“Background aerosol concentrations at the Namib-Atlantic interface”. Annegarn HJ, Van Grieken RE, Winchester JW, Sellschop JPF, von Blottnitz F, (1979)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Badanie składu powietrza w zabytkowych kościołach”. Samek L, Worobiec A, Spolnik Z, Van Grieken R, Analytika , 26 (2006)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Bottari F (2019) Bio(inspired) strategies for the electro-sensing of β-lactam antibiotics. 205 p
Abstract: In the broad context of food and environmental safety, the development of selective and sensitive analytical tools for the detection of β-lactam antibiotics in milk down to their Maximum Residues Limits (MRL), is still an open challenge. To address this need, the design of new bio(mimetic) electrochemical sensors was investigated in the present thesis. These sensors are based on the intrinsic electrochemistry of β-lactam antibiotics, taking advantages of the characteristic electrochemical fingerprints of the core structures and redox active side chain groups. The electrochemistry of nafcillin (NAF) and the isoxazolyl penicillins (ISOXA) was investigated, identifying the peculiar electrochemical fingerprint of each antibiotic, proving that it is possible to use electrochemistry for the selective detection of these antimicrobial drugs. Once verified the applicability of a direct detection, different sensor configurations were tested mainly focusing on: – the selection and validation of aptamers to be used as bioreceptors in the development of β-lactam biosensors; – the design of biomimetic receptors, particularly molecularly imprinted polymers, and other synthetic electrode modifiers compatible with a direct detection strategy. The selection of novel aptamers was performed following both a traditional FluMag SELEX protocol and a novel variant based on graphene oxide (GO). First results with the modified GO-SELEX are promising but more work still needs to be done to validate this novel approach. The few aptamers for β-lactam antibiotics, already reported in literature by other groups, were poorly characterized up to now. For this reason, a multi-analytical characterization protocol for aptamer binding studies was optimized and validated by focusing on aptamer AMP17 against ampicillin. The protocol combines ITC, nESI-MS and 1H-NMR. Very striking was the fact that the aptamer sequence did not show any sign of specific binding for its target, even if it was used in many other studies in the past. This thesis now offers a validated protocol for testing the affinity and binding capabilities of aptamer sequences. In parallel, the functionalization of the electrode surface with polymer modifiers was studied. In particular we optimized a MIP electrochemical sensor based on 4-aminobenzoic acid for the direct electrochemical detection of CFQ. Another approach was tested based on the intrinsic affinity of NAF for an oPD electropolymerized film on the electrode surface. Both sensors were found to be sensitive and selective for the detection of CFQ and NAF at MRLs in buffer solutions. The proposed protocols are robust and promising for technological transfer. Lastly, the research activity was directed towards milk sample analysis following two parallel routes: the development of a pre-treatment protocol for raw milk, based on solvent addition (ACN or ISO), and the study of β-lactam antibiotics electrochemistry in undiluted raw milk with addition of KNO3 as supporting electrolyte. Both approaches gave encouraging results and the detection of NAF, CFQ and CFU in the micromolar range was achieved, with the second approach in undiluted raw milk.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Caractérisation historique et chimique des peintures en grisaille et du verre de vitrail dans l'oeuvre de J.-B. Capronnier (1814 –, 1891) et J.-B. Bethune (1821 –, 1894)”. Caen J, Schalm O, Janssens K, (2000)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Caracterização dos sistemas iônicos e particulado no reservatório”. Godoi RHM, Bittencourt AVL, Hirata PY, Jafelicci Junior M, dos Reis Neto JM, de Souza Sarkis JE, Zara LF, Van Grieken R page 170 (2011).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Sleegers N (2021) Cephalosporin antibiotics : electrochemical fingerprints and redox pathways investigated by mass spectral analysis. 208 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
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“Characterisation of air pollutants in museum showcases”. Kontozova V, Deutsch F, Godoi R, Godoi AF, Joos P, Van Grieken R, (2002)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterisation of individual aerosol particles for atmospheric and cultural heritage studies”. Van Grieken R, Gysels K, Hoornaert S, Joos P, Osán J, Szalóki I, Worobiec A page 215 (2000).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterisation of individual suspension particles in the Ems estuary”. Bernard PC, Van Grieken RE, Eisma D, (1986)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization and removal of a disfiguring oxalate crust on a large altarpiece by Hans Memling”. Klaassen L, van der Snickt G, Legrand S, Higgitt C, Spring M, Vanmeert F, Rosi F, Brunetti BG, Postec M, Janssens K page 263 (2019).
