particles and rock fragments with U, As, Se and toxic metals on the surfaces were identified in Kurday and Kadji Sai samples. Employing scanning and tomographic (3D) synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray fluorescence (mu-SRXRF) and synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray diffraction (mu-SRXRD) allowed us to observe the inner structure of the particles without physical sectioning. The distribution of elements in virtual crosssections demonstrated that U and a series of toxic elements were rather heterogeneously distributed also within individual radioactive TENORM particles. Compared to archived data, U in Kadji Sai particles was present as uraninite (U4O9+y or UO2+x) or Na-zippeite aNa(4)(UO2)(6)[(OH)(10)(SO4)(3)]center dot 4H(2)O), i.e. U minerals with very low solubility. The results suggested that TENORM particles can carry substantial amount of radioactivity, which can be subject to re-suspension, atmospheric transport and water transport. Thus, the potential radioecological and radioanalytical impact of radioactive particles at NORM and TENORM sites worldwide should be taken into account. The present work also demonstrates that radioecological studies should benefit from the use of advanced methods such as synchrotron radiation based techniques. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000321177200007 Publication Date 2012-03-16  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0265-931x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.31 Times cited 16 Open Access  
  Notes ; We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the European Commission (HASYLAB proposal I-20070051 EC and II-20090184 EC). The authors are indebted to Dr. Karen Appel and Dr. Manuela Borchert, Hasylab for beamline assistance. ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.31; 2013 IF: 3.571  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:109558 Serial 5710  
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Author Adams, F.; Adriaens, A.; Aerts, A.; de Raedt, I.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O. doi  openurl
  Title Micro and surface analysis in archaeology Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1997 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal J Anal Atom Spectrom  
  Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 257-265  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos A1997WN16300001 Publication Date 2002-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.379 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.379; 1997 IF: 3.595  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:16274 Serial 5711  
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Author Rindby, A.; Engström, P.; Janssens, K.; Osán, J. openurl 
  Title Micro-distribution of heavy elements in highly inhomogeneous particles generated from μ-beam XRF/XRD analysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1997 Publication Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms Abbreviated Journal Nucl Instrum Meth B  
  Volume 124 Issue Pages 591-604  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0168-583x ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor 1.109 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.109; 1997 IF: 1.016  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:21715 Serial 5712  
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Author Kempenaers, L.; de Koster, C.; van Borm, W.; Janssens, K. doi  openurl
  Title Micro-heterogeneity study of trace elements in BCR CRM 680 by means of synchrotron micro-XRF Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2001 Publication Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 369 Issue Pages 733-737  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000168522500038 Publication Date 2002-10-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0937-0633 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 15 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:34150 Serial 5713  
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Author Kempenaers, L.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Janssens, K.; Adams, F.; Somogyi, A.; Drakopoulos, M.; Simionovici, A.S. openurl 
  Title Micro-heterogeneity study of trace elements in reference materials Type MA3 Book as author
  Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 132 p.  
  Keywords MA3 Book as author; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:49217 Serial 5714  
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Author Kempenaers, L.; Janssens, K.; Jochum, K.P.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Somogyi, A.; Drakopoulos, M.; Adams, F. doi  openurl
  Title Micro-heterogeneity study of trace elements in USGS, MPI-DING and glass reference materials by means of synchrotron micro-XRF Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal J Anal Atom Spectrom  
  Volume 18 Issue Pages 350-357  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000181827800010 Publication Date 2003-03-27  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.379 Times cited 38 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.379; 2003 IF: 3.200  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:41009 Serial 5715  
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Author Aibéo, C.L.; Goffin, S.; Schalm, O.; van der Snickt, G.; Laquière, N.; Eyskens, P.; Janssens, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Micro-Raman analysis for the identification of pigments from 19th and 20th century paintings Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2008 Publication Journal of Raman spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal J Raman Spectrosc  
  Volume 39 Issue 8 Pages 1091-1098  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In this article, results using confocal µ-Raman to analyse the cross-section of paint samples are presented. Results obtained with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) are mentioned and compared to the ones obtained with confocal (MRS). In some cases, pigment identification was possible only by combining analytical results from different techniques. The samples were drawn from five paintings belonging to the Academy of Fine Arts of Antwerp, which are part of a collection of 34 paintings made by students from the Academy between 1819 and 1920. Since, on the one hand, the painting techniques and materials, especially pigments, used in this period are still not completely known, and on the other hand, this collection constitutes a very important and reliable resource of information, these paintings were chosen for a systematic investigation. They represent the evolution of painting in Belgium over approximately a century.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000259242100020 Publication Date 2008-05-16  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0377-0486 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.969 Times cited 28 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.969; 2008 IF: 3.526  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:74467 Serial 5716  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K. doi  openurl
  Title Micro X-ray diffraction and fluorescence tomography for the study of multilayered automotive paints Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2010 Publication Surface and interface analysis Abbreviated Journal Surf Interface Anal  
