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	Author	Caretti, I.; Keulemans, M.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.; Van Doorslaer, S.
	Title	Light-induced processes in plasmonic Gold/TiO₂ photocatalysts studied by electron paramagnetic resonance			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Topics in catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Top Catal
	Volume	58	Issue	12	Pages	776-782
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	X-band and W-band continuous-wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to study in situ light-induced (LI) mechanisms in commercial P90 titania (90 % anatase/10 % rutile) compared to plasmon-enhanced Au-P90 photocatalyst. These materials were excited using UV and 532 nm visible light to generate different excitation states and distinguish pure charge separation from plasmon-assisted resonance processes. Up to nine different photoinduced species of trapped electrons and holes were identified. LI CW EPR of P90 is presented for the first time, showing a UV excitation response similar to the well-known mixed-phase P25 titania. It is shown that incorporation of Au nanoparticles in Au-P90 and formation of a Schottky junction affects the charge separation state of the catalyst under UV light. Moreover, Au impregnation activated P90 through plasmon hot electron injection under visible light excitation (plasmonic sensitization effect). In general, EPR proved to be crucial to determine the different photoexciation paths and reactions that regulate plasmonic photocatalysis.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000360011200008	Publication Date	2015-08-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1022-5528	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.486	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	; IC and SVD acknowledge the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) for financial support (Grant G.0687.13). SV thanks FWO for financial support through a postdoctoral fellowship and MK acknowledges the agency for Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT) for financial support (Ph.D. Grant). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.486; 2015 IF: 2.365
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127413			Serial	5968
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	Author	Hauchecorne, B.; Tytgat, T.; Terrens, D.; Vanpachtenbeke, F.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Validation of a newly developed FTIR in situ reactor: real time study of photocatalytic degradation of nitric oxide			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Infrared physics and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Infrared Phys Techn
	Volume	53	Issue	6	Pages	469-473
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	For many years, photocatalysis has been proposed as one of the promising techniques to abate environmental pollutants. To improve these reactions it is vital to know the reaction mechanisms of the photocatalytic degradation. This new reactor will make it possible to study the catalytic surface at the moment the reactions occur. By the means of UV LED illumination there is no need of an external UV lamp and thus lowers the cost. The validation of this newly developed reactor is done by investigating the photocatalytic reaction mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) and comparing these findings with those already discussed in literature. From these results, it became clear that the newly developed FTIR in situ reactor allows real time study of photocatalytic degradations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000285169400009	Publication Date	2010-10-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1350-4495	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.713	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.713; 2010 IF: 0.932
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:84561			Serial	6002
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	Author	Castanheiro, A.; Hofman, J.; Nuyts, G.; Joosen, S.; Spassov, S.; Blust, R.; Lenaerts, S.; De Wael, K.; Samson, R.
	Title	Leaf accumulation of atmospheric dust : biomagnetic, morphological and elemental evaluation using SEM, ED-XRF and HR-ICP-MS			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Atmospheric Environment	Abbreviated Journal	Atmos Environ
	Volume	221	Issue	221	Pages	117082
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Atmospheric dust deposition on plants enables the collection of site-specific particulate matter (PM). Knowing the morphology and composition of PM aids in disclosing their emitting sources as well as the associated human health risk. Therefore, this study aimed for a leaf-level holistic analysis of dust accumulation on plant leaves. Plant species (ivy and strawberry) with distinct leaf macro- and micro-morphology were exposed during 3 months at a moderate road traffic site in Antwerp, Belgium. Leaves collected every three weeks were analyzed for their magnetic signature, morphology and elemental content, by a combination of techniques (biomagnetic analyses, ED-XRF, HR-ICP-MS, SEM). Dust accumulation on the leaves was observed both visually (SEM) and magnetically, while the metal enrichment was limited (only evident for Cr) and more variable over time. Temporal dynamics during the second half of the exposure period, due to precipitation events and reduction of atmospheric pollution input, were evidenced in our results (elements/magnetically/SEM). Ivy accumulated more dust than strawberry leaves and seemed less susceptible to wash-off, even though strawberry leaves contain trichomes and a rugged micromorphology, leaf traits considered to be important for capturing PM. The magnetic enrichment (in small-grained, SD/PSD magnetite particles), on the other hand, was not species-specific, indicating a common contributing source. Variations in pollution contributions, meteorological phenomena, leaf traits, particle deposition (and encapsulation) versus micronutrients depletion, are discussed in light of the conducted monitoring campaign. Although not completely elucidative, the complex, multifactorial process of leaf dust accumulation can better be understood through a combination of techniques.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000503097100001	Publication Date	2019-11-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1352-2310	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; The authors thank the Flemish Environment Agency (VMM) for their collaboration and air quality and meteorological data, and Karen Wuyts for the discussion about plant leaf characteristics. A.C. gratefully acknowledges the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) for her PhD fellowship (1S21418N). J.H. received a FWO postdoctoral fellowship grant (1214816N). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5; 2020 IF: 3.629
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:165458			Serial	5691
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	Author	Van Eynde, E.; Tytgat, T.; Smits, M.; Verbruggen, S.; Hauchecorne, B.; Blust, R.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Diatom silica-titania materials for photocatalytic air purification			Type	A2 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	1	Issue	1	Pages	141-147
	Keywords	A2 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1379-1176	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:105334			Serial	5943
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	Author	Smits, M.; Vanpachtenbeke, F.; Hauchecorne, B.; van Langenhove, H.; Demeestere, K.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Exhaust composition of a small diesel engine			Type	A2 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	77	Issue	1	Pages	85-88
