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	Author	Adams, F.; Adriaens, A.; Aerts, A.; de Raedt, I.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.
	Title	Micro and surface analysis in archaeology			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1997	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	12	Issue	3	Pages	257-265
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1997WN16300001	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 1997 IF: 3.595
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:16274			Serial	5711
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Anaf, W.; Cabal, A.; Robbe, M.; Schalm, O.
	Title	Real-time wood behaviour : the use of strain gauges for preventive conservation applications			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	20	Issue	1	Pages	305
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
	Abstract	Within the heritage field, the application of strain gauges on wood surfaces is a little-explored but inexpensive and effective method to analyse the environmental appropriateness of rooms for the wooden heritage collections they contain. This contribution proposes a wood sensor connected to a data logger to identify short moments with an elevated risk of harm. Two experiments were performed to obtain insights pertaining to the applicability of wood sensors to evaluate preservation conditions. (1) The representativeness of strain gauges on dummies was tested for their use in evaluating the preservation conditions of a range of wooden objects exposed to the same environment. For this, three situations were mimicked: a bare wood surface, a wood surface covered with a preparation layer, and a wood surface covered with a preparation and varnish layer. (2) The usability of strain gauges to monitor the wood behaviour in real-time measurements was tested with a monitoring campaign of almost two years in a church where a new heating system was installed. The results of both experiments are promising, and the authors encourage a broader application of strain gauges in the heritage field.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000510493100305	Publication Date	2020-01-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; This research was funded by the Belgian Federal Public Planning Service Science Policy (BELSPO) under project number BR/132/A6/AIRCHECQ. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:166595			Serial	6592
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Schalm, O.; Nuyts, G.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Some critical observations about the degradation of glass : the formation of lamellae explained			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Journal Of Non-Crystalline Solids	Abbreviated Journal	J Non-Cryst Solids
	Volume	569	Issue		Pages	120984
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	This study demonstrates that the mechanism responsible for the transformation of glass into a degradation layer is pH-dependent. In acid conditions, the transformed glass is homogeneous and brittle. In mild alkaline conditions, transformed glass is heterogeneous due to the presence of lamellae composed of silica nanoparticles and the occurrence of Ca-rich inclusions. The fundamental difference between acid and alkaline conditions cannot be explained by the currently accepted degradation mechanism based on ion exchange. To explain this critical observation, we propose a refined degradation mechanism based on existing knowledge that involves several inwardly moving reaction fronts. The fronts responsible for the transformation of the silicate network into amorphous silica are also responsible for the morphology of the transformed glass. We have identified the feedback mechanism that explains the formation of lamellae in alkaline conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000674487200009	Publication Date	2021-06-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-3093	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.124	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.124
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179835			Serial	8551
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Janssens, K.H.; Deraedt, I.; Schalm, O.; Veeckman, J.
	Title	Composition of 15-17th century archaeological glass vessels excavated in Antwerp, Belgium			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1998	Publication	Mikrochimica acta: supplementum	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue		Pages	253-267
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000075322100036	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0076-8642	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:22213			Serial	5540
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kuczumov, A.; Vekemans, B.; Schalm, O.; Dorriné, W.; Chevallier, P.; Dillmann, P.; Ro, C.-U.; Janssens, K.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Analyses of petrified wood by electron, X-ray and optical microprobes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1999	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	14	Issue		Pages	435-446
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000079138500016	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:22889			Serial	5466
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kuczumow, A.; Vekemans, B.; Schalm, O.; Vincze, L.; Dorriné, W.; Gysels, K.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Some new applications of auxiliary signals in X-ray fluorescence and electron microprobe analysis			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	1999	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	197-201 T2 - Proceedings of the European Conferenc
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000081658400032	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:24716			Serial	8553
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Janssens, K.; Vittiglio, G.; Deraedt, I.; Aerts, A.; Vekemans, B.; Vincze, L.; Wei, F.; de Ryck, I.; Schalm, O.; Adams, F.; Rindby, A.; Knöchel, A.; Simionovici, A.S.; Snigirev, A.
	Title	Use of microscopic XRF for non-destructive analysis in art an archaeometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2000	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	29	Issue		Pages	73-91
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000085107800010	Publication Date	2002-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2000 IF: 1.478
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:27561			Serial	5897
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kuczumov, A.; Vekemans, B.; Schalm, O.; Vincze, L.; Dorriné, W.; Gysels, K.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Application of auxiliary signals in X-ray fluorescence and electron microprobe analysis for density evaluation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1999	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	28	Issue		Pages	282-291
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000081693400014	Publication Date	2002-09-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:27584			Serial	7467
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kuczumow, A.; Vekemans, B.; Schalm, O.; Gysels, K.; Ro, C.-U.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Analysis of speleothems by electron and X-ray microprobes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2001	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	16	Issue		Pages	90-95
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000166644100015	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:32123			Serial	7451
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Caen, J.; Adams, F.
