“New anion-conducting solid solutions Bi1-xTex(O,F)2+\delta (x >, 0.5) and glassceramic material on their base”. Prituzhalov VA, Ardashnikova EI, Vinogradov AA, Dolgikh VA, Videau J-J, Fargin E, Abakumov AM, Tarakina NV, Van Tendeloo G, Journal of fluorine chemistry 132, 1110 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.06.042
Abstract: The anion-excess fluorite-like solid solutions with general composition Bi1−xTex(O,F)2+δ (x > 0.5) have been synthesized by a solid state reaction of TeO2, BiF3 and Bi2O3 at 873 K with following quenching. The homogeneity areas and polymorphism of the I ↔ IV Bi1−xTex(O,F)2+δ phases were investigated. The crystal structure of the low temperature IV-Bi1−xTex(O,F)2+δ phase has been solved using electron diffraction and X-ray powder diffraction (a = 11.53051(9) Å, S.G. Ia-3, RI = 0.046, RP = 0.041). Glass formation area in the Bi2O3BiF3TeO2 (10% TiO2) system was investigated. IVBi1−xTex(O,F)2+δ phase starts to crystallize at short-time (0.53 h) annealing of oxyfluoride glasses at temperatures above Tg (600615 K). The ionic conductivity of the crystalline Bi1−xTex(O,F)2+δ phase and corresponding glass-ceramics was investigated. Activation energy of conductivity Ea = 0.41(2) eV for the IV-Bi1−xTex(O,F)2+δ crystalline samples and Ea = 0.73 eV for the glass-ceramic samples were obtained. Investigation of the oxyfluoride samples with a constant cation ratio demonstrates essential influence of excess fluorine anions on the ionic conductivity.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.101
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.06.042
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“Elusive s-f intrasite interactions and double exchange in solids: ferromagnetic versus nonmagnetic ground state”. Nikolaev AV, Michel KH, Journal of experimental and theoretical physics 109, 286 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1134/S1063776109080147
Abstract: From the theory of many-electron states in atoms, we know that there exists a strong Coulomb repulsion, which results in the electronic term structure of atoms and is responsible for Hunds rules. By expanding the Coulomb on-site repulsion into a multipolar series, we derive this interaction and show that it is also present in solids as a correlation effect, which means that the interaction requires a multideterminant version of the Hartree-Fock method. Of particular interest is the case where this interaction couples states of localized ( f) and delocalized ( s) electrons. We show that the interaction is bilinear in the creation/annihilation operators for localized electrons and bilinear in the operators for conduction electrons. To study the coupling, we consider a simple model in the framework of an effective limited configuration interaction method with one localized f-electron and one itinerant s-electron per crystal site. The on-site multipole interaction between the f- and s-electrons is explicitly taken into account. It is shown that depending on the low-lying excitation spectrum imposed by the crystal electric field, the model can lead not only to ferromagnetism but also to a nonmagnetic state. The model is relevant for solids with localized and itinerant electron states.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.196
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1134/S1063776109080147
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“3Y-TZP ceramics with improved hydrothermal degradation resistance and fracture toughness”. Zhang F, Vanmeensel K, Inokoshi M, Batuk M, Hadermann J, Van Meerbeek B, Naert I, Vleugels J, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 34, 2453 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.02.026
Abstract: Different factors such as the way of incorporating the Y2O3 stabilizer, alumina addition and sintering temperature were assessed with the goal to improve the low temperature degradation (LTD) resistance of 3Y-TZP without compromising on the mechanical properties. The degradation of hydrothermally treated specimens was studied by X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Decreasing the sintering temperature decreased the LTD susceptibility of 3Y-TZPs but did not allow to obtain a LTD resistant 3Y-TZP with optimized mechanical properties. Alumina addition along with the use of Y2O3 stabilizer coated starting powder allowed to combine both an excellent toughness and LTD resistance, as compared to alumina-free and stabilizer co-precipitated powder based equivalents. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the improved LTD resistance could be attributed to the segregation of Al3+ at the grain boundary and the heterogeneously distributed Y3+ stabilizer.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.411
Times cited: 48
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.02.026
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“Critical influence of alumina content on the low temperature degradation of 2-3 mol% yttria-stabilized TZP for dental restorations”. Zhang F, Vanmeensel K, Inokoshi M, Batuk M, Hadermann J, Van Meerbeek B, Naert I, Vleugels J, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 35, 741 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.09.018
