“Impact of urban land use on the bacterial phyllosphere of ivy (Hedera sp.)”. Smets W, Wuyts K, Oerlemans E, Wuyts S, Denys S, Samson R, Lebeer S, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 147, 376 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2016.10.017
Abstract: The surface of the aerial parts of the plant, also termed the phyllosphere, is a selective habitat for microbes. The bacterial composition of the phyllosphere depends on host plant species, leaf characteristics, season, climate, and geographic location of the host plant. In this study, we investigated the effect of an urban environment on the bacterial composition of phyllosphere communities. We performed a passive biomonitoring experiment in which leaves were sampled from ivy (Hedera sp.), a common evergreen climber species, in urban and non-urban locations. Exposure to traffic-generated particulate matter was estimated using leaf biomagnetic analyses. The bacterial community composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq. The phyllosphere microbial communities of ivy differed greatly between urban and non-urban locations, as we observed a shift in several of the dominant taxa: Beijerinckia and Methylocystaceae were most abundant in the non-urban phyllosphere, whereas Hymenobacter and Sphingomonadaceae were dominating the urban ivy phyllosphere. The richness, diversity and composition of the communities showed greater variability in the urban than in the non-urban locations, where traffic-generated PM was lower. Interestingly, the relative abundances of eight of the ten most dominant taxa correlated well with leaf magnetism, be it positive or negative. The results of this study indicate that an urban environment can greatly affect the local phyllosphere community composition. Although other urban-related factors cannot be ruled out, the relative abundance of most of the dominant taxa was significantly correlated with exposure to traffic-generated PM.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2016.10.017
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“Inferring episodic atmospheric iron fluxes in the Western South Atlantic”. Evangelista H, Maldonado J, dos Santos EA, Godoi RHM, Garcia CAE, Garcia VMT, Johnson E, da Cunha KD, Leite CB, Van Grieken R, van Meel K, Makarovska Y, Gaiero DM, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 44, 703 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2009.11.018
Abstract: Iron (Fe) and other trace elements such as Zn, Mn, Ni and Cu are known as key-factors in marine biogeochemical cycles. It is believed that ocean primary productivity blooms in iron deficient regions can be triggered by iron in aeolian dust. Up to now, scarce aerosol elemental composition, based on measurements over sea at the Western South Atlantic (WSA), exist. An association between the Patagonian semi-desert dust/Fe and chlorophyll-a variability at the Argentinean continental shelf is essentially inferred from models. We present here experimental data of Fe enriched aerosols over the WSA between latitudes 22°S62°S, during 4 oceanographic campaigns between 2002 and 2005. These data allowed inferring the atmospheric Fe flux onto different latitudinal bands which varied from 30.4 to 1688 nmolFe m−2 day−1 (October 29thNovember 15th, 2003); 5.831586 nmolFe m−2 day−1 (February 15thMarch 6th, 2004) and 4.73586 nmolFe m−2 day−1(October 21stNovember 5th, 2005).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2009.11.018
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“Inhable particulate matter from lime industries: chemical composition and deposition in human respiratory tract”. Godoi RHM, Braga DM, Makarovska Y, Alfoldy B, Carvalho Filho MAS, Van Grieken R, Godoi AFL, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 42, 7027 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2008.07.002
Abstract: Air pollution caused by the lime production industry has become a serious problem with potential effects to human health, especially in developing countries. Colombo is a city included in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (capital of Parana State) in South Brazil. In Colombo city, a correlation has been shown between the lime production and the number of persons who need respiratory treatment in a local hospital, indicating that the lime industry can cause deleterious health effects in the exposed workers and population. This research was conducted to deal firstly with the characterization of the size distribution and chemical compositions of particles emitted from lime manufacturing and subsequently to assess the deposition rate of inhaled dolomitic lime aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract. The elemental chemical composition and particle size of individual atmospheric particles was quantitatively elucidated, including low-Z components like C, N and 0, as well as higher-Z elements, using automated electron probe microanalysis. Information concerning the bulk composition is provided by energy-dispersive X-ray detection. The majority of the respirable particulate matter identified was composed of aluminosilicates, Ca-Mg oxides, carbon-rich particles, mixtures of organic particles and Ca-Mg carbonates, soot and biogenic particles. In view of the chemical composition and size distribution of the aerosol particles, local deposition efficiencies in the human respiratory system were calculated, revealing the deposition of CaO center dot MgO at extrathoracic, tracheobronchial and pulmonary levels. The results of this study offer evidence to the threat of the fine and coarse particles emitted from dolomite lime manufacturing, allowing policy-makers to better focus their mitigation strategies in an effective way, as well as to the dolomite producers for the purpose of designing and/or implementing improved emission controls.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2008.07.002