  Volume 42 Issue 5 Pages 411-418  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Combined microscopic X-ray fluorescence/microscopic X-ray diffraction (µ-XRF/µ-XRD) tomography is a recently developed method that allows the visualization of the distribution of chemical elements and the associated crystalline phases inside complex, heterogeneous materials of extended thickness (millimeter range) in a nondestructive fashion. In this paper, the accuracy and resolution with which the individual layers in a multilayer stack of automotive paints can be distinguished is evaluated, and some of their properties measured. A paint layer system of eight layers was investigated, in which eight different crystalline substances were identified, each layer consisting of an organic, synthetic resin doped with finely milled inorganic compounds that serve as pigments or to strengthen the layer. In the XRD tomograms, all paint layers could be straightforwardly distinguished and their average thickness calculated. In case the filtered back projection method was used for tomogram reconstruction, a spatial resolution comparable to the microbeam size was obtained indicating no significant reconstruction blurring. When a more robust reconstruction method, such as the maximum-likelihood expectation maximization method, was employed, tomograms showing fewer artifacts were obtained, but with a spatial resolution that was two times worse. In the corresponding XRF tomograms, significant self-absorption distorted the element-specific tomograms corresponding to the low-energy (<7 keV) characteristic radiation and limited their usefulness. It can be concluded that microbeam XRD tomography allows the accurate visualization of the distribution of crystalline phases in multilayered automotive paint materials of millimeter dimensions with sufficient resolution to allow separate characterization of each layer in terms of its crystal-phase composition and thickness.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000277350900012 Publication Date 2009-11-10  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0142-2421 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.132 Times cited 70 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16) and funded by beam time grants from HASYLAB. This paper also presents results from a GOA project of the Research Fund of the University of Antwerp (Belgium), and of FWO (Brussels, Belgium) project nos. G.0177.03, G.0103.04, and G.0689.06. We also would like to acknowledge the Institute of Forensic Research in Krakow, Poland, and in particular Dr J. Zieba for providing the paint layer sample. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.132; 2010 IF: 1.249  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:82764 Serial 5717  
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Author Schmid, R.; Wilke, M.; Ober, R.; Dong, S.; Janssens, K.; Falkenberg, G.; Franz, L.; Gaab, A. doi  openurl
  Title Micro-XANES determination of ferric iron and its application in thermobarometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication Lithos Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 70 Issue Pages 381-392  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000186356500017 Publication Date 2003-09-17  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:42916 Serial 5718  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Nuyts, G.; Cagno, S.; Bugani, S.; Janssens, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Micro-XANES study on Mn browning: use of quantitative valence state maps Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2015 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal J Anal Atom Spectrom  
  Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 642-650  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Historical glass, especially non-durable medieval glass, can undergo corrosion. This sometimes results in the formation of dark-coloured manganese-rich inclusions that reduce the transparency of the glass. While unaltered bulk glass contains manganese mainly present in the +II valence state, inside the inclusions Mn is present in higher valence states (+III to +IV). Two different strategies may be considered by conservators when aiming to improve the transparency. One is based on the reduction of highly oxidised black/brown compounds using mildly reducing solutions, while the other focuses more on the extraction of manganese from the inclusions by the application of chelating agents. In this paper, a method for quantitative mapping of the Mn speciation inside partially corroded historical windowpanes based on X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy is discussed. The calibration of such Mn valence state maps based on the combo method, a fairly reliable way to determine the oxidation state, is described in more detail. This method is used to evaluate the effect of reducing treatments on historical glass, dated to the 14th century and originating from Sidney Sussex College (Cambridge, UK), suffering from Mn browning. Glasses were examined by means of Synchrotron Radiation (SR) based microscopic X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (mXANES) spectroscopy and microscopic X-Ray Fluorescence (mXRF). X-Ray elemental distribution maps of glass cross-sections are recorded at different energies, while Mn K-edge spectra are used to convert these into Mn valence state (VS) maps. Such valence state maps will allow evaluation of a reducing treatment.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000350650800009 Publication Date 2015-02-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.379 Times cited 8 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16) and partially by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, project number 223268/ F50. The text also presents results of Center of Excellence AGRECHEM (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO, Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0C12.13 and G.01769.09. We gratefully acknowledge ESRF for granting beamtime (experiment EC768) and the beamline scientists of ID21 for their support. The authors also want to thank Leonie Seliger of Canterbury Cathedral, UK, the Sidney Sussex College Council and Bursar Charles Larkum for providing the archaeological samples of the Franciscan Friary which are kept in store for Sidney Sussex College in Cambridge (UK). ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.379; 2015 IF: 3.466  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:125476 Serial 5719  
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Author Janssens, K.; Vekemans, B.; Vincze, L.; Adams, F.; Rindby, A. openurl 
  Title A micro XRF spectrometer based on rotating anode generator and capillary optics Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1996 Publication Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 51 Issue 13 Pages 1661-1678  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0584-8547; 0038-6987 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:14256 Serial 5720  
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Author Denecke, M.A.; Somogyi, A.; Janssens, K.; Simon, R.; Dardenne, K.; Noseck, U. doi  openurl
  Title Microanalysis (micro-XRF, micro-XANES, and micro-XRD) of a tertiary sediment using microfocused synchrotron radiation Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2007 Publication Microscopy and microanalysis Abbreviated Journal Microsc Microanal  
