Abstract: When the charge Z of an atom exceeds the critical value of 170, it will undergo a process called atomic collapse which triggers the spontaneous creation of electron-positron pairs. The high charge requirements have prevented the observation of this phenomenon with real atomic nuclei. However, thanks to the relativistic nature of the carriers in graphene, the same physics is accessible at a much lower scale. The atomic collapse analogue in graphene is realized using artificial nuclei which can be created via the deposition of impurities on the surface of graphene or using charged vacancies. These supercritically charged artificial nuclei trap electrons in a sequence of quasi-bound states which can be observed experimentally as resonances in the local density of states.

Abstract: We investigate the effects of the finite confining potential V0 on the absorption and emission scattering rates of electrons interacting with LO phonons for a cylindrical GaAs quantum wire. The emission rates are qualitatively similar to those of the 2D case. The absorption rates on the other hand exhibit two different regimes: 1) for a wire radius smaller than a certain value (80 Å in the case where V0 = 190 meV) the behavior is similar to the 2D and 3D analogues, but 2) for larger radius the absorption rates initially increase with increasing energy, reach a maximum value and then decrease monotonicaly. A complete study is made as a function of wire radius, and electron energy.

Abstract: First‐principles calculations, within the framework of density functional theory, are used to investigate the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of monolayer PbTe. The effect of layer thickness, electric field, strain, and vacancy defects on the electronic and magnetic properties is systematically studied. The results show that the bandgap decreases as the layer thickness increases from monolayer to bulk. With application of an electric field on bilayer PbTe, the bandgap decreases from 70 meV (0.2 V Å⁻¹) to 50 meV (1 V Å⁻¹) when including spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Application of uniaxial strain induces a direct‐to‐indirect bandgap transition for strain greater than +6%. In addition, the bandgap decreases under compressive biaxial strain (with SOC). The effect of vacancy defects on the electronic properties of PbTe is also investigated. Such vacancy defects turn PbTe into a ferromagnetic metal (single vacancy Pb) with a magnetic moment of 1.3 μB, and into an indirect semiconductor with bandgap of 1.2 eV (single Te vacancy) and 1.5 eV (double Pb + Te vacancy). In addition, with change of the Te vacancy concentration, a bandgap of 0.38 eV (5.55%), 0.43 eV (8.33%), and 0.46 eV (11.11%) is predicted.

Abstract: The thermal expansion alpha(T) in layered crystals is of fundamental and technological interest. As suggested by I. M. Lifshitz in 1952, in thin solid films (crystalline membranes) a negative contribution to alpha(T) is due to anharmonic couplings between in-plane stretching modes and out-of-plane bending (flexural modes). Genuine in-plane anharmonicities give a positive contribution to alpha(T). The competition between these two effects can lead to a change of sign (crossover) from a negative value of alpha(T) in a temperature (T) range T <= T-alpha to a positive value of alpha(T) for T > T-alpha in layered crystals. Here, we present an analytical lattice dynamical theory of these phenomena for a two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal crystal. We start from a Hamiltonian that comprises anharmonic terms of third and fourth order in the lattice displacements. The in-plane and out-of-plane contributions to the thermal expansion are studied as functions of T for crystals of different sizes. Besides, renormalization of the flexural mode frequencies plays a crucial role in determining the crossover temperature T-alpha. Numerical examples are given for graphene where the anharmonic couplings are determined from experiments. The theory is applicable to other layer crystals wherever the anharmonic couplings are known. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Abstract: In this paper, we report on the electronic transport properties of mesoscopic, ultrathin graphite flakes with a thickness corresponding to a stack of 150 graphene layers. The graphite flakes show an unexpectedly strong positive magnetoresistance (PMR) already at room temperature, which scales in good approximation with the square of the magnetic field. Furthermore, we show that the resistivity is unaffected by magnetic fields oriented in plane with the graphene layers. Hall effect measurements indicate that the charge carriers are p-type and their concentration increases with increasing temperature while the mobility is decreasing. The Hall voltage is non-linear in higher magnetic fields. Possible origins of the observed effects are discussed. Ball and stick model of the two topmost carbon layers of the hexagonal graphite structure.

Abstract: 2D polyaniline, C3N, is of recent high interest due to its unusual properties and potential use in various technological applications. In this work, through systematic first-principles calculations, the atomic, electronic, and magnetic structure of C3N and the changes induced due to functionalization by the adsorption of hydrogen, oxygen, and fluorine, for different coverages and sites, as well as on formation of nanoribbons including the effect of adsorbed hydrogen and oxygen, and the effect of strain, are investigated. Among other interesting phenomena, for hydrogen adsorption, a semiconductor-to-topological insulator transition, where two Dirac-points appear around the Fermi level, as well as ferromagnetic ordering for both hydrogen and oxygen functionalization, is identified. Considering C3N nanoribbons, adsorption of H leads to significant changes in the electronic properties, such as transforming the structures from semiconductor to metallic. Furthermore, investigating the effect of strain on the physical properties, it is found that the band gap can be significantly altered and controlled. The present findings predict that a wide variation in the magnetic and electronic structure of C3N can be achieved by adatom functionalization and conformation indicating its high potential for use in various technological applications, ranging from catalysis, energy storage, and nanoelectronic devices.

Abstract: A variational calculation of the ground state of a neutral exciton and of positively and negatively charged excitons (trions) in a single quantum well is presented. We study the dependence of the correlation energy and of the binding energy on the well width and on the hole mass. Our results are compared with previous theoretical results and with available experimental data.

Abstract: Cyclotron resonance in CdTe/CdMgTe quantum wells (QWs) was studied. Due to the polaron effect the zero-field effective mass is strongly influenced by the QW width. The experimental data have been described theoretically by taking into account electron-phonon coupling and the nonparabolicity of the conduction band. The subband structure was calculated self-consistently. The best fit was obtained for an electron-phonon coupling constant alpha = 0.3 and bare electron mass of m(b) = 0.092m(0).