Gijbels R, van Grieken R, Blommaert W, Van 't dack L, van Espen P, Nullens H, Saelens R (1983) Application of analytical methods for trace elements in geothermal waters : part 2 : Plombières, Bains-les-Bains, Bourbonne (Vosges). S.l
Keywords: MA3 Book as author; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Quantitative surface analysis of silver halide microcrystals using scanning ion microprobe and scanning Auger microprobe”. Janssens G, Geuens I, de Keyzer R, van Espen P, Gijbels R, Hubin A, Terryn H, Vereecken J Wiley, Chichester, page 161 (1996).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Novel quantitative procedures for in-situ X-ray fluorescence analysis”. Van Grieken R, Janssens K, van Espen P, Injuk J, Padilla R, Vittiglio G, Potgieter JH page 45 (2005).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Novel quantitative procedures for in-situ X-ray fluorescence analysis”. Injuk J, Janssens K, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, (2001)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Spectrum evaluation”. van Espen P, Janssens K (1992).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“XRS activities at the Micro &, Trace Analysis Centre (MiTAC), University of Antwerp, Belgium”. Padilla R, Janssens K, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, IAEA XRF newsletter 12, 13 (2006)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Non-invasive and non-destructive examination of artists’ pigments, paints and paintings by means of X-ray imaging methods”. Vanmeert F, De Meyer S, Gestels A, Clerici EA, Deleu N, Legrand S, Van Espen P, Van der Snickt G, Alfeld M, Dik J, Monico L, De Nolf W, Cotte M, Gonzalez V, Saverwyns S, Depuydt-Elbaum L, Janssens K page 317 (2022).
Abstract: Recent studies in which X-ray beams of (sub)micrometre to millimetre dimensions have been used for non-destructive analysis and characterization of pigments, minute paint samples and/or entire paintings from fifteenth to twentieth century artists are discussed. The overview presented encompasses the use of laboratory and synchrotron radiation-based instrumentation and deals with the use of several variants of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a method of elemental analysis and imaging as well as with the combined use with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microscopic XRF (μ-XRF) is a variant of the XRF method able to visualize the elemental distribution of key elements, mostly metals, on the scale from 1 μm to 100 μm present inside multi-layered micro samples taken from paintings. In the context of the characterization of artists’ pigments subjected to natural degradation, in many cases the use of methods limited to elemental analysis or imaging does not suffice to elucidate the chemical transformations that have taken place. However, at synchrotron facilities, combinations of μ-XRF with related methods such as μ-XAS (microscopic X-ray absorption spectroscopy) and μ-XRD have proven themselves to be very suitable for such studies. Since microscopic investigation of a relatively limited number of minute paint samples may not yield representative information about the complete artefact they were taken from, several methods for macroscopic, non-invasive imaging have recently been developed. Combined macroscopic XRF/XRD scanning is able to provide a fairly complete overview of the inorganic pigments employed to create a work of art, to answer questions about ongoing degradation phenomena and about its authenticity. As such these newly developed non-invasive and highly specific imaging methods are of interest for many cultural heritage stakeholders.
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-86865-9_11
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“Background aerosol composition at Gobabeb, South West Africa”. Annegarn H, Van Grieken R, van Espen P, von Blottnitz F, Sellschop J, Winchester J, Maenhaut W, Madoqua , 107 (1976)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Classification of coal mine dust particles through fuzzy clustering of their energy-dispersive electron microprobe X-ray spectra”. Bondarenko I, van Espen P, Treiger B, Van Grieken R, Adams F, Microbeam analysis 3, 33 (1994)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“IDAS: a new Windows based software for multivariate analysis of atmospheric aerosol composition data bases”. Bondarenko I, Treiger B, Van Grieken R, van Espen P page 308 (1995).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“IDAS: a Windows based software package for cluster analysis”. Bondarenko I, Treiger B, Van Grieken R, van Espen P, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 51, 441 (1996)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Manufacturing techniques and production defects of 16th-17th century majolica tiles from Antwerp (Belgium)”. Vandevijvere M, Van de Voorde L, Caen J, van Espen P, Vekemans B, Vincze L, Schalm O page 169 (2013).
