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“Selective organic functionalization of graphene bulk or graphene edges”. Quintana M, Montellano A, Esau del Rio Castillo A, Van Tendeloo G, Bittencourt C, Prato M, Chemical communications 47, 9330 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1039/c1cc13254g
Abstract: Graphene sheets have been functionalized with a PAMAM dendron, finding that graphene can be efficiently functionalized all over the surface, or only at the edges, depending on the reactions used in the functionalization process.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 6.319
Times cited: 84
DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13254g
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“The high-temperature polymorphs of K3AlF6”. King G, Abakumov AM, Woodward PM, Llobet A, Tsirlin AA, Batuk D, Antipov EV, Inorganic chemistry 50, 7792 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/ic200956a
Abstract: The crystal structures of the three high-temperature polymorphs of K3AlF6 have been solved from neutron powder diffraction, synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, and electron diffraction data. The β-phase (stable between 132 and 153 °C) and γ-phase (stable between 153 to 306 °C) can be described as unusually complex superstructures of the double-perovskite structure (K2KAlF6) which result from noncooperative tilting of the AlF6 octahedra. The β-phase is tetragonal, space group I4/m, with lattice parameters of a = 13.3862(5) Å and c = 8.5617(3) Å (at 143 °C) and Z = 10. In this phase, one-fifth of the AlF6 octahedra are rotated about the c-axis by 45° while the other four-fifths remain untilted. The large 45° rotations result in edge sharing between these AlF6 octahedra and the neighboring K-centered polyhedra, resulting in pentagonal bipyramidal coordination for four-fifths of the K+ ions that reside on the B-sites of the perovskite structure. The remaining one-fifth of the K+ ions on the B-sites retain octahedral coordination. The γ-phase is orthorhombic, space group Fddd, with lattice parameters of a = 36.1276(4) Å, b = 17.1133(2) Å, and c = 12.0562(1) Å (at 225 °C) and Z = 48. In the γ-phase, one-sixth of the AlF6 octahedra are randomly rotated about one of two directions by 45° while the other five-sixths remain essentially untilted. These rotations result in two-thirds of the K+ ions on the B-site obtaining 7-fold coordination while the other one-third remain in octahedral coordination. The δ-phase adopts the ideal cubic double-perovskite structure, space group Fmm, with a = 8.5943(1) Å at 400 °C. However, pair distribution function analysis shows that locally the δ-phase is quite different from its long-range average crystal structure. The AlF6 octahedra undergo large-amplitude rotations which are accompanied by off-center displacements of the K+ ions that occupy the 12-coordinate A-sites.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 4.857
Times cited: 19
DOI: 10.1021/ic200956a
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“Solving the structure of Li ion battery materials with precession electron diffraction : application to Li2CoPo4F”. Hadermann J, Abakumov AM, Turner S, Hafideddine Z, Khasanova NR, Antipov EV, Van Tendeloo G, Chemistry of materials 23, 3540 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/cm201257b
Abstract: The crystal structure of the Li2CoPO4F high-voltage cathode for Li ion rechargeable batteries has been completely solved from precession electron diffraction (PED) data, including the location of the Li atoms. The crystal structure consists of infinite chains of CoO4F2 octahedra sharing common edges and linked into a 3D framework by PO4 tetrahedra. The chains and phosphate anions together delimit tunnels filled with the Li atoms. This investigation demonstrates that PED can be successfully applied for obtaining structural information on a variety of Li-containing electrode materials even from single micrometer-sized crystallites.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 9.466
Times cited: 46
DOI: 10.1021/cm201257b
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“Thermally induced atomic reconstruction of PbSe/CdSe core/shell quantum dots into PbSe/CdSe bi-hemisphere hetero-nanocrystals”. Grodzinska D, Pietra F, van Huis MA, Vanmaekelbergh D, de Mello Donegá, C, Journal of materials chemistry 21, 11556 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm04458j
Abstract: The properties of hetero-nanocrystals (HNCs) depend strongly on the mutual arrangement of the nanoscale components. In this work we have investigated the structural and morphological evolution of colloidal PbSe/CdSe core/shell quantum dots upon annealing under vacuum. Prior to annealing the PbSe core has an approximately octahedral morphology with eight {111} facets, and the CdSe shell has zinc-blende crystal structure. Thermal annealing under vacuum at temperatures between 150 °C and 200 °C induces a structural and morphological reconstruction of the HNCs whereby the PbSe core and the CdSe shell are reorganized into two hemispheres joined by a common {111} Se plane. This thermally induced reconstruction leads to considerable changes in the optical properties of the colloidal PbSe/CdSe HNCs.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 44
DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04458j
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“Nitrogen control in nanodiamond produced by detonation shock-wave-assisted synthesis”. Shenderova OA, Vlasov II, Turner S, Van Tendeloo G, Orlinskii SB, Shiryaev AA, Khomich AA, Sulyanov SN, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J, The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces 115, 14014 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/jp202057q
