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Author |
Alemam, E. |
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Title |
Cleaning of wall paintings by Polyvinyl alcohol–Borax/Agarose (PVA–B/AG) double network hydrogels : characterization, assessment, and applications |
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Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
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Pages |
184 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
Wall paintings make up an important section of cultural heritage. They resemble time portals that can be used to travel back into the past and witness the life of our ancestors. In these paintings, the ancient artists depicted the different aspects of their life, such as cooking, baking, farming, manufacturing, as well as thoughts and beliefs. Unfortunately, wall paintings are susceptible to degradation over time in the form of the accumulations of dirt and deposits on the painted surfaces and loss of adhesion of the paint layers at the surface. Therefore, the removal of these deposits is one of the primary duties of conservator-restorers. Such operations are intended to restore the painted surface to a condition close enough to its original state. Since cleaning artworks may cause undesirable physicochemical alterations and is nonreversible, the proper cleaning procedure should be adopted. In this regard, numerous gels have been developed and exploited for the cleaning of various artwork surfaces. Lately, polyvinyl alcohol-borax (PVA-B) and agarose (AG) hydrogels have been widely employed as cleaning materials by conservator-restorers. However, both hydrogels have shown limitations in specific cleaning practices. In this work, we investigated a new double network hydrogel based on blending PVA-B and agarose to avoid the limitations posed by the constituting hydrogels. For this reason, a detailed characterization of the PVA–B/AG double network hydrogel was performed, including chemical structure, liquid phase retention, mechanical strength, rheological behavior, and self-healing behavior of various PVA-B/AG hydrogels. These new hydrogels revealed better properties than PVA-B and agarose hydrogels and obviated their limitations. A laboratory experiment on the removal of deteriorated Paraloid® B72 proved that the PVA-B/AG hydrogel loaded 10%/10% MEK/1-PeOH was able to remove these layers efficiently. Therefore, the hydrogel was tested on a wall painting from the Temple of Seti I in Abydos – Egypt. It removed the glossy/darkened consolidant from the wall painting and restored the original matt appearance of the painted surface. In another application on the painted ceiling of the same temple, the hydrogel was tested for removing thick soot layers. The hydrogel formulation (loaded with 5% ammonia, 0.3% ammonium carbonate, and 0.3% EDTA) removed these layers with no noticeable damage to the paint layers. In a wide-scale application of the hydrogel (loaded with 10% propylene carbonate), it removed a highly deteriorated varnish layer from a 19-c wall painting. All the traditional cleaning methods employed caused damage to the paint layers, proving that gel cleaning can be a safer cleaning alternative in some cases. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:183381 |
Serial |
7671 |
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Author |
Wood, J.; Geerts, R.; Majean, L.; Coene, V.; Vanheeswijck, J.; de Smalen, D.; Ronda, T.; Keizer, K. |
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Title |
De combinatie werk-gezin en het gebruik van formele kinderopvang bij vrouwen met een migratieachtergrond : een mixed methods-benadering |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Sociologos (Brussel) |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
2-3-4 |
Pages |
123-149 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sociology; Centre for Population, Family and Health; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Centre for Research on Environmental and Social Change |
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2295-8150 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:167658 |
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7678 |
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Annegarn, H.J.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Booth-Jones, P.A. |
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Title |
Composition and size of individual particles from a gold mine atmosphere |
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A3 Journal article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Mining science & technology |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
111-119 |
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A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Airborne dust particles were collected in a return airway of a South African gold mine using a 7-stage, single-orifice cascade impactor. Between 70 and 130 individual particles were analysed on each stage using automated electron-probe x-ray microanalysis (EPXMA). Particle size and shape parameters are given for different classes of particles sorted by elemental composition. Silicon-rich particles are the most abundant overall, while chlorine-rich particles dominate (up to 80%) in the range 0.21.0 μm. It is shown that EPXMA characterisation of particles can be used to infer relative contributions of various particle sources and dust generating processes to the total dust concentrations in mine atmospheres. An understanding of the nature and source of particles is essential for any source control strategy. We conclude that the EPXMA technique merits inclusion in the repertoire of techniques used for characterising underground dust. |
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2004-12-15 |
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0167-9031 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:116777 |
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7701 |
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Author |