Abstract: The influence of 0.25, 2 and 5 wt.% alumina addition on the mechanical properties and low temperature degradation (LTD) of 3, 2.5 and 2 mol% yttria-stabilized TZP ceramics was investigated. The amount of alumina addition was observed to have a crucial impact on the degradation of Y-TZP ceramics. Independent on the yttria stabilizer content, 0.25 wt.% alumina had a higher degradation retarding effect to Y-TZP ceramics than 2 and 5 wt.% of alumina addition, which had a comparable effect. The apparent activation energy for the degradation process was increased by adding alumina, but it was the same for 0.255 wt.% alumina doped 3Y-TZP ceramics. For Y-TZPs containing a small amount of alumina addition, only the segregated Al3+ at the grain boundaries of the zirconia grains was effective to retard the degradation of Y-TZPs. The secondary phase Al2O3 grains increased the degradation kinetics, which might be attributed to the residual stresses.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.411
Times cited: 37
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.09.018
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“HREM of ceramic high Tc superconductors”. Van Tendeloo G, Krekels T, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 16, 367 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2219(95)00193-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.947
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/0955-2219(95)00193-X
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“Phase assembly and microstructure of CeO2-doped ZrO2 ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering”. Xu T, Wang P, Fang P, Kan Y, Chen L, Vleugels J, Van der Biest O, van Landuyt J, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 25, 3437 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.09.004
Abstract: CeO2-doped ZrO2, (8 mol%) starting powder was sintered by means of spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1300 degrees C without holding time. The stability of the tetragonal ZrO2 phase in the Ce-ZrO2 ceramic sintered under strongly reducing conditions was investigated. The SPS sample consisted of monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 phase, with a volume ratio of two to one, as well as a trace amount of a Zr-Ce-O cubic solid solution phase. In contrast, the same powder sintered by hot-pressing in nitrogen at 1300 and 1500 degrees C for 1h showed no tetragonal ZrO2. Microstructural observation of the SPS ceramic by SEM and TEM revealed grains with and without twins. The reason for the appearance of the tetragonal phase in the SPS sample sintered under strongly reducing conditions is discussed. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.411
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.09.004
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“Characterization of uranium and plutonium containing particles originating from the nuclear weapons accident in Thule, Greenland, 1968”. Lind OC, Salbu B, Janssens K, Proost K, Dahlgaard H, Journal of environmental radioactivity 81, 21 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2004.10.013
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.31
Times cited: 37
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2004.10.013
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“Micro-analytical characterisation of radioactive heterogeneities in samples from Central Asian TENORM sites”. Lind OC, de Nolf W, Janssens K, Salbu B, Journal of environmental radioactivity 123, 63 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2012.02.012
Abstract: The present work focuses on the use of micro-analytical techniques to demonstrate the heterogeneous distribution of radionuclides and metals in soils collected at Former Soviet Union mining sites in Central Asia. Based on digital autoradiography, radionuclides were heterogeneously distributed in soil samples collected at the abandoned uranium mining sites Kurday, Kazakhstan, Kadji Sai, Kyrgyzstan and Taboshar, Tajikistan. Using electron microscopy interfaced with X-ray microanalysis submicron – mm-sized radioactive particles and rock fragments with U, As, Se and toxic metals on the surfaces were identified in Kurday and Kadji Sai samples. Employing scanning and tomographic (3D) synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray fluorescence (mu-SRXRF) and synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray diffraction (mu-SRXRD) allowed us to observe the inner structure of the particles without physical sectioning. The distribution of elements in virtual crosssections demonstrated that U and a series of toxic elements were rather heterogeneously distributed also within individual radioactive TENORM particles. Compared to archived data, U in Kadji Sai particles was present as uraninite (U4O9+y or UO2+x) or Na-zippeite aNa(4)(UO2)(6)[(OH)(10)(SO4)(3)]center dot 4H(2)O), i.e. U minerals with very low solubility. The results suggested that TENORM particles can carry substantial amount of radioactivity, which can be subject to re-suspension, atmospheric transport and water transport. Thus, the potential radioecological and radioanalytical impact of radioactive particles at NORM and TENORM sites worldwide should be taken into account. The present work also demonstrates that radioecological studies should benefit from the use of advanced methods such as synchrotron radiation based techniques. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.31
Times cited: 16
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2012.02.012
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“Oxidation states of uranium in depleted uranium particles from Kuwait”. Salbu B, Janssens K, Lind OC, Proost K, Gijsels L, Danesi PR, Journal of environmental radioactivity 78, 125 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVAD.2004.04.001