Abstract: Development of efficient production methods of nanodiamond (ND) particles containing substitutional nitrogen and nitrogen-vacancy (NV) complexes remains an important goal in the nanodiamond community. ND synthesized from explosives is generally not among the preferred candidates for imaging applications owing to lack of optically active particles containing NV centers. In this paper, we have systematically studied representative classes of NDs produced by detonation shock wave conversion of different carbon precursor materials, namely, graphite and a graphite/hexogen mixture into ND, as well as ND produced from different combinations of explosives using different cooling methods (wet or dry cooling). We demonstrate that (i) the N content in nanodiamond particles can be controlled through a correct selection of the carbon precursor material (addition of graphite, explosives composition); (ii) particles larger than approximately 20 nm may contain in situ produced optically active NV centers, and (iii) in ND produced from explosives, NV centers are detected only in ND produced by wet synthesis. ND synthesized from a mixture of graphite/explosive contains the largest amount of NV centers formed during synthesis and thus deserves special attention.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 4.536
Times cited: 54
DOI: 10.1021/jp202057q
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“The synthesis and complex anion-vacancy ordered structure of La0.33Sr0.67MnO2.42”. Dixon E, Hadermann J, Hayward MA, Journal of solid state chemistry 184, 1791 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2011.05.026
Abstract: The low-temperature topotactic reduction of La0.33Sr0.67MnO3 with NaH results in the formation of La0.33Sr0.67MnO2.42. A combination of neutron powder and electron diffraction data show that La0.33Sr0.67MnO2.42 adopts a novel anion-vacancy ordered structure with a 6-layer OOTOOT' stacking sequence of the octahedral and tetrahedral layers (Pcmb, a=5.5804(1) Å, b=23.4104(7) Å, c=11.2441(3) Å). A significant concentration of anion vacancies at the anion site, which links neighbouring octahedral layers means that only 25% of the octahedral manganese coordination sites actually have 6-fold MnO6 coordination, the remainder being MnO5 square-based pyramidal sites. The chains of cooperatively twisted apex-linked MnO4 tetrahedra adopt an ordered -LRLR- arrangement within each tetrahedral layer. This is the first published example of a fully refined structure of this type which exhibits such intralayer ordering of the twisted tetrahedral chains. The rationale behind the contrasting structures of La0.33Sr0.67MnO2.42 and other previously reported reduced La1−xSrxMnO3−y phases is discussed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.299
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.05.026
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“Enzyme immobilization on/in polymeric membranes : status, challenges and perspectives in biocatalytic membrane reactors (BMRs)”. Jochems P, Satyawali Y, Diels L, Dejonghe W, Green chemistry : cutting-edge research for a greener sustainable future 13, 1609 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1039/C1GC15178A
Abstract: Immobilization of enzymes is beneficial in terms of improving the process economics by enabling enzyme re-use and enhancing overall productivity and robustness. Increasingly, membranes are thought to be good supports for enzyme immobilization. These resulting biocatalytic membranes are integrated in reactors known as biocatalytic membrane reactors (BMRs) which enable the integration of biocatalysis and separation. Often the available commercial membranes require modifications to make them suitable for enzyme immobilization. Different immobilization techniques can be used on such suitable membranes, but no general rules exist for making a choice between them. Despite the advantages of BMR application, there are some issues which need to be addressed in order to achieve up-scaling of such systems. In this review, the different aspects of enzyme immobilization on membranes are discussed to show the complexity of this interdisciplinary technology. In addition, the existing issues which require further investigation are highlighted.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1039/C1GC15178A
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“Design of Ru-zeolites for hydrogen-free production of conjugated linoleic acid”. Philippaerts A, Goossens S, Vermandel W, Tromp M, Turner S, Geboers J, Van Tendeloo G, Jacobs PA, Sels BF, Chemsuschem 4, 757 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201100015
Abstract: While conjugated vegetable oils are currently used as additives in the drying agents of oils and paints, they are also attractive molecules for making bio-plastics. Moreover, conjugated oils will soon be accepted as nutritional additives for functional food products. While current manufacture of conjugated vegetable oils or conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) uses a homogeneous base as isomerisation catalyst, a heterogeneous alternative is not available today. This contribution presents the direct production of CLAs over Ru supported on different zeolites, varying in topology (ZSM-5, BETA, Y), Si/Al ratio and countercation (H+, Na+, Cs+). Ru/Cs-USY, with a Si/Al ratio of 40, was identified as the most active and selective catalyst for isomerisation of methyl linoleate (cis-9,cis-12 (C18:2)) to CLA at 165 °C. Interestingly, no hydrogen pre-treatment of the catalyst or addition of hydrogen donors is required to achieve industrially relevant isomerisation productivities, namely, 0.7 g of CLA per litre of solvent per minute. Moreover, the biologically most active CLA isomers, namely, cis-9,trans-11, trans-10,cis-12 and trans-9,trans-11, were the main products, especially at low catalyst concentrations. Ex situ physicochemical characterisation with CO chemisorption, extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements, transmission electron microscopy analysis, and temperature-programmed oxidation reveals the presence of highly dispersed RuO2 species in Ru/Cs-USY(40).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 7.226