  Volume 13 Issue 3 Pages 165-172  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000246814100004 Publication Date 2007-05-09  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1431-9276 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.891 Times cited 31 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.891; 2007 IF: 1.941  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:64739 Serial 5721  
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Author Padilla, R.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Arrazcaeta, R.; van Espen, P. doi  openurl
  Title Microanalytical characterization of surface decoration in Majolica pottery Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2005 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal Anal Chim Acta  
  Volume 535 Issue 1-2 Pages 201-211  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000228194200025 Publication Date 2005-01-15  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2670 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.95 Times cited 20 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 4.95; 2005 IF: 2.760  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:52143 Serial 5722  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Terzano, R.; Spagnuolo, M.; Medici, L.; Dorriné, W.; Janssens, K.; Ruggiero, P. doi  openurl
  Title Microscopic single particle characterization of zeolites synthesized in a soil polluted by copper or cadmium and treated with coal fly ash Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2007 Publication Applied clay science Abbreviated Journal Appl Clay Sci  
  Volume 35 Issue 1-2 Pages 128-138  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000243825800016 Publication Date 2006-09-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0169-1317 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.101 Times cited 17 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.101; 2007 IF: 1.861  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:62999 Serial 5723  
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Author Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Aerts, A.; Vekemans, B.; Adams, F.; Jones, K.; Knöchel, A. openurl 
  Title Microscopic synchroton radiation induced X-ray fluorescence analysis Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1996 Publication Mikrochimica acta: supplementum Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 13 Pages 87-115  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0076-8642 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:14252 Serial 5724  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Janssens, K.H.A.; Adams, F.C.V.; Rindby, A. isbn  openurl
  Title Microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis Type MA1 Book as author
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 419 p.  
  Keywords MA1 Book as author; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 0-471-97426-9 Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:27576 Serial 5725  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Rubio, J.; Bernasconi, G.; Adams, F. doi  openurl
  Title Microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1994 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9 Issue Pages 151-157  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos A1994NK96200009 Publication Date 2004-04-20  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:8917 Serial 5726  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Janssens, K.; Adams, F. openurl 
  Title Microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis at second and third generation synchrotron sources Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1997 Publication Debye Institute synchrotron chronicle Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 2 Pages 9-14  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:18303 Serial 5727  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Adams, F.; Janssens, K.; Snigirev, A. doi  openurl
  Title Microscopical X-ray fluorescence analysis and related methods with laboratory and synchrotron radiation sources Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1998 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal J Anal Atom Spectrom  
  Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages 319-331  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000073808900002 Publication Date 2002-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.379 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.379; 1998 IF: 3.845  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:19322 Serial 5728  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bertrand, L.; Schoeeder, S.; Anglos, D.; Breese, M.B.H.; Janssens, K.; Moini, M.; Simon, A. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Mitigation strategies for radiation damage in the analysis of ancient materials Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2015 Publication Trends in analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Trac-Trend Anal Chem  
  Volume 66 Issue Pages 128-145  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The study of materials in cultural heritage artifacts and micro-samples benefits from diagnostic techniques based on intense radiation sources, such as synchrotrons, ion-beam accelerators and lasers. While most of the corresponding techniques are classified as non-destructive, investigation with photons or charged particles entails a number of fundamental processes that may induce changes in materials. These changes depend on irradiation parameters, properties of materials and environmental factors. In some cases, radiation-induced damage may be detected by visual inspection. When it is not, irradiation may still lead to atomic and molecular changes resulting in immediate or delayed alteration and bias of future analyses. Here we review the effects of radiation reported on a variety of cultural heritage materials and describe the usual practice for assessing short-term and long-term effects. This review aims to raise awareness and encourage subsequent research activities to limit radiation side effects.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language (up) Wos 000352248200020 Publication Date 2014-12-22  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0165-9936 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 8.442 Times cited 35 Open Access  
  Notes ; We wish to acknowledge the support of this initiative by the International Atomic Energy Agency. We gratefully thank Professor Manfred Schreiner of the Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology in the Arts (Akademie den bildenden Kunst, Vienna, Austria) for helpful discussions and insights on this work. We thank all colleagues who accepted to have their work reproduced in this review. IPANEMA at Synchrotron SOLEIL, the Hungarian Academy of Science and IESL-FORTH were supported within the Research Infrastructure program CHARISMA of the 7th Framework Programme of the EU (Grant Agreement no. 228330). MM's contribution is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant numbers CHE 1241672 and CHE 1440849. We thank Chris McGlinchey and Lauren Klein (Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA) for their critical rereading of the manuscript. ; Approved Most recent IF: 8.442; 2015 IF: 6.472  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:124627 Serial 5729  
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