Shevchenko, V.P.; Lisitsin, A.P.; Kuptsov, V.M.; van Malderen, H.; Martin, J.M.; Van Grieken, R.; Huang, W.W. |
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Title |
Composition of aerosols in the surface boundary layer of the atmosphere over the seas of the Western Russian Arctic |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
1999 |
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Oceanology |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
1 |
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128-136 |
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A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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0001-4370 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:24721 |
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7707 |
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Shevchenko, V.P.; Lisitzin, A.P.; Kuptzov, V.M.; Ivanov, G.I.; Lukashin, V.N.; Martin, J.M.; Rusakov, V.Y.; Safarova, S.A.; Serova, V.V.; Van Grieken, R.; van Malderen, H. |
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Title |
Composition of aerosols over the Laptev, the Kara, the Barents, the Greenland and the Norwegian seas |
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H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
1995 |
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7-16
T2 - Russian-German cooperation: Laptev Sea s |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:12358 |
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7708 |
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Author |
Darchuk, L.; Stefaniak, E.A.; Vázquez, C.; Palacios, O.M.; Worobiec, A.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Composition of pigments on human bones found in excavations in Argentina studied with micro-Raman spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2009 |
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e-Preservation Science |
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6 |
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112-117 |
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A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) |
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Abstract |
Results on analysis of prehistoric pigments from excavations and pigments on coloured child bones from North Patagonia, Argentina, are reported. To analyze their composition we used two micro-analytical techniques: micro- Raman spectrometry (MRS) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray micro-analysis (SEM/EDX). Most investigated excavated pigments show red or yellow ochres consistent with reddish or yellow minerals, such as á- and ã-goethite, haematite, erdite, haapalaite and jarosite. Raman spectra show also evidence of calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcite indicating lichen activity. Pigments covering human bones were identified as hematite and magnetite. This study allows us to infer that pigments found in excavation were employed for burial ceremonies, even though distances between excavated pigment archaeological site and buried remains are quite far, more than 50 km in a straight line. |
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1854-3928 |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:78469 |
Serial |
7712 |
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Author |
Cagno, S. |
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Title |
Compositional analysis of historical glass |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2012 |
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346 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:98145 |
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7714 |
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Vázquez, C.; Darchuk, L.; Stefaniak, E.A.; Van Grieken, R.; Palacios, O.R. |
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Title |
Compositional correlation between pigments found in excavations and on human bones investigated with micro-raman spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy |
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H2 Book chapter |
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2011 |
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13-18
T2 - Integration of nuclear spectrometry met |
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H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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978-92-0-121310-5 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:108205 |
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7716 |
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Ravindra, K.; Bencs, L.; Wauters, E.; de Hoog, J.; Deutsch, F.; Roekens, E.; Bleux, N.; Berghmans, P.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Concentration trends and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Belgium |
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A3 Journal article |
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2005 |
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IASTA bulletin |
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17 |
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1/2 |
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98-99 |
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A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:57214 |
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7721 |
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Van Winckel, T.; Al-Omari, A.; Takás, I.; Wett, B.; Bachmann, B.; Sturm, B.; Bott, C.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; Murthy, S.; De Clippeleir, H. |
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Title |
Conceptual framework for deammonification in a combined floc-granule system : impact of aeration control, external selector and bioaugmentation based on full-scale data from WWTP in Strass |
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P3 Proceeding |
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2017 |
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16 p.