Abstract: During the conservation treatment of Memling’s Christ with Singing and Music-making Angels, three panel paintings that are among the most monumental works in early Netherlandish art, the conservators came across insoluble surface layers containing calcium oxalates. A very thin and irregular layer of this type, hardly visible to the naked eye, was spread across the surface of all three panels. A much thicker layer forming an opaque and highly disfiguring crust that obscured the composition (Figs. 15.1 and 15.7) was locally present on areas of dark copper-containing paint, where multiple layers of old discolored coatings and accretions remained in place before the most recent cleaning. This article describes the application of a wide range of analytical techniques in order to fully understand the stratigraphy and composition of the crusts on the Memling paintings. FTIR spectroscopy in transmission and reflection mode, micro-ATR-FTIR imaging and macro-rFTIR scanning, SEM-EDX, mobile XRD, and SR-μXRD showed that the crusts contained two related Ca-based oxalate salts, whewellite and weddellite, and were separated from the original paint surface by varnish, indicating that they did not originate from degradation of the original paint but from a combination of microbial action and a thick accumulation of dirt. Supported by the results from these different analytical techniques, which when used together proved to be very effective in providing complementary information that addressed this specific conservation problem, and aided by the presence of the intermediate varnish layer(s), the conservators were able to remove most of the crusts with spectacular results.
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90617-1_15
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“Characterization of aerosol particles at Seoul, Korea, using ultrathin window EPMA”. Oh K-Y, Ro C-U, Kim HK, Van Grieken R, (2000)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of aerosol particles collected at Kosan and 1100 Hill sites, Cheju Island, Korea, using ultrathin window EPMA”. Oh K-Y, Ro C-U, Kim HK, Kim Y-P, Van Grieken R, (2000)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of air particulate matter by X-ray, Raman and mass spectrometric techniques”. Van Grieken R, Adams F page 57 (1986).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of Asian dust using ultrathin window EPMA”. Ro C-U, Oh K-Y, Kim HK, Chun Y, Van Grieken R, (1999)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of individual environmental particles by beam techniques”. Xhoffer C, Wouters L, Artaxo P, van Put A, Van Grieken R page 107 (1992).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of the ionic and particulate systems in the reservoir”. Godoi RHM, Lima Bittencourt AV, Hirata PY, Jafelicci Junior M, dos Reis Neto JM, Van Grieken R page 143 (2014).
Keywords: H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Charakterystyka i wpływ zanieczyszczeń, powietrza na eksponaty w muzeach”. Kontozova-Deutsch V, Deutsch F, Krata A, Van Grieken R, Análityka , 64 (2008)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical alteration and colour changes in the Amsterdam sunflowers”. Monico L, Hendriks E, Geldof M, Miliani C, Janssens K, Brunetti BG, Cotte M, Vanmeert F, Chieli A, Van der Snickt G, Romani A, Melo MJ page 125 (2019).
Abstract: This chapter provides a description of colour changes in the Amsterdam Sunflowers due to chemical alteration of pigments, with a focus on geranium lakes and chrome yellows. The brilliant and forceful colours of these and other late nineteenth-century synthetic materials offered artists such as Vincent van Gogh new means of artistic expression that exploited a range of contrasting hues and tints. However, geranium lakes have a strong tendency to fade and chrome yellows to darken under the influence of light. Van Gogh, like other artists of his day, was aware of this drawback, yet he continued to favour the use of both pigments up until his death in July 1890 due to the unparalleled effects they gave. In April 1888, Vincent wrote to his brother Theo: Van Gogh's use of unstable colours opens a series of questions regarding the extent to which colour change affects the way his paintings look today, as discussed here in relation to the Amsterdam Sunflowers. Furthermore, given the frequency with which geranium lakes and chrome yellows occur in Van Gogh's paintings of the period 1888–90 and the predominance of chrome yellows in Sunflowers, it becomes important to understand the factors that can drive these processes of deterioration in order to develop appropriate strategies for conserving the artist's works.