	Title	Chemische en morfologische karakterisatie van de grissailles van Capronnier met behulp van EPXMA			Type	P3 Proceeding
	Year	1999	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:32404			Serial	5518
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.
	Title	A flexible and accurate quantification algorithm for EPXMA based on thin-film element yields			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	58	Issue	4	Pages	669-680
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000182744200010	Publication Date	2003-04-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547; 0038-6987	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2003 IF: 2.361
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:41205			Serial	5623
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Caen, J.
	Title	Characterization of the main causes of deterioration of grisaille paint layers in 19th C. stained-glass windows by J.-B. Capronnier			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	58	Issue	4	Pages	589-607
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Twenty-seven glass fragments containing dark coloured grisaille paint layers of different qualities were collected from ten windows of the cathedral St. Michael & St. Gudule in Brussels (Belgium). The windows were made by J.-B. Capronnier (18141891) and cover the period between 1843 and 1878. The samples were cross-sectioned and examined in an electron microscope. Grisaille paint layers are not homogeneous and therefore, it is not meaningful to characterize them in terms of their average composition. Instead, parameters such as granularity, the number of residual gas bubbles per running millimetre of paint, the type of pigments, and the thickness of the paint layer were used to characterize them. The microscopic morphology allows a classification of the grisaille paint layers in four groups, every group associated with a quality level. Moreover, the main causes of the accelerated degradation of some of these paint layers could be explained. The classification made it possible to distinguish two periods in the work of Capronnier: (1) the early period (18431848) is characterized by the presence of either single granular paint layers or of double-layered systems consisting of a granular paint layer on top of a well-melted paint layer. The granular grisaille paint layers tend to pulverize; (2) the later period (18481878) is characterized by the presence of only well-vitrified paint layers. No sign of deterioration was found on the well-vitrified paint layers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000182744200002	Publication Date	2003-04-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547; 0038-6987	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2003 IF: 2.361
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:41208			Serial	5505
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Åmit, Å.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.; Kos, M.
	Title	Spread of façon-de-Venise glassmaking through central and western Europe			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research B	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	213	Issue		Pages	717-722
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000187020700143	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:45376			Serial	5843
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Jembrih-Simbürger, D.; Neelmeijer, C.; Schalm, O.; Fredrickx, P.; Schreiner, M.; De Vis, K.; Mäder, M.; Schryvers, D.; Caen, J.
	Title	The colour of silver stained glass : analytical investigations carried out with XRF, SEM/EDX, TEM and IBA			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	17	Issue		Pages	321-328
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Art; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Glass treated on its surface with silver compounds and an aluminosilicate, such as ochre or clay, at higher temperatures (between 550 and 650 °C) accepts a wide variety of a yellow colour. It is the aim of this study to investigate the parameters of the manufacturing process affecting the final colour of silver stained glass and to correlate them with the final colour and colour intensity. Therefore, defined mixtures of ochre and a silver compound (AgCl, AgNO3, Ag2SO4, Ag3PO4, Ag2O) were prepared and applied on soda-lime glass. The firing process was modified within the range from 563 to 630 °C and glass samples were analysed after treatment with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as ion beam analysis (IBA) with an external beam. Within the scope of IBA simultaneous measurements using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), particle-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE), and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) were carried out in order to obtain the thickness of the Ag-rich surface layer and the depth distribution of Ag. By means of TEM the microstructure of the silver particles was visualised. XRF results show that the lowest amount of Ag could be detected on glass samples treated with silver stain mixtures containing AgCl and Ag2O. A low kiln temperature (e.g. 563 °C) results in a higher silver concentration at the surface and lower penetration depths. Furthermore, the results obtained with SEM/EDX at cross-sections of the glass samples could be confirmed by PIXE, PIGE, RBS, and TEM.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000175158900001	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477;1364-5544;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.379	Times cited	42	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.379; 2002 IF: 4.250
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:48775			Serial	395
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Schalm, O.; Caluwé, D.; Wouters, H.; Janssens, K.; Verhaeghe, F.; Pieters, M.