T2 - IWA 2017 Conference on Sustainable Wast |
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P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:151109 |
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7722 |
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Author |
Reniers, G.L.L.; Sörensen, K.; Vrancken, K. |
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Conclusions and recommendations |
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H1 Book chapter |
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2013 |
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265-268
T2 - Management principles of sustainable |
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H1 Book chapter; Engineering Management (ENM); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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9783527649488 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:107610 |
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7723 |
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Pallot-Frossard, I.; Van Grieken, R.; Godoi, R.; Kontozova, V.; et al. |
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Title |
Les conclusions du programme européen Vidrio sur la protection des vitraux par verrière extérieure |
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A3 Journal article |
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2007 |
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Monumental: revue scientifique et technique |
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2 |
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113-123 |
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A3 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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1168-4534 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:83278 |
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7724 |
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Author |
De Beule, C. |
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Confined quantum systems in topological insulator heterostructures |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2017 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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141 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:147217 |
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7725 |
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Author |
Hendriks, E.; Geldof, M.; van den Berg, K.J.; Monico, L.; Miliani, C.; Moretti, P.; Iwanicka, M.; Targowski, P.; Megens, L.; de Groot, S.; van Keulen, H.; Janssens, K.; Vanmeert, F.; van der Snickt, G. |
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Title |
Conservation of the Amsterdam sunflowers : from past to future |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
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Year |
2019 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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175-205
T2 - Van Gogh’s Sunflowers illuminated – a |
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H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
This chapter lays out a conservation timeline, from past to future, for the Amsterdam version of Van Gogh's Sunflowers. It starts by considering the restoration history of the painting in order to assess its current physical state, and looks ahead to formulate an appropriate strategy for future conservation treatment and display. Due attention is paid to the two recorded episodes of restoration performed in 1927 and 1961 by the Dutch restorer, Jan Cornelis Traas. Based on physical and chemical investigation of Sunflowers we attempt to reconstruct what these former treatments (which are barely documented) entailed and consider the repercussions for the present condition of the painting. The former interventions by Traas also serve as a benchmark to reflect on current choices made, highlighting the extent to which ideas and methodologies have continued to evolve over the past century as conservation has moved further away from being a singularly craft-based activity to become an established historical and scientific discipline underpinned by ethical guidelines. Jan Cornelis Traas (1898–1984) As mentioned, the two main recorded interventions to the Amsterdam Sunflowers may be associated with the Dutch restorer, Jan Cornelis Traas, who treated the picture in 1927, close to the start of his career, and again in 1961, shortly before he retired. Traas was the first restorer to be appointed at the Mauritshuis in The Hague where he worked from 1931 to 1962 and treated hundreds of paintings, including iconic masterpieces such as Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer. Yet despite the magnitude and importance of his restoration oeuvre, J.C. Traas (as he is usually referred to in surviving documents), has remained somewhat obscure. He is shown here in the only known surviving photograph of him at work, shortly before he retired (fig. 7.1). Unlike his illustrious contemporaries, A. Martin de Wild (1899–1969) and Helmut Ruhemann (1891–1973), for example, Traas did not publish anything, he appears to have kept no records of his work and no personal archive is known. However, the study of some newly discovered historical documents, combined with physical examination of Sunflowers and a large number of other works he treated, allows us to recover an idea of his working practices and approaches viewed within the context of his day. |
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2020-11-25 |
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ISBN |
978-94-6372-532-3 |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:190780 |
Serial |
7727 |
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Author |
Baez, J.F.; Compton, M.; Chahrati, S.; Cánovas, R.; Blondeau, P.; Andrade, F.J. |
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Title |
Controlling the mixed potential of polyelectrolyte-coated platinum electrodes for the potentiometric detection of hydrogen peroxide |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Analytica Chimica Acta |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Chim Acta |
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Volume |
1097 |
Issue |
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Pages |
204-213 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
The use of a Pt electrode coated with a layer of Nafion has been described in previous works as an attractive way to perform the potentiometric detection of hydrogen peroxide. Despite of the attractive features of this approach, the nature of the non-Nernstian response of this system was not properly addressed. In this work, using a mixed potential model, the open circuit potential of the Pt electrode is shown to be under kinetic control of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). It is proposed that hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxygenated species that blocks free sites on the Pt surface, interfering with the ORR. Therefore, the effect of the polyelectrolyte coating can be understood in terms of the modulation of the factors that affects the kinetics of the ORR, such as an increase of the H+ concentration, minimization of the effect of the spectator species, etc. Because of the complexity and the lack of models that accurately describe systems with practical applications, this work is not intended to provide a mechanistic but rather a phenomenological view on problem. A general framework to understand the factors that affect the potentiometric response is provided. Experimental evidence showing that the use of polyelectrolyte coatings are a powerful way to control the mixed potential open new ways for the development of robust and simple potentiometric sensors. |
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2019-11-13 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-2670; 1873-4324 |
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Impact Factor |
6.2 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.2; 2020 IF: 4.95 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:184381 |
Serial |
7731 |
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Author |
De Cocker, P.; Bessiere, Y.; Hernandez-Raquet, G.; Sun, X.Y.; Mozo, I.; Barrillon, B.; Gaval, G.; Caligaris, M.; Martin Ruel, S.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; Sperandio, M. |
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Title |
Cool conditions for mainstream anammox applications : short and long term temperature effects |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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Year |
2017 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Pages |
3 p.