Abstract: The oxidation states of uranium in depleted uranium (DU) particles were determined by synchrotron radiation based mu-XANES, applied to individual particles isolated from selected samples collected at different sites in Kuwait. Based on scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis prior to mu-XANES, DU particles ranging from sub-microns to several hundred micrometers were observed. The.median particle size depended on sources and sampling sites; small-sized particles (median 13 mum) were identified in swipes taken from the inside of DU penetrators holes in tanks and in sandy soil collected below DU penetrators, while larger particles (median 44 mum) were associated with fire in a DU ammunition storage facility. Furthermore, the U-236/U-235 ratios obtained from accelerator mass spectrometry demonstrated that uranium in the DU particles originated from reprocessed fuel (about 10(-2) in DU from the ammunition facility, about 10(-3) for DU in swipes). Compared to well-defined standards, all investigated DU particles were oxidized. Uranium particles collected from swipes were characterized as UO2, U3O8 or a mixture of these oxidized forms, similar to that observed in DU affected areas in Kosovo. Uranium particles formed during fire in the DU ammunition facility were, however, present as oxidation state +5 and +6, with XANES spectra similar to solid uranyl standards. Environmental or health impact assessments for areas affected by DU munitions should therefore take into account the presence of respiratory UO2, U3O8 and even UO3 particles, their corresponding weathering rates and the subsequent mobilisation of U from oxidized DU particles. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.31
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVAD.2004.04.001
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“Oxidation states of uranium in DU particles from Kosovo”. Salbu B, Janssens K, Lind OC, Proost K, Danesi PR, Journal of environmental radioactivity 64, 167 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00047-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.31
DOI: 10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00047-4
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“Solid state speciation and potential bioavailability of depleted uranium particles from Kosovo and Kuwait”. Lind OC, Salbu B, Skipperud L, Janssens K, Jaroszewicz J, de Nolf W, Journal of environmental radioactivity 100, 301 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2008.12.018
Abstract: A combination of synchrotron radiation based X-ray microscopic techniques (ì-XRF, ì-XANES, ì-XRD) applied on single depleted uranium (DU) particles and semi-bulk leaching experiments has been employed to link the potential bioavailability of DU particles to site-specific particle characteristics. The oxidation states and crystallographic forms of U in DU particles have been determined for individual particles isolated from selected samples collected at different sites in Kosovo and Kuwait that were contaminated by DU ammunition during the 1999 Balkan conflict and the 1991 Gulf war. Furthermore, small soil or sand samples heavily contaminated with DU particles were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal fluid (0.16 M HCl) extractions. Characteristics of DU particles in Kosovo soils collected in 2000 and in Kuwait soils collected in 2002 varied significantly depending on the release scenario and to some extent on weathering conditions. Oxidized U (+6) was determined in large, fragile and bright yellow DU particles released during fire at a DU ammunition storage facility and crystalline phases such as schoepite (UO3·2.25H2O), dehydrated schoepite (UO3·0.75H2O) and metaschoepite (UO3·2.0H2O) were identified. As expected, these DU particles were rapidly dissolved in 0.16 M HCl (84 ± 3% extracted after 2 h) indicating a high degree of potential mobility and bioavailability. In contrast, the 2 h extraction of samples contaminated with DU particles originating either from corrosion of unspent DU penetrators or from impacted DU ammunition appeared to be much slower (2030%) as uranium was less oxidized (+4 to +6). Crystalline phases such as UO2, UC and metallic U or UTi alloy were determined in impacted DU particles from Kosovo and Kuwait, while the UO2,34 phase, only determined in particles from Kosovo, could reflect a more corrosive environment. Although the results are based on a limited number of DU particles, they indicate that the structure and extractability of DU particles released from similar sources (metallic U penetrators) will depend on the release scenarios (fire, impact) and to some extent environmental conditions. However, most of the DU particles (7396%) in all investigated samples were dissolved in 0.16 M HCl after one week indicating that a majority of the DU material is bioaccessible.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.31
Times cited: 49
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2008.12.018
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“Micro-analytical characterization of thorium-rich aggregates from Norwegian NORM sites (Fen Complex, Telemark)”. Cagno S, Lind OC, Popic JM, Skipperud L, De Nolf W, Nuyts G, Vanmeert F, Jaroszewicz J, Janssens K, Salbu B, Journal Of Environmental Radioactivity 219, 106273 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2020.106273