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“Origin and growth of weathering crusts on ancient marbles in industrial atmosphere”. Moropoulou A, Bisbikou K, Torfs K, Van Grieken R, Zezza F, Macri F, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 32, 967 (1998). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00129-5
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00129-5
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“Seasonal and site-specific variation in vapour and aerosol phase PAHs over Flanders (Belgium) and their relation with anthropogenic activities”. Ravindra K, Bencs L, Wauters E, de Hoog J, Deutsch F, Roekens E, Bleux N, Berghmans P, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 40, 771 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.10.011
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.10.011
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“The shielding effect of the protective glazing of historical stained glass windows from an atmospheric chemistry perspective: case study Sainte Chapelle, Paris”. Godoi RHM, Kontozova V, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 40, 1255 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.10.033
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.10.033
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“Speciation and diurnal variation of thoracic, fine thoracic and sub-micrometer airborne particulate matter at naturally ventilated office environments”. Horemans B, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 44, 1497 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2010.01.010
Abstract: Thoracic (PM10), fine thoracic (PM2.5) and sub-micrometer (PM1) airborne particulate matter was sampled during day and night. In total, about 100 indoor and outdoor samples were collected for each fraction at ten different office environments. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and ion chromatography were applied for the quantification of some major and minor elements and ions in the collected aerosols. During daytime, mass concentrations were in the ranges: 1129, 8.124, and 6.618 μg m−3, with averages of 20 ± 1, 15.0 ± 0.9, and 11.0 ± 0.8 μg m−3, respectively. At night, mass concentrations were found to be significantly lower for all fractions. Indoor PM1 concentrations exceeded the corresponding outdoor levels during office hours and were thought to be elevated by office printers. Particles with diameters between 1 and 2.5 μm and 2.5 and 10 μm were mainly associated with soil dust elements and were clearly subjected to distinct periods of settling/resuspension. Indoor NO3 − levels were found to follow specific microclimatic conditions at the office environments, while daytime levels of sub-micrometer Cl− were possibly elevated by the use of Cl-containing cleaning products. Indoor carbon black concentrations were sometimes as high as 22 μg m−3 and were strongly correlated with outdoor traffic conditions.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2010.01.010
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“Thin-window electron probe X-ray microanalysis of individual atmospheric particles above the North Sea”. de Hoog J, Osán J, Szalóki I, Eyckmans K, Worobiec A, Ro C-U, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 39, 3231 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.02.025
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.02.025
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“Weathering of dolomitic sandstone under ambient conditions”. Sweevers H, Delalieux F, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 32, 733 (1998). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00341-5
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00341-5
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“Combining multi-receiver electromagnetic induction and stepped frequency ground penetrating radar for industrial site investigation”. Van De Vijver E, Van Meirvenne M, Saey T, Delefortrie S, De Smedt P, De Pue J, Seuntjens P, European journal of soil science 66, 688 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1111/EJSS.12229
Abstract: The soil at industrial sites is frequently characterized by very heterogeneous properties, which are often related to physical disturbance and contamination. A conventional approach to characterize the soil, with only a limited number of invasive observations, fails to capture the full extent of soil heterogeneity. Proximal soil sensing provides efficient tools to record spatially dense soil information. Nevertheless, because the output of most sensors is affected by more than one soil property, the simultaneous characterization of different soil properties requires the use of multiple sensors. Here, we apply multi-receiver electromagnetic induction (EMI) and stepped frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) to survey a former gasworks site in a seaport area of Belgium. We used the EMI and GPR sensors in a motorized system to obtain densely sampled measurements of apparent electrical conductivity, apparent magnetic susceptibility and contrasts in relative dielectric permittivity. Our study shows that the sensors give detailed information on the variation in these electromagnetic soil properties. Interpretation of the variation in terms of the stratification of the soil was hampered by localized anthropogenic disturbances. However, the sensors provided complementary information that enabled the identification, discrimination and accurate location of several of these localized disturbances, including underground utility services such as electric cables, buried structures such as the remains of foundations and contamination by salts. Because these represent typical targets in industrial site investigation, we conclude that multi-receiver EMI and stepped frequency GPR provide a useful set of tools to expedite the investigation of industrial sites.