	Keywords	A2 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1379-1176	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:94166			Serial	5949
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	Author	Van Wesenbeeck, K.; Hauchecorne, B.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Study of a TiO₂ photocatalytic coating for use in plasma catalysis			Type	A2 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	78	Issue	1	Pages	227-233
	Keywords	A2 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1379-1176	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:105388			Serial	5991
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	Author	Huyskens, C.; De Wever, H.; Fovet, Y.; Wegmann, U.; Diels, L.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Screening of novel MBR fouling reducers : benchmarking with known fouling reducers and evaluation of their mechanism of action			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Separation and purification technology	Abbreviated Journal	Sep Purif Technol
	Volume	95	Issue		Pages	49-57
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	A novel fouling characterization method was applied for a first screening of two novel synthetic flocculants developed by BASF (BASF-1 and BASF-2) and benchmarking with six well-known products. Results showed that this MBR-VITO Fouling Measurement (VFM) was able to identify beneficial and adverse effects of different additives on the mixed liquor's reversible and irreversible fouling and, in combination with supporting mixed liquor analyses, allowed to identify the additive's main working mechanism. The first screening tests indicated that BASF-1 and BASF-2 reduced reversible and irreversible fouling to a similar extent as the known synthetic flocculants due to a charge neutralization mechanism, resulting in enhanced flocculation and SMP removal. Further testing at different additive concentrations provided a first indication of the optimal dosage and revealed a considerable risk of overdosing for BASF-2, rendering it less suited for fouling control. In contrast, such adverse effects were not observed for BASF-1. BASF-1 induced similar beneficial effects as the known MPE50 polymer at lower dosage and was therefore considered promising for application in MBRs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000307032100008	Publication Date	2012-04-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1383-5866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.359	Times cited	24	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors would like to thank K. Luyckx, J. Fret, L. Heylen, R. Muyshondt, H. Sterckx, J. Verheyden and J. Vande-Velden for technical assistance and V. Iversen for kindly supplying some of the commercial additives. Celine Huyskens is indebted to the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). The European Commission is acknowledged for financial support to Aquafit4use (FP7, Grant 211534). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.359; 2012 IF: 2.894
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:101903			Serial	5990
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	Author	Huyskens, C.; Lenaerts, S.; Brauns, E.; Diels, L.; de Wever, H.
	Title	Study of (ir)reversible fouling in MBRs under various operating conditions using new on-line fouling sensor			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Separation and purification technology	Abbreviated Journal	Sep Purif Technol
	Volume	81	Issue	2	Pages	208-215
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	In this study, a new fouling sensor was validated under different conditions of hydraulic (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT). The MBR-VFM (membrane bioreactor-VITO Fouling Measurement) allows the simultaneous determination of the physically reversible and irreversible fouling potential of a mixed liquor during a single crossflow filtration test. In accordance with the on-line filtration behavior, the measured reversible and irreversible fouling propensities differed significantly between MBRs operated at different combinations of HRT-SRT. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between the on-line permeability and the reversible and irreversible fouling propensity measured by the MBR-VFM. This corresponded to observations made on membrane recovery after physical or chemical cleaning actions. Higher reversible and irreversible fouling were observed at lower HRT, presumably as a consequence of increased concentrations of foulants present. The effect of SRT was much smaller and restricted to the reversible fouling component. Possible explanations for the increased fouling at prolonged SRT are the higher sludge and colloid concentration and the smaller floc size. It can be concluded that the MBR-VFM is a useful tool to monitor fluctuations in a mixed liquors (ir)reversible fouling potential and can contribute to a deeper understanding of the occurring fouling phenomena.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000296108500012	Publication Date	2011-08-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1383-5866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.359	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.359; 2011 IF: 2.921
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93410			Serial	5992
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	Author	Blommaerts, N.; Dingenen, F.; Middelkoop, V.; Savelkouls, J.; Goemans, M.; Tytgat, T.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Ultrafast screening of commercial sorbent materials for VOC adsorption using real-time FTIR spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Separation and purification technology	Abbreviated Journal	Sep Purif Technol
	Volume	207	Issue	207	Pages	284-290
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Recovery of valuable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from waste streams is of great industrial importance. Adsorption on zeolites offers an economically and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional activated carbon. When evaluating the suitability of a given zeolite for a particular adsorption application, its adsorption capacity has to be determined. This is traditionally achieved using gas chromatography as an analysis tool, yielding only a few discrete sampling points that constitute the adsorption profile. Meanwhile, only low flow rates and low concentrations of volatile organics can be used, rendering the procedure troublesome and time consuming. Herein, we propose a tool for the fast screening of a large amount of zeolites using on-line and quasi real-time Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The technique was used to determine the adsorption capacity of three different commercial zeolites and two silica gels, for five industrially relevant VOCs: acetone; methanol; isohexane; isopentane; and toluene. A series of rapid measurements of the individual adsorption capacities were carried out to obtain a detailed overview of the versatility of the proposed method for the characterization of multi-component and multi-sorption bed systems.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000445987500032	Publication Date	2018-06-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1383-5866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.359	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; We would like to thank Vlaams Agenschap Innoveren & Ondernemen (VLAIO) for financial support. The authors would also like to thank Kureha GmbH, Germany for kindly supplying us with their BAC (R) (bead-shaped activated carbon) samples. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.359
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:154694			Serial	6000
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	Author	Blommaerts, N.; Asapu, R.; Claes, N.; Bals, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.