Abstract: In this study we performed microscopic characterization of mineral particles that were collected in the thorium-rich Fen Complex in Norway and identified and isolated based on autoradiography in function of their radioactivity. For this we combined information obtained with X-ray absorption mu-CT, mu-XRF and mu-XRD, both in bi- and in three-dimensional (tomographic) mode. We demonstrate that radionuclides and metals are heterogeneously distributed both within soil samples and within individual Th-enriched aggregates, which are characterised as low-density mineral bulk particles with high density material inclusions, where Th as well as several metals are highly concentrated. For these sites, it is important to take into account how these inhomogeneous distributions could affect the overall environmental behaviour of Th and progeny upon weathering due to human or environmental factors. Moreover, the estimated size of the Th-containing inclusions as determined in this work represents information of importance for the characterization of radionuclides and toxic metals exposure, as well as for assessing the viability of mining for Th and rare-earth metals in the Fen Complex and the associated environmental impact.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.3
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2020.106273
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“Understanding communicational behavior among rangelands' stakeholders : application of social network analysis”. Hosseininia G, Rafiaani Khachak P, Nooripoor M, Van Passel S, Azadi H, Journal Of Environmental Planning And Management 59, 320 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2015.1009975
Abstract: Understanding communicational behavior of rangelands stakeholders is fundamental for effective development of rangeland management plans. This study aimed to understand differences between stakeholders relations among various actors involved in rangeland management using social network analysis (SNA). A survey was conducted on 334 stakeholders (89 extension agents, 110 researchers and 135 executive agents) in the Tehran province, Iran. Results showed that all the three groups of stakeholders are interested in making contact mainly within their own group. Furthermore, while the executive agents have shared the strongest technical and friendship relations with the two other groups, the extension agents established the strongest administrative interactions. The researchers, however, made a poor link especially with the extension agents. The study concluded that SNA could be an efficient tool to assess communicational behavior in rangeland management.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
Impact Factor: 1.56
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2015.1009975
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“Economic indices of by-products utilization and forage production in semi-arid rangelands”. Motamedi J, Azadi H, Alijanpour A, Shafiei AB, Sheidai-Karkaj E, Mofidi-Chelan M, Moghaddam SM, Van Passel S, Witlox F, Journal of environmental planning and management , 1 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2022.2071687
Abstract: One of the most basic criteria in documenting rangeland use prospects is the recognition of byproducts and their economic appraisal. The current study was conducted to assess the economic indices of exploiting byproduct production in Shahindej, Northwest Iran. For this purpose, 24 by-product-generating species were selected in 114 locations that belong to 49 rangeland units. The total expected value of 24 by-product generating species yield and forage production was calculated at 44.22 USD ha(-1). The results of this study showed that the sustainability of natural resources depends on the effective participation and empowerment of local communities. Furthermore, by-product exploitation contributes significantly to the local economy and employment while also reducing grazing intensity. Overall, the findings of this study show that by-product earnings should be considered in range management schemes and comprehensive natural-area management.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sociology; Law; Engineering Management (ENM)
Impact Factor: 1.56
DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2022.2071687
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“The lock-in effect and the greening of automotive cooling systems in the European Union”. Bjornavold A, Van Passel S, Journal Of Environmental Management 203, 1199 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2017.06.010
Abstract: As of 2017, the sale and use of the refrigerants most commonly used in automotive cooling systems – hydrofluorocarbons – are entirely banned in all new vehicles placed on the market in the European Union. These refrigerants have been recognised as potent greenhouse gases and, therefore, direct contributors to climate change. It is within this regulation-driven market that the technologies for a sustainable solution have been developed. However, this paper argues that the market for automotive cooling systems has been 'locked-in', which means that competing technologies, operating under dynamic increasing returns, will allow for one – potentially inferior technology – to dominate the market. Whilst such a situation is not uncommon, this paper discusses the way that regulation has reinforced a patented monopoly in 'picking winners': to the advantage of a synthetic chemical, R-1234yf, as opposed to the natural solution, which is CO2. By developing a generic conceptual framework of path dependence and lock-in, the presented evidence seeks to show how a snowballing effect has led to the intensification of differences in market share. We also argue that the automotive industry is potentially promoting short-term fixes, rather than long-term, sustainable and economically viable solutions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM)
Impact Factor: 4.01
Times cited: 5
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2017.06.010
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“Sustainable value assessment of farms using frontier efficiency benchmarks”. Van Passel S, Van Huylenbroeck G, Lauwers L, Mathijs E, Journal Of Environmental Management 90, 3057 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2009.04.009
