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“Laser microprobe mass analysis : a review of applications in the life sciences”. Verbueken AH, Bruynseels FJ, Van Grieken RE, Biomedical mass spectrometry 12, 438 (1985). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200120903
Abstract: The characteristics and analytical utility of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) are described and evaluated, and a short history of this recent microanalytical technique is presented. A review of the areas of application of LAMMA and related laser microprobes is presented with special emphasis on applications in the life sciences.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200120903
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van de Vijver FL, Verbueken AH, Van Grieken RE, de Broe ME, Visser WJ (1985) Laser microprobe mass analysis : a tool for evaluating histochemical staining of trace elements. 351–352
Keywords: L1 Letter to the editor; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Loss of particulate organic matter in estuaries as exemplified by the Ems and Gironde estuaries”. Eisma D, Bernard P, Boon JJ, Van Grieken R, Kalf J, Mook WG, Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg 58, 397 (1985)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Matrix effects and analysis of biological material by spark source mass spectrometry”. Vos L, Van Grieken R, Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 321, 32 (1985). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00464483
Abstract: Spark-source mass spectrometric analyses of synthetic simulated biological samples were performed to determine the importance of matrix effects. A correlation between the variation of the relative sensitivity coefficients (RSC's) and the spark plasma composition, hence plasma temperature, was found. The determined RSC's were used in the analysis of four biological standard reference materials. An accuracy of 1013% and detection limits between 0.005 and 0.5 ppm were obtained during analysis under normal conditions.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF00464483
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“Parnaiba Basin shales (Northeast Brazil)”. Mabesoone JM, Farias CC, Van Grieken R, Duarte PJ, Delgado A, Freira EMP, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 57, 481 (1985)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Preliminary studies on the geochemistry of the Cauvery river basin”. Subramanian V, Van 't dack L, Van Grieken R, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences: earth and planetary sciences 94, 99 (1985). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871942
Abstract: Samples of water and sediments were collected over a three year period from the entire region of Cauvery river basin excluding the estuary. On the basis of our observations, we have calculated the average composition of the Cauvery river at several locations from the catchment to the river mouth, the downstream profile of sediment load, annual erosion rates, solute and sediment fluxes and have predicted on long term changes. The sediment chemistry was determined by x-ray fluorescence (xrf) technique, and calculated mean compositions of the Cauvery and its tributary bed and the suspended sediment were compared to those of world average river sediments. Downstream profiles of some of the elements appear to be controlled by size and mineralogical characteristics besides local factors specific to the location of the samples. Interelemental relationships indicated good correlation among the transition elements indicating their co-genetic behaviour within the drainage basin.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02871942
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“Progress in Belgian oceanographic research : proceedings of symposium, Brussels, 3-5 March 1985”. Van Grieken R, Wollast R page 479 p. (1985).
Keywords: ME3 Book as editor; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Skin penetration of minerals in psoriatics and guinea-pigs bathing in hypertonic salt solutions”. Shani J, Barak S, Levi D, Ram M, Schachner ER, Schlesinger T, Robberecht H, Van Grieken R, Avrach WW, Pharmacological research communications 17, 501 (1985). http://doi.org/10.1016/0031-6989(85)90123-7
Abstract: Penetration of electrolytes through the human skin was measured in healthy volunteers and in psoriatic patients after bathing in the Dead-Sea or in simulated bath-salt solutions. Significant increases in the levels of serum Br, Rb, Ca and Zn were noticed only in the psoriatic patients after daily bathing in the Dead-Sea for a 4-week regimen. Guinea-pigs bathed in simulated Dead-Sea bath-salt solutions containing radionuclides of Ca, Mg, K and Br. Traces of each radionuclide were detected in the blood and in some internal organs after 60 minutes of bathing. The radionuclides showed a physiological pattern in their organ distribution. Even though the whole investigation was carried out in hypertonic solutions, there is a definite penetration of salts through healthy (human and guinea-pigs) and damaged (psoriatic) epidermis. This finding suggests that improvement of the psoriatic condition after bathing in the Dead-Sea, may be partly attributed (in addition to ultraviolet irradiation) to the minerals' effect on the psoriatic skin.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0031-6989(85)90123-7
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“Stof : begrippen, bronnen en analysmethoden”. Van Grieken R, (1985)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Study of individual estuarine suspension particles by automated electron-probe X-ray microanalysis”. Bernard P, Van Grieken R, Eisma D, (1985)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Trace analysis of environmental samples by X-ray emission spectroscopy”. Van Grieken RE, LaBrecque JJ page 101 (1985).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Trace element and micro-mineral composition of some selected anhydrite samples from the Saint Ghislain drill hole (Hainaut, Belgium)”. Vandelannoote R, Van 't dack L, Gijbels R, Bulletin van de Belgische Vereniging voor Geologie 95, 101 (1986)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“AXIL-PC, software for the analysis of complex-x-ray spectra”. van Espen P, Janssens K, Nobels J, Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 1, 109 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(86)80031-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0169-7439(86)80031-4
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“Evaluation of energy-dispersive x-ray-spectra with the aid of expert systems”. Janssens K, van Espen P, Analytica chimica acta 191, 169 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)86306-0
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)86306-0
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“Implementation of an expert system for the qualitative interpretation of x-ray-fluorescence spectra”. Janssens K, van Espen P, Analytica chimica acta 184, 117 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)86475-2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)86475-2
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“Absorption correction in electron probe x-ray microanalysis of thin samples”. Markowicz AA, Storms HM, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 58, 1282 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00298A003
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00298A003
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“Analysis of lateritic material from Cerro impacto by instrumental neutron activation employing a low-energy photon semiconductor and a high-energy Ge(Li) detector”. LaBrecque JJ, Beusen JM, Van Grieken RE, Applied spectroscopy 40, 140 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1366/0003702864509600