	Title	Gas phase photocatalytic spiral reactor for fast and efficient pollutant degradation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	316	Issue	316	Pages	850-856
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Photocatalytic reactors for the degradation of gaseous organic pollutants often suffer from major limitations such as small reaction area, sub-optimal irradiation conditions and thus limited reaction rate. In this work, an alternative solution is presented that involves a glass tube coated on the inside with (silvermodified) TiO2 and spiraled around a UVA lamp. First, the spiral reactor is coated from the inside with TiO2 using an experimentally verified procedure that is optimized toward UV light transmission. This procedure is kept as simple as possible and involves a single casting step of a 1 wt% suspension of TiO2 in ethanol through the spiral. This results in a coated tube that absorbs nearly all incident UV light under the experimental conditions used. The optimized coated spiral reactor is then benchmarked to a conventional annular photoreactor of the same outer dimensions and total catalyst loading over a broad range of experimental conditions. Although residence time distribution experiments indicate slightly longer dwelling of molecules in the spiral reactor, no significant difference in by-passing of gas between the spiral reactor and the annular reactor can be claimed. Acetaldehyde degradation efficiency of 100% is obtained with the spiral reactor for a residence time as low as 60 s, whereas the annular reactor could not achieve full degradation even at 1000 s residence time. In a final case study, addition of long-term stable silver nanoparticles, protected by an ultra-thin polymer shell applied via the layer-by-layer (LbL) method, to the spiral reactor coating is shown to double the degradation efficiency and provides an interesting strategy to cope with higher pollutant concentrations without changing the overall dimensions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000398985200089	Publication Date	2017-02-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	30	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	N.B. wishes to thank the University of Antwerp – Belgium for financial support. N.C. and S.B. acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078- COLOURATOM). S.W.V. acknowledges the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) for a postdoctoral fellowship. (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot); ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:140925UA @ admin @ c:irua:140925			Serial	4481
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	Author	Blommaerts, N.; Hoeven, N.; Arenas Esteban, D.; Campos, R.; Mertens, M.; Borah, R.; Glisenti, A.; De Wael, K.; Bals, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Cool, P.
	Title	Tuning the turnover frequency and selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO and methane using platinum and palladium nanoparticles on Ti-Beta zeolites			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Chemical Engineering Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	410	Issue		Pages	128234
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A Ti-Beta zeolite was used in gas phase photocatalytic CO2 reduction to reduce the charge recombination rate and increase the surface area compared to P25 as commercial benchmark, reaching 607 m2 g-1. By adding Pt nanoparticles, the selectivity can be tuned toward CO, reaching a value of 92% and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 96 µmol.gcat-1.h-1, nearly an order of magnitude higher in comparison with P25. By adding Pd nanoparticles the selectivity can be shifted from CO (70% for a bare Ti-Beta zeolite), toward CH4 as the prevalent species (60%). In this way, the selectivity toward CO or CH4 can be tuned by either using Pt or Pd. The TOF values obtained in this work outperform reported state-of-the-art values in similar research. The improved activity by adding the nanoparticles was attributed to an improved charge separation efficiency, together with a plasmonic contribution of the metal nanoparticles under the applied experimental conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000623394200004	Publication Date	2021-01-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	15	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	N.B., S.L., S.W.V. and P.C. wish to thank the Flemish government and Catalisti for financial support and coordination in terms of a sprint SBO in the context of the moonshot project D2M. N.H. thanks the Flanders Innovation and Entrepreneurship (VLAIO) for the financial support. The Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE) group, R. Blust, University of Antwerp is acknowledged for the ICP-MS measurements.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:174591			Serial	6662
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	Author	Tytgat, T.; Hauchecorne, B.; Abakumov, A.M.; Smits, M.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Photocatalytic process optimisation for ethylene oxidation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	209	Issue		Pages	494-500
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	When studying photocatalysis it is important to consider, beside the chemical approach, the engineering part related to process optimisation. To achieve this a fixed bed photocatalytic set-up consisting of different catalyst placings, in order to vary catalyst distribution, is studied. The use of a fixed quantity of catalyst placed packed or randomly distributed in the reactor, results in an almost double degradation for the distributed catalyst. Applying this knowledge leads to an improved performance with limited use of catalyst. A reactor only half filled with catalyst leads to higher degradation performance compared to a completely filled reactor. Taking into account this simple process optimisation by better distributing the catalyst a more sustainable photocatalytic air purification process is achieved. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000311190500058	Publication Date	2012-08-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; We are grateful for the delivered photocatalyst by Evonik as well as for the PhD grant (T. Tytgat) given by the Institute of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216; 2012 IF: 3.473
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105185			Serial	2609
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	Author	Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.; Denys, S.