Abstract: Appropriate assessment of firm sustainability facilitates actor-driven processes towards sustainable development. The methodology in this paper builds further on two proven methodologies for the assessment of sustainability performance: it combines the sustainable value approach with frontier efficiency benchmarks. The sustainable value methodology tries to relate firm performance to the use of different resources. This approach assesses contributions to corporate sustainability by comparing firm resource productivity with the resource productivity of a benchmark, and this for all resources considered. The efficiency is calculated by estimating the production frontier indicating the maximum feasible production possibilities. In this research, the sustainable value approach is combined with efficiency analysis methods to benchmark sustainability assessment. In this way, the production theoretical underpinnings of efficiency analysis enrich the sustainable value approach. The methodology is presented using two different functional forms: the CobbDouglas and the translog functional forms. The simplicity of the CobbDouglas functional form as benchmark is very attractive but it lacks flexibility. The translog functional form is more flexible but has the disadvantage that it requires a lot of data to avoid estimation problems. Using frontier methods for deriving firm specific benchmarks has the advantage that the particular situation of each company is taken into account when assessing sustainability. Finally, we showed that the methodology can be used as an integrative sustainability assessment tool for policy measures.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Economics
Impact Factor: 4.01
Times cited: 41
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2009.04.009
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“Bioremediation : how to deal with removal efficiency uncertainty? An economic application”. Compernolle T, Van Passel S, Lebbe L, Journal Of Environmental Management 127, 77 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2013.04.016
Abstract: Bioremediation is a remediation strategy, which has considerable strength but also certain limitations. Complex and uncertain relationships among biomass, contaminants, and nutrients lead to an uncertain level of removal efficiency. The uncertainty inherent to a bioremediation strategy should be addressed in the remediation selection process. In order to evaluate the bioremediation strategy economically, this study takes into account the reversibility of a decision. A decision tree structures the different remediation strategies, thus giving the possible courses of action open to the decision maker. The option value indicates the importance of having the possibility to reverse a previously made decision. Compared with conventional economic evaluation tools, more information to ground the selection made is revealed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Economics
Impact Factor: 4.01
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2013.04.016
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“Urban green infrastructure: A review on valuation toolkits from an urban planning perspective”. Van Oijstaeijen W, Van Passel S, Cools J, Journal Of Environmental Management 267, 110603 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110603
Abstract: As a response to increasing urbanization and changing weather and climatic patterns, urban green infrastructure (UGI) emerged as a concept to increase resilience within the urban boundaries. Given that implementing these (semi-) natural solutions in practice requires a clear overview of the costs and benefits, valuation becomes ever important. A range of decision-support tools for green infrastructure and ecosystem services exist, developed for various purposes. This paper reviews the potential of 10 shortlisted and existing valuation tools to support investment decisions of urban green infrastructure. In the assessment, the functionality is regarded specifically from the urban planning and decision-making viewpoint. The toolkits were evaluated on 12 different criteria. After analyzing the toolkits on these criteria, the findings are evaluated on the (mis)match with specific requirements in the urban planning and management context. Secondly, recommendations and guidelines are formulated to support the design of simple valuation tools, tailored to support the development of green infrastructure in urban areas. Approaching the valuation toolkits biophysically and (socio-)economically provides an integral overview of the challenges and opportunities of the capacities of each framework. It was found that most tools are not designed for the peculiarities of the urban context. Several elements contribute to the hampering uptake of GI valuation tools. Firstly, the limited effort in the economic case for green infrastructure remains a burden to use toolkits to compare grey and green alternatives. Secondly, tools are currently seldom designed for the peculiarities of cities: urban ecosystem (dis)services, multi-scalability, life-span assessments of co-benefits and the importance of social benefits. Thirdly, toolkits should be the result of co-development between the scientific community and local authorities in order to create toolkits that are tailor made to the specific needs in the urban planning process. It can be concluded that current tools, are not readily applicable to support decision making as such. However, if applied cautiously, they can have an indicative role to pinpoint further targeted and in-depth analyses.