Times cited: 24
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100015
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“Thermal behavior of Si-doped fullerenes vs their structural stability at T = 0 K : a density functional study”. Scipioni R, Matsubara M, Ruiz E, Massobrio C, Boero M, Chemical physics letters 510, 14 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2011.05.019
Abstract: We establish the topological conditions underlying the thermal stability of C30Si30 clusters. Two topologies have been considered: a segregated one, where Si and C atoms lie on neighboring and yet, separated parts of the cage, and a non-segregated one, where the number of SiC bonds is maximized. The segregated network is energetically favored against the non-segregated one, both structures being fully relaxed at T = 0 K. Conversely, the non-segregated structure is the only one stable at finite temperatures, regardless of the nature of the local states (d or p) included in the KleynmanBylander construction.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.815
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.05.019
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“Layered perovskite-like Pb2Fe2O5 structure as a parent matrix for the nucleation and growth of crystallographic shear planes”. Batuk D, Hadermann J, Abakumov A, Vranken T, Hardy A, van Bael M, Van Tendeloo G, Inorganic chemistry 50, 4978 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/ic200211x
Abstract: The Pb2Fe2O5 compound with a layered intergrowth structure has been prepared by a solid-state reaction at 700 °C. The incommensurate compound crystallizes in a tetragonal system with a = 3.9037(2) Å, c = 3.9996(4) Å, and q = 0.1186(4)c*, or when treated as a commensurate approximant, a = 3.9047(2) Å, c = 36.000(3) Å, space group I4/mmm. The crystal structure of Pb2Fe2O5 was resolved from transmission electron microscopy data. Atomic coordinates and occupancies of the cation positions were estimated from high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy data. Direct visualization of the positions of the oxygen atoms was possible using annular bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The structure can be represented as an intergrowth of perovskite blocks and partially disordered blocks with a structure similar to that of the Bi2O2 blocks in Aurivillius-type phases. The A-cation positions at the border of the perovskite block and the cation positions in the Aurivillius-type blocks are jointly occupied by Pb2+ and Fe3+ cations, resulting in a layer sequence along the c axis: PbOFeO2PbOFeO2Pb7/8Fe1/8O1xFe5/8Pb3/8O2Fe5/8Pb3/8. Upon heating, the layered Pb2Fe2O5 structure transforms into an anion-deficient perovskite modulated by periodically spaced crystallographic shear (CS) planes. Considering the layered Pb2Fe2O5 structure as a parent matrix for the nucleation and growth of CS planes allows an explanation of the specific microstructure observed for the CS structures in the PbFeO system.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 4.857
Times cited: 16
DOI: 10.1021/ic200211x
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“Surface chemistry and properties of ozone-purified detonation nanodiamonds”. Shenderova O, Koscheev A, Zaripov N, Petrov I, Skryabin Y, Detkov P, Turner S, Van Tendeloo G, The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces 115, 9827 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/jp1102466
Abstract: Nanodiamond from ozone purification (NDO) demonstrates very distinctive properties within the class of detonation nanodiamonds, namely very high acidity and high colloidal stability in a broad pH range. To understand the origin of these unusual properties of NDO, the nature of the surface functional groups formed during detonation soot oxidation by ozone needs to be revealed. In this work, thermal desorption mass spectrometry (TDMS) and IR spectroscopy were used for the identification of surface groups and it was concluded that carboxylic anhydride groups prevail on the NDO surface. On the basis of the temperature profiles of the desorbed volatile products and their mass balance, it is hypothesized that decomposition of carboxylic anhydride groups from NDO during heating proceeds by two different mechanisms. Other distinctive features of NDO in comparison with air-treated nanodiamond are also reported.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 4.536
Times cited: 105
DOI: 10.1021/jp1102466
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“Semiclathrates of the GePTe system : synthesis and crystal structures”. Kirsanova MA, Reshetova LN, Olenev AV, Abakumov AM, Shevelkov AV, Chemistry: a European journal 17, 5719 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201003553
