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	Author	Andreae, M.O.; Charlson, R.J.; Bruynseels, F.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R.; Maenhaut, W.
	Title	Internal mixture of sea salt, silicates, and excess sulfate in marine aerosols			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	232	Issue	4758	Pages	1620-1623
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Individual aerosol particles from the remote marine atmosphere were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. A large fraction of the silicate mineral component of the aerosol was found to be internally mixed with sea-salt aerosol particles. This observation explains the unexpected similarity in the size distributions of silicates and sea salt that has been observed in remote marine aerosols. Reentrainment of dust particles previously deposited onto the sea surface and collision between aerosol particles can be excluded as possible source mechanisms for these internally mixed aerosols. The internal mixing could be produced by processes within clouds, including droplet coalescence. Cloud processes may also be responsible for the observed enrichment of excess (nonsea-salt) sulfate on sea-salt particles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1986C826900027	Publication Date	2006-10-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075; 1095-9203	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113613			Serial	8116
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bernard, P.C.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Eisma, D.
	Title	Classification of estuarine particles using automated electron-microprobe analysis and multivariate techniques			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	20	Issue	5	Pages	467-473
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1986C117800013	Publication Date	2005-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936x; 1520-5851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113614			Serial	7668
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Markowicz, A.A.; Storms, H.M.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Bremsstrahlung background in electron-probe X-ray-microanalysis of thin films			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1985	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	57	Issue	14	Pages	2885-2889
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1985AVD0100033	Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113616			Serial	7567
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bruynseels, F.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Direct detection of sulfate and nitrate layers on sampled marine aerosols by laser microprobe mass analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1985	Publication	Atmospheric environment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	19	Issue	11	Pages	1969-1970
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The direct detection of sulfate and nitrate layers on sampled marine aerosols was carried out by laser microprobe mass analysts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2003-08-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0004-6981	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113617			Serial	7810
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vos, L.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Influence of ion-source geometry in spark source-mass spectrometric analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1984	Publication	International journal of mass spectrometry and ion processes	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	59	Issue	3	Pages	221-229
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1984TK37900001	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-1176; 1873-2801	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113618			Serial	8094
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vos, L.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Influence of spark generator parameters in the analysis of graphite-electrodes by spark source-mass spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1984	Publication	International journal of mass spectrometry and ion processes	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	55	Issue	3	Pages	233-247
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Spark source mass spectrometric analyses of doped carbon samples were performed at different pulse lengths, pulse frequencies and breakdown voltages. The pulse length and pulse frequencies had no influence on the analysis. The relation between breakdown voltage, spark gap and sample matrix was determined. With increasing breakdown voltage, the abundance of the multiply charged ions was found to decrease, whereas the abundance of the cluster ions increased. The breakdown voltage was also found to affect the absolute and relative intensities of different elements in different manners. Interpretation of these results led to some new considerations on the phenomena in a spark discharge.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1984SA13700002	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-1176; 1873-2801	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113619			Serial	8098
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Dyck, P.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Automated quantitative electron-microprobe analysis of particulate material			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1984	Publication	Journal de physique	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	45	Issue	C:2	Pages	781-784
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	An automated electron microprobe, equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer and an additional backscattered electron signal digitalization system, can allow rapid sizing and major element analysis on numerous particles. A software package has been developed to exploit the particle size and shape information to achieve quantitative analysis of single particles, and to compare the performance of the different matrix correction procedures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1984SQ01400181	Publication Date	2007-08-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-0738	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113620			Serial	7540
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bruynseels, F.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	LAMMA and electron-microprobe analysis of atmospheric aerosols			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1984	Publication	Journal de physique	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	45	Issue	C:2	Pages	785-788
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A laser microprobe mass analyser and a highly automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis unit have been used to study the elemental composition, inorganic speciation and morphology of atmospheric aerosols collected at various remote to polluted and marine to continental locations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1984SQ01400182	Publication Date	2007-08-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-0738	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113621			Serial	8148
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Annegarn, H.J.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Dibby, D.M.; Von Blottnitz, F.