Keywords: A1 Journal Article; Engineering Management (ENM) ;
Impact Factor: 8.7
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110603
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“Optimal timing of multiple investment decisions in a wood value chain : a real options approach”. Tschulkow M, Compernolle T, Van Passel S, Journal Of Environmental Management 290, 112590 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.112590
Abstract: A new reductive catalytic fractionation biorefinery process (RCF) is currently being developed transforming wood into high-value end-products. RCF is considered to be in the pilot stage with a technology readiness level of 5–6. Apart from the RCF-process characteristics, the economic feasibility also depends on the investment decisions that are made upstream and downstream within the wood value chain, increasing the level of uncertainty. Two investment options within the value chain are considered: an option to invest in harvesting equipment and an option to invest in the RCF. To understand the impact of multiple sources of uncertainty on the decision to invest in an innovative RCF-driven wood value chain, an analytical two-factor real options model is presented, accounting for correlated cost and price uncertainties. Two different scenarios, separated and united investments in harvesting equipment and RCF, are analyzed. In both scenarios, market uncertainty postpones investment in comparison to the traditional NPV approach. When both investments are considered separately, the investment in RCF is expected to be earlier than the investment in harvesting equipment. When both investment decisions are united, the probability of investment increases. The study reveals that RCF has the potential to stimulate investments from different investors, –upstream and midstream–, within the wood value chain. Besides, the introduced real options model proofs its ability to assess the economic feasibility of innovative technologies (e.g RCF) individually or within the value chain, taking into account multiple sources of uncertainty.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
Impact Factor: 4.01
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.112590
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“An integrated assessment of environmental, economic, social and technological parameters of source separated and conventional sanitation concepts : a contribution to sustainability analysis”. Firmansyah I, Carsjens GJ, de Ruijter FJ, Zeeman G, Spiller M, Journal Of Environmental Management 295, 113131 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.113131
Abstract: Resource recovery and reuse from domestic wastewater has become an important subject for the current development of sanitation technologies and infrastructures. Different technologies are available and combined into sanitation concepts, with different performances. This study provides a methodological approach to evaluate the sustainability of these sanitation concepts with focus on resource recovery and reuse. St. Eustatius, a small tropical island in the Caribbean, was used as a case study for the evaluation. Three source separation-communityon-site and two combined sewerage island-scale concepts were selected and compared in terms of environmental (net energy use, nutrient recovery/reuse, BOD/COD, pathogens, and GHG emission, land use), economic (CAPEX and OPEX), social cultural (acceptance, required competences and education), and technological (flexibility/ adaptability, reliability/continuity of service) indicators. The best performing concept, is the application of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) and Trickling Filter (TF) at island level for combined domestic wastewater treatment with subsequent reuse in agriculture. Its overall average normalised score across the four categories (i. e., average of average per category) is about 15% (0.85) higher than the values of the remaining systems and with a score of 0.73 (conventional activated sludge – centralised level), 0.77 (UASB-septic tank (ST)), 0.76 (UASB-TF – community level), and 0.75 (ST – household level). The higher score of the UASB-TF at community level is mainly due to much better performance in the environmental and economic categories. In conclusion, the case study provides a methodological approach that can support urban planning and decision-making in selecting more sustainable sanitation concepts, allowing resource recovery and reuse in small island context or in other contexts.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 4.01
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.113131
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“Towards harmonization of water quality management : a comparison of chemical drinking water and surface water quality standards around the globe”. Van Winckel T, Cools J, Vlaeminck SE, Joos P, Van Meenen E, Borregán-Ochando E, Van Den Steen K, Geerts R, Vandermoere F, Blust R, Journal Of Environmental Management 298, 113447 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.113447
Abstract: Water quality standards (WQS) set the legal definition for safe and desirable water. WQS impose regulatory concentration limits to act as a jurisdiction-specific legislative risk-management tool. Despite its importance in shaping a universal definition of safe, clean water, little information exists with respect to (dis)similarity of chemical WQS worldwide. Therefore, this paper compares chemical WQS for drinking and surface water matrices in eight jurisdictions representing a global geographic distribution: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, the region of Flanders in Belgium, the United States of America, and South Africa. The World Health Organization's list is used as a reference for drinking water standards. Sørensen–Dice indices (SDI) showed little qualitative similarity in the compounds that are regulated in drinking water (median SDI = 40%) and surface water (median SDI = 33%), indicating that the heterogeneity within a matrix is substantial at the level of the standard. Quantitative similarity for matching standards was higher than the qualitative per