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1111/EJSS.12229
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“Associations between ambient, personal, and indoor exposure to fine particulate matter constituents in Dutch and Finnish panels of cardiovascular patients”. Janssen NAH, Lanki T, Hoek G, Vallius M, de Hartog JJ, Van Grieken R, Pekkanen J, Brunekreef B, Occupational and environmental medicine 62, 868 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1136/OEM.2004.016618
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1136/OEM.2004.016618
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“Flow analyses in the lower airways: patient-specific model and boundary conditions”. de Backer JW, Vos WG, Gorlé, CD, Germonpré, P, Partoens B, Wuyts FL, Parizel PM, de Backer W, Medical engineering and physics 30, 872 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2007.11.002
Abstract: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is increasingly applied in the respiratory domain. The ability to simulate the flow through a bifurcating tubular system has increased the insight into the internal flow dynamics and the particular characteristics of respiratory flows such as secondary motions and inertial effects. The next step in the evolution is to apply the technique to patient-specific cases, in order to provide more information about pathological airways. This study presents a patient-specific approach where both the geometry and the boundary conditions (BC) are based on individual imaging methods using computed tomography (CT). The internal flow distribution of a 73-year-old female suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is assessed. The validation is performed through the comparison of lung ventilation with gamma scintigraphy. The results show that in order to obtain agreement within the accuracy limits of the gamma scintigraphy scan, both the patient-specific geometry and the BC (driving pressure) play a crucial role. A minimal invasive test (CT scan) supplied enough information to perform an accurate CFD analysis. In the end it was possible to capture the pathological features of the respiratory system using the imaging and computational fluid dynamics techniques. This brings the introduction of this new technique in the clinical practice one step closer.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
Impact Factor: 1.819
Times cited: 82
DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2007.11.002
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“Validation of a newly developed FTIR in situ reactor: real time study of photocatalytic degradation of nitric oxide”. Hauchecorne B, Tytgat T, Terrens D, Vanpachtenbeke F, Lenaerts S, Infrared physics and technology 53, 469 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.INFRARED.2010.09.008
Abstract: For many years, photocatalysis has been proposed as one of the promising techniques to abate environmental pollutants. To improve these reactions it is vital to know the reaction mechanisms of the photocatalytic degradation. This new reactor will make it possible to study the catalytic surface at the moment the reactions occur. By the means of UV LED illumination there is no need of an external UV lamp and thus lowers the cost. The validation of this newly developed reactor is done by investigating the photocatalytic reaction mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) and comparing these findings with those already discussed in literature. From these results, it became clear that the newly developed FTIR in situ reactor allows real time study of photocatalytic degradations.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 1.713
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1016/J.INFRARED.2010.09.008
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“Observation of temperature induced phase transitions in TiO superconducting thin film via infrared measurement”. Zhou S, Zhang C, Xu W, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Ding L, Wen H, Cheng X, Hu C, Li H, Li X, Peeters FM, Infrared physics and technology 137, 105160 (2024). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.INFRARED.2024.105160