	Title	Chemical composition and deterioration of glass excavated in the 15th-16th century fishermen town of Raversijde (Belgium)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta A
	Volume	59	Issue		Pages	1647-1656
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The chemical composition, as determined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis of a series of ca. 100 archaeological glass fragments, excavated at the Raversijde site (Belgium) is discussed. In the 15th-16th century, Raversijde was a flourishing fishermen town located on the shore of the North Sea, close to the city of Ostend. As a consequence of several battles that were fought in its vicinity, the site was abandoned in the 16th century and was not occupied since then. It is one of the rare archaeological sites in Europe that contains a significant amount of information on the daily life inside a small but affluent medieval community. A comparison of the chemical composition of fragments of vessels and window glass encountered in Raversijde to those found in urban centres in Belgium and to literature date on German and French archaeological finds shows that glass made with wood ash dominates. Usually, it concerns artifacts with a predominantly utilitarian use. A few objects made with sodic (i.e., Na-rich) glass were also encountered, likely to have been imported from Venice during the 15th century or in later periods from an urban centre such as Antwerp, where Facon-de-Venice glass manufacturing activities were established near the start of the 16th century. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000224848000021	Publication Date	2004-10-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1386-1425	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.536	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.536; 2004 IF: 1.188
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:49011			Serial	5512
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Proost, K.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Van Dyck, D.
	Title	Investigation of the chemical state and 3D distribution of Mn in corroded glass fragments			Type	H3 Book chapter
	Year	2005	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:50851			Serial	5674
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Padilla, R.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Arrazcaeta, R.; van Espen, P.
	Title	Microanalytical characterization of surface decoration in Majolica pottery			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Analytica chimica acta	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chim Acta
	Volume	535	Issue	1-2	Pages	201-211
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000228194200025	Publication Date	2005-01-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2670	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.95	Times cited	20	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.95; 2005 IF: 2.760
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:52143			Serial	5722
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Šmit, Ž.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.; Kos, M.
	Title	Analysis of façon-de-Venise glass originating from Central and Western Europe			Type	H3 Book chapter
	Year	2005	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	165-176
	Keywords	H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:52705			Serial	5467
Permanent link to this record



	Author	van der Linden, V.; Bultinck, E.; de Ruytter, J.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Devos, W.; Tiri, W.
	Title	Compositional analysis of 17-18th century archaeological glass fragments, excavated in Mechelen, Belgium: comparison with data from neighboring cities in the Low Countries			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms	Abbreviated Journal	Nucl Instrum Meth B
	Volume	239	Issue	1/2	Pages	100-106
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000233514700013	Publication Date	2005-08-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-583X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.109	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.109; 2005 IF: 1.181
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:56068			Serial	444
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Cosyns, P.; Vanderhoeven, A.; Vynckier, G.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.; Vanderlinden, V.
	Title	Two fragments of mold-blown glass beakers with Greek inscriptions from Tongeren (Belgium)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Journal of glass studies	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	47	Issue		Pages	179-183
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0075-4250	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:56123			Serial	5883
Permanent link to this record



	Author	van der Snickt, G.; Schalm, O.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K.; Schreiner, M.
	Title	Blue enamel on sixteenth- and seventeenth-century window glass : deterioration, microstructure, composition and preparation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Studies in conservation	Abbreviated Journal	Stud Conserv
	Volume	51	Issue		Pages	212-222
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000241941100006	Publication Date	2014-01-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-3630; 2047-0584	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	0.578	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 0.578; 2006 IF: 0.609
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:60712			Serial	5492
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	Author	Wagner, B.; Nowak, A.; Bulska, E.; Kunicki-Goldfinger, J.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; schalm
	Title	Complementary analysis of historical glass by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and laser ablation inductiveley coupled plasma mass spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Microchimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	162	Issue	3-4	Pages	415-424
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000258194900014	Publication Date	2007-10-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:70565			Serial	5533
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	Author	Aibéo, C.L.; Goffin, S.; Schalm, O.; van der Snickt, G.; Laquière, N.; Eyskens, P.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Micro-Raman analysis for the identification of pigments from 19th and 20th century paintings			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Journal of Raman spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	J Raman Spectrosc
	Volume	39	Issue	8	Pages	1091-1098
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this article, results using confocal µ-Raman to analyse the cross-section of paint samples are presented. Results obtained with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) are mentioned and compared to the ones obtained with confocal (MRS). In some cases, pigment identification was possible only by combining analytical results from different techniques. The samples were drawn from five paintings belonging to the Academy of Fine Arts of Antwerp, which are part of a collection of 34 paintings made by students from the Academy between 1819 and 1920. Since, on the one hand, the painting techniques and materials, especially pigments, used in this period are still not completely known, and on the other hand, this collection constitutes a very important and reliable resource of information, these paintings were chosen for a systematic investigation. They represent the evolution of painting in Belgium over approximately a century.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000259242100020	Publication Date	2008-05-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0377-0486	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.969	Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.969; 2008 IF: 3.526
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:74467			Serial	5716
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	Author	Schalm, O.; van der Linden, V.; Frederickx, P.; Luyten, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Caen, J.; Schryvers, D.; Janssens, K.; Cornelis, E.; van Dyck, D.; Schreiner, M.
