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	Author	Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Miliani, C.; Brunetti, B.G.; Vagnini, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Falkenberg, G.; Abakumov, A.; Lu, Y.; Tian, H.; Verbeeck, J.; Radepont, M.; Cotte, M.; Hendriks, E.; Geldof, M.; van der Loeff, L.; Salvant, J.; Menu, M.;
	Title	Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of spectromicroscopic methods : 3 : synthesis, characterization, and detection of different crystal forms of the chrome yellow pigment			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	85	Issue	2	Pages	860-867
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The painter, Vincent van Gogh, and some of his contemporaries frequently made use of the pigment chrome yellow that is known to show a tendency toward darkening. This pigment may correspond to various chemical compounds such as PbCrO4 and PbCr1-xSxO4, that may each be present in various crystallographic forms with different tendencies toward degradation. Investigations by X-ray diffraction (XRD), mid-Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman instruments (benchtop and portable) and synchrotron radiation-based micro-XRD and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy performed on oil-paint models, prepared with in-house synthesized PbCrO4 and PbCr1-xSxO4, permitted us to characterize the spectroscopic features of the various forms. On the basis of these results, an extended study has been carried out on historic paint tubes and on embedded paint microsamples taken from yellow-orange/pale yellow areas of 12 Van Gogh paintings, demonstrating that Van Gogh effectively made use of different chrome yellow types. This conclusion was also confirmed by in situ mid-FTIR investigations on Van Goghs Portrait of Gauguin (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000313668400031	Publication Date	2012-10-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	79	Open Access
	Notes	Goa; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2013 IF: 5.825
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108707UA @ admin @ c:irua:108707			Serial	631
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Adriaensen, L.; Vangaever, F.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Metal-assisted secondary ion mass spectrometry: the influence of Ag and Au deposition on molecular ion yields			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	76	Issue	22	Pages	6777-6785
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000225076400033	Publication Date	2004-11-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	67	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2004 IF: 5.450
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:51980			Serial	2006
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Aghaei, M.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Flowing Atmospheric Pressure Afterglow for Ambient Ionization: Reaction Pathways Revealed by Modeling			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Analytical Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	93	Issue	17	Pages	6620-6628
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We describe the plasma chemistry in a helium ﬂowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) used for analytical spectrometry, by means of a quasione-dimensional (1D) plasma chemical kinetics model. We study the eﬀect of typical impurities present in the feed gas, as well as the afterglow in ambient humid air. The model provides the species density proﬁles in the discharge and afterglow regions and the chemical pathways. We demonstrate that H, N, and O atoms are formed in the discharge region, while the dominant reactive neutral species in the afterglow are O3 and NO. He* and He2* are responsible for Penning ionization of O2, N2, H2O, H2, and N, and especially O and H atoms. Besides, He2+ also contributes to ionization of N2, O2, H2O, and O through charge transfer reactions. From the pool of ions created in the discharge, NO+ and (H2O)3H+ are the dominant ions in the afterglow. Moreover, negatively charged clusters, such as NO3H2O− and NO2H2O−, are formed and their pathway is discussed as well. Our model predictions are in line with earlier observations in the literature about the important reagent ions and provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying pathways. The model explains in detail why helium provides a high analytical sensitivity because of high reagent ion formation by both Penning ionization and charge transfer. Such insights are very valuable for improving the analytical performance of this (and other) ambient desorption/ionization source(s).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000648505900008	Publication Date	2021-05-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 6713 ; The authors gratefully acknowledge ﬁnancial support from the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) grant number 6713. The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (Department EWI), and the UA. The authors also thank J. T. Shelley for providing experimental data for the gas velocity behind the anode disk and before the mass spectrometer interface, to validate our model.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:178126			Serial	6762
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	Author	Aghaei, M.; Lindner, H.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Ion Clouds in the Inductively Coupled Plasma Torch: A Closer Look through Computations			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	88	Issue	88	Pages	8005-8018
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We have computationally investigated the introduction of copper elemental particles in an inductively coupled plasma torch connected to a sampling cone, including for the first time the ionization of the sample. The sample is inserted as liquid particles, which are followed inside the entire torch, i.e., from the injector inlet up to the ionization and reaching the sampler. The spatial position of the ion clouds inside the torch as well as detailed information on the copper species fluxes at the position of the sampler orifice and the exhausts of the torch are provided. The effect of on- and off-axis injection is studied. We clearly show that the ion clouds of on-axis injected material are located closer to the sampler with less radial diffusion. This guarantees a higher transport efficiency through the sampler cone. Moreover, our model reveals the optimum ranges of applied power and flow rates, which ensure the proper position of ion clouds inside the torch, i.e., close enough to the sampler to increase the fraction that can enter the mass spectrometer and with minimum loss of material toward the exhausts as well as a sufficiently high plasma temperature for efficient ionization.