	Title	Background aerosol composition in the Namib Desert, South West-Africa (Namibia)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1983	Publication	Atmospheric environment : an international journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	17	Issue	10	Pages	2045-2053
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A remote site in the Namib Desert was selected for sampling background aerosols in southern Africa, as one of a wide network of stations spanning the Southern Hemisphere in a programme designed to measure the background concentrations of trace elements in the atmosphere. A series of samples was collected over a 6-month period using a single-orifice cascade impactor, which fractionated the particles into six size groups. Analysis was performed using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), yielding results for S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Br and Sr, and occasionally also for V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. No direct correlations with wind direction were observed excluding strong local or regional sources of particles. K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe can be identified with a dust dispersion source. Cl, large particle S and Br, and part of the K and Sr are derived from sea spray. Relative to the soil components small particle K is not enriched as it normally is in regions with less scarce vegetation. Cr, V, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations and enrichments in the aerosol are lower than practically all values measured at any other location hitherto. The concentration of the small particle sulphur, 200 ng m−3, is believed to be related to anaerobic conditions and plankton blooms in the ocean upwelling zones off Namibia.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1983RP58300017	Publication Date	2003-08-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1352-2310	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113623			Serial	7545
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vos, L.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Influence of ion energy-distributions and matrix effects on spark source-mass spectrometric analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1983	Publication	International journal of mass spectrometry and ion processes	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	51	Issue	1	Pages	63-76
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The energy distributions of ions produced in a spark source mass spectrometer were recorded for different trace element ions and for the total ion current. Both electrodes of pure doped graphite, and with 10% potassium salts added, were examined. The results show that the measured energy of an ion is mainly determined by the m/z ratio and that the energy of the total ion current depends on the sample composition. It was also clear that if the accelerating voltage is set to obtain maximum transmission of the total ion current, the fraction of the heavy elements that is discriminated at the β-slit depends on the matrix composition if the pass band of the instrument is narrow. These effects influence considerably the accuracy in the analysis of variable samples.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1983QV48400008	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-1176; 1873-2801	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113624			Serial	8093
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Maenhaut, W.; Raemdonck, H.; Selen, A.; Van Grieken, R.; Winchester, J.W.
	Title	Characterization of the atmospheric aerosol over the eastern equatorial Pacific			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1983	Publication	Journal of geophysical research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	88	Issue	C:9	Pages	5353-5364
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	By using a polyester sailboat as sampling platform, a series of duplicate aerosol samples was collected by cascade impactors on a trip from Panama to Tahiti in 1979. Elemental analysis mainly by particle-induced X ray emission (PIXE) indicated, in the samples collected between Panama and the Galapagos Islands, the presence of a substantial crustal component (∼0.4 μg/m3), fine Cu (∼0.4 ng/m3) and Zn (∼0.6 ng/m3), and excess fine S and K (∼100 and ∼2.4 ng/m3, respectively) in addition to the major sea salt elements. The crustal component and fine Cu and Zn are suggested to result from natural continental sources (i.e., eolian dust transport from the American continents and perhaps geothermal emissions). Samples collected west of the Galapagos Islands in the southern trades showed significantly lower concentrations for the nonseawater components. The average Si and Fe levels were as low as 4.8 and 3.3 ng/m3, corresponding to a maximum of 0.066 μg/m3 for an assumed mineral dust component, whereas heavy metal concentrations were all below the detection limits (typically ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 ng/m3 for V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Se). Excess fine S decreased to a mean of 46 ng/m3, a level similar to those reported for other remote marine and continental locations. This all indicates that the marine atmosphere west of the Galapagos was little influenced by natural continental source processes or by anthropogenic emissions. Under these truly marine conditions, several concentration ratios of the major seawater elements were significantly different from those in bulk seawater. Ca, Sr, and S in >1 μm diameter particles were enriched relative to K and Na, with the enrichment being substantially more pronounced (up to 50% or higher) for l4-μm diameter particles than for particles >4 μm. Comparison of these data with a similar data set from samples collected over the Atlantic indicates that the departures from seawater composition are significantly larger for the Pacific. Differences in sea-to-air fractionation processes, probably involving binding of divalent cations to organic matter in the oceanic surface microlayer, are suggested as being responsible for these observations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1983QU67600025	Publication Date	2008-02-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0148-0227; 2156-2202; 0022-1406; 0196-6928; 0196-6936; 0885-3401; 8755-8556; 0196-2256; 0747-7309; 1	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113625			Serial	7633