	Title	Enamels in stained glass windows: preparation, chemical composition, microstructure and causes of deterioration			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	64	Issue	8	Pages	812-820
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Vision lab
	Abstract	Stained glass windows incorporating dark blue and purple enamel paint layers are in some cases subject to severe degradation while others from the same period survived the ravages of time. A series of dark blue, greenblue and purple enamel glass paints from the same region (Northwestern Europe) and from the same period (16early 20th centuries) has been studied by means of a combination of microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis, electron probe micro analysis and transmission electron microscopy with the aim of better understanding the causes of the degradation. The chemical composition of the enamels diverges from the average chemical composition of window glass. Some of the compositions appear to be unstable, for example those with a high concentration of K2O and a low content of CaO and PbO. In other cases, the deterioration of the paint layers was caused by the less than optimal vitrification of the enamel during the firing process. Recipes and chemical compositions indicate that glassmakers of the 1617th century had full control over the color of the enamel glass paints they made. They mainly used three types of coloring agents, based on Co (dark blue), Mn (purple) and Cu (light-blue or greenblue) as coloring elements. Bluepurple enamel paints were obtained by mixing two different coloring agents. The coloring agent for redpurple enamel, introduced during the 19th century, was colloidal gold embedded in grains of lead glass.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000269995300018	Publication Date	2009-06-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes	Iuap Vi/6; Fwo; Goa			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2009 IF: 2.719
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:79647			Serial	1035
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	Author	van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.; Aibéo, C.; Kloust, H.; Alfeld, M.
	Title	James Ensor's pigment use: artistic and material evolution studied by means of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	39	Issue	2	Pages	103-111
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this paper, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (PXRF) was employed as a screening tool for determining and comparing the pigment use in a large series of paintings by the Belgian artist James Ensor (1860-1949). Benefits and drawbacks of PXRF as a method, and the instrument employed, are discussed from a practical, conservation and instrumental perspective. Regardless of several restrictions due to the set-up and/or the analytical method, it appeared feasible to document the evolution with time in Ensor's use of inorganic pigments and to correlate this technical evolution with stylistic developments, Nevertheless, it became clear that a full identification of all materials present can only be done by means of the analysis of (cross-sectioned) samples.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000275959400006	Publication Date	2009-12-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The staff of the different museums and private institutions is acknowledged for rendering their assistance to this research, i.e. by making all paintings available for analysis and authorising the publication of the images in this article. Therefore, a word of gratitude to Paul Huvenne, Yolande Deckers, Herwig Todts, Stef Antonissen, Gwen Borms and Lizet Klaassen of the Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen (KMSKA), Luuk Van der Loeff of the Kroller-Muller Museum in Otterlo and Mireille Engel, Barbara De Jong of the Musea aan Zee (MuZee), Patricia Jaspers of the Dexia bank, Hildegard Van de Velde of the KBC bank and Frederik Leen of the Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van Belgie (KMSKB). Special thanks to Xavier Tricot and the other members of the Ensor committee for their valuable feedback. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2010 IF: 1.661
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:82324			Serial	5680
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	Author	van der Linden, V.; Schalm, O.; Houbraken, J.; Thomas, M.; Meesdom, E.; Devos, A.; van Dooren, R.; Nieuwdorp, H.; Janssen, E.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Chemical analysis of 16th to 19th century Limoges School painted enamel objects in three museums of the Low Countries			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	39	Issue	2	Pages	112-121
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this study, the results of analysing of a series of 16th-19th century painted enamel objects of the Limoges School currently in collections in three Dutch and Flemish museums by means of portable and micro x-ray fluorescence analysis (PXRF and µ-XRF) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) are presented. The aim of the investigation was the authentication of specific pieces. Therefore, the glass compositions as well as the (glass) colouring agents used by the Limoges' artists were studied as a function of the age of the objects. Due to the evolution of these properties, it is possible to approximately date these objects based on their chemical composition. The complete émail peint collection of the Museum Boijmans-Van Beuningen (Rotterdam, The Netherlands), consisting of 20 émail peint plaques, was analysed with µ-XRF. Quantitative information was obtained by EPMA analysis of 15 enamel fragments of objects from museum and private collections in the Low Countries. PXRF analyses were performed on the painted enamel collection of the Antwerp Vleeshuis Museum (13 objects) and the Mayer van den Bergh Museum (4 objects) and on a set of 18 plaques that were donated to the Boijmans-Van Beuningen Museum by a private collector. The results obtained by means of EPMA, µ-XRF and PXRF proved to be useful in the discrimination of 16th century painted enamel objects from those of the19th century. From a total of 70 objects examined, 2 objects (OM964A and OM993) featured a chemical signature that deviated from the published literature composition and pigment use consistent with its presumed period of manufacture.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000275959400007	Publication Date	2009-08-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2010 IF: 1.661
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:82325			Serial	5509
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	Author	Schalm, O.; de Raedt, I.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K.