	Address	Research Group PLASMANT, Chemistry Department, University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Wos	000381654800020	Publication Date	2016-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes	The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO), Grant Number 6713. The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI), and the UA.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:135644			Serial	4293
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	Author	Alvarez-Martin, A.; Cleland, T.P.; Kavich, G.M.; Janssens, K.; Newsome, G.A.
	Title	Rapid evaluation of the debromination mechanism of eosin in oil paint by direct analysis in real time and direct infusion-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	91	Issue	16	Pages	10856-10863
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Eosin is a synthetic organic colorant prone to fading under the influence of light. On the basis of the growing interest in the understanding of the discoloration mechanism of eosin-based lakes, this study compares the ability of two ultrafast and ultrasensitive mass spectrometry techniques to detect eosin derivatives in complex matrices, such as oil media without the use of conventional separation columns or additional sample preparation protocols. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) and direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) were used to characterize the degradation pathway of eosin in oil media. The analysis protocols developed in this study are applied to discern the degradation mechanism of the lake pigment eosin (comprising the molecule per se complexed to an inorganic substrate) dispersed in linseed oil to create an oil paint. The analysis of oil paints by high resolution MS without an extraction methodology that modifies the system chemistry allowed us to identify the degradation forms without causing any additional fragmentation. Both techniques revealed the primary photodegradation pathway of eosin in linseed oil, and DI-ESI-MS provided additional information on the native conformation of the lake.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000482545300069	Publication Date	2019-07-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors would like to acknowledge the SolarPaint project (GOA program, Antwerp University Research Council) and Smithsonian Institution for financial support. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:162879			Serial	5800
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	Author	Alvarez-Martin, A.; Newsome, G.A.; Janssens, K.
	Title	High-resolution mass spectrometry and nontraditional mass defect analysis of brominated historical pigments			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Analytical Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	93	Issue	44	Pages	14851-14858
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
	Abstract	The implementation of high-resolution mass spectrometry systems offers new possibilities for the analysis of complex art samples such as historical oil paintings. However, these multicomponent systems generate large and complex data sets that require advanced visualization tools to aid interpretation, especially when no chromatographic separation is performed. In the context of this research, it was crucial to propose a data analysis tool to identify the products generated during the synthesis, drying, and aging of historical pigments. This study reports for the first time a nontraditional mass defect analysis of oil paint samples containing a fugitive brominated-organic pigment, eosin or geranium lake, by using direct infusion electrospray ionization in combination with a high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The use of nontraditional Kendrick mass defect plots is presented in this study as a processing and visualization tool to recognize brominated species based on their specific mass defect and isotope pattern. The results demonstrate that this approach could provide valuable molecular compositional information on the degradation pathways of this pigment. We anticipate that mass defect analysis will become highly relevant in future degradation studies of many more historical organic pigments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000718171600037	Publication Date	2021-10-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:182347			Serial	8038
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	Author	Anaf, W.; Trashin, S.; Schalm, O.; van Dorp, D.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical photodegradation study of semiconductor pigments : influence of environmental parameters			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	86	Issue	19	Pages	9742-9748
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
	Abstract	Chemical transformations in paintings often induce discolorations, disturbing the appearance of the image. For an appropriate conservation of such valuable and irreplaceable heritage objects, it is important to have a good know-how on the degradation processes of the (historical) materials: which pigments have been discolored, what are the responsible processes, and which (environmental) conditions have the highest impact on the pigment degradation and should be mitigated. Pigment degradation is already widely studied, either by analyzing historical samples or by accelerated weathering experiments on dummies. However, in historic samples several processes may have taken place, increasing the complexity of the current state, while aging experiments are time-consuming due to the often extended aging period. An alternative method is proposed for a fast monitoring of degradation processes of semiconductor pigments, using an electrochemical setup mimicking the real environment and allowing the identification of harmful environmental parameters for each pigment. Examples are given for the pigments cadmium yellow (CdS) and vermilion (α-HgS).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000343017100058	Publication Date	2014-08-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2014 IF: 5.636