Abstract: Novel compounds [Ge46−xPx]Tey (13.9≤x≤15.6, 5.92≤y≤7.75) with clathrate-like structures have been prepared and structurally characterized. They crystallize in the space group Fmequation image with the unit cell parameter changing from 20.544(2) to 20.698(2) Å (Z=8) on going from x=13.9 to x=15.6. Their crystal structure is composed of a covalently bonded Ge[BOND]P framework that hosts tellurium atoms in the guest positions and can be viewed as a peculiar variant of the type I clathrate superstructure. In contrast to the conventional type I clathrates, [Ge46−xPx]Tey contain tricoordinated (3b) atoms and no vacancies in the framework positions. As a consequence of the transformation of the framework, the majority of the guest tellurium atoms form a single covalent bond with the host framework and thus the title compounds are the first representative of semiclathrates with covalent bonding. A comparison is made with silicon clathrates and the evolution of the crystal structure upon changing the tellurium content is discussed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 5.317
Times cited: 17
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003553
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“Short-range layered A-site ordering in double perovskites NaLaBB'O6 (B = Mn, Fe, B' = Nb, Ta)”. Dachraoui W, Yang T, Liu C, Ling G, Hadermann J, Van Tendeloo G, Llobet A, Greenblatt M, Chemistry of materials 23, 2398 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/cm200226u
Abstract: The new compounds NaLaFeTaO6, NaLaFeNbO6, NaLaMnTaO6, and NaLaMnNbO6 have been synthesized and characterized with a combination of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), and magnetization measurements. Through electron microscopy study, a local layered order of the A-cations has been detected without the typical occurrence of rock salt order at the B-cation site. Satellite reflections in the electron diffraction related to the local layered order are not visible on the XRPD or NPD patterns. The occurrence of local layered order is supported by pair distribution function analysis, which also reveals the presence of uncorrelated displacements of the Nb and Ta cations. The octahedra are tilted according to the system a−b+a−, and the coordinates were refined from XRPD and NPD with a disordered cation distribution in the space group Pnma. The magnetic exchange interactions in NaLaFeTaO6 and NaLaFeNbO6 are antiferromagnetic, while they are ferromagnetic in NaLaMnTaO6 and NaLaMnNbO6. Long-range magnetic ordering is not observed down to 4 K for any of the compositions.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 9.466
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1021/cm200226u
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“Au@MOF-5 and Au/Mox@MOF-5 (M = Zn, Ti, x = 1, 2) : preparation and microstructural characterisation”. Müller M, Turner S, Lebedev OI, Wang Y, Van Tendeloo G, Fischer RA, European journal of inorganic chemistry , 1876 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201001297
Abstract: The Zn-carboxylate-based porous coordination polymer MOF-5 [Zn4O(bdc)3] and the metal oxide loaded materials ZnO@MOF-5 and TiO2@MOF-5 were loaded in a second step with the precursor [ClAuCO] to yield intermediate materials denoted as [ClAuCO]@MOF-5, [ClAuCO]/ZnO@MOF-5 and [ClAuCO]/TiO2@MOF-5. These composites were decomposed to Au@MOF-5, Au/ZnO@MOF-5 and Au/TiO2@MOF-5 under hydrogen at 100 °C. The nanoparticle-loaded hybrid materials were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N2 sorption measurements, which reveal an intact MOF-5 structure that maintains a high specific surface area. For Au@MOF-5, crystalline Au nanoparticles were distributed over the MOF matrix in a homogeneous fashion with a size of ca. 13 nm, evidenced by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. In the case of Au/ZnO@MOF-5, the Au and metal oxide particles of a few nm in size were coexistent in a given volume of the MOF-5 matrix and were not separated in different crystalline MOF particles. For the TiO2 loaded materials the oxide is preferentially located near the outer surface of the MOF particles, leading to an increase of larger exterior Au particles in comparison to very small interior Au particles as observed for the other materials. Au@MOF-5, Au/ZnO@MOF-5 and Au/TiO2@MOF-5 were tested in liquid-phase oxidation of alcohols. Preliminary results show a high activity for the Au loaded materials in this reaction. This observation is attributed to the microstructure of the composites with very small Au particles distributed homogeneously over the MOF matrix.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.444
Times cited: 75
DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001297
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“HRTEM and neutron diffraction study of LixMo5O17 : from the ribbon (x=5) structure to the rock salt (x=12) structure”. Lebedev OI, Caignaert V, Raveau B, Pop N, Gozzo F, Van Tendeloo G, Pralong V, Journal of solid state chemistry 184, 790 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2011.02.001
Abstract: Structure determination of the fully intercalated phase Li12Mo5O17 and of the deintercalated oxide Li5Mo5O17 has been carried out by electron microscopy and neutron powder diffraction. The reversible topotactic transformation between the ordered rock salt structure of the former and the ribbon structure of the latter (closely related to that of Li4Mo5O17) is explained on the following basis: both structures can be described as strips built up as an assembly of infinite ribbons of MoO6 octahedra that are five octahedra thick, and that differ by slight displacements of the octahedral ribbons. We show that the electrochemical behavior of the LixMo5O17 system is based on two sorts of Li+ sites; those that are located within the strips between the ribbons, and those that are located at the border of the strips. The high rate of Li intercalation in this oxide and its reversibility are discussed in terms of its peculiar structure.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.299