	Title	Analytic versus CFD approach for kinetic modeling of gas phase photocatalysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	262	Issue		Pages	1-8
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	In this work two methods for determining the LangmuirHinshelwood kinetic parameters for a slit-shaped flat bed photocatalytic reactor are compared: an analytic mass transfer based model adapted from literature and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach that was used in conjunction with a simplex optimization routine. Despite the differences between both approaches, similar values for the kinetic parameters and similar trends in terms of their UV intensity dependence were found. Using an effectiveness-NTU (number of transfer units) approach, the analytic mass transfer based method could quantify the relative contributions of the rate limiting steps through a reaction effectiveness parameter. The numeric CFD approach on the other hand could yield the two kinetic parameters that determine the photocatalytic reaction rate simultaneously. Furthermore, it proved to be more accurate as it accounts for the spatial variation of flow rate, reaction rate and concentrations at the surface of the photocatalyst. We elaborate this dual kinetic analysis with regard to the photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde in air over a silicon wafer coated with a layer of TiO2 P25 (Evonik) and study the usefulness and limitations of both strategies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000347577700001	Publication Date	2014-09-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947; 1873-3212	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	30	Open Access
	Notes	; S.W.V. acknowledges the Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO) for financial support. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216; 2015 IF: 4.321
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:119724			Serial	5927
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	Author	Verbruggen, S.W.; Ribbens, S.; Tytgat, T.; Hauchecorne, B.; Smits, M.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Martens, J.A.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	The benefit of glass bead supports for efficient gas phase photocatalysis : case study of a commercial and a synthesised photocatalyst			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	174	Issue	1	Pages	318-325
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	In the field of photocatalytic air purification, the immobilisation of catalyst particles on support surfaces without loss of photon efficiency is an important challenge. Therefore, an immobilisation method involving a one-step suspension coating of pre-synthesised photocatalysts on glass beads was applied. The various benefits are exemplified in the gas phase photodegradation of ethylene. Coating of glass beads is easy, fast, cheap and offers a more efficient alternative to bulk catalyst pellets. Furthermore, this coating procedure allows to use porous, pre-synthesised catalysts to their full potential, as the surface area and morphology of the initial powder is barely altered after coating, in strong contrast to pelletising. With this technique it became possible to study the gas phase photocatalytic activity of commercial titanium dioxide, trititanate nanotubes and mixed phase anatase/trititanate nanotubes in a packed bed reactor towards the degradation of ethylene without changing the catalyst properties. Coating of glass beads with the photocatalyst revealed the superior activity of the as-prepared nanotubes, compared to TiO2 Aerolyst® 7710 in gaseous phase.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000296950300041	Publication Date	2011-09-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947; 1873-3212	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	39	Open Access
	Notes	; The author wishes to acknowledge the Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO) for the financial support. Evonik is greatly thanked for supplying the TiO<INF>2</ INF> Aerolyst (R) 7710 pellets. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216; 2011 IF: 3.461
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:93364			Serial	5929
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	Author	van Walsem, J.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Modde, B.; Lenaerts, S.; Denys, S.
	Title	CFD investigation of a multi-tube photocatalytic reactor in non-steady-state conditions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	304	Issue		Pages	808-816
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	A novel multi-tube photoreactor is presented with a high efficiency (over 90% conversion) toward the degradation of acetaldehyde in air under UV conditions with an incident intensity of 2.1 mW cm−2. A CFD model was developed to simulate the transient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation processes of acetaldehyde in this reactor design and to estimate the corresponding kinetic parameters through an optimization routine using the experimentally determined outlet concentration profiles. The CFD model takes into account the entire reactor geometry and all relevant flow parameters, in contrast to analytical methods that often oversimplify the physical and chemical process characteristics. Using CFD, we show that both adsorption and desorption rate constants increase by respectively one and two orders of magnitude when the UV light is switched on, which clearly affects the transient behavior. The agreement of the experimental and modelled concentration profiles is excellent as evidenced by a coefficient of determination of at least 0.965. To demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of all parameters obtained from the modelling approach, an ultimate validation test was performed using other conditions than the ones used for estimating the kinetic parameters. The model was able to accurately simulate simultaneous adsorption, desorption and photocatalytic degradation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000384777200089	Publication Date	2016-07-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947; 1873-3212	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes	; J.V.W. acknowledges the Agentschap Innoveren & Ondernemen for a PhD fellowship. S.W.V. acknowledges the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) for a postdoctoral fellowship. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:139620			Serial	5933
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	Author	Verbruggen, S.W.; Keulemans, M.; van Walsem, J.; Tytgat, T.; Lenaerts, S.; Denys, S.
	Title	CFD modeling of transient adsorption/desorption behavior in a gas phase photocatalytic fiber reactor			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	292	Issue		Pages	42-50
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	We present the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for accurately determining the adsorption parameters of acetaldehyde on photocatalytic fiber filter material, integrated in a continuous flow system. Unlike the traditional analytical analysis based on Langmuir adsorption, not only steady-state situations but also transient phenomena can be accounted for. Air displacement effects in the reactor and gas detection cell are investigated and inherently made part of the model. Incorporation of a surface aldol condensation reaction in the CFD analysis further improves the accuracy of the model which enables to extract precise, intrinsic adsorption parameters for situations in which analytical analysis would otherwise fail.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000373648000005	Publication Date	2016-02-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947; 1873-3212	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; S.W.V. acknowledges the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) for a postdoctoral fellowship. M.K. acknowledges the IWT for a Ph.D. fellowship. Konstantina Kalafata and Ioanna Fasaki are greatly thanked for providing the NanoPhos suspension. Bioscience Engineering bachelor students M. Gerritsma, J. Helsen and Y. Riahi Drif are thanked for their assistance in performing the adsorption experiments. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:130876			Serial	5934
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	Author	van Walsem, J.; Roegiers, J.; Modde, B.; Lenaerts, S.; Denys, S.