Abstract: In contrast to conventional polycrystalline titanium oxide (TiO), it was found recently that the superconducting transition temperature Tc can be significantly enhanced from about 2 K to 7.4 K in cubic TiO thin films grown epitaxially on alpha-Al2O3 substrates. This kind of TiO film is also expected to have distinctive optoelectronic properties, which are still not very clear up to now. Herein, by using infrared (IR) reflection measurement we investigate the temperature-dependent optoelectronic response of a cubic TiO thin film, in which temperature induced phase transitions are observed. The semiconductor-, metallic- and semiconductor-like electronic phases of this superconducting film are found in the temperature regimes from 10 to 110 K, 110 to 220 K and above 220 K, respectively. The results obtained optically are consistent with those measured by transport experiment. Furthermore, based on an improved reflection model developed here, we extract the complex optical conductivity of the cubic TiO thin film. We are able to approximately determine the characteristic parameters (e.g., effective electron mass, carrier density, scattering time, etc.) for different electronic phases by fitting the optical conductivity with the modified Lorentz formula. These results not only deepen our understanding of the fundamental physics for cubic TiO thin films but also may find applications in optoelectronic devices based on superconductors.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 3.3
DOI: 10.1016/J.INFRARED.2024.105160
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“Terahertz magneto-optical properties of Nitrogen-doped diamond”. Xiao H, Wen H, Xu W, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Cheng X, Xiao Y, Ding L, Li H, He B, Peeters FM, Infrared physics and technology 138, 105237 (2024). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.INFRARED.2024.105237
Abstract: Nitrogen-doped diamond (N-D) is one of the most important carbon-based electronic and optical materials. Here we study the terahertz (THz) magneto-optical (MO) properties of N-D grown by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The optical microscope, SEM, XRD, Raman spectrum, FTIR spectroscopy and XPS are used for the characterization of N-D samples. Applying THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS), in combination with the polarization test and the presence of magnetic field in Faraday geometry, THz MO transmissions through N-D are measured from 0 to 8 T at 80 K. The complex right- and left-handed circular transmission coefficients and MO conductivities for N-D are obtained accordingly. Through fitting the experimental results with theoretical formulas of the dielectric constant and MO conductivities for an electron gas, we are able to determine magneto-optically the key electronic parameters of N-D, such as the static dielectric constant epsilon b, the electron density ne, the electronic relaxation time tau, the electronic localization factor alpha and, particularly, the effective electron mass m* obtained under non-resonant condition. The dependence of these parameters upon magnetic field is examined and analyzed. We find that the MO conductivities of N-D can be described rightly by the MO Drude-Smith formulas developed by us previously. It is shown that N-doping and the presence of the magnetic field can lead towards the larger epsilon b and heavier m* in diamond, while ne/tau/alpha in N-D decreases/increases/decreases with increasing magnetic field. The results obtained from this work are benefit to us in gaining an in-depth understanding of the electronic and optoelectronic properties of N-D.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 3.3
DOI: 10.1016/J.INFRARED.2024.105237
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“Modeling the charge deposition in quartz grains during natural irradiation and its influence on the optically stimulated luminescence signal”. Baly L, Quesada I, Murray AS, Martin G, van Espen P, Arteche R, Jain M, Radiation Measurements 142, 106564 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.RADMEAS.2021.106564
Abstract: The rate of charge deposition in quartz grains irradiated in natural conditions is computed by radiation transport modeling. Quartz luminescence models are modified with the addition of the resulting charge deposition term, and the influence of this process on the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signal is analyzed. The results indicate that the charge deposition occurring in the quartz grain during the time of residence within rock could lead to the depletion of trapped holes in the recombination centres. For the two different quartz models investigated here, complete depletion is expected to occur for rock ages between 500 Ma and 1100 Ma. It is predicted that for sedimentary quartz derived from such rocks, the OSL signal is dominated by the slow component. It was also found that the shape and saturation level of the natural sensitivity-corrected dose response curve (DRC) of quartz is affected by the charge deposition; specifically, a linear reduction of the saturation level with the age of the rock is observed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.442
DOI: 10.1016/J.RADMEAS.2021.106564
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“Black titania by sonochemistry : a critical evaluation of existing methods”. Raes A, Ninakanti R, Van den Bergh L, Borah R, Van Doorslaer S, Verbruggen SW, Ultrasonics sonochemistry 100, 106601 (2023). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ULTSONCH.2023.106601