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:118834			Serial	5593
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	Author	Ayalew, E.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Unraveling the reactivity of minium towards bicarbonate and the role of lead oxides therein			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	88	Issue	3	Pages	1564-1569
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Understanding the reactivity of (semiconductor) pigments provides vital information on how to improve conservation strategies for works of art in order to avoid rapid degradation of the pigments. This study focuses on the photoactivity of minium (Pb3O4), a semiconductor pigment, that gives rise to strong discoloration phenomena upon exposure to various environmental conditions. To demonstrate its photoactivity, an electrochemical setup with minium-modified graphite electrode (C\|Pb3O4) was used. It is confirmed that minium is a p-type semiconductor which is photoactive during illumination and becomes inactive in the dark. Raman measurements confirm the formation of the degradation products. The photoactivity of a semiconductor pigment is partly defined by the presence of lead oxide (PbO) impurities; these introduce new states in the original band gap. It will be experi-mentally evidenced that the presence of PbO particles in minium leads to an upward shift of the valence band that reduces the band gap. Thus, upon photoexcitation, the electron/hole separation is more easily initialized. The PbO/Pb3O4 composite electrodes demonstrate a higher reductive photocurrent compared to the photocurrent registered at pure PbO or Pb3O4 modified electrodes. Upon exposure to light with energy close to and above the band gap, electrons are excited from the valence band to the conduction band to initialize the reduction of Pb(IV) to Pb(II), resulting in the initial formation of PbO. However in the presence of bicarbonate ions, a significantly higher photoreduction current is recorded since the PbO reacts further to form hydrocerussite. Therefore the presence of bicarbonates in the environment stimulates the photodecomposition process of minium and plays an important role in the degradation process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000369471100014	Publication Date	2015-12-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge Sanne Aerts from the Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis (LADCA) of the University of Antwerp for her help with the UV-vis-DR. Financial support from the SOLARPAINT BOF-GOA project (University of Antwerp Research Council) is acknowledged. The authors are also indebted to F. Vanmeert for performing the XRD measurements. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:129963			Serial	5888
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	Author	Balazs, L.; Gijbels, R.; Vertes, A.
	Title	Expansion of laser-generated plumes near the plasma ignition threshold			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1991	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	63	Issue		Pages	314-320
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	A1991EX23500005	Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.636	Times cited	71	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:704			Serial	1134
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	Author	Barich, H.; Cánovas, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical identification of hazardous phenols and their complex mixtures in real samples using unmodified screen-printed electrodes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Journal of electroanalytical chemistry : an international journal devoted to all aspects of electrode kynetics, interfacial structure, properties of electrolytes, colloid and biological electrochemistry.	Abbreviated Journal	J Electroanal Chem
	Volume	904	Issue		Pages	115878
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	The electrochemical behavior of some of the most relevant endocrine-disrupting phenols using unmodified carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) is described for the first time. Experiments were made to assess the electrochemical behavior of phenol (PHOH), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 4-tert octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A (BPA) and their determination in the most favorable conditions, using voltammetric methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) in Britton Robinson (BR) buffer. Further, the usefulness of the electrochemical approach was validated with real samples from a local river and was compared to commercial phenols test kit, which is commonly used for on-site screening in industrial streams and wastewaters. Finally, the approach was compared with a lab-bench standard method using real samples, i.e., high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000741151200005	Publication Date	2021-11-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1572-6657; 1873-2569	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.5	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.5
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:184384			Serial	7150
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	Author	Bertrand, L.; Schoeeder, S.; Anglos, D.; Breese, M.B.H.; Janssens, K.; Moini, M.; Simon, A.