	Title	Determination of intrinsic kinetic parameters in photocatalytic multi-tube reactors by combining the NTU_m-method with radiation field modelling			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	354	Issue	354	Pages	1042-1049
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	In this work, we propose an adapted Number of Transfer Units (NTUm)-method as an effective tool to determine the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic parameters for a photocatalytic multi-tube reactor. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate constant kLH and the Langmuir adsorption constant KL were determined from several experiments under different UV-irradiance conditions, resulting in irradiance depending values for kLH. In order to determine a unique, intrinsic empirical constant k0, valid for all irradiation conditions, we coupled the adapted NTUm-method with a radiation field model to predict UV-irradiance distribution inside the reactor. The final set of kinetic parameters were derived using a Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) nonlinear solving method in Matlab which minimizes the differences between model and experimental reactor outlet concentrations of acetaldehyde for various photocatalytic experiments under varying operating conditions, including inlet concentration, flow rate and UV-irradiance. An excellent agreement of the intrinsic empirical constant k0, derived from the coupled NTUm-radiation field model and an earlier published CFD approach was found, emphasizing its validity and reliability.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000445413900099	Publication Date	2018-08-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947; 1873-3212	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; J.V.W. acknowledges the Agentschap Innoveren & Ondernemen for a PhD fellowship. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:154845			Serial	5940
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	Author	Van Hal, M.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Yang, X.-Y.; Lenaerts, S.; Tytgat, T.
	Title	Image analysis and in situ FTIR as complementary detection tools for photocatalytic soot oxidation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	367	Issue	367	Pages	269-277
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM), is an increasingly urgent problem in urban environments, causing both short and long-term health problems, climate interference and aesthetical problems due to building fouling. Photocatalysis has been shown to be a possible solution to that end. In this work two complementary detection methods for photocatalytic soot oxidation are studied and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. First, a colour-based digital image analysis method is drastically improved towards an accurate, detailed and straightforward detection tool, that enables simultaneous measurement of the degradation of different grades of soot fouling (for instance a shallow soot haze versus condensed soot deposits). In the next part, a second soot oxidation detection method is presented based on in situ FTIR spectroscopy. This method has the additional advantage of providing more insight into the photocatalytic soot degradation process by monitoring both gaseous and adsorbed intermediates as well as reaction products while the reactions are ongoing. As an illustration, the proposed detection strategies were applied on four different commercially available and synthesized photocatalytic materials. The digital image analysis showed that P25 (Evonik) is the fastest photocatalytic soot degrader of all studied materials for both a uniform soot haze as well as concentrated soot spots. Application of the in situ method showed that for all studied materials adsorbed formate-related surface species were formed and that commercially available ZnO nanopowder has the highest specificity towards complete mineralization into CO2. With this we aim to provide a set of complementary experimental tools for the convenient, reliable, realistic and standardised detection of photocatalytic soot degradation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000461380400028	Publication Date	2019-02-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947; 1873-3212	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; M.V.H. acknowledges the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) for a doctoral fellowship. M.V.H., S.W.V., S.L. and X-Y.Y. thank the FWO and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for funding an international collaboration project. Mr. M. Minjauw is greatly thanked for his help in the AFM measurements. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:157789			Serial	5958
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	Author	Smits, M.; Chan, C. kit; Tytgat, T.; Craeye, B.; Costarramone, N.; Lacombe, S.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Photocatalytic degradation of soot deposition : self-cleaning effect on titanium dioxide coated cementitious materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	222	Issue		Pages	411-418
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Diesel soot emissions deteriorate the appearance of architectural building materials by soot fouling. This soot deposition devalue the aesthetic value of the building. A solution to counteract this problem is applying titanium dioxide on building materials. TiO2 can provide air-purifying and self-cleaning properties due to its photocatalytic activity. In literature, photocatalytic soot oxidation is observed on glass or silicon substrates. However, degradation of soot by photocatalysis was not yet investigated on cementitious samples (mortar, concrete) although it is one of the most frequently used building materials. In this study, photocatalytic soot oxidation by means of TiO2 coated cementitious samples is addressed. The soot removal capacity of four types of TiO2 layers, coated on mortar samples, is evaluated by means of two detection methods. The first method is based on colorimetric measurements, while the second method uses digital image processing to calculate the area of soot coverage. The experimental data revealed that cementitious materials coated with commercially available TiO2 exhibited self-cleaning properties as it was found that all coated samples were able to remove soot. The P25 coating gave the best soot degradation performance, while the Eoxolit product showed the slowest soot degradation rate. In addition, gas chromatography measurements in a closed chamber experiment with P25 confirmed that complete mineralization of about 60% of the soot was obtained within 24 hours since CO2 was the sole observed oxidation product. Due to its realistic approach, this study proves that photocatalytic soot removal on TiO2 coated cementitious surfaces is possible in practice, which is an important step towards the practical application of self-cleaning building materials.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000319528900046	Publication Date	2013-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947; 1873-3212	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	43	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by a PhD grant (M. Smits) from the University of Antwerp, a PhD grant (T. Tytgat) funded by the Institute of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT) and the exchange program Tournesol (Project T2012.05) financed by the Flemish government. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216; 2013 IF: 4.058
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:106519			Serial	5979
Permanent link to this record



	Author	van Walsem, J.; Roegiers, J.; Modde, B.; Lenaerts, S.; Denys, S.