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bruynseels, F.J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Molecular ion distributions in laser microprobe mass-spectrometry of calcium-oxide and calcium salts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1983	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	38	Issue	5-6	Pages	853-858
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Laser Microprobe Mass Spectrometry (LAMMA) is used to examine micrometric particles of calcium oxyanion salts (CaCO3, CaSO4, CaSO4·2H2O) and calcium oxide, in both the positive and negative ion mode. The major molecular ions, appearing in the positive mass spectrum, can be divided into three series, namely CamOm-1+, (CaO)m+ and (CaO)mH+ (m = 1-4). In the case of the former two series the relative intensities of the mass peaks as a function of the fragment valence K = (1 + 2n)/m, for CamOn+, can be fitted to a Gaussian distribution curve, as was earlier demonstrated for secondary ion mass spectrometry. The high stability of the (CaO)mH+ series can be explained by the favourable fragment valence of +2 corresponding to the usual oxidation state of calcium.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1983QY80000019	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547; 1873-3565	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113626			Serial	8273
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Robberecht, H.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Selenium in environmental waters : determination, speciation and concentration levels			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1982	Publication	Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	29	Issue	10	Pages	823-844
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	This article reviews the different methods used for the determination of selenium species in all types of environmental waters. Basic difficulties are discussed and the efficiency of the methods is explained in view of the sub-μg/1. concentration levels. Special attention is paid to preconcentration steps. Published data on speciation and concentration levels in various water samples are critically reviewed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1982PK22900004	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-9140; 1873-3573	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113627			Serial	8509
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Maenhaut, W.; Selen, A.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R.; Winchester, W.J.
	Title	Pixe analysis of aerosol samples collected over the atlantic-ocean from a sailboat			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1981	Publication	Nuclear instruments and methods	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	181	Issue	1-3	Pages	399-405
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract	Size-fractionated aerosol samples, collected over the Atlantic Ocean, were analyzed for up to 20 elements by PIXE. Using a sailboat as sampling platform, duplicate samples were taken for two-day periods by means of battery operated 6-stage cascade impactors, positioned about 8 m above the sea surface. In the PIXE analysis of the fine particle stages (stages 3 to 5) a 5 times smaller beam size was used than for stages 1 and 2. This led to significant improvement in the detection limits for the former stages. The results from the duplicate impactor samples were normally in good agreement, indicating that the combined uncertainty of sampling and PIXE analysis was of the order of 20%. The precision of the PIXE analysis alone was investigated by rebombarding some samples six months after the first analysis. The trends with time of the fine particle sulfur and the coarse particle iron concentrations are discussed in some detail.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1981LH81100073	Publication Date	2002-11-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0029-554x; 1878-3759	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113628			Serial	8386
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vanderborght, B.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Spark-source mass-spectrometric sensitivity factors for elements in a graphite matrix			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1979	Publication	Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	26	Issue	6	Pages	461-465
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Relative sensitivity factors for determination of 41 elements by spark-source mass-spectrometry have been measured. The samples were pressed into graphite electrodes and ionized with a radiofrequency spark. The mass spectra were recorded on a photoplate and the resulting data processed by a computer. Indium was used as standard and the relative sensitivity factors for both singly- and doubly-charged ions were determined with reference to the singly-charged indium ion, with an overall error of 30%. The mean analysis precision was 16%.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1979GX58000005	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-9140; 1873-3573	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113630			Serial	8563
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vanderborght, B.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Automated evaluation of photographically recorded spark-source mass spectra			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1978	Publication	Analytica chimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	103	Issue	3	Pages	223-235
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A computer routine was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of photographically recorded spark-source mass spectra. Particular attention is given to the case of a graphite matrix. The program starts from the line intensities (expressed as Seidel values) and isotope masses calculated from the densitometer readings by a commercially available routine. From the intensities in the different exposures (typically 15 stages), it computes the parameters for the linear parts of the density curves for each ion. Taking into account mutual interferences of multivalent ions, isotope or C-clusters, oxide, carbide and dicarbide ions, the program automatically identifies and then quantifies the elements present. The precision of the results is around 5%. Reading and complete processing of one photoplate is achieved within 23 h.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1978GD90900003	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2670; 1873-4324	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113631			Serial	7538
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.E.; Bresseleers, C.M.; Vanderborght, B.M.