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.02.001
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“Stripping voltammetry of tinidazole in solubilized system and biological fluids”. Jain R, Rather JA, Colloids and surfaces: A: physicochemical and engineering aspects 378, 27 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.COLSURFA.2011.01.045
Abstract: The adsorptive voltammetric behaviour of tinidazole onto the HMDE was investigated and validated in solubilized system and biological fluids by CV, SWCAdSV and DPCAdSV. Addition of CTAB to the solution containing drug enhanced the peak current while anionic and non-ionic surfactants showed an opposite effect. The electrode process is irreversible and adsorption controlled. Various chemical and instrumental parameters affecting the monitored electroanalytical response were investigated and optimized for tinidazole determination. Under optimized conditions; the adsorptive stripping peak current is linear over the concentration range 7.0 × 10−9 to 6.2 × 10−7 mol/L with detection limit of 4.5 × 10−10 mol/L. The precision of the proposed method in terms of RSD is 1.2% and mean recovery of 100.01%. The applicability of proposed method is further extended to in vitro determination of the drug in biological fluids.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.COLSURFA.2011.01.045
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“Unprecedented shape selectivity in hydrogenation of triacylglycerol molecules with Pt/ZSM-5 zeolite”. Philippaerts A, Paulussen S, Breesch A, Turner S, Lebedev OI, Van Tendeloo G, Sels B, Jacobs P, Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English 50, 3947 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201007513
Abstract: Well tuned: ZSM-5 with platinum nanoparticles preferably hydrogenates trans fatty acids over cis isomers in model triacylglycerols for geometric reasons. The central fatty acid chain reacts faster, pointing to pore mouth adsorption in a tuning fork conformation (see picture). This conformation induces stepwise hydrogenation, resulting in fast removal of the unstable central triene, while formation of saturated chains is limited.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 11.994
Times cited: 31
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007513
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“ZnO@ZIF-8 : stabilization of quantum confined ZnO nanoparticles by a zinc methylimidazolate framework and their surface structural characterization probed by CO2 adsorption”. Esken D, Noei H, Wang Y, Wiktor C, Turner S, Van Tendeloo G, Fischer RA, Journal of materials chemistry 21, 5907 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm10091b
Abstract: The microporous and activated zeolitic imidazolate framework (Zn(MeIM)2; MeIM = imidazolate-2-methyl; ZIF-8) was loaded with the MOCVD precursor diethyl zinc [Zn(C2H5)2]. Exposure of ZIF-8 to the vapour of the volatile organometallic molecule resulted in the formation of the inclusion compound [Zn(C2H5)2]0.38@ZIF-8 revealing two precursor molecules per cavity. In a second step the obtained material was treated with oxygen (5 vol% in argon) at various temperatures (oxidative annealing) to achieve the composite material ZnO0.35@ZIF-8. The new material was characterized with powder XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis, solid state NMR, elemental analysis, N2 sorption measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The data give evidence for the presence of nano-sized ZnO particles stabilized by ZIF-8 showing a blue-shift of the UV-vis absorption caused by quantum size effect (QSE). The surface structure and reactivity of embedded ZnO nanoparticles were characterized via carbon dioxide adsorption at different temperatures monitored by ultra-high vacuum FTIR techniques. It was found that the surface of ZnO nanoparticles is dominated by polar OZnO and ZnZnO facets as well as by defect sites, which all exhibit high reactivity towards CO2 activation forming various adsorbed carbonate and chemisorbed CO2δ− species.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 76
DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10091b
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“Unexpected optical response of single ZnO nanowires probed using controllable electrical contacts”. Zeng YI, Menghini M, Li DY, Lin SS, Ye ZZ, Hadermann J, Moorkens T, Seo JW, Locquet J-P, van Haesendonck C, Physical chemistry, chemical physics 13, 6931 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp00012h
Abstract: Relying on combined electron-beam lithography and lift-off methods Au/Ti bilayer electrical contacts were attached to individual ZnO nanowires (NWs) that were grown by a vapor phase deposition method. Reliable Schottky-type as well as ohmic contacts were obtained depending on whether or not an ion milling process was used. The response of the ZnO NWs to ultraviolet light was found to be sensitive to the type of contacts. The intrinsic electronic properties of the ZnO NWs were studied in a field-effect transistor configuration. The transfer characteristics, including gate threshold voltage, hysteresis and operational mode, were demonstrated to unexpectedly respond to visible light. The origin of this effect could be accounted for by the presence of point defects in the ZnO NWs.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 4.123