	Title	Mitigation strategies for radiation damage in the analysis of ancient materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Trends in analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Trac-Trend Anal Chem
	Volume	66	Issue		Pages	128-145
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The study of materials in cultural heritage artifacts and micro-samples benefits from diagnostic techniques based on intense radiation sources, such as synchrotrons, ion-beam accelerators and lasers. While most of the corresponding techniques are classified as non-destructive, investigation with photons or charged particles entails a number of fundamental processes that may induce changes in materials. These changes depend on irradiation parameters, properties of materials and environmental factors. In some cases, radiation-induced damage may be detected by visual inspection. When it is not, irradiation may still lead to atomic and molecular changes resulting in immediate or delayed alteration and bias of future analyses. Here we review the effects of radiation reported on a variety of cultural heritage materials and describe the usual practice for assessing short-term and long-term effects. This review aims to raise awareness and encourage subsequent research activities to limit radiation side effects.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000352248200020	Publication Date	2014-12-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0165-9936	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.442	Times cited	35	Open Access
	Notes	; We wish to acknowledge the support of this initiative by the International Atomic Energy Agency. We gratefully thank Professor Manfred Schreiner of the Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology in the Arts (Akademie den bildenden Kunst, Vienna, Austria) for helpful discussions and insights on this work. We thank all colleagues who accepted to have their work reproduced in this review. IPANEMA at Synchrotron SOLEIL, the Hungarian Academy of Science and IESL-FORTH were supported within the Research Infrastructure program CHARISMA of the 7th Framework Programme of the EU (Grant Agreement no. 228330). MM's contribution is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant numbers CHE 1241672 and CHE 1440849. We thank Chris McGlinchey and Lauren Klein (Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA) for their critical rereading of the manuscript. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.442; 2015 IF: 6.472
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:124627			Serial	5729
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	85	Issue	2	Pages	670-704
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000313668400013	Publication Date	2012-11-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	29	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2013 IF: 5.825
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:104719			Serial	190
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	80	Issue	12	Pages	4317-4347
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000256763400006	Publication Date	2008-05-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	53	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2008 IF: 5.712
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:69437			Serial	191
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	78	Issue	12	Pages	3917-3945
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000238252600007	Publication Date	2006-06-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	112	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2006 IF: 5.646
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:60058			Serial	192
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	76	Issue	12	Pages	3313-3336
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000222011100006	Publication Date	2004-06-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	32	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2004 IF: 5.450
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:46258			Serial	193
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	74	Issue	12	Pages	2691-2712
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000176253700006	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2002 IF: 5.094
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:40192			Serial	194
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy: a review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	82	Issue	12	Pages	4653-4681
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000278616100001	Publication Date	2010-05-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	65	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2010 IF: 5.874
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82675			Serial	195
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Modeling plasmas in analytical chemistry—an example of cross-fertilization			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Analytical And Bioanalytical Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Bioanal Chem
	Volume	412	Issue	24	Pages	6059-6083
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	This paper gives an overview of the modeling work developed in our group in the last 25 years for various plasmas used in analytical spectrochemistry, i.e., glow discharges (GDs), inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs), and laser ablation (LA) for sample introduction in the ICP and for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The modeling approaches are briefly presented, which are different for each case, and some characteristic results are illustrated. These plasmas are used not only in analytical chemistry but also in other applications, and the insights obtained in these other fields were quite helpful for us to develop models for the analytical plasmas. Likewise, there is now a huge interest in plasma–liquid interaction, atmospheric pressure glow discharges (APGDs), and dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) for environmental, medical, and materials applications of plasmas. The insights obtained in these fields are also very relevant for ambient desorption/ionization sources and for liquid sampling, which are nowadays very popular in analytical chemistry, and they could be very helpful in developing models for these sources as well.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000522701700005	Publication Date	2020-03-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1618-2642	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.3	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	M. Aghaei, Z. Chen, D. Autrique, T. Martens, and P. Heirman are gratefully acknowledged for their valuable efforts in the model developments illustrated in this paper.			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.3; 2020 IF: 3.431