Kendall correlation (median = 0.73 and 0.58 for drinking water and surface water respectively), yet variance observed within standards remained inexplicably high for organic compounds. Variations in WQS were more pronounced for organic compounds. Most differences cannot be easily explained from a toxicological or risk-based point-of-view. Historical development, ease of measurement, and (toxicological) knowledge gaps on the risk of a vast number of organic compounds are theorized to be the drivers. Therefore, this study argues for a more tailored, risk-based approach in which standards incorporated into water safety plans are dynamically set for compounds that are persistent and could pose a risk for human health and/or aquatic ecosystems. Global variations in WQS should therefore not necessarily be avoided but rather globally harmonized with enough flexibility to ensure a global, up-to-date definition of safe and desirable water everywhere.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Centre for Research on Environmental and Social Change
Impact Factor: 4.01
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.113447
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“Flat GaN epitaxial layers grown on Si(111) by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using step-graded AlGaN intermediate layers”. Cheng K, Leys M, Degroote S, van Daele B, Boeykens S, Derluyn J, Germain M, Van Tendeloo G, Engelen J, Borghs G, Journal of electronic materials 35, 592 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-006-0105-1
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.579
Times cited: 102
DOI: 10.1007/s11664-006-0105-1
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“Characterization of oxide precipitates in heavily B-doped silicon by infrared spectroscopy”. de Gryse O, Clauws P, Vanhellemont J, Lebedev OI, van Landuyt J, Simoen E, Claeys C, Journal of the electrochemical society 151, G598 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1149/1.1776592
Abstract: Infrared absorption spectra of oxygen precipitates in boron-doped silicon with a boron concentration between 10(17) and 10(19) cm(-3) are analyzed, applying the spectral function representation of composite materials. The aspect ratio of the platelet precipitates is determined by transmission electron microscopy measurements. The analysis shows that in samples with moderate doping levels (<10(18) B cm(-3)) SiOγ precipitates are formed with the same composition as in the lightly doped case. In the heavily boron-doped (>10(18) cm(-3)) samples, however, the measured spectra of the precipitates are consistent with a mixture of SiO2 and B2O3, with a volume fraction of B2O3 as high as 0.41 in the most heavily doped case. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.259
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1149/1.1776592
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“Evaluation of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry for metal contamination monitoring on wafer surfaces”. de Witte H, de Gendt S, Douglas M, Conard T, Kenis K, Mertens PW, Vandervorst W, Gijbels R, Journal of the electrochemical society 147, 13 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393457
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.259
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1149/1.1393457
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“Fe and Co nanowires and nanotubes synthesized by template electrodeposition: a HRTEM and EELS study”. Verbeeck J, Lebedev OI, Van Tendeloo G, Cagnon L, Bougerol C, Tourillon T, Journal of the electrochemical society 150, E468 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1149/1.1601230
Abstract: Co and Fe nanowires and/or nanotubes are electrochemically synthesized through nanoporous membranes. By combining high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and energy filtered TEM techniques, their structural and crystallographic characteristics are precisely determined. The synthesis was shown to produce cigar-shaped single monocrystalline Co and Fe nanowires with a diameter of about 60 nm. All wires were surrounded by an epitaxial oxide layer (Co3O4 or Fe3O4) of roughly 10 nm. The Fe nanotubes were built up of Fe3O4 nanocrystals. Electron diffraction showed that all nanocrystals had a common crystallographic axis, creating a pseudomonocrystalline wall in the nanotubes. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.259
Times cited: 41
DOI: 10.1149/1.1601230
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“Investigation by convergent beam electron diffraction of the stress around shallow trench isolation structures”. Stuer C, van Landuyt J, Bender H, de Wolf I, Rooyackers R, Badenes G, Journal of the electrochemical society 148, G597 (2001). http://doi.org/10.1149/1.1404970
Abstract: Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) is used in this study to investigate the stress distribution around shallow trench isolation (STI) structures. Attention is given to the influence of the different processing parameters and the width and spacing of the structures. The use of a wet or a dry pregate oxidation is found to have a strong influence on the stress behavior. Isolated lines show more stress, leading to the formation of defects in the silicon substrate if a wet pregate oxidation is used. The CBED analyses are compared with micro-Raman and bright-field transmission electron microscopy measurements. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.259
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1149/1.1404970
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“Microstructural aspects of the degradation behavior of SnO2-based anodes for aluminum electrolysis”. Vassiliev SY, Laurinavichute VK, Abakumov AM, Govorov VA, Bendovskii EB, Turner S, Filatov AY, Tarasovskii VP, Borzenko AG, Alekseeva AM, Antipov EV, Journal of the electrochemical society 157, C178 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1149/1.3327903