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1039/c1cp00012h
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“Room-temperature study of iron gall ink impregnated paper degradation under various oxygen and humidity conditions : time-dependent monitoring by viscosity and X-ray absorption near-edge spectrometry measurements”. Rouchon V, Duranton M, Burgaud C, Pellizzi E, Lavédrine B, Janssens K, de Nolf W, Nuyts G, Vanmeert F, Hellemans K, Analytical chemistry 83, 2589 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC1029242
Abstract: Many western manuscripts were written using iron gall inks. These inks can damage the paper via two major mechanisms: (a) acid hydrolysis, enhanced by humidity, and (b) oxidative depolymerization provoked by the presence of oxygen and free iron(II) ions. The degradation of unsized Whatman paper impregnated with different combinations of iron sulfate, gallic acid, and gum arabic was studied at room temperature in order to assess the relative importance of each mechanism. The samples were stored in various environments including a dry and/or an oxygen-free atmosphere. The cellulose depolymerization was monitored by viscometry and related to changes in the oxidation state of iron, determined by X-ray absorption near-edge spectrometry. The results indicate that residual amounts of oxygen (less than 0.1%) promote cellulose depolymerization, whereas the level of relative humidity has no impact. The cellulose depolymerization also appears closely correlated to oxidative mechanisms. Regarding the oxidation of iron, it only occurs in the simultaneous presence of oxygen and moisture, suggesting the occurrence of rustlike oxidative mechanisms. Finally, the presence of gallic acid has a strong influence, which is only partially explained by its capacity to reduce iron(III) to iron(II).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 6.32
Times cited: 28
DOI: 10.1021/AC1029242
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“Crystallographic and magnetic characterisation of the brownmillerite Sr2Co2O5”. Sullivan E, Hadermann J, Greaves C, Journal of solid state chemistry 184, 649 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2011.01.026
Abstract: Sr2Co2O5 with the perovskite-related brownmillerite structure has been synthesised via quenching, with the orthorhombic unit cell parameters a=5.4639(3) Å, b=15.6486(8) Å and c=5.5667(3) Å based on refinement of neutron powder diffraction data collected at 4 K. Electron microscopy revealed LRLR-intralayer ordering of chain orientations, which require a doubling of the unit cell along the c-parameter, consistent with the assignment of the space group Pcmb. However, on the length scale pertinent to NPD, no long-range order is observed and the disordered space group Imma appears more appropriate. The magnetic structure corresponds to G-type order with a moment of 3.00(4) μB directed along [1 0 0].
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.299
Times cited: 19
DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.01.026
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“Hyperthermal oxygen interacting with silicon surfaces : adsorption, implantation, and damage creation”. Neyts EC, Khalilov U, Pourtois G, van Duin ACT, The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces 115, 4818 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/jp112068z
Abstract: Using reactive molecular dynamics simulations, we have investigated the effect of single-impact, low-energy (thermal-100 eV) bombardment of a Si(100){2 × 1} surface by atomic and molecular oxygen. Penetration probability distributions, as well as defect formation distributions, are presented as a function of the impact energy for both species. It is found that at low impact energy, defects are created chemically due to the chemisorption process in the top layers of the surface, while at high impact energy, additional defects are created by a knock-on displacement of Si. These results are of particular importance for understanding device performances of silica-based microelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 4.536
Times cited: 28
DOI: 10.1021/jp112068z
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“Theoretical investigation of grain size tuning during prolonged bias-enhanced nucleation”. Eckert M, Mortet V, Zhang L, Neyts E, Verbeeck J, Haenen ken, Bogaerts A, Chemistry of materials 23, 1414 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/cm102481y
Abstract: In this paper, the effects of prolonged bias-enhanced nucleation (prolonged BEN) on the growth mechanisms of diamond are investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) and combined MD-Metropolis Monte Carlo (MD-MMC) simulations. First, cumulative impacts of CxHy+ and Hx+ on an a-C:H/nanodiamond composite were simulated; second, nonconsecutive impacts of the dominant ions were simulated in order to understand the observed phenomena in more detail. As stated in the existing literature, the growth of diamond structures during prolonged BEN is a process that takes place below the surface of the growing film. The investigation of the penetration behavior of CxHy+ and Hx+ species shows that the carbon-containing ions remain trapped within this amorphous phase where they dominate mechanisms like precipitation of sp3 carbon clusters. The H+ ions, however, penetrate into the crystalline phase at high bias voltages (>100 V), destroying the perfect diamond structure. The experimentally measured reduction of grain sizes at high bias voltage, reported in the literature, might thus be related to penetrating H+ ions. Furthermore, the CxHy+ ions are found to be the most efficient sputtering agents, preventing the build up of defective material.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 9.466