	Title	A methodology for the identification of glass panes of different origin in a single stained glass window: application on two 13th century windows			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Journal of cultural heritage	Abbreviated Journal	J Cult Herit
	Volume	11	Issue	4	Pages	487-492
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The chemical composition of 11 glass panes originating from two 13th century non-figurative windows were analyzed by means of Scanning Electron MicroscopyEnergy Dispersive X-ray system (SEM-EDX). The windows were discovered in the back-wall of the triforium during the restoration of the choir of the cathedral St. Michael and St. Gudule in Brussels (Belgium). In order to determine if these windows were fabricated with glass of different origin or not, the compositional difference between the panes were compared with the variation in composition as a result of the following causes: (1) compositional fluctuation between panes cut from the same sheet of glass, (2) compositional fluctuation caused when panes are cut from different sheets that were made with the same batch, (3) compositional fluctuation caused when the glass is made from different batches at the same production center, and (4) compositional fluctuation as a result of glass produced at different fabrication centers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000282680500016	Publication Date	2010-07-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1296-2074	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.838	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.838; 2010 IF: 1.162
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:84942			Serial	5707
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	Author	Schalm, O.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Homogeneity, composition and deterioration of window glass fragments and paint layers from two seventeenth-century stained glass windows created by Jan de Caumont (similar to 1580-1659)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Studies in conservation	Abbreviated Journal	Stud Conserv
	Volume	55	Issue	3	Pages	216-226
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000285283600009	Publication Date	2014-01-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-3630; 2047-0584	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	0.578	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 0.578; 2010 IF: 0.605
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:85835			Serial	5645
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	Author	Schalm, O.; Proost, K.; De Vis, K.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; Mees, F.; Jacobs, P.; Caen, J.
	Title	Manganese staining of archaeological glass : the characterization of Mn-rich inclusions in leached layers and a hypothesis of its formation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Archaeometry	Abbreviated Journal	Archaeometry
	Volume	53	Issue	1	Pages	103-122
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	During the study of a large number of archaeological glass fragments, manganese-rich inclusions in leached layers were observed in a limited number of cases. This phenomenon occurs only in black-coloured leached layers. Since the formation mechanism of such manganese-rich inclusions is still unclear, a combination of several analytical techniques was used in order to investigate this phenomenon and, more specifically, to obtain more information on (a) the composition and morphology of the inclusions, (b) the chemical state of Mn and (c) the 3D morphology of the inclusions. A mechanism that might explain the formation of these inclusions is proposed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000285418100006	Publication Date	2010-07-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-813x; 1475-4754	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.47	Times cited	24	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.47; 2011 IF: 1.183
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:88754			Serial	5704
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	Author	Schalm, O.; Cabal, A.; van Espen, P.; Laquière, N.; Storme, P.
	Title	Improved radiographic methods for the investigation of paintings using laboratory and synchrotron X-ray sources			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	26	Issue	5	Pages	1068-1077
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	It is generally known that radiographic inspection of 1517th century paintings can easily be done with a polychromatic X-ray source using a voltage between 20 kV and 40 kV in combination with classic X-ray films. Unfortunately, the spatial structure of numerous 19th and early 20th century paintings cannot be visualized with conventional radiography due to several reasons such as the use of lead white grounds or low absorbing pigments. Radiographic images are blurred or worse, they do not contain the picture of the painting. During the last decades, many technological innovations have been introduced in the field of radiography but their possibilities in cultural heritage have not been explored in full detail. In our investigation we used phosphor imaging plates, energy dispersive detectors and CCD-cameras in combination with synchrotron radiation and conventional X-ray tubes in order to improve the quality of radiographic images. Several promising techniques that could improve the quality of radiographs of paintings were identified.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000289731900023	Publication Date	2011-04-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:89928			Serial	8070
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