Abstract: The performance of SnO2 ceramic anodes doped with copper and antimony oxides was examined in cryolite alumina melts under anodic polarization at different cryolite ratios, temperatures, times, and current densities. The corroded part consists of a narrow strong corrosion zone at the anode surface with damage of the intergrain contacts and a large increase in porosity, a wider moderate corrosion zone with a smaller porosity increase, and a Cu depletion zone, where the ceramic retains its initial microstructure and a slight porosity increase occurs due to the removal of the Cu-rich inclusions. Mechanical destruction of the anode was never observed in the 10100 h tests. A microstructural model of the ceramic was suggested, consisting of grains with an Sb-doped SnO2 grain core surrounded by an ~200 to 500 nm grain shell where SnO2 was simultaneously doped with Sb and Mn+ (M=Cu2+,Fe3+,Al3+). The grains were separated by a few nanometers thick Cu-enriched grain boundaries. Different secondary charge carrier (holes) concentrations and electric conductivities in the grain core and grain shell result in a higher current density at the intergrain regions that leads to their profound degradation, especially in the low temperature acidic melt.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.259
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1149/1.3327903
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“Reversible Li-intercalation through oxygen reactivity in Li-rich Li-Fe-Te oxide materials”. McCalla E, Prakash AS, Berg E, Saubanere M, Abakumov AM, Foix D, Klobes B, Sougrati MT, Rousse G, Lepoivre F, Mariyappan S, Doublet ML, Gonbeau D, Novak P, Van Tendeloo G, Hermann RP, Tarascon JM;, Journal of the electrochemical society 162, A1341 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1149/2.0991507jes
Abstract: Lithium-rich oxides are a promising class of positive electrode materials for next generation lithium-ion batteries, and oxygen plays a prominent role during electrochemical cycling either by forming peroxo-like species and/or by irreversibly forming oxygen gas during first charge. Here, we present Li-Fe-Te-O materials which show a tremendous amount of oxygen gas release. This oxygen release accounts for nearly all the capacity during the first charge and results in vacancies as seen by transmission electron microscopy. There is no oxidation of either metal during charge but significant changes in their environments. These changes are particularly extreme for tellurium. XRD and neutron powder diffraction both show limited Changes during cycling and no appreciable change in lattice parameters. A density functional theory study of this material is performed and demonstrates that the holes created on some of the oxygen atoms upon oxidation are partially stabilized through the formation of shorter O-O bonds, i.e. (O-2)(n-) species which on further delithiation show a spontaneous O-2 de-coordination from the cationic network and migration to the now empty lithium layer. The rate limiting step during charge is undoubtedly the diffusion of oxygen either out along the lithium layer or via columns of oxygen atoms. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.259
Times cited: 23
DOI: 10.1149/2.0991507jes
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“A graphene/gelatin composite material for the entrapment of hemoglobin for bioelectrochemical sensing applications”. Thirumalraj alamurugan, Palanisamy S, Chen S-M, De Wael K, Journal of the electrochemical society 163, 265 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1149/2.0341607JES
Abstract: In the present work, a novel graphene (GN) and gelatin (GTN) composite was prepared and used as an immobilization matrix for hemoglobin (Hb). Compared with Hb immobilized on a bare, GN or GTN modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE), a stable and pair of well-defined quasi redox couple was observed at an Hb modified GN/GTN composite GCE at a formal potential of −0.306 V versus Ag|AgCl. The direct electrochemical behavior of Hb was greatly enhanced by the presence of both GTN and GN. A heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (Ks) was calculated as 3.82 s−1 for Hb immobilized at GN/GTN modified GCE, which indicates the fast direct electron transfer of Hb toward the electrode surface. The biosensor shows a stable and wide linear response for H2O2 in the linear response range from 0.1 μM to 786.6 μM with an analytical sensitivity and limit of detection of 0.48 μAμM−1 cm−2 and 0.04 μM, respectively. The fabricated biosensor holds its high selectivity in the presence of potentially active interfering species and metal ions. The biosensor shows its satisfactory practical ability in the commercial contact lens solution and human serum samples.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.259
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1149/2.0341607JES
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“Electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles on boron doped diamond electrodes for the enhanced reduction of small organic molecules”. Bottari F, De Wael K, Journal of electroanalytical chemistry : an international journal devoted to all aspects of electrode kynetics, interfacial structure, properties of electrolytes, colloid and biological electrochemistry. 801, 521 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JELECHEM.2017.07.053
Abstract: The performance of gold nanoparticles electrodeposited on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes was investigated in respect to the reduction of chloramphenicol (CAP), an antibiotic of the phenicols family. The chosen deposition protocol, three nucleation-growing pulses, shows a remarkable surface coverage, with an even distribution of average-sized gold particles (~ 50 nm), and it was proven capable of generating a three-fold increase in the CAP reduction current. A calibration plot for CAP detection was obtained in the micromolar range (535 μM) with good correlation coefficient (0.9959) and an improved sensitivity of 0.053 μA μM− 1 mm− 2 compared to the electrochemistry of CAP at a bare BDD electrode.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.012
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1016/J.JELECHEM.2017.07.053
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