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1021/cm102481y
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“Extension of the clathrate family : the type X clathrate Ge79P29S18Te6”. Kirsanova MA, Olenev AV, Abakumov AM, Bykov MA, Shevelkov AV, Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English 50, 2371 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201007483
Abstract: Now they are 10! The title compound displays a new type of crystal structure and is labeled clathrate X according to the general classification of clathrate structures. In contrast to typical clathrates, this compound has three-coordinate atoms within the framework and combines distorted 24-vertex polyhedra (see picture, green) centered around tellurium guest atoms with very irregular 10-vertex polyhedra around sulfur atoms (yellow).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 11.994
Times cited: 23
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007483
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“Off-stoichiometry effects on the crystalline and defect structure of hexagonal manganite REMnO3 films (RE = Y, Er, Dy)”. Gélard J, Jehanathan N, Roussel H, Gariglio S, Lebedev OI, Van Tendeloo G, Dubourdieu C, Chemistry of materials 23, 1232 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/cm1029358
Abstract: The crystalline and defect structure of epitaxial hexagonal RExMnyO3 (RE = Er, Dy) films with varying cationic composition was investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The films are composed of a strained layer at the interface with the substrate and of a relaxed layer on top of it. The critical thickness is of 10 to 25 nm. For Mn-rich films (or RE deficient), an off-stoichiometric composition maintaining the hexagonal LuMnO3-type structure is stabilized over a large range of the RE/Mn ratio (0.72−1.00), with no Mn-rich secondary phases observed. A linear dependence of the out-of-plane lattice parameter with RE/Mn is observed in this range. Out-of-phase boundary (OPB) extended defects are observed in all films and exhibit a local change in stoichiometry. Such a large solubility limit in the RE deficient region points toward the formation of vacancies on the RE site (RExMnO3−δ, with 0.72 ≤ x < 1), a phenomenon that is encountered in perovskite manganites such as LaxMnO3−δ (x < 1) and that may strongly impact the physical properties of hexagonal manganites.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 9.466
Times cited: 17
DOI: 10.1021/cm1029358
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“Modelling of synchrotron SAXS patterns of silicalite-1 zeolite during crystallization”. Aerts A, Follens LRA, Biermans E, Bals S, Van Tendeloo G, Loppinet B, Kirschhock CEA, Martens JA, Physical chemistry, chemical physics 13, 4318 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp01592j
Abstract: Synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to characterize silicalite-1 zeolite crystallization from TEOS/TPAOH/water clear sol. SAXS patterns were recorded over a broad range of length scales, enabling the simultaneous monitoring of nanoparticles and crystals occurring at various stages of the synthesis. A simple two-population model accurately described the patterns. Nanoparticles were modeled by polydisperse coreshell spheres and crystals by monodisperse oblate ellipsoids. These models were consistent with TEM images. The SAXS results, in conjunction with in situ light scattering, showed that nucleation of crystals occurred in a short period of time. Crystals were uniform in size and shape and became increasingly anisotropic during growth. In the presence of nanoparticles, crystal growth was fast. During crystal growth, the number of nanoparticles decreased gradually but their size was constant. These observations suggested that the nanoparticles were growth units in an aggregative crystal growth mechanism. Crystals grown in the presence of nanoparticles developed a faceted habit and intergrowths. In the final stages of growth, nanoparticles were depleted. Concurrently, the crystal growth rate decreased significantly.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 4.123
Times cited: 22
DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01592j
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“Fluorinated heterometallic \beta-diketonates as volatile single-source precursors for the synthesis of low-valent mixed-metal fluorides”. Navulla A, Tsirlin AA, Abakumov AM, Shpanchenko RV, Zhang H, Dikarev EV, Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, 692 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/ja109128r