	Title	Proof of concept of an upscaled photocatalytic multi-tube reactor : a combined modelling and experimental study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	378	Issue	378	Pages	122038
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Three upscaled multi-tube photocatalytic reactors designed for integration into HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems were proposed and evaluated using a CFD modelling approach, with emphasis on the flow, irradiation and concentration distribution in the reactor and hence, photocatalytic performance. Based on the obtained insights, the best reactor design was selected, further characterized and improved by an additional proof of concept study and eventually converted into practice. Subsequently, the scaled-up prototype was experimentally tested according to the CEN-EN-16846-1 standard (2017) for volatile organic compound (VOC) removal by an external scientific research center. The combined modelling and experimental approach used in this work, leads to essential insights into the design and assessment of photocatalytic reactors. Therefore, this study provides an essential step towards the optimization and commercialization of photocatalytic reactors for HVAC applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000487764800011	Publication Date	2019-06-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947; 1873-3212	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; J.V.W. acknowledges the Agentschap Innoveren & Ondernemen for a PhD fellowship. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:162190			Serial	5986
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Lenaerts, S.; Roggen, J.; Maes, G.
	Title	FT-IR characterization of tin dioxide gas sensor materials under working conditions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1995	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	51	Issue	5	Pages	883-894
	Keywords	A1 Journal article
	Abstract	In this work self-supporting tin dioxide disks are characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy in the presence of a reducing gas in air, and in different O2/N2 mixtures at temperatures varying from room temperature up to 450°C. Every factor inducing a change in the oxygen content of the gas atmosphere above the tin dioxide, as for instance a temperature change, a surface reaction or adsorption of another species, induces a broad, intense IR absorption band with discrete weak bands superimposed on it. This broad absorption is assigned to the electronic transition from a native donor level, the oxygen vacancy in the bulk of the domain, to the conduction band of the tin dioxide material. For the interpretation of the narrow, superimposed absorptions, two hypotheses remain. The results demonstrate that FT-IR spectroscopy is an extremely suitable technique for the characterization of semiconducting metal oxide sensors, since it allows to follow in situ the processes in the bulk, at the surface and in the surrounding gas atmosphere of the sensor material at working temperature as well as in the presence of reducing gases in air.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1995RJ99900014	Publication Date	2003-04-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1386-1425	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:82015			Serial	5954
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hauchecorne, B.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Unravelling the mysteries of gas phase photocatalytic reaction pathways by studying the catalyst surface : a literature review of different Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic reaction cells used in the field			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal of photochemistry and photobiology: C: photochemistry reviews	Abbreviated Journal	J Photoch Photobio C
	Volume	14	Issue		Pages	72-85
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Unlike the profound knowledge of the reaction mechanisms occurring in water phase photocatalysis, still fairly little is known on the reaction mechanisms occurring on the catalyst surface when dealing with gaseous pollutants. Unfortunately, there are some differences between both reactions. For one, there are no abundant hydroxyl radicals present in the gas phase, so that possibly other species prove to be important in abating the pollutant. In order to unravel the mysteries of gas phase photocatalytic reaction pathways, in situ techniques must be used to allow the detection and identification of reaction intermediates on a working catalyst. Several techniques were already used in the past, of which Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy seems to be the most versatile. This review will therefore give a selective overview of different spectroscopic reaction cells constructed for the in situ study of photocatalytic gas phase reactions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000314669600005	Publication Date	2012-09-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1389-5567	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.317	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	; The University of Antwerp is greatly acknowledged for the fellowship granted to Birger Hauchecorne. The authors would also like to thank Sammy W. Verbruggen for his help in providing several papers of interest. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.317; 2013 IF: 11.625
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:106518			Serial	6001
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	Author	Smits, M.; Ling, Y.; Lenaerts, S.; Van Doorslaer, S.