T2 - 5th IWA Benelux Young Water Professional |
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Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:151117 |
Serial |
7732 |
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Author |
de Broe, M.E.; van de Vijver, F.L.; Bekaert, A.B.; d'Haese, P.; Paulus, G.J.; Visser, W.J.; Van Grieken, R.; de Wolff, F.A.; Verbueken, A.H. |
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Title |
Correlation of serum aluminium values with tissue aluminium concentration |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Contributions to nephrology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
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Pages |
37-46 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Pathophysiology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) |
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0302-5144 |
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Impact Factor |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:116703 |
Serial |
7735 |
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Author |
Verstraelen, H. |
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Title |
Corrosion in ballast tanks on board of merchant vessels : study of the relation between steel quality and corrosion |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
172 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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ISBN |
978-90-5718-278-5 |
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UA library record |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:112176 |
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7737 |
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Author |
Mmari, A.G.; Potgieter-Vermaak, S.S.; Uiso, C.B.S.; Makundi, I.N.; Potgieter, J.H.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Corrosive marine atmosphere investigations in Tanzania: exposure sites and preliminary results |
Type |
A3 Journal article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Newsletter of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project |
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36 |
Pages |
13-18 |
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A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:65012 |
Serial |
7739 |
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Author |
Van Grieken, R.; Injuk, J. |
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Title |
Current applications of XRF and micro-XRF techniques in environmental and industrial fields |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
1999 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
29-38
T2 - Industrial and environmental applicatio |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:27600 |
Serial |
7745 |
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Author |
Puglisi, A.; Bassini, S.; Reimhult, E. |
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Title |
Cyclodextrin-appended superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as cholesterol-mopping agents |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers In Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front Chem |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
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Pages |
795598 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab) |
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Abstract |
Cholesterol plays a crucial role in major cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and rare genetic disorders showing altered cholesterol metabolism. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have shown promising therapeutic efficacy based on their capacity to sequester and mobilise cholesterol. However, the administration of monomeric CDs suffers from several drawbacks due to their lack of specificity and poor pharmacokinetics. We present core-shell superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalised with CDs appended to poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline) polymers grafted in a dense brush to the iron oxide core. The CD-decorated nanoparticles (CySPIONs) are designed so that the macrocycle is specifically cleaved off the nanoparticle’s shell at a slightly acidic pH. In the intended use, free monomeric CDs will then mobilise cholesterol out of the lysosome to the cytosol and beyond through the formation of an inclusion complex. Hence, its suitability as a therapeutic platform to remove cholesterol in the lysosomal compartment. Synthesis and full characterization of the polymer as well as of the core-shell SPION are presented. Cholesterol-binding activity is shown through an enzymatic assay. |
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2021-11-18 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2296-2646 |
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UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
3.994 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.994 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:192273 |
Serial |
7749 |
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Author |
Van den Akker, S.; Bormans, P.; Peeters, H.; Gielis, J.; Prinsen, E. |
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Title |
Cytokinin dynamics in cell suspension cultures of Bambusa balcooa Roxburgh using UPLC-ESI/MS/MS |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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2012 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
539-547
T2 - Proceedings of the 9th World Bamboo C |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; Engineering sciences. Technology; Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:97754 |
Serial |
7750 |
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Author |
Saiz-Jimenez, C.; Brimblecombe, P.; Camuffo, D.; Lefèvre, R.-A.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Damages caused to European monuments by air pollution: assessment and preventive measures |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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2004 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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91-109
T2 - Air pollution and cultural heritage / |
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Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:48939 |
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7753 |
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Author |
Grubova, I.Y. |
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Title |