Abstract: Nineteen elements were determined in four different grain size fractions of a bulk geological material from Cerro Impacto for a study of the physical (mechanical) concentration process of different elements based upon the hardness of the different minerals. The analysis was performed by excitation of the sample with a high, slow neutron flux followed by gamma-ray spectroscopy with both a conventional Ge(Li) high-energy detector and a low-energy photon detector (LEPD). The accuracy of this method was studied with the use of two standard reference materials, SY-2 and SY-3, which are similar to the real samples. The values determined were also compared with a secondary target x-ray fluorescence method for all the elements that were suitable to both methods. Actually, the x-ray fluorescence method was found to be more complementary than competitive.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1366/0003702864509600
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“Analytical electron microscopy of single particles”. Markowicz A, Raeymaekers B, Van Grieken R, Adams F page 173 (1986).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Anorganische sporenanalyse voor milieuonderzoek”. Van Grieken R, (1986)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Application of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) to problems in nephrology”. Verbueken AH, Van de Vyver FL, Visser WJ, de Broe ME, Van Grieken RE page 987 (1986).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Characterisation of individual suspension particles in the Ems estuary”. Bernard PC, Van Grieken RE, Eisma D, (1986)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of air particulate matter by X-ray, Raman and mass spectrometric techniques”. Van Grieken R, Adams F page 57 (1986).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical characterisation of weathering crust and run-off water for a deteriorated limestone cathedral”. Roekens E, Leysen L, Van Grieken R, Komy Z, (1986)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Classification of estuarine particles using automated electron-microprobe analysis and multivariate techniques”. Bernard PC, Van Grieken RE, Eisma D, Environmental science and technology 20, 467 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES00147A005
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES00147A005
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“Determination of barium, lanthanum, cerium and neodymium in lateritic materials by various energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence techniques and neutron activation analysis”. Labrecque JJ, Beusen JM, Van Grieken RE, X-ray spectrometry 15, 13 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300150105
Abstract: A comparison of four methods for the determination of barium, lanthanum, cerium and neodymium in lateritic materials from Brazil is presented. Three of the methods were based on x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy: two by radioisotope excitation (Co-57 and Am-241) and one by secondary target XRF (a molybdenum target with a tungsten anode). The other method was based on neutron activation analysis employing both a Ge(Li) coaxial detector and a high-purity germanium detector. The results from these four methods were similar for lanthanum, cerium and neodymium, but for barium at low concentrations (<500 ppm) the neutron activation and the secondary target XRF methods were not suitable. Data on the precision and accuracy of these methods using a series of standard reference rocks are given. The advantages and limitations of each of these methods with respect to the analysis of lateritic materials are discussed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300150105
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“Determination of trace metals in rain water by differential-pulse stripping voltammetry”. Vos L, Komy G, Reggers G, Roekens E, Van Grieken R, Analytica chimica acta 184, 271 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)86491-0
Abstract: Differential-pulse stripping voltammetry is applied to measure zinc, cadmium, lead and copper by anodic stripping and selenium(IV) by cathodic stripping in rain water at pH 2; subsequently, at pH 9,1, manganese is measured by anodic stripping on the same portion, and cobalt and nickel are measured in the adsorptive mode after formation of their dimethylglyoximates. The instrumental parameters are optimized. The linear ranges, mutual interferences and detection limits are studied. Excellent accuracy is demonstrated; the standard deviation is around 15% at 2.550 μg l−1 levels. The method is shown to be applicable for rain water.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)86491-0
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“Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry : present state and trends”. Van Grieken R, Markowicz A, Török S, Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 324, 825 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00473177
Abstract: Recent development, present state and expected future developments in energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry are discussed. Attention is paid to the improvements in analytical selectivity, sensitivity, detection limit, quantitative character and applicability range, which are the result of new or better excitation sources, detectors, instrument design, automation, computer software and theoretical developments.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF00473177
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“Enhancement effect in X-ray fluorescence analysis of environmental samples of medium thickness”. Van Dyck PM, Török SB, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 58, 1761 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00121A036
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00121A036
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“Evaluation of an equation for bremsstrahlung background in electron-probe X-ray microanalysis of composite samples”. Markowicz A, Storms H, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 15, 131 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300150211
Abstract: A new equation for predicting the generated bremsstrahlung background intensity in electron-probe x-ray microanalysis has been verified experimentally. This equation is applicable to all bulk composite specimens and reduces to Kramers' equation for pure elements only. The experimental verification has been carried out for Al2O3, Fe2O3 and ZrO2 with radiation energies from 4.2 to 14.8 keV. The predicted bremsstrahlung intensities are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300150211
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“Heterogeneity effects in direct XRF analysis of traces of heavy metals preconcentrated on polyurethane foam sorbents”. Török S, Braun T, Van Dyck P, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 15, 7 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300150104
Abstract: Trace amounts of heavy metals were preconcentrated on discs of polyurethane (PU) foam loaded with ammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), to increase the sensitivity of XRF. Since the diameter of the cavities in the open-cell PU foams reaches 30300 μm, considerable heterogeneity effects might occur, which could reduce the accuracy of the method. The possible systematic error introduced by considering the sample to be homogeneous is calculated using the Berry et al. model. The calculations show that the underestimation of the absorption correction factor when considering the sample as being homogeneous is less than 2% for high-Z elements when the sample thickness is at least 2 mm. The detection limits are also around the minima for this thickness.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300150104
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