	Title	Photocatalytic removal of soot : unravelling of the reaction mechanism by EPR and in situ FTIR spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Chemphyschem
	Volume	13	Issue	18	Pages	4251-4257
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Photocatalytic soot oxidation is studied on P25 TiO2 as an important model reaction for self-cleaning processes by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Contacting of carbon black with P25 leads on the one hand to a reduction of the local dioxygen concentration in the powder. On the other hand, the weakly adsorbed radicals on the carbon particles are likely to act as alternative traps for the photogenerated conduction-band electrons. We find furthermore that the presence of dioxygen and oxygen-related radicals is vital for the photocatalytic soot degradation. The complete oxidation of soot to CO2 is evidenced by in situ FTIR spectroscopy, no intermediate CO is detected during the photocatalytic process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000313692600026	Publication Date	2012-11-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1439-4235	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.075	Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by the University of Antwerp (PhD grants of M. S. and Y.L.). We would like to thank Birger Hauchecorne for the scientific discussion. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.075; 2012 IF: 3.349
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:104568			Serial	5980
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Eynde, E.; Tytgat, T.; Smits, M.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Hauchecorne, B.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Biotemplated diatom silica-titania materials for air purification			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Photochemical & photobiological sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Photoch Photobio Sci
	Volume	12	Issue	4	Pages	690-695
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	We present a novel manufacture route for silicatitania photocatalysts using the diatom microalga Pinnularia sp. Diatoms self-assemble into porous silica cell walls, called frustules, with periodic micro-, meso- and macroscale features. This unique hierarchical porous structure of the diatom frustule is used as a biotemplate to incorporate titania by a solgel methodology. Important material characteristics of the modified diatom frustules under study are morphology, crystallinity, surface area, pore size and optical properties. The produced biosilicatitania material is evaluated towards photocatalytic activity for NOx abatement under UV radiation. This research is the first step to obtain sustainable, well-immobilised silicatitania photocatalysts using diatoms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000316572500016	Publication Date	2012-10-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1474-905x; 1474-9092	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.344	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.344; 2013 IF: 2.939
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:106625			Serial	5930
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	Author	Tytgat, T.; Smits, M.; Lenaerts, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.
	Title	Immobilization of TiO₂ into self-supporting photocatalytic foam : influence of calcination temperature			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	International journal of applied ceramic technology	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Appl Ceram Tec
	Volume	11	Issue	4	Pages	714-722
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Immobilization of photocatalytic powder is crucial to obtain industrially relevant purification processes. To achieve this goal, self-supporting TiO2 foams were manufactured by a polyacrylamide gel process. These gels were calcined at different temperatures to study the effect of the calcination temperature on foam characteristics (rigidity, crystallinity, and porosity) and its influence on photocatalytic activity. The results show that an optimal degradation is achieved for those foams calcined between 700 and 800°C. Calcination at higher temperatures results in a steep decrease in activity, explained by stability issues of the material due to formation of Na2SO4 phases and a larger rutile fraction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000339051500012	Publication Date	2013-04-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1546-542x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.048	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by a PhD grant from the Institute of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.048; 2014 IF: 1.320
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:117295			Serial	5960
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	Author	Blommaerts, N.; Vanrompay, H.; Nuti, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Bals, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.
	Title	Unraveling Structural Information of Turkevich Synthesized Plasmonic Gold-Silver Bimetallic Nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Small	Abbreviated Journal	Small
	Volume	15	Issue	15	Pages	1902791
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	For the synthesis of gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles, the Turkevich method has been the state-of-the-art method for several decades. It has been presumed that this procedure results in a homogeneous alloy, although this has been debatable for many years. In this work, it is shown that neither a full alloy, nor a perfect core-shell particle is formed but rather a core-shell-like particle with altering metal composition along the radial direction. In-depth wet-chemical experiments are performed in combination with advanced transmission electron microscopy, including EDX tomography, and Finite Element Method modeling to support the observations. From the electron tomography results, the core-shell structure could be clearly visualized and the spatial distribution of gold and silver atoms could be quantified. Theoretical simulations are performed to demonstrate that even though UV-Vis spectra show only one plasmon band, this still originates from core-shell type structures. The simulations also indicate that the core-shell morphology does not so much affect the location of the plasmon band, but mainly results in significant band broadening. Wet-chemistry experiments provide the evidence that the synthesis pathway starts with gold enriched alloy cores, and later on in the synthesis mainly silver is incorporated to end up with a silver enriched alloy shell.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000482637100001	Publication Date	2019-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1613-6810	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.643	Times cited	26	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Universiteit Antwerpen; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 1S32617N G.0369.15N G.0381.16N ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.643
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:161636			Serial	5290
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	Author	Maes, R.R.; Potters, G.; Fransen, E.; Van Schaeren, R.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Influence of adding low concentration of oxygenates in mineral diesel oil and biodiesel on the concentration of NO, NO₂ and particulate matter in the exhaust gas of a one-cylinder diesel generator			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	International journal of environmental research and public health	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	19	Issue	13	Pages	7637-18