Density functional theory study of interface interactions in hydroxyapatite/rutile composites for biomedical applications |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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2018 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
251 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:158087 |
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7760 |
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Author |
van Walsem, J. |
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Title |
Design and optimization of a photocatalytic reactor for air purification in ventilation systems |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Pages |
158 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
Photocatalysis has been labeled for decades as a promising technique for air purification. The principle seems straightforward and requires a photocatalyst that is immobilized on a substrate, and one or more UV sources to activate the photocatalyst. No waste products are produced, the reactions occur in mild conditions and the supplies are relatively cheap. Yet it seems that the commercialization of photocatalytic systems does not break through on the global market. The aim of this thesis is to identify and tackle the bottlenecks that impede commercialization from an application-oriented approach. The problem of indoor air pollution is enhanced by the fact that people spend more and more time indoors and that ventilation is kept to a minimum as an energy-saving measure. This inevitably leads to an accumulation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are emitted by e.g. building materials, paint and furniture. Human exposure to VOCs is directly related to the sick building syndrome leading to complaints such as headache, fatigue, dizziness and lack of concentration. In addition, exposure to VOCs is related to serious long-term health effects such as cancer or respiratory diseases. Therefore, significant research efforts are focused on advanced indoor air purification methods. Integration or retrofitting of a photocatalytic (PCO) air purifying unit into heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment has been chosen as an interesting approach. As a starting point of this thesis, the operational conditions of a ventilation system were mapped. These systems are characterized by high flow rates and the necessity of minimal pressure losses. Pressure losses increase the energy demand and can lead to failure of the ventilation fan and thereby undermine the proper functioning of the ventilation system. A suitable substrate must allow the contaminated air to pass through with a minimal pressure drop, allow sufficient contact time between VOC and photocatalyst, have a large surface area available for coating with excellent adhesion, and be transparent to UV light. Therefore, the permeability and the available exposed surface were selected as main selection criteria. After a thorough quantitative analysis of potential substrates, borosilicate glass tubes were selected. Glass tubes can easily be stacked to constitute a transparent monolithic multi-tube reactor, with their length parallel to the air flow in order to minimize the pressure drop. Moreover, borosilicate glass is relatively inexpensive and has excellent UV-A light transmitting properties. Based on a literature study, a sol-gel coating procedure was selected that is extremely suitable for coating glass substrates. The next step was to optimize the amount of P25 (commercial titanium dioxide) in the photocatalytic sol-gel coating for its application. More P25 in the sol-gel coating results in a higher adsorption capacity and consequently a higher photocatalytic activity, but greatly reduces the transparency of the coating. After an in-depth study, the concentration of 10 g L-1 P25 was selected as the most feasible for multi-tube reactors. Since the operation of photocatalytic reactors is based on a complex interaction of physical and chemical processes, mathematical models were developed, supported by experimental data, that include all these phenomena as a tool for reactor design and optimization. By making use of such models, time-consuming and expensive experimental research can be minimized. However, the experimental validation of models is of utmost importance to prove its reliability and accuracy. Intrinsic kinetic parameters provide the fundamentals for these models as they describe the photocatalytic reaction rate, independent of fluid dynamics, reactor geometry and radiation field. In this work they were estimated by means of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study, based on FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) experiments with a lab scale multi-tube reactor. The kinetic parameters were validated by an alternative analytic approach, emphasizing the accuracy and reliability of the simulations. Finally, the aforementioned CFD approach, based on the simultaneously modelling of airflow, mass transfer, UV light irradiation and photocatalytic reactions, was used to obtain insights for the light source configuration in upscaled multi-tube reactors. After taking all these insights and some practical implications into account, a final upscaled multi-tube reactor design was proposed and converted into a first built prototype. Subsequently, it was evaluated according the CEN-EN-16486-1 standard for VOC removal by the external scientific research center ‘CERTECH’. The scientific results, regarding the mineralization of the VOCs and photocatalytic efficiency of the reactor, demonstrated the feasibility for indoor air purification by the upscaled multi-tube reactor and the possible implementation in ventilation systems. |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:160205 |
Serial |
7763 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Voordeckers, D. |
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Title |
Design to breathe : understanding and altering wind patterns in street canyons to reduce human exposure to air pollution |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2023 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
xxii, 303 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Research Group for Urban Development; Intelligence in PRocesses, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS) |
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Abstract |