Abstract: In the field of photocatalysis, the fabrication of black titania is a booming topic, as it offers a system with improved solar light harvesting properties and increased overall efficiency. The darkening of white TiO2 powders can be ascribed to surface hydroxylation, oxygen vacancies, Ti3+ centres, or a combination thereof. A handful of studies suggests these defects can be conveniently introduced by acoustic cavitation, generated during sonochemical treatment of pristine TiO2 powders. In reproducing these studies, P25 TiO2 samples were ultrasonicated for various hours with a power density of 8000 W/L, resulting in powders that indeed became gradually darker with increasing sonication time. However, HAADF–STEM revealed that extensive erosion of the sonotrode tip took place and contaminated the samples, which appeared to be the primary reason for the observed colour change. This was confirmed by UV–Vis DRS and DRIFTS, that showed no significant alteration of the catalyst surface after sonication. EPR measurements showed that only an insignificant fraction of Ti3+ centres were produced, far less than in a TiO2 sample that was chemically reduced with NaBH4. No evidence of the presence oxygen vacancies could be found. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of ultrasonicated materials reported in literature can therefore not be ascribed to the synthesis of actual black (defected) TiO2, but rather to specific changes in morphology as a result of acoustic cavitation. Also, this study underlines the importance of considering probe erosion in sonochemical catalyst synthesis, which is an unavoidable side effect that can have an important impact on the catalyst appearance, properties and performance.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Theory and Spectroscopy of Molecules and Materials (TSM²); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
Impact Factor: 8.4
DOI: 10.1016/J.ULTSONCH.2023.106601
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“FCC surface precipitation in Cu-Zn-Al after low angle GA+ ion irradiation”. Zelaya E, Schryvers D, Materials transactions 51, 2177 (2010). http://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.M2010171
Abstract: The precipitation of a disordered FCC surface structure after low angle Ga+ ion irradiation during focused ion beam thinning of a B2 Cu-Zn-Al alloy with e/a=1.48 is reported. Conventional as well as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques reveal FCC layers on both sides of the thinned sample. The occurrence of this structure is attributed to disordering and dezincification of the alloy resulting from the sputtering process during the irradiation. Changes in crystallographic sample orientation with respect to the incoming ion beam do not have a significant effect on the appearance of the FCC surface structure.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 0.713
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.2320/matertrans.M2010171
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“Microstructure of a partially crystallised Ti50Ni25Cu25 melt-spun ribbon”. Santamarta R, Schryvers D, Materials transactions 44, 1760 (2003). http://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.44.1760
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 0.713
Times cited: 23
DOI: 10.2320/matertrans.44.1760
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“R-phase structure refinement using electron diffraction data”. Schryvers D, Potapov PL, Materials transactions 43, 774 (2002). http://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.43.774
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 0.713
Times cited: 25
DOI: 10.2320/matertrans.43.774
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“Stable anisotropic single-layer of ReTe₂, : a first principles prediction”. Yagmurcukardes M, Turkish Journal of Physics 44, 450 (2020). http://doi.org/10.3906/FIZ-2004-17
Abstract: In order to investigate the structural, vibrational, electronic, and mechanical features of single-layer ReTe2 first-principles calculations are performed. Dynamical stability analyses reveal that single-layer ReTe2 crystallize in a distorted phase while its 1H and 1T phases are dynamically unstable. Raman spectrum calculations show that single-layer distorted phase of ReTe2 exhibits 18 Raman peaks similar to those of ReS2 and ReSe2. Electronically, single-layer ReTe2 is shown to be an indirect gap semiconductor with a suitable band gap for optoelectronic applications. In addition, it is found that the formation of Re-units in the crystal induces anisotropic mechanical parameters. The in-plane stiffness and Poisson ratio are shown to be significantly dependent on the lattice orientation. Our findings indicate that single-layer form of ReTe2 can only crystallize in a dynamically stable distorted phase formed by the Re-units. Single-layer of distorted ReTe2 can be a potential in-plane anisotropic material for various nanotechnology applications.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
DOI: 10.3906/FIZ-2004-17
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“Reclaiming the image of daguerreotypes: Characterization of the corroded surface before and after atmospheric plasma treatment”. Grieten E, Schalm O, Tack P, Bauters S, Storme P, Gauquelin N, Caen J, Patelli A, Vincze L, Schryvers D, Journal of cultural heritage (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.05.008
Abstract: Technological developments such as atmospheric plasma jets for industry can be adapted for the conservation of cultural heritage. This application might offer a potential method for the removal or transformation of the corrosion on historical photographs. We focus on daguerreotypes and present an in-depth study of the induced changes by a multi-analytical approach using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, different types of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure. The H2-He afterglow removes S from an Ag2S or Cu2S layer which results in a nano-layer of metallic Ag or Cu on top of the deteriorated microstructure. In case the corrosion layer is composed of Cu-Ag-S compounds, our proposed setup can be used to partially remove the corrosion. These alterations of the corrosion results in an improvement in the readability of the photographic image.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; History; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