Keywords: H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
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“Morphology and fractal dimension of soot and carbon black aggregates determined by image analysis”. Smekens A, Vervoort M, Pauwels J, Berghmans P, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, (1998)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Prediction of Mα/L&alpha, intensity ratios and the use in the spectra evaluation”. Trincavelli J, Montoro S, Van Grieken R, van Espen P, (1992)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Study of the main physical processes contributing to image formation in emission radiography using mathematical modeling”. Leyva Pernia D, Cabal Rodríguez AE, Schalm O, van Espen P, Piñera Hernández I, Abreu Alfonso Y, (2013)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
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“Sulfur and heavy metals over the Atlantic Ocean : comparison with other marine data”. Maenhaut W, Selen A, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, Winchester JW, (1980)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Automated particle analysis of populations of silver halide microcrystals by electron probe microanalysis under cryogenic conditions”. Gregory CL, Nullens HA, Gijbels RH, van Espen PJ, Geuens I, de Keyzer R, Analytical chemistry 70, 2551 (1998). http://doi.org/10.1021/ac9710644
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
Impact Factor: 6.32
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1021/ac9710644
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“Quantitative analysis of 16-17th century archaeological glass vessels using PLS regression of EPXMA and μ-XRF data”. Lemberge P, Deraedt I, Janssens K, van Espen P, Journal of chemometrics 14, 751 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1002/1099-128X(200009/12)14:5/6<751::AID-CEM622>3.0.CO;2-D
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
Impact Factor: 1.884
DOI: 10.1002/1099-128X(200009/12)14:5/6<751::AID-CEM622>3.0.CO;2-D
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“A new electrostatic transfer line for improved transmission in Fourier transform laser microprobe mass spectrometry with external ion source”. van Vaeck L, van Espen P, Gijbels R, Baykut G, Laukien FH, European mass spectrometry 6, 277 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1255/ejms.342
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
Times cited: 10
DOI: 10.1255/ejms.342
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“Evaluation of energy-dispersive x-ray spectra of low-Z elements from electron-probe microanalysis of individual particles”. Osán J, de Hoog J, van Espen P, Szalóki I, Ro C-U, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 30, 419 (2001). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.523
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.523
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“Performance of a new compact EDXRF spectrometer for aerosol analysis”. Samek L, Injuk J, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 31, 84 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.551
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.551
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“Semiempirical approach for standardless calibration in µ-XRF spectrometry using capillary lenses”. Padilla R, van Espen P, Abrahantes A, Janssens K, X-ray spectrometry 34, 19 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.781
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
Impact Factor: 1.298
Times cited: 23
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.781
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“Microanalytical characterization of surface decoration in Majolica pottery”. Padilla R, Schalm O, Janssens K, Arrazcaeta R, van Espen P, Analytica chimica acta 535, 201 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACA.2004.11.082
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
Impact Factor: 4.95
Times cited: 20
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACA.2004.11.082
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“Characterization of individual soot aggregates from different sources using image analysis”. Smekens A, Godoi RHM, Vervoort M, van Espen P, Potgieter-Vermaak SS, Van Grieken R, Journal of atmospheric chemistry 56, 211 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10874-006-9050-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1007/S10874-006-9050-X
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“Euroanalysis 14: the European Conference on Analytical Chemistry”. Janssens K, van Espen P, Van 't dack L, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 391, 1107 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1007/S00216-008-2114-9
Keywords: Editorial; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
Impact Factor: 3.431
DOI: 10.1007/S00216-008-2114-9
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“Determination of fluorine in uranium oxyfluoride particles as an indicator of particle age”. Kips R, Pidduck AJ, Houlton MR, Leenaers A, Mace JD, Marie O, Pointurier F, Stefaniak EA, Taylor PDP, van den Berghe S, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, Wellum R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 64, 199 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2008.12.001
Abstract: As swipe samples from enrichment activities typically contain uranium particles with a detectable amount of fluorine, the question was raised whether the analysis of fluorine in particles could complement the information on the uranium isotope ratios. For this, uranium oxyfluoride particles were prepared from the controlled hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride (UF6). The relative amount of fluorine was characterized by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX), as well as ion-microprobe secondary ion mass spectrometry (IM-SIMS). Of particular interest was the assessment of the reduction of the amount of fluorine over time, and after exposure to UV-light and high temperatures. Micro-Raman spectrometry (MRS) was applied to look for differences in molecular structure between these various sample types. Both SEM-EDX and IM-SIMS showed a general reduction of the fluorine-to-uranium ratio after 12 years of storage. The exposure to UV-light and high temperatures was found to have accelerated the loss of fluorine. A distinct peak at 865 cm− 1 Raman shift was detected for the majority of particles analyzed by MRS. For the particles that were heat-treated, the Raman spectra were similar to the spectrum of U3O8. Although often large variations were observed between particles from the same sample, the three particle measurement techniques (IM-SIMS, SEM-EDX and MRS) showed some consistent trends. They therefore appear promising in terms of the ability to place bounds on particle age, as well as shedding light on the complex processes involved in UO2F2 particle ageing.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2008.12.001