Air pollution is proclaimed by the World Health Organiaation (WHO) as the biggest environmental threat to human health. Street canyons, or urban roads flanked by a continuous row of high buildings on both sides, are perceived as typical bottleneck areas for air quality due to their lack of natural ventilation. This doctoral thesis aims to integrate expert knowledge on in-canyon flow fields and pollution dispersion in street canyons from the specialized field of (bio)engineering into the field of urban planning and vice versa. In Chapter 1, a Geospatial Information System (GIS) method was developed to detect exposure zones and hotspot street canyons. A critical combination between aspect ratio (AR > 0.65) and traffic volume (TVmax > 300) was detected and subsequently used to detect hotspot street canyons in three major European cities (Antwerp, London and Paris). Chapter 2 focusses on acquiring in-depth knowledge on flow and concentration fields in street canyons by conducting an extensive literature review on over 200 studies and translates this knowledge into nineteen guidelines and eleven spatial tools, comprised in a toolbox for urban planning. Subsequently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used into a research trough design process (Chapter 4) to illustrate how the design tools can be applied to a specific case study (Belgiëlei, Antwerp). Alternations to traffic lanes (traffic lane reduction and lateral displacement) combined with low boundary walls (LBWs), were found to reduce NO2 levels in the entire pedestrian area up to – 3.6 % and peak pollutions were reduced by -8 %. A maximum NO2 reduction was reached by combining a traffic lane displacement with hedges, adjustments to the tree planting pattern and an increased ground-level permeability, leading to reductions up to – 4.5 % in the pedestrian areas. In conclusion, urban design was found to be a valuable tool to enhance the effect of emission reduction strategies and draw in-canyon concentrations closer to the value of the background concentration. However, the background concentration seemed to dominate the efficiency of the urban design interventions and therefore, additional measures should be taken to reduce background pollution levels. This dissertation aims to contribute to the awareness of air pollution in street canyons, as well as support local governments in taking action by delivering spatial tools and guidelines applicable for urban planning and represents a framework for the dissemination of expert information on air quality in street canyons to the field of urban planning. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:196399 |
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7767 |
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Author |
Otten, P.; Rajsic, S.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Detection of ammomium compounds at the single particle level |
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P3 Proceeding |
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1987 |
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P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:117520 |
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7773 |
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Godoi, A.F.L.; Sawada, E.Y.; de Marchi, M.R.R.; Van Grieken, R.; Godoi, R.H.M. |
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Determination of BTEX by GCMS in air of offset printing plants: comparison between conventional and ecological inks |
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A3 Journal article |
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2009 |
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Water, air, and soil pollution : focus |
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9 |
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3/4 |
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163-169 |
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A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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The use of inks containing organic solvents by the offset printing process implies in the release of volatile organic compounds to the work environment. Many of these compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylene isomers (well known by the acronym BTEX) are extremely toxic. In this study, the BTEX concentrations were determined in two different printing plants that use distinct types of inks: the conventional and the so-called ecological, which is manufactured based on vegetal oil. Concentration ranges were 4384, 153,480, 2133, 5459, and 2236 μg m−3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively, for the conventional printing plant. At the ecological printing plant, concentration ranges were below limit of detection (<LD)-31, <LD-618, <LD-1,690, <LD-10,500, <LD-3,360 μg m−3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively. BTEX concentrations are lower at the ecological printing environment than in the conventional, where mineral oil-based inks are used. However, the worker who cleans the printing matrices is exposed to high concentrations of ethylbenzene and xylenes, due probably to the cleaning products composition (containing high amounts of BTEX). Although the BTEX concentrations found in both printing work environments were below the limits considered by the Brazilian Law for Activities and Unhealthy Operations (NR-15), the exposure to such vapors characterizes risk to the workers health for some of the evaluated samples, mainly the personal ones. |
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2009-09-29 |
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1567-7230 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:80493 |
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7775 |
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Schmeling, M.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Determination of light elements in marine aerosols by grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence |
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1999 |
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P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:27596 |
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7781 |
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Muia, L.M.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Determination of rare earth elements in geological materials by total reflection X-ray fluorescence |
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1991 |
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Analytica chimica acta |
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251 |
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177-181 |
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A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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0003-2670; 1873-4324 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:663 |
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7786 |
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