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
DOI: 10.1017/9789048550531.006
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“Chemical characterisation of weathering crust and run-off water for a deteriorated limestone cathedral”. Roekens E, Leysen L, Van Grieken R, Komy Z, (1986)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical characterisation, source identification and quantification of the input of atmospheric particulate matter into the North Sea”. van Malderen H, de Bock L, Hoornaert S, Injuk J, Van Grieken R page 103 (1996).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical characterization and source apportionment of fine aerosols”. Ravindra K, Stranger M, Van Grieken R, Sokhi RS (2009).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical characterization of airborne particulate matter above the North Sea”. Bruynseels F, Storms H, Van Grieken R, (1985)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical characterization of individual aerosol particles from remote and polluted marine air”. Bruynseels F, Storms H, Van Grieken R, (1985)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Horemans B (2012) Chemical characterization of particulate air pollutants : case studies on indoor air quality, cultural heritage and the marine environment. 229 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical composition of suspended matter and sediments from the Indian sub-continent: a fifteen-year research survey”. Dekov VM, Subramanian V, Van Grieken R page 81 (1998).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Camuffo D, Pagan E, Schellen H, Van Grieken R, Bencs L, et al. (2006) Church heating and cultural heritage conservation : guide to the analysis of pros and cons of various heating systems. 240 p
Keywords: MA2 Book as author; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Alemam E (2021) Cleaning of wall paintings by Polyvinyl alcohol–Borax/Agarose (PVA–B/AG) double network hydrogels : characterization, assessment, and applications. 184 p
Abstract: Wall paintings make up an important section of cultural heritage. They resemble time portals that can be used to travel back into the past and witness the life of our ancestors. In these paintings, the ancient artists depicted the different aspects of their life, such as cooking, baking, farming, manufacturing, as well as thoughts and beliefs. Unfortunately, wall paintings are susceptible to degradation over time in the form of the accumulations of dirt and deposits on the painted surfaces and loss of adhesion of the paint layers at the surface. Therefore, the removal of these deposits is one of the primary duties of conservator-restorers. Such operations are intended to restore the painted surface to a condition close enough to its original state. Since cleaning artworks may cause undesirable physicochemical alterations and is nonreversible, the proper cleaning procedure should be adopted. In this regard, numerous gels have been developed and exploited for the cleaning of various artwork surfaces. Lately, polyvinyl alcohol-borax (PVA-B) and agarose (AG) hydrogels have been widely employed as cleaning materials by conservator-restorers. However, both hydrogels have shown limitations in specific cleaning practices. In this work, we investigated a new double network hydrogel based on blending PVA-B and agarose to avoid the limitations posed by the constituting hydrogels. For this reason, a detailed characterization of the PVA–B/AG double network hydrogel was performed, including chemical structure, liquid phase retention, mechanical strength, rheological behavior, and self-healing behavior of various PVA-B/AG hydrogels. These new hydrogels revealed better properties than PVA-B and agarose hydrogels and obviated their limitations. A laboratory experiment on the removal of deteriorated Paraloid® B72 proved that the PVA-B/AG hydrogel loaded 10%/10% MEK/1-PeOH was able to remove these layers efficiently. Therefore, the hydrogel was tested on a wall painting from the Temple of Seti I in Abydos – Egypt. It removed the glossy/darkened consolidant from the wall painting and restored the original matt appearance of the painted surface. In another application on the painted ceiling of the same temple, the hydrogel was tested for removing thick soot layers. The hydrogel formulation (loaded with 5% ammonia, 0.3% ammonium carbonate, and 0.3% EDTA) removed these layers with no noticeable damage to the paint layers. In a wide-scale application of the hydrogel (loaded with 10% propylene carbonate), it removed a highly deteriorated varnish layer from a 19-c wall painting. All the traditional cleaning methods employed caused damage to the paint layers, proving that gel cleaning can be a safer cleaning alternative in some cases.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
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“Composition of aerosols over the Laptev, the Kara, the Barents, the Greenland and the Norwegian seas”. Shevchenko VP, Lisitzin AP, Kuptzov VM, Ivanov GI, Lukashin VN, Martin JM, Rusakov VY, Safarova SA, Serova VV, Van Grieken R, van Malderen H page 7 (1995).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Cagno S (2012) Compositional analysis of historical glass. 346 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Compositional correlation between pigments found in excavations and on human bones investigated with micro-raman spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy”. Vázquez C, Darchuk L, Stefaniak EA, Van Grieken R, Palacios OR page 13 (2011).
Keywords: H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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