	Title	Chelex-100 ion-exchange filter membranes for preconcentration in x-ray-fluorescence analysis of water			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1977	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	49	Issue	9	Pages	1326-1331
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1977DP25600011	Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113632			Serial	7639
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Akselsson, R.; Orsini, C.; Meinert, D.L.; Johansson, T.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Kaufmann, H.C.; Chapman, K.R.; Nelson, J.W.; Winchester, J.W.
	Title	Application of proton induced X-ray emission analysis to the St. Louis regional air pollution study			Type	P3 Proceeding
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113633			Serial	7481
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.; Bresseleers, K.; Smits, J.; Vanderborght, B.; Vanderstappen, M.
	Title	Enrichment procedures for water analysis by X-ray energy spectrometry			Type	P3 Proceeding
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113634			Serial	7924
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Grieken, R.; Adams, F.
	Title	Filter absorption correction for X-ray fluorescence analysis of aerosol loaded filters			Type	P3 Proceeding
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113635			Serial	7968
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	Author	Van Grieken, R.E.; Johansson, T.B.; Akselsson, K.R.; Winchester, J.W.; Nelson, J.W.; Chapman, K.R.
	Title	Geophysical applicability of aerosol size distribution measurements using cascade impactors and proton-induced X-ray-emission			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1976	Publication	Atmospheric environment : an international journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	10	Issue	8	Pages	571-576
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Proton Induced X-ray Emission, (PIXE), is capable of high precision analysis for trace element components of aerosol particle size fractions sampled by cascade impactor. A statistical evaluation of data quality has been carried out in order to distinguish between analytical uncertainties in the PIXE procedure, errors caused by cascade impactor performance and by other factors in the sampling procedure, and geophysical causes of differences in composition and particle size distributions of the elements in aerosols. Replicate analyses and simultaneous samplings taken in north Florida and St. Louis have been used for the data evaluation. In addition to the analytical error the sampling procedure contributes an error of ~ 10% to be added quadratically. The resulting precision is sufficient to evaluate the data in geophysical terms. This is illustrated by means of sample sets taken simultaneously in an urban, forest and coastal environment of the same region.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1976BZ75500001	Publication Date	2003-08-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1352-2310	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113636			Serial	8000
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	Author	Johansson, T.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Winchester, J.W.
	Title	Elemental abundance variation with particle-size in north florida aerosols			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1976	Publication	Journal of geophysical research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	81	Issue	6	Pages	1039-1046
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A nonurban base line has been established for nine trace element constituents of aerosol particles as a function of particle size at ground level sampling stations in north Florida up to 50 km from the Gulf of Mexico. The particle size range 0.25- to >4-μm aerodynamic diameter was investigated by cascade impactor sampling and elemental analysis by proton-induced X ray emission. By using a strategy of sampling at urban, forest, and coastal locations and by choosing approximately 48-hour sample averaging intervals the potential dependence of the base line levels both on local pollution and natural sources and on local particle size specific aerosol removal processes could be evaluated. It is found that elements contained in the largest particles, especially those of >4 μm, display the greatest degree of average concentration difference between sites, a result suggesting short atmospheric residence times and the importance of local dispersion sources and atmospheric cleansing processes in regulating the particle concentrations in air. Elements contained in particles of <2-μm diameter show little average concentration difference between sites unless they are influenced by local pollution sources, a finding suggesting that their concentrations in air are regulated by large-scale sources and transport processes. Sulfur in the smallest particles shows a marked constancy of concentration, but it may be modified in the largest particle size ranges in relation to proximity to the seacoast. No evidence is found for dependence of particulate sulfur concentrations on local pollution sources. K, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Zn appear to be regulated in the main by terrestrial source processes, and Cl by marine source processes, but Br and Pb appear to be accounted for adequately by assuming automotive fuel combustion as their major source. Limited data obtained for V indicate that it may vary considerably with fluctuations in aerosol transport from oil-fired electric power plant sources in the region. Limited additional data also suggest that Mn is derived from sources of natural terrestrial composition. In view of these findings, certain criteria may be set for the design of a meaningful nonurban aerosol monitoring network.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1976BG78300001	Publication Date	2008-02-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0148-0227; 2156-2202; 0022-1406; 0196-6928; 0196-6936; 0885-3401; 8755-8556; 0196-2256; 0747-7309; 1	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113637			Serial	7879
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	Author	Johansson, T.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Nelson, J.W.; Winchester, J.W.