Abstract: Hexafluoroacetylacetonates that contain lead and divalent first-row transition metals, PbM(hfac)4 (M = Ni (1), Co (2), Mn (3), Fe (4), and Zn (5)), have been synthesized. Their heterometallic structures are held together by strong Lewis acid−base interactions between metal atoms and diketonate ligands acting in chelating−bridging fashion. Compounds 1−5 are highly volatile and decompose below 350 °C. Fluorinated heterometallic β-diketonates have been used for the first time as volatile single-source precursors for the preparation of mixed-metal fluorides. Complex fluorides of composition Pb2MF6 have been obtained by decomposition of 1−5 in a two-zone furnace under low-pressure nitrogen flow. Lead−transition metal fluorides conform to orthorhombically distorted Aurivillius-type structure with layers of corner-sharing [MF6] octahedra separated by α-PbO-type (Pb2F2) blocks. Pb2NiF6 and Pb2CoF6 were found to exhibit magnetic ordering below 80 and 43 K, respectively. The ordering is antiferromagnetic, with a weak, uncompensated moment due to the canting of spins. The Pb2MF6 fluorides represent a new class of prospective magnetoelectric materials combining transition metals and lone-pair main-group cations.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 13.858
Times cited: 28
DOI: 10.1021/ja109128r
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“Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy and related methods : 2 : original paint layer samples”. Monico L, van der Snickt G, Janssens K, de Nolf W, Miliani C, Dik J, Radepont M, Hendriks E, Geldof M, Cotte M, Analytical chemistry 83, 1224 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC1025122
Abstract: The darkening of the original yellow areas painted with the chrome yellow pigment (PbCrO4, PbCrO4·xPbSO4, or PbCrO4·xPbO) is a phenomenon widely observed on several paintings by Vincent van Gogh, such as the famous different versions of Sunflowers. During our previous investigations on artificially aged model samples of lead chromate, we established for the first time that darkening of chrome yellow is caused by reduction of PbCrO4 to Cr2O3·2H2O (viridian green), likely accompanied by the presence of another Cr(III) compound, such as either Cr2(SO4)3·H2O or (CH3CO2)7Cr3(OH)2 [chromium(III) acetate hydroxide]. In the second part of this work, in order to demonstrate that this reduction phenomenon effectively takes place in real paintings, we study original paint samples from two paintings of V. van Gogh. As with the model samples, in view of the thin superficial alteration layers that are present, high lateral resolution spectroscopic methods that make use of synchrotron radiation (SR), such as microscopic X-ray absorption near edge (μ-XANES) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF) were employed. Additionally, μ-Raman and mid-FTIR analyses were carried out to completely characterize the samples. On both paint microsamples, the local presence of reduced Cr was demonstrated by means of μ-XANES point measurements. The presence of Cr(III) was revealed in specific areas, in some cases correlated to the presence of Ba(sulfate) and/or to that of aluminum silicate compounds.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 6.32
Times cited: 84
DOI: 10.1021/AC1025122
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“Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy and related methods : 1 : artificially aged model samples”. Monico L, van der Snickt G, Janssens K, de Nolf W, Miliani C, Verbeeck J, Tian H, Tan H, Dik J, Radepont M, Cotte M, Analytical chemistry 83, 1214 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/ac102424h
Abstract: On several paintings by artists of the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th Century a darkening of the original yellow areas, painted with the chrome yellow pigment (PbCrO4, PbCrO4·xPbSO4, or PbCrO4·xPbO) is observed. The most famous of these are the various Sunflowers paintings Vincent van Gogh made during his career. In the first part of this work, we attempt to elucidate the degradation process of chrome yellow by studying artificially aged model samples. In view of the very thin (1−3 μm) alteration layers that are formed, high lateral resolution spectroscopic methods such as microscopic X-ray absorption near edge (μ-XANES), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF), and electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS) were employed. Some of these use synchrotron radiation (SR). Additionally, microscopic SR X-ray diffraction (SR μ-XRD), μ-Raman, and mid-FTIR spectroscopy were employed to completely characterize the samples. The formation of Cr(III) compounds at the surface of the chrome yellow paint layers is particularly observed in one aged model sample taken from a historic paint tube (ca. 1914). About two-thirds of the chromium that is present at the surface has reduced from the hexavalent to the trivalent state. The EELS and μ-XANES spectra are consistent with the presence of Cr2O3·2H2O (viridian). Moreover, as demonstrated by μ-XANES, the presence of another Cr(III) compound, such as either Cr2(SO4)3·H2O or (CH3CO2)7Cr3(OH)2 [chromium(III) acetate hydroxide], is likely.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 6.32
Times cited: 113
DOI: 10.1021/ac102424h
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“Structural features of human tooth tissues affected by high dose of external ionizing radiation after nuclear catastrophe of Chernobyl plant”. Darchuk LA, Zaverbna LV, Worobiec A, Van Grieken R, Microchemical journal 97, 282 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MICROC.2010.09.016
Abstract: The application of micro-Raman spectroscopy is discussed for the analysis of structural features of human tooth tissues affected by high doses of external ionizing radiation (0.51.7 Gy) after the nuclear plant catastrophe in Chernobyl in 1986. The results have shown significant changes in the mineral matrix of dental enamel that lead to the decrease of tooth enamel hardness. Destruction of the collagen chain of the organic matrix has been observed for dentin and cementum.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1016/J.MICROC.2010.09.016
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