Impact Factor: 1.838
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2017.05.008
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“A methodology for the identification of glass panes of different origin in a single stained glass window: application on two 13th century windows”. Schalm O, de Raedt I, Caen J, Janssens K, Journal of cultural heritage 11, 487 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CULHER.2010.05.004
Abstract: The chemical composition of 11 glass panes originating from two 13th century non-figurative windows were analyzed by means of Scanning Electron MicroscopyEnergy Dispersive X-ray system (SEM-EDX). The windows were discovered in the back-wall of the triforium during the restoration of the choir of the cathedral St. Michael and St. Gudule in Brussels (Belgium). In order to determine if these windows were fabricated with glass of different origin or not, the compositional difference between the panes were compared with the variation in composition as a result of the following causes: (1) compositional fluctuation between panes cut from the same sheet of glass, (2) compositional fluctuation caused when panes are cut from different sheets that were made with the same batch, (3) compositional fluctuation caused when the glass is made from different batches at the same production center, and (4) compositional fluctuation as a result of glass produced at different fabrication centers.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.838
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1016/J.CULHER.2010.05.004
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“Study of the influence of water and oxygen on the morphology and chemistry of pyritized lignite: Implications for the development of a preventive drying protocol”. Odin GP, Belhadj O, Vanmeert F, Janssens K, Wattiaux A, Francois A, Rouchon V, Journal Of Cultural Heritage 42, 117 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CULHER.2019.08.004
Abstract: Lignite constitutes a unique testimony of past diversity and evolution of land plants. This material, usually waterlogged, is particularly difficult to dry because of its mechanical sensitivity to moisture changes. In addition, lignite may contain organic and inorganic sulfides, which are susceptible to oxidation once excavated. As a result, the conservation of lignite is particularly complicated and lignite remains scarce in paleobotanical collections. We experimentally test different drying protocols on waterlogged pyritized lignite, while documenting the respective role of water and oxygen on their morphology and chemistry. The results reveal that inorganic sulfides (pyrite) are more prone to oxidation than organic sulfides (thioethers). Critically, water is the main factor responsible for this oxidation, provoking sulfate efflorescence when samples are further exposed to oxygen. On the other hand, an abrupt removal of water provokes significant mechanical damage while sulfur remains mostly present as reduced compounds. The control of water and oxygen exchanges is thus critical for conserving lignite without physical damage and efflorescence. We successfully achieved this by storing the samples in hermetically sealed plastic bags made of semi-permeable films, which slowly release humidity while allowing a gradual influx of oxygen. We advise curators to quickly handle lignite once removed from its waterlogged environment because of the fast kinetics of oxidation, and to choose a drying protocol according to the purpose of the lignite treated. Finally, once dried, we advise to store the lignite in an anhydrous environment. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.1
DOI: 10.1016/J.CULHER.2019.08.004
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“Comparison of hot-air and low-radiant pew heating systems on the distribution and transport of gaseous air pollutants in the mountain church of Rocca Pietore from artwork conservation points of view”. Bencs L, Spolnik Z, Limpens-Neilen D, Schellen HL, Jütte BAHG, Van Grieken R, Journal of cultural heritage 8, 264 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CULHER.2007.05.001
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CULHER.2007.05.001
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“Conservation of stained glass windows with protective glazing : main results from the European VIDRIO research programme”. Bernardi A, Becherini F, Verità, M, Godoi RHM, Kontozova-Deutsch V, Van Grieken R, et al, Journal of cultural heritage 14, 527 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CULHER.2012.11.009