	Title	Elemental trace analysis of small samples by proton-induced X-ray-emission			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1975	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	47	Issue	6	Pages	855-860
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1975AA02900016	Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113638			Serial	7895
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	Author	Adams, F.C.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Absorption correction for X-ray-fluorescence analysis of aerosol loaded filters			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1975	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	47	Issue	11	Pages	1767-1773
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1975AN45700013	Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113639			Serial	7408
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	Author	Johansson, T.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Winchester, J.W.
	Title	Marine influences on aerosol composition in the coastal zone			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1974	Publication	Journal de recherches atmosphériques	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8	Issue	3-4	Pages	761-766
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-7972	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113640			Serial	8204
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	Author	Van Grieken, R.E.; Johansson, T.B.; Winchester, J.W.
	Title	Trace metal fractionation effects between sea water and aerosols from bubble bursting			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1974	Publication	Journal de recherches atmosphériques	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8	Issue	3-4	Pages	611-621
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-7972	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113641			Serial	8693
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	Author	Nelson, J.W.; Williams, I.; Johansson, T.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Elemental analysis of aerosols using proton-scattering			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1974	Publication	IEEE transactions on nuclear science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Ns21	Issue	1	Pages	618-621
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Elemental analysis for all of the light elements up through chlorine by elastic scattering of 16 MeV protons has been shown to be feasible. Basic problems associated with such measurements are discussed including kinematics, angular distribution, and sample backings. Spectra are presented for air particulate matter for both a total filter (Nuclepore) and a size fractionated air impactor (polystyrene backed) sample. The method is absolute, non destructive and can be used in conjunction with proton induced x-ray fluorescence to quantitatively analyze all elements in the same sample in minutes of time.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1974S533700086	Publication Date	2008-07-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0018-9499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113642			Serial	7881
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	Author	Johansson, T.B.; Nelson, J.W.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Winchester, J.W.
	Title	Elemental analysis of aerosol-size fractions by proton-induced X-ray-emission			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1973	Publication	Transactions of the American Nuclear Society	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	17	Issue	Nov	Pages	103-103
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1973R161300114	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-018x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113643			Serial	7880
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	Author	Markowicz, A.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	A simple absorption correction for electron probe X-ray microanalysis of bulk samples			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	115-119
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A simple procedure is proposed for the calculation of the absorption correction factor in electron-probe x-ray microanalysis. It is based on the concept of an effective depth of x-ray production, assuming a rectangular depth distribution function for x-ray generation. This effective x-ray production depth is expressed as a fraction of the x-ray excitation depth given by Whelan's expression. Adequate values for this fraction are presented. Two versions are considered. In the first the effective x-ray production is a function of both the characteristic x-ray energy and the atomic numbers of the matrix elements, whereas in the second one, which is indicated for routine use, the energy dependence is neglected. Calculations pointed to satisfactory results, even for low x-ray energies and high overvoltages.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1986C017300007	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113872			Serial	8524
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	Author	Markowicz, A.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Evaluation of an equation for bremsstrahlung background in electron-probe X-ray microanalysis of composite samples			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	131-133
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A new equation for predicting the generated bremsstrahlung background intensity in electron-probe x-ray microanalysis has been verified experimentally. This equation is applicable to all bulk composite specimens and reduces to Kramers' equation for pure elements only. The experimental verification has been carried out for Al2O3, Fe2O3 and ZrO2 with radiation energies from 4.2 to 14.8 keV. The predicted bremsstrahlung intensities are in good agreement with the experimental data.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1986C017300009	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113873			Serial	7937
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