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:168600			Serial	6412
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	New developments and applications in GDMS			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1999	Publication	Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Fresen J Anal Chem
	Volume	364	Issue		Pages	367-375
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos	000081637500002	Publication Date	2002-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0937-0633;1432-1130;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:24923			Serial	2311
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Three-dimensional modeling of a direct current glow discharge in argon: is it better than one-dimensional modeling?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1997	Publication	Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Fresen J Anal Chem
	Volume	359	Issue		Pages	331-337
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos	A1997YC02800005	Publication Date	2002-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0937-0633;1432-1130;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:19608			Serial	3654
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Two-dimensional model of a direct current glow discharge : description of the argon metastable atoms, sputtered atoms and ions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1996	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	68	Issue	15	Pages	2676-2685
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	A two-dimensional model is presented that describes the behavior of argon metastable atoms, copper atoms, and copper ions in an argon direct. current glow discharge, in the standard cell of the VG9000 glow discharge mass spectrometer for analyzing flat samples. The model is combined with a previously developed model for the electrons, argon ions, and atoms in the same cell to obtain an overall picture of the glow discharge, The results of the present model comprise the number densities of the described plasma species, the relative contributions of different production and loss processes for the argon metastable atoms, the thermalization profile of the sputtered copper atoms, the relative importance of the different ionization mechanisms for the copper atoms, the ionization degree of copper, the copper ion-to-argon ion density ratio, and the relative roles of copper ions, argon ions, and atoms in the sputtering process. All these quantities are calculated for a range of voltages and pressures, Moreover, since the sticking coefficient of copper atoms on solid surfaces is not well-known in the literature, the influence of this parameter on the results is briefly discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	A1996VA00300042	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.636	Times cited	57	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:16242			Serial	3775
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.; Goedheer, W.J.
	Title	Two-dimensional model of a direct current glow discharge: description of the electrons, argon ions and fast argon atoms			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1996	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	68	Issue	14	Pages	2296-2303
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	A1996UY08700002	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.636	Times cited	70	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:16241			Serial	3776
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	Author	Bottari, F.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles on boron doped diamond electrodes for the enhanced reduction of small organic molecules			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of electroanalytical chemistry : an international journal devoted to all aspects of electrode kynetics, interfacial structure, properties of electrolytes, colloid and biological electrochemistry.	Abbreviated Journal	J Electroanal Chem
	Volume	801	Issue		Pages	521-526
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The performance of gold nanoparticles electrodeposited on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes was investigated in respect to the reduction of chloramphenicol (CAP), an antibiotic of the phenicols family. The chosen deposition protocol, three nucleation-growing pulses, shows a remarkable surface coverage, with an even distribution of average-sized gold particles (~ 50 nm), and it was proven capable of generating a three-fold increase in the CAP reduction current. A calibration plot for CAP detection was obtained in the micromolar range (535 μM) with good correlation coefficient (0.9959) and an improved sensitivity of 0.053 μA μM− 1 mm− 2 compared to the electrochemistry of CAP at a bare BDD electrode.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000411847500065	Publication Date	2017-08-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1572-6657	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.012	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was financially supported by the University of Antwerp (BOF) and the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) (project G037415N). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.012
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:146372			Serial	5600
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	Author	Bugani, S.; Camaiti, M.; Morselli, L.; Van de Casteele, E.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Investigating morphological changes in treated vs. untreated stone building materials by x-ray micro-CT			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Bioanal Chem
	Volume	391	Issue	4	Pages	1343-1350
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Vision lab; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000256088700030	Publication Date	2008-03-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1618-2642	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.431	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.431; 2008 IF: 3.328
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:69319			Serial	5673
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	Author	Bugani, S.; Modugno, F.; Lucejko, J.J.; Giachi, G.; Cagno, S.; Cloetens, P.; Janssens, K.; Morselli, L.