Abstract: The methodology of protecting the European stained glass windows against environmental risk (e.g. meteorological factors, air pollution, microorganisms) by means of an external glazing is not new. In spite of many scientific studies carried out in the last 20 years, some questions were still up for discussion. The European VIDRIO (20022005) project gave an answer to these questions. The research carried out by the different project partners established a new multidisciplinary approach aimed at evaluating the efficiency of the protective glazing systems and their effects on stained glass windows conservation, and finally at assessing the most appropriate strategy to preserve stained glass windows. Scientific results showed that the so-called isothermal glazing (i.e. ventilation by the air coming from the inside of the building) protected efficiently the ancient stained glass window from environmental attack (i.e. rain, pollutants, condensation, thermal shocks) with very limited secondary effects. The scientific research highlighted that its efficiency was strongly related to the technical design of the protective system. In particular, the ventilation and the size of the interspace had to be carefully considered. The research developed within the VIDRIO project was turned into general recommendations to the owners and practitioners on the best practice for the stained glass windows future conservation.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CULHER.2012.11.009
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“Contact sponge method : performance of a promising tool for measuring the initial water absorption”. Vandevoorde D, Pamplona M, Schalm O, Vanhellemont Y, Cnudde V, Verhaeven E, Journal of cultural heritage 10, 41 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CULHER.2008.10.002
Abstract: Porous limestone and mortar are able to absorb large quantities of water. This phenomenon will accelerate the deterioration of the material. In such cases, the material might be treated with a hydrophobic product, which creates a superficial layer that hampers the penetration of water. In order to decide if such a treatment should be applied or not, the water absorbing behaviour of the material should be measured. With the same measuring technique the efficiency of the hydrophobic barrier can be evaluated. Moreover, it allows the monitoring of such barriers as a function of time. At the same time, the water absorption of porous stone material is an indication of the degree of deterioration and its sensitivity to future deterioration. Up to now, two different measuring techniques exist, but one can only be used in laboratory and the other, which can be operated in laboratory as well as in situ, is not always reliable for in situ analyses. This article proposes an alternative method: the contact sponge method. This recently developed method was tested on non-treated porous stone materials in a laboratory environment in order to evaluate its performance in comparison with the two existing methods.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CULHER.2008.10.002
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“Effects of IR heating on distribution and transport of gaseous air pollutants in urban and mountain churches in Poland”. Bencs L, Spolnik Z, Worobiec A, Samek L, Jutte BAHG, Van Grieken R, Journal of cultural heritage 36, 200 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CULHER.2018.09.007
Abstract: The spatial distribution and temporal concentration variation of a set of gaseous air components (e.g., CO2, CO, H2CO, H2O) have been monitored with a multi-channel photoacoustic gas-analyzer in an urban church ( Saint Catherine's, Cracow) and a mountain church ( Saint Michaels Archangel, Szalowa) of Poland, in order to assess the likely effects of air pollution indoors under the influence of provisory electrical infrared (IR) heaters and without heating. Likewise, the ventilation characteristic and the leakage of these buildings with different constructions (i.e., plastered stone and wooden structures) with the assistance of decay curves of SF6 tracer gas was evaluated and compared. The wooden building in Szalowa, due to its more open structure, developed about one order higher ventilation rates (e.g., 0.9-1.3 h(-1)) than the stone church in Cracow (e.g., 0.1 h(-1)). The IR-heating affected only modestly the ventilation rate of the wooden church (e.g., 1.2-1.6 h(-1)), but it increased significantly that of the plastered stone church (e.g., 0.27 h(-1)). The ventilation rates were also assessed with the use of the CO2 curve decay method, and satisfactory agreement was found with those observed by the use of SF6 tracer. The spatial distribution of the studied gaseous pollutants (CO2, H2O) was found to be in some occasions nonhomogeneous in both buildings, due to the active usage of the IR-heating, especially, during a couple of consecutive liturgical services. Besides the pollution events due to ingress of gaseous air pollutants, present at enhanced levels outdoors, increased CO, CO2 and H2CO peaks were observed indoors too, which, in most cases, could be associated with incense burning. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CULHER.2018.09.007
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“Environmental conditions controlling the chemical weathering of the Madara Horseman monument, NE Bulgaria”. Delalieux F, Cardell C, Todorov V, Dekov V, Van Grieken R, Journal of cultural heritage 2, 43 (2001)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“The impact of electric overhead radiant heating on the indoor environment of historic churches”. Samek L, de Maeyer-Worobiec A, Spolnik Z, Bencs L, Kontozova V, Bratasz Ł, Kozłowski R, Van Grieken R, Journal of cultural heritage 8, 361 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CULHER.2007.03.006
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CULHER.2007.03.006
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