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Air quality currently poses a major risk to human health worldwide. Transportation is one of the principal contributors to air pollution due to the quality of exhaust gases. For example, the widely used diesel fuel is a significant source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). To reduce the content NOx and PM, different oxygenated compounds were mixed into a mineral diesel available at the pump, and their effect on the composition of exhaust gas emissions was measured using a one-cylinder diesel generator. In this setup, adding methanol gave the best relative results. The addition of 2000 ppm of methanol decreased the content of NO by 56%, 2000 ppm of isopropanol decreased NO2 by 50%, and 2000 ppm ethanol decreased PM by 63%. An interesting question is whether it is possible to reduce the impact of hazardous components in the exhaust gas even more by adding oxygenates to biodiesels. In this article, alcohol is added to biodiesel in order to establish the impact on PM and NOx concentrations in the exhaust gases. Adding methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol at concentrations of 2000 ppm and 4000 ppm did not improve NOx emissions. The best results were using pure RME for a low NO content, pure diesel for a low NO2 content, and for PM there were no statistically significant differences.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000825645900001	Publication Date	2022-06-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1661-7827; 1660-4601	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:189476			Serial	7172
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	Author	Snoeckx, R.; Heijkers, S.; Van Wesenbeeck, K.; Lenaerts, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	CO₂conversion in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma: N₂in the mix as a helping hand or problematic impurity?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Energy & environmental science	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Environ Sci
	Volume	9	Issue	9	Pages	999-1011
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Carbon dioxide conversion and utilization has gained significant interest over the years. A novel gas conversion technique with great potential in this area is plasma technology. A lot of research has already been performed, but mostly on pure gases. In reality, N2 will always be an important impurity in effluent gases. Therefore, we performed an extensive combined experimental and computational study on the effect of N2 in the range of 1–98% on CO2 splitting in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. The presence of up to 50% N2 in the mixture barely influences the effective (or overall) CO2 conversion and energy efficiency, because the N2 metastable molecules enhance the absolute CO2 conversion, and this compensates for the lower CO2 fraction in the mixture. Higher N2 fractions, however, cause a drop in the CO2 conversion and energy efficiency. Moreover, in the entire CO2/N2 mixing ratio, several harmful compounds, i.e., N2O and NOx compounds, are produced in the range of several 100 ppm. The reaction pathways for the formation of these compounds are explained based on a kinetic analysis, which allows proposing solutions on how to prevent the formation of these harmful compounds.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000372243600030	Publication Date	2015-12-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1754-5692	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	29.518	Times cited	68	Open Access
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from the IAP/7 (Inter-university Attraction Pole) program ‘PSI-Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions’, financially supported by the Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy (BELSPO), as well as the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO). This work was carried out in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the University of Antwerp.			Approved	Most recent IF: 29.518
	Call Number	c:irua:133169			Serial	4020
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	Author	Van Hoecke, L.; Laffineur, L.; Campe, R.; Perreault, P.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications			Type	A1 Journal Article;Review article, Hydrogen Production, Hydrogen Storage, Maritime Applications
	Year	2021	Publication	Energy & Environmental Science	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Environ Sci
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article;Review article, Hydrogen Production, Hydrogen Storage, Maritime Applications; Sustainable energy, air and water technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Maritime shipping is a key factor that enables the global economy, however the pressure it exerts on the environment is increasing rapidly. In order to reduce the emissions of harmful greenhouse gasses, the search is on for alternative fuels for the maritime shipping industry. In this work the usefulness of hydrogen and hydrogen carriers is being investigated as a fuel for sea going ships. Due to the low volumetric energy density of hydrogen under standard conditions, the need for efficient storage of this fuel is high. Key processes in the use of hydrogen are discussed, starting with the production of hydrogen from fossil and renewable sources. The focus of this review is different storage methods, and in this work we discuss the storage of hydrogen at high pressure, in liquefied form at cryogenic temperatures and bound to liquid or solid-state carriers. In this work a theoretical introduction to different hydrogen storage methods precedes an analysis of the energy-efficiency and practical storage density of the carriers. In the final section the major challenges and hurdles for the development of hydrogen storage for the maritime industry are discussed. The most likely challenges will be the development of a new bunkering infrastructure and suitable monitoring of the safety to ensure safe operation of these hydrogen carriers on board the ship.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000621101100009	Publication Date	2021-01-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1754-5692	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	29.518	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	For the completion of this work we would like to thank, Compagnie Maritime Belge for initial funding 9 of the research into maritime hydrogen storage and the University of Antwerp for funding of the 10 Doctoral Project that allowed for the completion of this work.			Approved	Most recent IF: 29.518
	Call Number	DuEL @ duel @c:irua:174754			Serial	6668
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	Author	Dong, Y.; Chen, S.-Y.; Lu, Y.; Xiao, Y.-X.; Hu, J.; Wu, S.-M.; Deng, Z.; Tian, G.; Chang, G.-G.; Li, J.; Lenaerts, S.; Janiak, C.; Yang, X.-Y.; Su, B.-L.
	Title	Hierarchical MoS₂@TiO₂ heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalytic performance and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Chemistry: an Asian journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem-Asian J
	Volume	13	Issue	12	Pages	1609-1615
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Hierarchical MoS2@TiO2 heterojunctions were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method by using protonic titanate nanosheets as the precursor. The TiO2 nanosheets prevent the aggregation of MoS2 and promote the carrier transfer efficiency, and thus enhance the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activity of the nanostructured MoS2. The obtained MoS2@TiO2 has significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of rhodamineB (over 5.2times compared with pure MoS2) and acetone (over 2.8times compared with pure MoS2). MoS2@TiO2 is also beneficial for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution (26times compared with pure MoS2, based on the cathodic current density). This work offers a promising way to prevent the self-aggregation of MoS2 and provides a new insight for the design of heterojunctions for materials with lattice mismatches.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000435773300011	Publication Date	2018-04-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1861-4728; 1861-471x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.083	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1103800), PCSIRT (IRT15R52), NSFC (U1662134, U1663225, 51472190, 51611530672, 51503166, 21706199, 21711530705), ISTCP (2015DFE52870), HPNSF (2016CFA033, 2017CFB487), and SKLPPC (PPC2016007). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.083
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:151971			Serial	5956
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