	Title	Study on the impregnation of archaeological waterlogged wood with consolidation treatments using synchrotron radiation microtomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Bioanal Chem
	Volume	395	Issue	7	Pages	1977-1985
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In favourable conditions of low temperature and low oxygen concentration, archaeological waterlogged wooden artefacts, such as shipwrecks, can survive with a good state of preservation. Nevertheless, anaerobic bacteria can considerably degrade waterlogged wooden objects with a significant loss in polysaccharidic components. Due to these decay processes, wood porosity and water content increase under ageing. In such conditions, the conservation treatments of archaeological wooden artefacts often involve the replacement of water with substances which fill the cavities and help to prevent collapse and stress during drying. The treatments are very often expensive and technically difficult, and their effectiveness very much depends on the chemical and physical characteristics of the substances used for impregnation. Also important are the degree of cavity-filling, penetration depth and distribution in the structure of the wood. In this study, the distribution in wood cavities of some mixtures based on polyethylene glycols and colophony, used for the conservation of waterlogged archaeological wood, was investigated using synchrotron radiation X-ray computed microtomography (SR-A mu CT). This non-destructive imaging technique was useful for the study of the degraded waterlogged wood and enabled us to visualise the morphology of the wood and the distribution of the materials used in the wood treatments. The study has shown how deposition is strictly related to the dimension of the wooden cavities. The work is currently proceeding with the comparison of synchrotron observations with the data of the solutions viscosity and with those of the properties imparted to the wood by the treatments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000272017000005	Publication Date	2009-09-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1618-2642	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.431	Times cited	30	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.431; 2009 IF: 3.480
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:94493			Serial	5853
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	Author	Bulska, E.; Wysocka, I.A.; Wierzbicka, M.H.; Proost, K.; Janssens, K.; Falkenberg, G.
	Title	In vivo investigation of the distribution and the local speciation of selenium in Allium cepa L. by means of microscopic X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy and confocal microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	78	Issue	22	Pages	7616-7624
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000242021400003	Publication Date	2006-10-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	56	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2006 IF: 5.646
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:60714			Serial	5659
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	Author	Cagno, S.; Brede, D.A.; Nuyts, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Pacureanu, A.; Tucoulou, R.; Cloetens, P.; Falkenberg, G.; Janssens, K.; Salbu, B.; Lind, O.C.
	Title	Combined computed nanotomography and nanoscopic x-ray fluorescence imaging of cobalt nanoparticles in caenorhabditis elegans			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	89	Issue	21	Pages	11435-11442
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Synchrotron radiation phase-contrast computed nanotomography (nano-CT) and two-and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) nanoscopic X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF) were used to investigate the internal distribution of engineered-cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) in exposed individuals of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Whole-nematodes and selected tissues and organs were 3D-rendered: anatomical 3D renderings with 50 nm voxel size enabled the visualization of spherical nanoparticle aggregates. with size tip to 200 nm within intact C. elegans. A 20 X 37 nm(2) high-brilliance beam was employed to obtain XRF elemental distribution maps of entire nematodes or anatomical details such as embryos, which could be compared with the CT data, These maps showed Co NPs to be predominantly present within the intestine and the epithelium, and they were not colocalized with Zn granules found in the lysosonie-containing vesicles or Fe agglomerates in the intestine. Iterated XRF scanning of a specimen at 0 degrees and 90 degrees angles suggested that NP aggregates were translocated into tissues outside of the intestinal lumen. Virtual-slicing by means of 2D XRF tomography, combined with holotomography, indicated presumable presence of individual NP aggregates inside the uterus and within embryos.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000414887000041	Publication Date	2017-10-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	; This study has been funded by the Norwegian Research Council through its Centre of Excellence (CoE) funding scheme (Project 223268/F50). We gratefully acknowledge ESRF and DESY for granting beamtime and Karl Andreas Jensen for performing ICPMS analysis. We thank Erica Maremonti for supplying the phase-contrast image used in Figure ^1A. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:147383			Serial	5520
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	Author	Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; Mendera, M.