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“Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray spectra from low energy electrons using optical data”. Roet D, van Espen P, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 268, 2794 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2010.07.004
Abstract: An approach using optical data to simulate both the bremsstrahlung continuum and characteristic K and L X-ray lines generated by low energy electrons (cfr. electron microscopy) in solids is discussed in this paper. The necessary analytical expressions together with the data to calculate the relevant cross sections for elastic and inelastic interactions at these energies along with variance reduction techniques are given. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation are compared to experimental data measured with a JEOL 6300 electron microscope.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2010.07.004
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“Improved radiographic methods for the investigation of paintings using laboratory and synchrotron X-ray sources”. Schalm O, Cabal A, van Espen P, Laquière N, Storme P, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 26, 1068 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1039/C0JA00242A
Abstract: It is generally known that radiographic inspection of 1517th century paintings can easily be done with a polychromatic X-ray source using a voltage between 20 kV and 40 kV in combination with classic X-ray films. Unfortunately, the spatial structure of numerous 19th and early 20th century paintings cannot be visualized with conventional radiography due to several reasons such as the use of lead white grounds or low absorbing pigments. Radiographic images are blurred or worse, they do not contain the picture of the painting. During the last decades, many technological innovations have been introduced in the field of radiography but their possibilities in cultural heritage have not been explored in full detail. In our investigation we used phosphor imaging plates, energy dispersive detectors and CCD-cameras in combination with synchrotron radiation and conventional X-ray tubes in order to improve the quality of radiographic images. Several promising techniques that could improve the quality of radiographs of paintings were identified.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/C0JA00242A
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“Case specific prediction intervals for tri-PLS1 : the full local linearisation”. Serneels S, Faber K, Verdonck T, van Espen PJ, Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 108, 93 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOLAB.2011.05.002
Abstract: A new method to estimate case specific prediction uncertainty for univariate trilinear partial least squares (tri-PLS1) regression is introduced. This method is, from a theoretical point of view, the most exact finite sample approximation to true prediction uncertainty that has been reported up till now. Using the new method, different error sources can be propagated, which is an advantage that cannot be offered by data driven approaches such as the bootstrap. In a concise example, it is illustrated how the method can be applied. In the Appendix, efficient algorithms are presented to compute the estimates required.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOLAB.2011.05.002
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“Monitoring of tropospheric ozone in the ambient air with passive samplers”. Alejo ellys, Morales MC, Nuñez V, Bencs L, Van Grieken R, van Espen P, Microchemical journal 99, 383 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MICROC.2011.06.010
Abstract: Two sampling campaigns in suburban places in the north zone of Santa Clara city, Cuba, have been carried out on a weekly base with the use of Radiello passive diffusion tubes in order to monitor the tropospheric ozone (O3) levels in 2010. The first campaign was scheduled from February to April (cold season) and the second one in August and October (warm season), both of them at two sampling sites, i.e., Farm and School of Art Instructors. After aqueous extraction, the samples were analyzed by UVVIS spectrophotometry. A seasonal trend was observed with the maximum O3 concentrations in the cold season and the minimum levels in the warm season. Samples collected during the cold season showed the highest O3 levels. Higher levels were reached at the Farm site with average values of about 58 ± 12 μg/m3, which exceeded the limit of the Cuban Standard 99:1999. In the warm season, the O3 concentrations were similar for both sites, but lower than those observed in the cold season. The overall, seasonal average value was found to be 24 μg/m3. Despite the higher weekly average temperatures in August, the O3 concentrations during this month showed the lowest values of the whole sampling period, which finding is in agreement with that reported by the Meteorological Institute of Cuba. Mathematical models, based on the Cochrane-Orcutt algorithm, were fitted to the acquired data set to explain the change in the tropospheric ozone concentrations under various meteorological conditions during the two campaigns. The correlation coefficients for both the cold and the warm seasons demonstrated a strong correlation, i.e., 0.779 and 0.951, respectively. The high correlation of wind speed in the model from the first sampling campaign explains the sharp decrease in O3 concentrations at the SAI sampling site from the sixth week of sampling.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.MICROC.2011.06.010
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