	Title	Compositional analysis of Tuscan glass samples: in search of raw materials fingerprints			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Bioanal Chem
	Volume	391	Issue	4	Pages	1389-1395
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000256088700035	Publication Date	2008-02-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1618-2642	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.431	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.431; 2008 IF: 3.328
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:69320			Serial	5545
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	Author	Daems, E.; Moro, G.; Campos, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Mapping the gaps in chemical analysis for the characterisation of aptamer-target interactions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Trac-Trends In Analytical Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Trac-Trend Anal Chem
	Volume	142	Issue		Pages	116311
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Aptamers are promising biorecognition elements with a wide applicability from therapeutics to bio-sensing. However, to successfully use these biomolecules, a complete characterisation of their bindingperformance in the presence of the target is crucial. Several multi-analytical approaches have been re-ported including techniques to describe kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the aptamer-targetinteraction, and techniques which allow an in-depth understanding of the aptamer-target structures.Recent literature shows the need of a critical data interpretation, a combination of characterisationtechniques and suggests the key role of the characterisation protocol design. Indeed, thefinal applicationof the aptamer should be considered before choosing the characterisation method. All the limitations andcapabilities of the analytical tools in use for aptamer characterisation should be taken into account. Here,we present a critical overview of the current methods and multi-analytical approaches to study aptamer-target binding, aiming to provide researchers with guidelines for the design of characterisation protocols.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000682179000010	Publication Date	2021-04-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0165-9936; 1879-3142	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.442	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 8.442
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179407			Serial	8203
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	Author	De Jong, M.; Florea, A.; de Vries, A.-M.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; Covaci, A.; Van Durme, F.; Martins, J.C.; Samyn, N.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Levamisole : a common adulterant in cocaine street samples hindering electrochemical detection of cocaine			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	90	Issue	8	Pages	5290-5297
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre
	Abstract	The present work investigates the electrochemical determination of cocaine in the presence of levamisole, one of the most common adulterants found in cocaine street samples. Levamisole misleads cocaine color tests, giving a blue color (positive test) even in the absence of cocaine. Moreover, the electrochemical detection of cocaine is also affected by the presence of levamisole, with a suppression of the oxidation signal of cocaine. When levamisole is present in the sample in ratios higher than 1:1, the cocaine signal is no longer detected, thus leading to false negative results. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to investigate if the signal suppression is due to the formation of a complex between cocaine and levamisole in bulk solution. Strategies to eliminate this suppressing effect are further suggested in this manuscript. In a first approach, the increase of the pH of the sample solution from pH 7 to pH 12 allowed the voltammetric determination of cocaine in the presence of levamisole in a concentration range from 10 to 5000 μM at nonmodified graphite disposable electrodes with a detection limit of 5 μM. In a second approach, the graphite electrode was cathodically pretreated, resulting in the presence of oxidation peaks of both cocaine and levamisole, with a detection limit for cocaine of 3 μM over the linear range of concentrations from 10 to 2500 μM. Both these strategies have been successfully applied for the simultaneous detection of cocaine and levamisole in three street samples on unmodified graphite disposable electrodes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000430512200049	Publication Date	2018-02-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 753223 Narcoreader. This work was also supported by BR/314/PI/ APTADRU Project and IOF-SBO (UAntwerp). Alexander van Nuijs acknowledges the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) for his postdoctoral fellowship. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:149528			Serial	5693
Permanent link to this record